Moon exploration
Performed
5th grade student
MOU Korablinskaya secondary school No. 1
Tsoy Evgenia
The moon has attracted the attention of people since ancient times. In 2nd century BC e. Hipparchus studied the motion of the moon starry sky, by determining the inclination of the lunar orbit relative to ecliptic , dimensions Moon and distance from the Earth, and also revealed a number of features of movement.
Invention telescopes made it possible to distinguish finer details of the moon's relief. One of the first lunar maps was compiled by Giovanni Riccioli in 1651, he also gave names to large dark areas, calling them "seas", which we still use today. Data toponyms reflected the long-standing notion that the weather on the Moon was similar to that of Earth, and that the dark areas were allegedly filled with lunar water, while the light areas were considered land. However, in 1753 a Croatian astronomer Ruger Boskovic proved that the moon has no atmosphere. The fact is that when the stars are covered by the Moon, they disappear instantly. But if the moon had an atmosphere, then the stars would fade out gradually. This indicated that the satellite has no atmosphere. And in this case, there can be no liquid water on the surface of the Moon, since it would instantly evaporate.
Inserting a picture
With a light hand of the same Giovanni Riccioli craters began to give the names of famous scientists: from Plato , Aristotle and Archimedes before Vernadsky , Tsiolkovsky and Pavlova .
For the first time the moon was reached by the Soviet automatic interplanetary station « Luna-2 » September 13 1959 . For the first time managed to look at the far side of the moon in 1959 when the Soviet station Luna-3 ” flew over it and photographed a part of its surface invisible from the Earth. The far side of the moon is an ideal place for an astronomical observatory . Optical telescopes placed here would not have to break through the dense earth's atmosphere. And for radio telescopes The moon would serve as a natural shield of solid rocks 3500 km thick, which would reliably cover them from any radio interference from the Earth. The world's first soft landing on the moon was made February 3rd 1966 Soviet AMS " Luna-9 ”, which also transmitted images of the surface of another celestial body for the first time.
Inserting a picture
The successful American program of manned flights to the moon was called "Apollo" . The world's first flyby of the moon took place in December 1968 on a manned spacecraft. Apollo 8 . After a rehearsal flight in May 1969 to the moon without landing a ship Apollo 10 the world's first landing on the moon July 20 1969 on the ship Apollo 11 (the first person to walk on the surface of the moon on July 21 was Nile Armstrong , second - Edwin Aldrin ; third crew member Michael Collins remained in the orbital module); the last sixth - in December 1972 . Thus, the Moon is the only celestial body that has been visited by man, and the first celestial body whose samples were delivered to Earth (the United States delivered 380 kilograms , USSR - 324 grams lunar soil )
It is possible that not only silver , mercury and alcohols , but also others chemical elements and connections. Water ice , molecular hydrogen found in the lunar crater Cabeus indicate that there are resources on the moon that could be used in future missions
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The first information about the moon The MOON is perhaps the only celestial body in respect of which, since ancient times, no one had any doubts that it moves around the Earth. In the II century. BC. Hipparchus determined the inclination of the lunar orbit to the plane of the ecliptic and revealed a number of features of the motion of the moon. He created a very perfect theory of its movement for his time, as well as the theory of solar and lunar eclipses. The Moon, a natural satellite of the Earth, is located at an average distance of 384,400 km from it. Orbital inclination to the plane of the ecliptic 5 ° 8 "43", mass 7.349.1022 kg (1 / 81.3 = 0.0123 Earth masses), average radius of the Moon 1737.1 km (0.2727 Earth), acceleration of gravity on the surface 1, 62 m/s2. The average density is 3341 kg/m3, the sidereal circulation period is 27.3 days, the synodic circulation period is 29.5 days (708 hours). Shines by reflected sunlight, visual spherical albedo 0.075 (reflects 7.5% of incident sunlight). After periods of intense solar activity, individual places on the lunar surface may faintly glow under the action of luminescence. The temperature on the surface of the Moon is 100-400 K (it reaches 130°C at the equator during the day, and minus 170°C at night. It cools down to minus 100°C in 1.5 hours of the eclipse), the magnetic field is 0.4 gamma.
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Lunar exploration by spacecraft Lunar exploration was carried out by several series of spacecraft: Luna (the first three Lunnik, USSR), Ranger (USA), Surveyor ("Researcher", USA), Lunar Orbiter ("Lunar Orbiter", USA), Zond (USSR) and manned by the Apollo spacecraft. The last flight under the Apollo program took place at the end of 1972, and after 4 years, the flights of the Soviet Lunars also stopped. Only two decades later, in 1990, Japan sent its artificial satellite "Khiten" to the Moon, which became the third "lunar power". Then there were two more American satellites - Clementine (1994) and Lunar Prospector (1998). Finally, in 2003, the European Space Agency launched its spacecraft.
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Illusion of the Moon Near the horizon, the Moon looks much larger than it does high up in the sky. This is an optical illusion. Psychological experiments have shown that the observer subconsciously adjusts his perception of the size of an object depending on the size of other objects in the field of view. The moon appears smaller when high in the sky and surrounded by large empty space; but when it is near the horizon, its size is easily compared to the distance between it and the horizon. Under the influence of this comparison, we unconsciously reinforce our impression of the size of the moon.
Class: 2
Lesson type: combined.
Lesson form: traditional (using ICT).
The purpose of the lesson: the formation of ideas about the cold celestial body - the Moon.
- To acquaint with the Earth's satellite - the Moon, with its movement around the Earth, its size and distance from the Earth, to establish the reason for the change in the phases of the Moon during the month.
- Develop observation, imagination and fantasy, the ability to build oral messages, find an answer to question asked, the ability to take a role in educational cooperation.
- Raise interest in the knowledge of the world around.
Equipment: computer, multimedia projector, tellurium, illustrations with the image of the Moon, presentation, table “Solar system”, textbook “Environment world” by N.Ya.Dmitrieva.
During the classes
I. Organizing moment
(slide 1)The bell rang
The lesson starts.
To become a friend of nature
Know all her secrets
Unravel all mysteries
We learn to observe.
Together we will develop mindfulness,
And our curiosity will help to find out everything.
Hello guys, look at each other, smile and sit down. Now we have a lesson in the world around us.
II. Repetition of the past
- What topic on the world around us are we going through?
- What space objects did you meet?
- What did you learn about the sun, planets, stars?
III. Test
- Before proceeding to the study new topic, we will complete the test, thereby checking how well you have learned the topic of the last lesson. (slide 2-7)
Test
- The planets of the solar system are studying...
- The planets revolve around the sun. Them...
- Pluto is...
- The planets are located relative to the Sun:
- What is Earth?
A) a star
B) a planet
C) a flaming ball. (Children show the answers with a card)
A) geographers; B) chemists; B) astronomers D) physics.
A) 7; B) 9; AT 11.
a) the largest planet in the solar system
B) the smallest planet in the solar system;
C) the closest planet to the sun in the solar system.
A) Venus, Earth, Mars, Mercury, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Uranus, Jupiter;
B) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Neptune, Pluto, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus;
C) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto.
IV. Setting the topic and objectives of the lesson
Have we discovered all the secrets of the Galaxy? To learn the topic of the lesson, guess the riddles.
- white flowers
bloom in the evening,
And in the morning they fade. - Sparks burn the sky
And they don't reach us meteorites) - Peas scattered in the evening,
Got up in the morning - nothing - Decorated the night blue
silver orange
And it's only been a week...
There was a piece left of him. - A little blue fur coat covered the whole world ( sky)
Guessing riddles, the children attached riddles to the board ( stars, moon, meteorites)
What sky is depicted?
What objects do we see at night, and what during the day and at night?
I have prepared a small crossword puzzle for you. Let's guess it and see what keyword we get. (Slide 8)
- The star around which the earth revolves?
- The planet farthest from the Sun?
- Celestial body revolving around the sun?
- A celestial body that itself glows?
So, what's the keyword? (Moon)
So what are we going to talk about today? (about the moon)
- Have you seen the moon?
– What do you know about her?
Do you know everything about her?
– Do you want to know more? (Yes)
- Guys, the topic of our lesson is called “Sputnik of the Earth - Moon” (slide 9)
- Let's see what we have to learn about her during this lesson, (slide 10)
- The Moon is the Earth's satellite.
- The surface of the moon.
- Moon phases.
- Human exploration of the moon.
– You will be real explorers, astronomers. You will draw conclusions based on scientific facts.
V. Learning a new topic.
“Here we are, right there with you. Let's start looking for answers to our questions?
1. The moon is a satellite of the Earth. (Slide 11)
- Guys, in front of you is our planet Earth and the Moon. What can you say about them?
What do you think the size of the Moon is compared to the size of the Earth?
- Read on p. 65, which is said about the size of the moon.
The Moon is smaller and lighter than the Earth and the gravity is less. A 60 kg person weighs 10 kg. How much will you weigh?
What is the distance to the moon?
- The distance to the moon is about 400 thousand kilometers. This is the closest cosmic body to the Earth. If it were possible, a man could reach the moon in 40 years. The car would have arrived in six months. The rocket will reach the moon in about three days of flight.
Table used: on the board:
- Work in pairs.
The solution to a playful puzzle about how a second grader went to the moon. How old will the old man be when he comes back?
(40L + 40L + 8L = 88L)
- It turns out that the Earth and the Moon, they are like 2 brothers, always inseparable. The Moon moves around the Earth, and together with the Earth around the Sun. Therefore, the Moon is called the satellite of the Earth.
- Let's, in order to better imagine all this, consider the movement of the Earth and the Moon around the sun with the help of tellurium.
- In time practical activities children receive Additional information based on observations and facts. (The moon faces the Earth on one side, the change of day and night after 14 Earth days, the temperature is + 130, - 170. The period of revolution around the Earth is 1 month, during which time a day passes on the moon. No atmosphere, air, wind)
- Here we have seen clearly the movement of the satellite of the Earth Moon.
Why is the Moon called Earth's satellite? (children's answers)
2. The surface of the moon. (slide 13)
– What do you see in the picture?
- Look at the surface of the moon and tell me what it is like?
– Look at the photograph of the Moon and listen to Gianni Rodari’s poem, which your classmate will tell us… (one student says). Think what they called lunar seas.
By the moonlit sea
A special secret
It doesn't look like the sea.
There is not a drop of water in this sea,
And there are no fish either.
Into his waves
Can't dive
You can't splash in it.
You can't drown.
Swim in that sea
Convenient only for those
Who swim
Still can't do it at all!
(Students make guesses:
– Most likely, these are mountains and depressions on the surface of the moon.)
The surface of the moon is rocky and very uneven. Mountains alternate with plains covered with dust. There are many depressions on the Moon, which were formed from impacts of meteorites on its surface.
- These depressions are called craters or otherwise they are called "lunar seas".
Let's repeat this word in chorus - a crater (in chorus).
– People even gave names to these seas: the Sea of Tranquility, the Sea of Rains, the Ocean of Storms.
– So, what are “lunar seas”? (craters formed as a result of the fall of meteorites - stones that fell from space).
Fizminutka
3. Moon phases
– And now, guys, look at the fairy tale that your classmates and I have prepared for you. It's called "Why doesn't the month have a dress?" And why is it called that? (acting a fairy tale by two students)
The Crescent looked to the Tailor,
Not to the heavenly, but to the earthly.
– Sew me, master, an elegant dress,
I will walk in the sky on a holiday!
Tailor took measurements from the Crescent.
Invites him to try on.
But just for a few days
The Moon became twice as full.
Both in the shoulders and in the chest it is tight
- So the Heavenly Moon recovered!
- Almost crying with annoyance Tailor:
– What a devil played a trick on me!
Your grace is a little plump
Or from washing the matter sat down,–
I honestly don't understand...
Okay! I'll take a new sample.
Here pass for day and night,
Tailor doesn't waste a minute.
Well, the Moon is a nighttime reveler
- Became the full moon in the meantime.
He tries on a tight dress
And, sighing, he mutters curses:
– A sinner, a swindler, a villain!
– I would be ashamed of good people.
– For the last three days and three nights
The dress has become tighter and shorter!
Portnoy didn't answer.
Where can the Tailor argue with the Moon!
He took measurements from the customer again:
The dress will be ready for the holiday.
The tailor ripped the seams of the dress,
Chest expanded, extended the hem.
A little more to be done,
And the Moon is knocking on the window.
Yes, not the Moon, but a thin Sickle
- At this time, he went to the damage,
- Not the Moon, but only half:
Only horns and a round back.
The whole trembled with anger Tailor:
– No, stop joking with me!
I foolishly tried to please you.
Every day, you changed shape.
Then you became round like a pancake.
Then thin, just this arshin.
Sewing a dress for you is an empty occupation,
Stay better without a dress!
What mystery does this story reveal? (slide 14)
Why doesn't the moon have a dress? (The moon is different)
- Do you know what determines the different types of the moon?
- The different appearance of the Moon depends on how it is illuminated by the Sun invisible to us at night. The appearance of the Moon changes during the month, because it occupies a different position relative to the Sun and the Earth. Even in ancient times, people noticed that the moon changes its shape all the time. The changing shape of the moon is called phases. They exist only for us, there are no phases on the Moon. Either the Moon looks like a round plate, or it looks like a sickle, which they called the month. There is an explanation for all this. The sun is a flaming ball. It emits light. And the moon does not emit light; it is like a mirror, reflecting the light of the sun. The sun's rays illuminate it from only one side. Only this illuminated side of the Moon is visible from Earth. As the Moon moves around the Earth, the Sun illuminates it in different ways. Depending on which part of the moon is illuminated, we see it in the sky either as a whole, or as a half, or as a narrow sickle. If you watch the Moon, you will notice that the crescent of the “young”, “growing” Moon is different from the “aging” Moon. To do this, you need to connect the ends of the horns with a straight line segment and slightly extend this line down. We will get the letter “P”, i.e. the first letter of the word "growing". So we drew the young moon. And the “aging” sickle itself speaks of this, because it looks like the letter “C” - the first letter of the word “aging”.
4. Human exploration of the moon
(slide 15)- Guys, what do you think, did people dream of visiting the moon?
People have long dreamed of going to the moon. The real assault on the moon begins in 1959. In 1966, the Luna-9 station landed on the moon and transmitted a television image of the lunar landscape. In 1970, the Luna-16 station drilled and delivered lunar soil to Earth. Other countries were also engaged in the study of the moon.
- And now we will read about who managed to visit the moon. Listen carefully and remember . (one student reads)
Card (student reads) In 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin walked on the moon. They even managed to ride a lunar rover. In 1970, the first domestic self-propelled vehicle Lunokhod-1 began its movement on the surface of the Moon. A lot of craters on the Moon are caused by meteorite impacts. The moon has no atmosphere, unlike the earth. Due to the absence of an atmosphere on the surface of the moon, there are sharp temperature fluctuations. On the surface illuminated by the Sun, it rises to +130 degrees, and at night it drops to -160 degrees.
What were the names of the American astronauts who landed on the moon? ( Neil Armstrong, Edwin Aldrin)
VI. Consolidation of the studied material
(slide 16)- What did scientists - astronomers manage to find out as a result of studying the moon? (Scientists have proven that there is no air, water on the Moon, and therefore no animals and plants, etc.)
VII. Outcome
– Have we received answers to questions previously unknown to us?
- What did you learn at the lesson? (about the fact that the Moon is a satellite of the Earth, about the surface of the Moon, about the phases, about the people who conquered the moon)
We received a lot of scientific information. Is it possible to admire the moon? And we are not alone, admired the moon at all times. Artists, writers, composers dedicated their works to the Moon.
1. Listen to an excerpt from “The Tale of the Dead Princess” by A.S. Pushkin:
Month, month, my friend,
Gilded horn!
You rise in deep darkness
round-faced, light-eyed,
And, loving your custom,
The stars are watching you.
2. L Beethoven “Moonlight Sonata”. Slideshow during music.
Home Prepare a report on the Moon on behalf of an astronaut or a scientific astronomer.
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Our companion moon
Completed by: Pogrebnyak Ksenia. Grade 11. Kolybelskaya secondary school. 2007
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The first information about the moon
The MOON is perhaps the only celestial body in relation to which, since ancient times, no one had any doubts that it moves around the Earth. In the II century. BC. Hipparchus determined the inclination of the lunar orbit to the plane of the ecliptic and revealed a number of features of the motion of the moon. He created a very perfect theory of its movement for his time, as well as the theory of solar and lunar eclipses. The Moon, a natural satellite of the Earth, is located at an average distance of 384,400 km from it. Orbital inclination to the plane of the ecliptic 5 ° 8 "43", mass 7.349.1022 kg (1 / 81.3 = 0.0123 Earth masses), average radius of the Moon 1737.1 km (0.2727 Earth), acceleration of gravity on the surface 1, 62 m/s2. The average density is 3341 kg/m3, the sidereal circulation period is 27.3 days, the synodic circulation period is 29.5 days (708 hours). Shines by reflected sunlight, visual spherical albedo 0.075 (reflects 7.5% of incident sunlight). After periods of intense solar activity, individual places on the lunar surface may faintly glow under the action of luminescence. The temperature on the surface of the Moon is 100-400 K (it reaches 130°C at the equator during the day, and minus 170°C at night. It cools down to minus 100°C in 1.5 hours of the eclipse), the magnetic field is 0.4 gamma.
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Appearance
Like all planets and their satellites, the Moon shines by reflected sunlight. Usually the part of the Moon that is illuminated by the Sun is visible. The exception is the periods near the new moon, when the light reflected from the Earth weakly illuminates the dark side of the Moon, creating a picture of "the old Moon in the arms of the young."
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surface of the moon
Three main types of formations can be distinguished on the Moon: 1) seas - vast, dark and rather flat areas of the surface covered with basaltic lava. The shores of most seas are cliffs, and low shafts of tens of meters stretch along the bottom.
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Bright raised overlapping, which account for a few areas filled with many large and small round craters, often over 83% of the Moon's surface area. The surface of the "continents", which is older, is mountainous, its level is higher than that of the "seas", and the difference in average heights reaches 2.3 km. Fissures and steep canyons 1–2 km wide often stretch for hundreds of kilometers almost in a straight line. Their depth ranges from one to several hundred meters; more than a thousand of them are catalogued. These rupture cracks in the lava crust are often parallel to the edges of the seas. Some of them resemble the meanders of earthly rivers.
Continents
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mountain ranges
So familiar to us on Earth, such as the Apennines, are quite rare on the Moon and many small mountain systems are ring structures (circuses) like the one that surrounds the Copernicus crater. The main mountain ranges on the visible side of the Moon (the Apennines, the Alps and the Caucasus) were, of course, shaped by the collision that created the Sea of Rains. Concentric chains of mountains surround some other seas. Some mountains along the southern edge of the Moon are comparable in height to Everest. The maximum heights of the lunar mountains are ~ 5 km. The mountains are gentle with a slope of 15-200. More mountainous back side Moon.
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The structure and composition of the moon
The density of lunar rocks is on average 3.343 g/cm3, which is noticeably inferior to the average density for the Earth (5.518 g/cm3). Queen) - has a composition close to the composition of the "continents". The crust from the side turned to the Earth is thinner. Under the crust is the upper mantle - a layer about 250 km thick. Even deeper - the middle mantle is about 500 km thick; It is believed that it was in this layer that “marine” basalts were formed as a result of partial melting. At depths of the order of 600-800 km, that is, at the sole of the solid shell of the Moon - the lithosphere, deep-focus lunar seismic sources are located. It should be noted, however, that the natural seismic activity on the Moon is not great. The main reasons for the seismic activity of the Moon are the tidal effect of the earth and the fall of large meteorites. .
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moon craters
The largest structure on the Moon officially listed as a crater is Hertzsprung, with a diameter of 591 km, which is located on the far side of the Moon and therefore is not visible from Earth. This crater is a multi-ringed impact piece. Similar impact structures on the visible side of the Moon were later filled with lava, which solidified into dark solid rock.
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Gassendi. Lunar crater 100 km in diameter, located on the northern border of the Sea of Humidity. The crater has several peaks, and its bottom is crossed by crevasses. The Gassendi crater gained fame, in particular, in connection with the study of non-stationary phenomena on the Moon.
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Tsiolkovsky (Tsiolkovskii) A crater on the far side of the Moon, having a diameter of 180 km. The crater is half filled with dark lava through which the central peak breaks. In a hemisphere devoid of dark seas, this crater is one of the most noticeable features by contrast. The Apollo 13 astronauts photographed it on their return home as a candidate site for a future Apollo 17 landing. Then it had to be abandoned due to the difficulty of communicating with a site on the far side of the moon.
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Exploration of the moon by spacecraft
Lunar exploration was carried out by several series of spacecraft: Luna (the first three Lunnik, USSR), Ranger (USA), Surveyor ("Researcher", USA), Lunar Orbiter ("Lunar Orbiter", USA), Probe (USSR) and manned spacecraft " Apollo". The last flight under the Apollo program took place at the end of 1972, and after 4 years, the flights of the Soviet Lunars also stopped. Only two decades later, in 1990, Japan sent its artificial satellite "Khiten" to the Moon, which became the third "lunar power". Then there were two more American satellites - Clementine (1994) and Lunar Prospector (1998). Finally, in 2003, the European Space Agency launched its spacecraft.
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Garrison Schmidt, a geologist, collects lunar soil samples with an adjustable scoop. The device on the rock in the foreground provides a stable vertical.
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Apollo (Eagle lunar lander) and lunar rover.
Time spent on the moon
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moon illusion
The Moon looks much larger near the horizon than it does high up in the sky. This is an optical illusion. Psychological experiments have shown that the observer subconsciously adjusts his perception of the size of an object depending on the size of other objects in the field of view. The moon appears smaller when high in the sky and surrounded by large empty space; but when it is near the horizon, its size is easily compared to the distance between it and the horizon. Under the influence of this comparison, we unconsciously reinforce our impression of the size of the moon.
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He grew up, grew up, He was horned - he became round. Only a circle, a miracle circle, suddenly became horned again.
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In the blue village, the Maiden is chubby. She can't sleep at night - She looks in the mirror.
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The moon and the month are different celestial bodies? Do people live on the moon?
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There is not a single child among you who has not seen the moon. How do you remember her? For many millennia, people raise their heads up and see the Moon in the exact sky. She just looks different. It is round like a pancake, then it looks like a sickle. Man could not explain these phenomena. They even thought that they see different celestial bodies, so two names appeared: “moon” and “month”. But it's all the same moon. Why then do we see it so differently?
Slide 8
Why doesn't the moon have a dress? (Serbian fairy tale) I decided to make a dress for myself for a month. The tailor took his measurements and sat down to work. At the appointed time, a month came for the dress. And the dress is narrow and short. “I must have made a mistake,” says the tailor. And got back to work. At the appointed time, a month came for the dress. Again, the dress is small. - It is evident, and now I was mistaken, - said the tailor. And he began to cut and sew again. For the third time the month came to the tailor. The tailor saw: a whole month was walking across the sky, not a month, but a whole moon, and twice as wide as the dress that he had just sewn. What was a tailor to do? He took off running. I searched for it for a month, I searched, but I did not find it. So there was a month without a dress.
Slide 9
Scientists today know more about the Moon than about any other planet except the Earth. When viewed from Earth, the Moon appears to be changing shape. These various forms are called phases of the moon and they arise due to the fact that we see only the part of the moon illuminated by the sun as it moves around the earth. The moon moves around the earth and is its natural satellite. What is a satellite? A satellite is a celestial body that moves around a larger body. The natural satellites of the planets are their natural satellites, that is, those that are not created by man.
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Remember, in the lessons we said that man has created artificial satellites that he launches into space. Natural satellites are created by nature, not man. The satellite must move around a body that is larger than it is. What conclusion can we draw about the size of the Earth and the Moon?
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Correctly. The earth is larger than the moon. How much more? We see the moon as very small. Actually it is not. The Moon is only six times smaller than the Earth. For comparison, you can imagine a one-story house and a house with six floors. So the moon is huge! Earth is separated from the moon by a distance of 384,000 kilometers space rocket this distance can be covered in two or three days. Since the Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth, scientists are constantly watching it. Now any student can explain why it is so different.
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The Moon itself does not glow, it reflects light from the Sun. It is visible at night because the sun illuminates it. The moon revolves around the earth, so it looks different in the night sky. When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, the unlit half of the Moon is facing the Earth, and the Moon is not visible in the sky. This phase is called the new moon. After 2-3 days, the Moon appears in the sky in the form of a narrow sickle, bulging towards the Sun. This is a new month. It increases every day. The moon takes the form of a whole disk. This is a full moon. The Earth is already between the Sun and the Moon. Then the disk starts to decrease. The moon again becomes a crescent, but already turned in the other direction. This is the old month. Then everything repeats again.
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The moon rotates around its axis and at the same time makes its way around the Earth, since it is a satellite of our planet. It makes a revolution around the Earth in 29 and a half days. It takes the same amount of time to turn around on its axis. The earth rotates on its axis every day. Here is such a difference. We know all this thanks to scientists. How do they study the moon? What do you know about it?
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From the Earth, the Moon always sees the same thing, since the Moon is constantly facing the Earth on one side. Even with powerful binoculars, you can see some grayish spots on the moon. These spots in the old days were considered seas. It is interesting that in these "seas" there is not a drop of water. The lunar "seas" are deep depressions covered with hardened volcanic mass. The color of this mass is darker than the surrounding stones, so it is clearly visible from the Earth. Although today scientists know that there are no seas on the Moon, they decided not to change the names on the map of this planet, so you can find the Ocean of Storms, the Sea of Clouds, the Sea of Rains and many other seas there.
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The bright parts of the Moon are its mountainous regions. There are high mountain ranges on the Moon and many ring mountains - craters. Craters are large pits surrounded by hills. Some of these craters were formed when meteorites fell on the Moon. The largest craters were formed during volcanic eruptions. The largest craters have a flat bottom, like a stadium surrounded by stands.
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How is it on the moon? It's always quiet there. There is no air on the moon, so no sound is transmitted. Can a person live there, since there is no air? There is no grass or trees here either. Around one dust and stone desert. The day lasts for two weeks. Then the night lasts for two weeks. During such a long day, the surface of the moon has time to heat up to a temperature of +130 degrees. When night falls, the stones cool very quickly and the frost reaches a temperature of -170 degrees. The temperature in the sun and in the shade differs just as sharply - after all, there is no air on the Moon that would smooth out these temperature drops.
Slide 20
If we were on the moon, raised our heads and looked at the sky, we would see a picture that is unusual for us. The sky on the moon is not like the earth. It's not blue, it's black. Black day and night.
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The moon is constantly studied by lunar spacecraft. In 1959, a rocket was launched for the first time, which flew around our natural satellite and took pictures of the other side of the moon. Thanks to these images, scientists have compiled the first map of both sides of the lunar surface. It turned out that the far side of the moon is completely different from the visible one. It is almost entirely mountainous and there are only a few "seas". In 1966, the world's first rocket landed on the Earth's satellite for the first time. Over the years, many rockets have landed on the moon. Automata and cosmonauts delivered unique images and soil samples to Earth. Planet exploration continues.
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Presentation by Irina Kotova [email protected] You downloaded this presentation on the site - viki.rdf.ru http://www.junior.ru/students/sadikova/moon.gif http://www.photohost.ru/pictures/127241.jpg http://www. hitlife.net.ua/pictures/435e4c91370cbc1a.jpg http://www.llama.ru/other/mesyaz.gif http://www.turkmenistan.gov.tm/foto/science/2009/150909-1.jpg http ://kashkin.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/pia02441.jpg?w=500&h=406 http://stranamasterov.ru/files/imagecache/orig_with_logo/icraft/moon.jpg http://img0.liveinternet .ru/images/attach/c/0/42/265/42265929_space020.jpg http://i.focus.ua/img/a/8/9/61698.jpg?1251976431 http://i329.photobucket.com /albums/l362/Nemosix/ASTRONAUTIK/APOLLO11.png http://schools.keldysh.ru/sch444/projekts/2008-2/Sait/pictures/as8-14-2383c75.jpg http://img.oboz.obozrevatel .com/files/NewsPhoto/308771/163217_image_large.jpg
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