State corporation A non-profit organization that does not have membership is recognized, established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful functions. The form of state corporation appeared in Russia in 1999, when the Agency for Restructuring of Credit Institutions (ARCO) was created to help troubled banks. The return to this form occurred due to the fact that there are areas in which it is unprofitable for private businesses to invest their funds, or profit is possible, but only in the long term. And also because there was no other organizational and legal form of legal entities suitable for effective activities in performing the functions performed by state corporations: open joint-stock companies are commercial organizations and, therefore, pursue the goal of making a profit, and state unitary enterprises are characterized by insufficient efficiency and flexibility in decision making, which does not contribute to effective performance.
State corporations are created on the basis of federal law. Currently, the leading state corporations in Russia are the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services, the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation, the Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank), the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom, the State Corporation for the Construction of Olympic Facilities and the Development of the City of Sochi as a Mountain Climate resort (Olympstroy), State Corporation "Rostechnologies", Deposit Insurance Agency.
Organizational unity. In terms of its legal status, a state corporation is closest to a government agency. But it does not have constituent documents. Each state corporation is created on the basis of a special federal law that establishes the specifics of its legal status. The law must determine its name, goals of activity, location, management procedure, including the bodies of the state corporation and the procedure for their formation, the procedure for the appointment and dismissal of officials of the corporation, the procedure for the reorganization and liquidation of the corporation, the procedure for using the property of the state corporation in the event of its liquidation.
Property isolation. Property transferred to a state corporation by the Russian Federation is the property of the state corporation. In cases established by law (Article 18 of the Federal Law on the Development Bank), an authorized capital may be formed at the expense of part of the property of a state corporation, which determines the minimum amount of property of the state corporation, guaranteeing the interests of its creditors.
A state corporation uses property for the purposes determined by the law providing for the creation of a state corporation. A state corporation can carry out entrepreneurial activities only insofar as it serves the achievement of the goals for which it was created and is consistent with these goals.
A public corporation is required to publish annual reports on the use of its property in accordance with the law establishing the public corporation.
Independent property liability. A state corporation is not liable for the obligations of the Russian Federation, and the Russian Federation is not responsible for the obligations of a state corporation, unless otherwise provided by the law providing for the creation of a state corporation.
State companies were introduced into the Russian legal entity system relatively recently, in July 2009.
A state company is a non-profit organization that does not have membership and was created by the Russian Federation on the basis of property contributions to provide public services and perform other functions using state property on the basis of trust management. A state company is created on the basis of federal law (Article 7.2 of the Federal Law on Non-Profit Organizations).
Like state corporations, state companies are created on the basis of a property contribution of the Russian Federation, and are established on the basis of federal law. They can be declared insolvent (bankrupt) only if such a possibility is provided for by the federal law on their establishment.
Property transferred to a state company by the Russian Federation as property contributions, as well as property created or acquired by a state company as a result of the state company’s own activities, with the exception of property created from income received from the implementation of trust management activities, is the property of the state company, unless otherwise provided by federal law.
The main difference between a state company and a state corporation is that a state company is focused on providing public services. Currently, the State Company “Russian Highways” has been established.
State corporations play an important role in the Russian economy. They are the largest employers, ensure the development of entire industries, and in some cases even have a position close to a monopoly. And therefore they can be considered as virtually irreplaceable from the point of view of the functioning of the state’s economy. What are the most remarkable characteristics of state-owned enterprises in the Russian Federation? What are their similarities and differences with foreign organizations that have the same or similar status?
What is a public corporation?
The term “state corporation” means a non-profit institution, the assets of which belong to the Russian Federation, created for the purpose of carrying out socially significant functions, such as, for example, the fair distribution of financial resources. In practice, this function can be expressed in the fact that state corporations provide jobs with good salaries, thereby stimulating the growth of the purchasing power of the population, or, for example, in the fact that the corresponding type of institution acts as large customers for private businesses, in turn promoting , entrepreneurship development. State corporations stimulate the growth and modernization of the economy as a whole and contribute to building active international relations of the Russian Federation.
State corporations, state-owned companies and state-owned enterprises: the relationship of concepts
According to its provisions, a state company is an NPO that does not have a membership, created by the Russian Federation on the basis of property investments in order to provide government services and perform other functions when using state property in the form of trust management. In turn, a state corporation is also a non-membership non-profit organization created by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution, but to achieve social goals and to implement, as we noted above, socially significant functions. Both types of government structures are created on the basis of the publication of federal laws.
In turn, state corporations and state-owned enterprises are characterized by even more pronounced differences. The former have the status of subjects established by the government system of the Russian Federation. In turn, a state-owned enterprise is not something that is necessarily established by the state, but one in which it owns the largest share of shares. Private individuals may well be co-owners of a state-owned enterprise.
In turn, the differences between state corporations and enterprises can hardly be traced at the level of organizational and legal forms. The fact is that state corporations, in principle, can be the same business entities - open or closed - as state-owned enterprises.
Some lawyers, however, classify organizations such as federal state unitary enterprises as state corporations. State-owned enterprises in the general case can only be business entities - such a form as a unitary enterprise is, as a rule, not typical for them.
However, there are experts who prefer to distinguish between the concept of “state corporation” and federal state unitary enterprise. This is due to the fact that the former are almost completely uncontrollable and unaccountable to government bodies - an exception may be the need to periodically provide some data on the activities carried out to the Government of the Russian Federation. In turn, government agencies may have significantly more powers in terms of managing federal state unitary enterprises.
But, in general, there is a widespread point of view according to which a state corporation can be represented in any organizational and legal form. Examples of state-owned enterprises are Rosneft, Russian Railways, Rostelecom. Examples, in turn, of unitary enterprises are Russian Post, Mosgortrans, TASS agency.
One way or another, it makes sense to distinguish state-owned enterprises, state-owned corporations and state-owned companies based on their actual mechanism of establishment. Which is determined primarily by the specifics of the legal regulation of the activities of the relevant organizations.
Features of legal regulation of the activities of state corporations
Let us therefore consider the legal aspect of the activities of state corporations. First of all, it is worth noting that state corporations are subject to the jurisdiction, first of all, of civil law. That is, in transactions and other legal relations they act as a subject legally equal to the partners. However, the legal status of the relevant organizations has a number of features.
First of all, it should be noted that state corporations in Russia are established on the basis of a published federal law. An aspect of the activities of the relevant companies is that they are not obliged to answer for the emerging obligations of the Russian Federation. Conversely, the state is not responsible for the work of state corporations. An exception may be scenarios in which certain types of mutual responsibility of the Russian Federation and its owned companies are prescribed by law.
Privileges of state corporations
Another noteworthy aspect of the activities of state corporations is that the provisions of the law regulating bankruptcy are not applicable to them. In addition, the corresponding type of organization has certain privileges in terms of reporting:
- they must not disclose information about their work in the same way as business entities are required to do;
- they generally do not have instructions to send reports to government agencies, with the exception of some government agencies;
- State corporations have the right to conduct competitions within the framework of the public procurement mechanism based on independently established rules, which may not necessarily coincide with the norms approved in the legislation on public procurement.
You can also pay attention to how the bodies that manage state corporations are formed. State corporations are headed by managers in accordance with the rules, which, as in the case of the establishment of organizations of the corresponding type, are determined by a separate law. Thus, according to the provisions of a number of legal acts, in many cases the head of a state corporation can be appointed directly by the President of the Russian Federation.
When did state corporations appear in Russia?
State corporations as subjects of civil law in the Russian Federation began to appear after adjustments were made on July 8, 1999 to the Law regulating the activities of non-profit organizations. Thus, a basis has emerged for legalizing the activities of the corresponding type of institutions.
It is believed that the first state corporation in Russia was the ARKO agency, which was involved in the restructuring of banking organizations - it was registered in 1999. However, after this agency was established, state corporations for quite a long time were not the most popular organizational and legal form of business with state participation. It was only in 2007 that their popularity began to grow steadily.
The largest state corporations in Russia
What state corporations exist in Russia today? The list of such is relatively small, but it certainly cannot be considered closed. Depending on the tasks that the state sets for itself, new organizations of the appropriate type can be created and existing ones can be abolished.
Among the largest state corporations in the Russian Federation today:
- Vnesheconombank;
- "Russian Technologies";
- "Rusnano";
- "Rosatom".
It can be noted that the state corporation Olimpstroy was responsible for the construction of Olympic facilities in Sochi. The Housing and Communal Services Fund is considered a significant corporation in terms of the scale of its activities.
Prospects for state corporations in Russia
How promising is the further development of such forms of enterprises as state corporations? There are different points of view on this matter.
Thus, in the last few years, reports have appeared in the media that the corresponding organizational and legal form of enterprise activity is planned to be abolished. In particular, one of the concepts for improving legislation regulating the activities of legal entities included theses on the need to consider the transformation of state corporations into other types of organizational and legal forms of enterprises. At the same time, the privileges that state corporations have in accordance with current legislation were supposed to be canceled.
But so far state corporations are operating successfully. True, their activities are closely monitored by the government, which seeks to improve the efficiency of the relevant organizations. In particular, the current remuneration systems for employees of state-owned enterprises are being adjusted quite actively.
There are, for example, proposals to link compensation for employees of relevant organizations to the actual results of labor. There are initiatives according to which the powers of employees of state corporations are supposed to be brought closer to those that characterize the activities of civil servants. Similarly, it was planned to impose additional restrictions on specialists of state-owned companies, in particular those related to the possibility of conducting commercial activities.
Industry specifics of the development of state corporations
There are theses that the activities of state corporations should be regulated based on the specifics of a particular segment of their activities. Thus, financial state corporations may be more compatible with legal acts that strictly regulate their activities. Innovative state corporations, in turn, may not be so acceptable to be strictly regulated.
Similarly, the sectoral approach can be adapted to the activities of other structures, such as, for example, the fund responsible for the development of housing and communal services. State corporations, therefore, as forms of activity remain relevant and, as many analysts believe, have good development prospects.
Specifics of foreign state corporations
Having studied the specifics of the activities of state corporations of the Russian Federation, we will consider how the corresponding types of enterprises operate abroad. The establishment of such organizations is, of course, not only envisaged by the Russian political system. There are state corporations in many countries around the world. For example, in the USA.
Among the most famous American state corporations is Amtrak. This company provides services in the field of passenger transportation on US railways. It was established in 1971. It is noteworthy that Russian and American state corporations are to some extent similar in such an aspect as creation - state corporations in both countries are formed on the basis of adopted regulations. Thus, Amtrak was established by resolution of the US Congress.
Another large American state corporation is OPIC, which invests in foreign projects. Like Amtrak, it was founded in 1971. Some experts view it as an agency accountable to the US government - in this aspect we can trace the difference between Russian and American organizations of the corresponding type. Although they have some similarities in creation, US public corporations may be more accountable to government authorities. In turn, according to the law, state corporations of the Russian Federation, as we know, are less dependent on the public administration system.
By the way, it can be noted that the classification of organizations of the corresponding type in the United States is carried out according to a more complex scheme than in the Russian Federation. For example, in America there are state corporations sponsored by the government; in Russia their direct analogue is not defined at the level of federal legislation.
Summary
So, we have examined the essence of the concept of “state corporations”. We also studied examples and characteristics of relevant institutions. What conclusions can we draw?
First of all, it should be understood that a state corporation and a state enterprise are not the same thing. The concept of a state-owned company is quite close in meaning to the first term. In particular, both types of organizations are regulated by the same law. However, it is worth noting that the terms we studied, such as “state corporation”, “state enterprise”, as well as “state company”, are often considered synonymous. From a legal point of view, this is not entirely correct, but in general it is acceptable due to the fact that the corresponding concepts are really very close.
State corporations in Russia, the list of which is quite regularly adjusted, according to the priorities and dynamics of the legislative activity of the authorities, are, despite theses about the possibility of abolishing the corresponding type of legal entities, a fairly promising form of enterprise operation.
However, the successful development of state corporations in the Russian Federation largely depends on the quality of regulatory legislation, especially in terms of determining criteria for the performance of these organizations. A popular approach is according to which the performance of state corporations should be assessed on an industry-by-sector basis, based on a specific segment of the institution’s activities. There are also widespread theses about the need to bring the schemes for regulating the activities of state corporations closer to those that characterize the work of the authorities themselves.
State corporations are successfully developing not only in Russia, but also abroad. In particular, a large number of institutions of this type operate in the United States. At the same time, their status may have both signs of similarity with what characterizes Russian state corporations, and significant differences regarding the model of operation of state enterprises of the Russian Federation.
State corporation
State corporation (GK) - organizational and legal form of non-profit organizations in Russia. A state corporation is recognized as a non-profit organization that does not have membership, established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful functions. A feature of the status of state corporations is significantly less control by government agencies, weak requirements for disclosing information about their activities and the impossibility of bankruptcy.
Features of legal status
- request the corporation's management bodies for their administrative documents;
- request and receive information about the financial and economic activities of the corporation from state statistics bodies, the federal executive body authorized for control and supervision in the field of taxes and fees, and other government supervision and control bodies, as well as from credit and other financial organizations;
- send representatives to participate in events held by the corporation;
- carry out inspections of the compliance of the corporation’s activities, including the expenditure of funds and the use of other property, with the purposes provided for by its constituent documents, in the manner determined by the federal executive body exercising the functions of legal regulation in the field of justice;
- in the event of a violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation or the commission of actions by the corporation that are contrary to the goals provided for by its constituent documents, issue it a written warning indicating the violation and the deadline for its elimination;
- establish the conformity of the expenditure of funds and the use of other property by corporations with the purposes provided for by their constituent documents.
- State corporations are not subject to the provisions of Federal Law No. 127-FZ “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)”. But if a state corporation uses state land, then there are formal grounds for control by the Accounts Chamber. For example: “monitoring the effectiveness and compliance with the intended use of state property (land plots) used by the Civil Code...” In addition, Article 12 of the Federal Law “On the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation” includes organizations in the scope of control powers, in terms of the tax and customs rights provided to them and other benefits and advantages. The procedure for forming a state corporation, that is, the property contribution of the Russian Federation, is the advantage on the basis of which these organizations are subject to control by the Accounts Chamber of the Russian Federation. The subject of control is the effectiveness of managing the property contribution of the Russian Federation.
- State corporations are not subject to the provisions of Federal Law No. 94-FZ on public procurement, which allows state corporations to hold competitions and auctions for the purchase of goods, works and services in any order.
- Control over the activities of the Civil Code is carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation on the basis of the annual submission by the corporation of an annual report, an auditor’s report on accounting and financial (accounting) statements, as well as the conclusion of the audit commission based on the results of an audit of the financial (accounting) statements and other documents of the corporation. Any other federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government bodies do not have the right to interfere in the activities of corporations. The Civil Code is not obliged to publish these reports.
- The specifics of the legal status of a state corporation, including the procedure for appointing a director, are established by law providing for the creation of a state corporation (according to most laws of this kind, the head of a civil corporation is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation).
In the second half of 2007, the process of creating various state corporations accelerated; in particular, the state corporations "", "Rostechnologies", "Rosnanotech", and "Olympstroy" were created or planned to be created. The Development Bank (former VEB) was created in the form of a State Corporation. “” was created in the form of a state corporation. A number of officials and politicians spoke in favor of creating state corporations in the fields of fisheries, housing construction, road construction, drug supply, and machine tool manufacturing. At the same time, the state-owned “United Aircraft Corporation” and “United Shipbuilding Corporation” were created in the form of an OJSC, not a state corporation.
List of state corporations of Russia
| Name | Federal laws defining legal status |
Supervisor | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|
| State Corporation - Deposit Insurance Agency | Federal Law of December 23, 2003 No. 177-FZ “On insurance of deposits of individuals in banks of the Russian Federation” | General Director - Alexander Vladimirovich Turbanov (appointed by the Agency’s board of directors in February 2004) | |
| State Corporation "Bank for Development and Foreign Economic Affairs (Vnesheconombank)" | Federal Law of May 17, 2007 No. 82-FZ “On the Development Bank” | Chairman - Vladimir Aleksandrovich Dmitriev (appointed by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 18, 2007 No. 771) | |
| State Corporation "Russian Nanotechnology Corporation". | Federal Law of July 19, 2007 No. 139-FZ “On the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation” | General Directors:
|
According to the order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 17, 2010 No. 2287-p, the Russian Nanotechnology Corporation was the first of the state corporations to complete the reorganization and, on March 11, 2011, was re-registered as the open joint-stock company RUSNANO. |
| State Corporation - Fund for Assistance to Reform of Housing and Communal Services | Federal Law of July 21, 2007 No. 185-FZ “On the Fund for Assistance to the Reform of Housing and Communal Services” | General Director - Konstantin Georgievich Tsitsin (appointed by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 29, 2007 No. 1519-r) | The fund is valid until January 1, 2013 |
| State Corporation for the construction of Olympic facilities and the development of the city of Sochi as a mountain climatic resort | Federal Law of October 30, 2007 No. 238-FZ “On the State Corporation for the Construction of Olympic Facilities and the Development of the City of Sochi as a Mountain Climatic Resort” | Presidents:
|
The organization will cease its activities after solving its statutory tasks |
| State Corporation for Promoting the Development, Production and Export of High-Tech Industrial Products "Rostechnologies" | Federal Law of November 23, 2007 No. 270-FZ “On the State Corporation “Russian Technologies”” | General Director - Chemezov Sergey Viktorovich (appointed by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 26, 2007 No. 1575) | |
| State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom" | Federal Law of December 1, 2007 No. 317-FZ “On the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom” | General Director - Sergey Vladilenovich Kiriyenko (appointed by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 12, 2007 No. 1663) | In November 2011, the Rosatom Board approved the Rosatom strategy until 2030. According to the updated strategy, a new course has been taken. “The strategic goal of Rosatom is global technological leadership. The main resources of the industry are directed towards this” (Head of the Strategy and Investment Block of Rosatom Igor Karavaev). |
Story
The organizational and legal form of a “state corporation” appeared in Russian legislation in 1999. In May 2007, major changes were made to the legislation, which in each specific case provided them with special powers and special working conditions.
In his opinion:
“Instead of separating the state apparatus from the economy, entire segments of executive power are being transformed into special types of economic activity based on the exploitation of power. Instead of “increasing Russia’s competitiveness on the world stage,” this direction of lawmaking will mean a conscious attempt to archaize the Russian state.”
It is worth mentioning the existence of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “State Corporation for Air Traffic Management in the Russian Federation”, formed by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation for the purpose of ensuring the safety and regularity of civil aviation flights and the formation of a unified economic system for air traffic management. In other words, the name “state corporation” is applicable only to an organization created by virtue of a separate federal law and in the legal form of a non-profit organization.
In March 2009, the Presidential Council for the Codification and Improvement of Civil Legislation proposed to abolish state corporations as a form of legal entities, proposing to transform them into other forms of legal entities that do not have a special status and special privileges.
In July 2009, a form of “state company” appeared, almost identical to the state corporation (Avtodor).
see also
Notes
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See what a “State Corporation” is in other dictionaries:
STATE CORPORATION, a non-profit organization established by public authorities on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial, and publicly useful functions. In Russian federation… … encyclopedic Dictionary
A non-profit organization established by public authorities on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial, and publicly useful functions. In the Russian Federation, state corporations... ... Political science. Dictionary.
- (public corporation) A state-owned company organized for the purpose of providing a service nationwide (for example, the British Broadcasting Corporation - BBC) or to manage a nationalized industry (for example, the British Coal ... Financial Dictionary
state corporation- A public company organized for the purpose of providing a national service (for example, the British Broadcasting Corporation BBC) or to manage a nationalized industry (for example, the British Coal Corporation, formerly ... ... Technical Translator's Guide
- (public corporation) A state-owned company organized to provide a national service (for example, the BBC) or to manage a nationalized industry (for example, the British Coal Corporation), ... ... Dictionary of business terms
A non-profit organization that does not have membership, established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful functions. Created on the basis of federal law. Property,… … Legal dictionary
- (public corporation) The organizational form of companies in nationalized industries in the UK. State-owned corporations were supposed to act in the public interest using government-provided capital, but... ... Economic dictionary
State corporation- in the Russian Federation, a form of non-profit organization that does not have membership, established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful functions. G.k. created on the basis of the federal... ... Encyclopedia of Law
State corporation- 1. A state corporation is recognized as a non-profit organization that does not have membership, established by the Russian Federation on the basis of a property contribution and created to carry out social, managerial or other socially useful... ... Official terminology
STATE CORPORATION- (public corporation) a state-owned company organized for the purpose of providing services nationwide or managing nationalized industries. So, for example, in the UK the company that manages the coal industry is called... ... Foreign economic explanatory dictionary
The economy of any state is based on the development of various enterprises, which, through their tax contributions to the country’s treasury, ultimately form a positive balance. The presence of money in a country, in turn, is the key to a successful life for the population, a guarantee of security, the integrity of the country, and its stable development. State-owned companies have been considered one of the main sources of income at all times in developed countries, a list of which we will consider in detail with you in this article. These enterprises play a significant role in the national economy, and sometimes even occupy leading positions in their niche.
Definition of a state company
These financial organizations can be quite different in their capabilities, but in general they have certain similarities. So, a state company is an organization that can have any organizational and legal form. At the same time, its fixed assets are owned either directly by the state or by the municipality. Managers are appointed to their posts (hired by authorities. It is worth noting this fact: a state-owned company is always guided not only by the search for sources of the greatest income, but also strives to satisfy the needs of society as much as possible, because the very name of the organization described indicates that the state is the main element acting both as a creator and a consumer.
Main provisions
Any state company:
Rights
A state company, based on legislation, can:
- Open your own additional representative offices and create various branches.
- Be a member of associations and other associations of organizations.
- Conclude legal contracts.
- Have your own symbols (pennants, flags, emblems, other symbols) and regulate the order of their placement and use on your facilities and vehicles.
Main advantages for the employee
Often, a state-owned company, the advantages of which will be indicated below, is not able to offer high wages for its personnel unit (the only exception may be senior managers). At the same time, work for such an organization will take place clearly in strict accordance with the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In turn, for an ordinary person this will mean that:
It is also important that for job seekers, a state company puts forward less stringent age requirements than any private structure. This is especially true for people over forty, who by modern standards are at risk in terms of employment.
Western trends
In many Western parts of our planet, for quite some time there has been a characteristic stable feature, which is as follows: young people initially build their careers and provide themselves with a good material base for the future in private firms and enterprises. After this, at the age of approximately 40-45 years, they change jobs and move to state-owned companies, the features of which, in turn, allow a person to relax somewhat, because in such organizations there is less energy consumption for the employee, as well as good pension and social security, which has a beneficial effect on quality and life expectancy. In addition, state-owned companies extremely rarely advertise their vacancies on the Internet and most often work closely with various labor exchanges and municipal services.
Creation Rules
The creation of a state company is regulated by law. In this case, it is imperative to form a board of directors (supervisory board) of the company (both are the highest governing body).
This governing body of the organization can decide the following issues:
- Approve the company's activity program for a long period of time. This document must provide for the fulfillment of production, financial, and investment indicators, if established by federal law.
- Approve the principle of remuneration for employees, which should provide for the dependence of wages on the level of achievement of key indicators of effective performance.
- Determine the procedure for using the company's profits.
- Make decisions on the transfer of part of the organization’s material property to the state treasury of the Russian Federation.
Also, the highest body has the right to form special committees and commissions to resolve various issues. The procedure for the activities of the created structures and their personal and quantitative composition are determined by a separate resolution of the supervisory board.
State-owned companies in the country's economy
State-owned companies of Russia occupy leading positions in many sectors of the national economy of the Federation. However, there are industries where the presence of government organizations is very insignificant (for example, light and food industries).
Only 9% belongs to government agencies in the production of alcoholic products. This became possible only thanks to Tatspirtprom and Bashspirt.
The same rather low figure - 9% - is typical for state-owned companies in construction.
The degree of penetration of government influence into the pulp and paper industry is about 12%. Only one state enterprise contributes income to the treasury - FSUE Gosznak. The main assets in this area have been owned by private enterprises and firms for many years.
The telecommunications sector is subject to government influence by only 14%. The main government organization here is Rostelecom. On April 1, 2011, eight regional companies of Svyazinvest and a number of federal state unitary enterprises were merged into it.
State participation in the production of cars, semi-trailers and trailers is 17%, and in the creation of equipment and mechanisms - 15%.
Extremely weak positions of state influence in the extraction of various metal ores and metallurgy. Here state-owned companies have only 3% of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry. At the same time, the ferrous metallurgy industry is completely owned by private individuals.
Oil production. The country controls 23% of the industry. State control occurs thanks to the assets of Rosneft and Gazpromneft.
The electric power industry is 35% owned by government agencies. The main share falls on the Moscow region (Mosenergo, MOESK) and federal structures.
Considering that the state owns more than half of Gazprom's shares, the country's control of the gas production industry is 48%.
57% - this is exactly how much belongs to state-owned companies in the production of various ships, space and aircraft. The state's position is very strong in the Ufa Engine Production Association, the Kazan Helicopter City of Ulan-Ude, and the United Shipbuilding Company.
Large state-owned companies have the strongest influence in the transport industry - 73%. Here railways, oil and gas pipelines come to the fore. Railway transport is managed by Russian Railways OJSC, which is wholly owned by the state. Oil pipelines are under the control of Transneft, and gas pipelines are under the control of Gazprom.
Road monopolist
The state company "Russian Highways" was created and operates solely for the purpose of performing the functions of the customer in the process of design, construction, reconstruction, major repairs and maintenance of highways. The company is also involved in (including managing traffic flows), providing the required level of services (speed, comfort, safety), collecting tolls on toll roads, monitoring the safety of roads, and assessing the transport and operational characteristics of roads. In addition, the government entity provides consulting, engineering and other services in its established field of activity. Her responsibilities also include printing activities aimed at creating an atlas of roads of the Russian Federation. The company also creates, implements and applies innovative mechanisms for regulating traffic flows, and keeps records of accident rates on highways. At the same time, the organization has the right to nominate its employees operating in the field of road construction for state awards.
It was decided to create a state company on July 17, 2009. The basis of its work is the Federal Law signed by Dmitry Medved.
In 2014, the state company “Russian Highways” reached an agreement with the Russian Direct Investment Fund regarding the joint attraction of investors in various projects in the field. This agreement made it possible to increase the volume of construction of new highways in the country under state control. The contract made it possible to attract at least 25% of project financing from leading foreign investors.
On June 24, 2016, negotiations of the Intergovernmental Russian-Chinese Commission on Investment Cooperation were held in Beijing, in which Avtodor Chairman Sergei Kelbakh took part. The result of the meeting was the approval of a list of priority projects for the development of automobile infrastructure. Thus, in particular, special attention was paid to the construction of the Europe - Western China route. The project is part of the expressway backbone network. In this global construction project, the Russian state company is the contractor that will have to build about 2.3 thousand kilometers of roads. The project includes two phases. The first is 567 kilometers of the M-11 expressway (Moscow - St. Petersburg). The second stage is from the Central Ring Road to the border with the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Giants of Russian open spaces
The largest state-owned companies in Russia are, of course, those organizations that largely determine the economic condition of the entire country. Therefore, it would be quite appropriate to consider a list of these titans. Among them are:
- "Russian Technologies".
- "Rosatom".
- "RusHydro".
- Federal Grid Company of the Unified Energy System.
- "Rosneft".
- "Gazprom".
- "Transneft".
- RAO "Energy Systems of the East".
- Aeroflot.
- "United Aircraft Corporation".
- "Russian Railways".
- "Almaz-Antey".
- "United Shipbuilding Corporation".
- Tactical Missiles Corporation.
- "AvtoVAZ".
- Military-industrial corporation "Research and Production Association of Mechanical Engineering".
- Rocket and space corporation "Energia" named after S.P. Korolev.
- Joint Stock Company "Alrosa".
- "Vega".
- Concern "Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor".
- Center for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technology.
- "Roskhimzashchita".
- "Research and Production Corporation "Uralvagonzavod" named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky."
- Concern "Okeanpribor".
- "Information satellite systems" named after academician M. F. Reshetnev.
- United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom".
- "Microgen".
- FSUE "Space Communications".
- FSUE "Russian Post".
- FSUE "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network".
- Irkutsk JSC Energy and Electrification.
- System operator of the Unified Energy System.
- Sheremetyevo International Airport.
- Koltsovo Airport.
All of these largest state-owned companies in Russia are under the control of federal executive authorities and the Commission on High Technologies and Innovations. This is done with the aim of developing and implementing innovative development programs.
Largest government involvement
- United Aircraft Corporation (UAC). The state-owned company is involved in the mechanical engineering sector. The state owns 93.4% of the shares. The corporation was born in 2006. Initially, 100% of the shares were owned by government agencies, but in 2009, part of the shares were sold to private individuals.
- Alrosa is the largest diamond producer in the country. The state owns 90.9% of the shares.
- "Tattelecom". The authorities do not own the company directly, but through the Svyazinvestneftekhim holding company. At the same time, 87.2% of the shares are controlled by the state.
- Rosneft is under close government scrutiny. The state holds 82% of the shares.
- The energy company "UES" is mostly under the jurisdiction of the Federal Property Management Agency (79.55%).
- "Transneft". 78.11% of the existing authorized capital is the property of the state.
- VTB Bank. Rosimushchestvo bought 75.5% of the shares.
- "Kubanenergo" The energy enterprise responsible for providing electricity to the Sochi Olympic venues is 70% owned by the state.
- "RusHydro". The share of the Federal Property Management Agency in the company is 60.5%.
- "Inter RAO" The country owns almost 60% of the shares.
- Aeroflot is a full member of the SkyTeam aviation alliance, 51.17% of the shares of which belong to the state.
In conclusion, we note: we hope that this article was able to help you understand which companies are state-owned today, what are their main positive qualities and what is their share of participation in the development of Russia.
APPROVED
decision of the Government Commission
on high technologies and innovations
dated August 3, 2010, protocol No. 4
TRANSPARENCY
joint stock companies with state participation, state corporations, federal
state unitary enterprises developing innovative development programs
Group 1- companies in respect of which monitoring of the development and implementation of innovative development programs is carried out by the Government Commission on High Technologies and Innovations
|
Company name | |
|
State Corporation "Rosatom" | |
|
State Corporation "Russian Technologies" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "RusHydro" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Federal Grid Company of the Unified Energy System" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "IDGC Holding" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Oil Company "Rosneft" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Gazprom" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Joint Stock Company for Transport oil "Transneft" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "RAO Energy Systems of the East" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Aeroflot - Russian Airlines" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "United Aircraft Corporation" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Modern Commercial Fleet" ("Sovcomflot") |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Russian Railways" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern Air Defense "Almaz-Antey" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "United Shipbuilding Corporation" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Avtovaz" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Military-Industrial Corporation "Research and Production Association of Mechanical Engineering" |
Roscosmos |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Rocket and Space Corporation "Energia" named after S.P. Korolev" |
Roscosmos |
|
FSUE "GKNPTs named after M.V. Khrunichev" |
Roscosmos |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Investment Communications Company" |
Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia |
|
Closed Joint Stock Company "Joint Stock Company "Alrosa" |
Ministry of Finance of Russia |
Group 2- companies in respect of which monitoring of the development and implementation of innovative development programs is carried out by federal executive authorities
|
Company name |
Federal executive body (industry department) |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Radio Engineering Concern "Vega" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern "Sozvezdie" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern "Marine Underwater Weapons - Gidropribor" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Center for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Technology" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern" Research and Production Association "Aurora" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Corporation "Roskhimzashchita" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern "Okeanpribor" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Concern "Morinformsystem - Agat" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Research and Production Corporation "Uralvagonzavod" named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Information Satellite Systems" named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev" |
Roscosmos |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "NPO Energomash named after Academician V.P. Glushko" |
Roscosmos |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Novorossiysk Commercial Sea Port" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Murmansk Sea Trade Port" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Airport Koltsovo" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "SG-Trans" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
FSUE "Rosmorport" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Sheremetyevo International Airport" |
Ministry of Transport of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "System Operator of the Unified Energy System" |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
Irkutsk Open Joint-Stock Company of Energy and Electrification |
Ministry of Energy of Russia |
|
FSUE "Space Communications" |
Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia |
|
FSUE "Russian Post" |
Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia |
|
FSUE "Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network" |
Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia |
|
FSUE "Research and Production Association for Medical Immunobiological Preparations "Microgen" |
Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "Oboronservis" |
Russian Ministry of Defense |
|
Open Joint Stock Company "United Industrial Corporation "Oboronprom" |
Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia |
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