Before the war, only two types of soap were produced in the USSR: “marble” laundry soap in huge pieces and “Egg”, which was cut into tiny pieces the size of a quarter. matchbox and were given out in the baths, which gave rise to a joke: “But I wanted to wash myself completely...”
After the war, the range expanded slightly. “Strawberry” was considered the most fragrant. “Coniferous” was intended for hands. For a bath - accordingly, “Bath”. For washing - “Household. For dandruff - “Tar”.
The idea of producing soap intended for washing children appeared much later than the idea of toilet and laundry soap. It was created on the recommendation of doctors who came to the conclusion that ordinary alkaline-based soap has an adverse effect on the skin of babies. Alkaline substances and chemicals. Included in toilet soap, destroy the protective film on the baby’s skin and, as a result, lead to allergic reactions, inflammation and irritation.
Special baby soap does not contain any chemicals or perfume additives - only useful things: lanolin, glycerin, vegetable oils. This soap was not only used to wash children, but also to wash children’s diapers and undershirts. It was easily washed off, and after it the laundry became soft and did not smell of perfume.
Sometimes the Svoboda factory's baby soap was used, for example, by numismatists. They rubbed it on a fine grater, made a saturated soap solution and dropped especially dirty coins into it. In general, in a decent house there should have been a special soap grater, because, for example, for washing in a washing machine and for washing dishes, the housewife rubbed laundry soap on it.
The same operation was performed when preparing to wash the windows. So Soviet children's soap can be considered universal and multifunctional.
Natalia Vishnyakova
Laundry soap became one of the first domestic products that had to be produced in accordance with the all-Union standard (OST). OSTs were approved by the Committee on Standardization under the Council of Labor and Defense, publishing the first standards in 1926 in the journal “Bulletin of Standardization”. In it, along with a report on the OST for laundry soap, all-Union standards for wheat, ferrous metals, smoking shag, matches and other essential goods were presented. Moreover, the question of standardizing the production of laundry soap arose almost two years earlier - in the fall of 1924, because the quality of Soviet soap did not suit either the state apparatus or ordinary citizens.
To develop a standard for the production of laundry soap, a special Commission was established. She had to study the best pre-war domestic soaps; then test samples existing on the market at that time; and compare the results. And based on the data obtained, and taking into account the fats available in the Soviet Union, determine the optimal mixture for the production of such laundry soap that would satisfy the needs of consumers.
The report, in which the OST for soap was submitted for approval, contained the results of a study of Western production experience and a comparison of the Soviet product with foreign ones. In Germany at that time there were about 30 varieties of soap, in the USSR - no more than five. Soap consumption per capita in the Soviet Union was several times lower, and clothes were washed mainly by hand. In the West - in Germany and the USA - at that time almost 50% of soaps were liquid, while in Russia 90% of the soap presented were
For reference:
An important detail - in the first soap production standard it was noted that soap should be produced without packaging, since it does not provide any advantages, but makes production more expensive.
For modern laundry soap in Russia, GOST is used - an interstate standard - and in its current form it is very different from what it was almost a century ago. Currently, a list of 21 raw materials has been approved for the production of laundry soap. The list of raw materials also includes a list of auxiliary substances used in making soap, and there are also strict requirements for packaging and transportation.
The requirement for laundry soap remained unchanged from the first OST appearance: It should still be hard and dry to the touch, with a clear surface and without an unpleasant odor.
Based on materials from the press service of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Standardinform"
Laundry soap. The block is a menacing brownish-gray color or the color of a child's surprise, flaking and smelling bad. This is the opinion that modern housewives have about the universal miracle remedy originally from the USSR. There are anecdotes about laundry soap, such as the joke about the deadly effect on bacteria of just the type of bar of soap and its relationship with city dogs. And it is in every home. Why is laundry soap useful?
First of all, it is hypoallergenic and anti-allergenic. The composition of this soap is simple: natural animal fats and sodium salt. Based on it, adding various fragrances and dyes, you can get other types of soap. How is it useful in everyday life?
For cuts and burns, treat the affected area with laundry soap; simply soap the wound or burn. If you are bitten by a dog or scratched by a cat, foam of laundry soap is the first remedy. The antiviral properties of soap should be used during epidemics of acute respiratory infections and influenza. Lubricate your nose with soap foam and let it dry - soap will perfectly protect against illness. When a runny nose begins, also lubricate your nose with foam - it will go away. Laundry soap fights fungal foot diseases and also effectively prevents them. Wash your feet regularly with soap, and after visiting a public bath or swimming pool, rinse them thoroughly, leaving the foam for 1-2 minutes.
Soap will also help with more serious health problems. For hemorrhoids, wash with laundry soap, carefully straightening the bumps. For thrush, vaginitis and sexually transmitted infections, it is useful to wash yourself with laundry soap. It will locally help in the fight against infection, and will also relieve itching, redness, and have disinfectant and protective properties. Laundry soap can be used to form candles for constipation; its relaxing properties were used in Soviet medicine. This product is absolutely safe and suitable even for the little ones.
Laundry soap has long been the guardian of beauty. Now ladies will grimace, but laundry soap perfectly takes care of skin and hair. It is great for washing hair. Whip the soap into foam and rinse your scalp with massaging movements. Rinse off the product. It is great to rinse your hair with water and apple cider vinegar or lemon juice. For problem skin, laundry soap is an effective healer. Wash your face 2 times a day with laundry soap, be sure to use baby cream or other organic cream afterwards. The effect of such washing is that acne goes away, the skin is noticeably cleansed and smoothed, acquires normal oiliness and an even color. Laundry soap slows down skin aging. Use soap instead of gels - after a while you will forget about dry and flaky skin.
Laundry soap truly guards beauty and health. Despite its oblivion, the effectiveness of this miracle product has been confirmed by generations and more and more women are choosing ordinary laundry soap instead of branded, newfangled personal care products.
The rumor that stray dogs were used to produce laundry soap was actively circulated by citizens of the Soviet Union. That's why employees special services Even children were afraid and hated those involved in catching stray animals. However, were dogs really allowed to be washed in the USSR?
Animal fats
The composition of laundry soap has not changed for many years. According to GOST 30266-95, the basis of soap is alkali and fatty acids of animal fat (GOST 30266-95, 4.3 Requirements for raw materials and auxiliary materials). The percentages indicated on the bar are indicators of the content of these same fatty acids: 72%, 70% and 65% (GOST 30266-95, 4.5 Labeling). What are animal fats and how are they obtained?
According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, animal fats are a product obtained from animal tissue. As an example, this publication uses beef and lamb fats. In addition, the encyclopedia also talks about liquid animal fats, which are part of the tissues of marine mammals and fish. The article does not mention any domestic animals, in particular dogs.
Journalistic investigation
On the Sputnik FM radio in Ufa there is a project called “Lilya is looking for the truth,” led by journalist Liliya Shakirova. The main goal of this project is to refute the rumors and speculation that the Internet is filled with today. In search of an answer to the question of whether it was true that dogs were (and are still being made) the basis for laundry soap, Shakirova and her colleagues called several factories specializing in the production of such products.
Employees of the enterprises assured journalists that animal fat is indeed used in the production of soap, but not dog fat, but beef and pork. Experts said that dog fat is not suitable for making laundry soap. But even if it were suitable, dogs do not have as much of it as required. Therefore, there would be more losses when using dog raw materials than when using pork or cow raw materials.
Fight against stray animals
Thus, the rumor that dogs were used to make soap was not confirmed. Where did such speculation come from? Most likely, they were associated with the active struggle of the Soviet authorities against stray animals, or rather with the diseases they spread. All ownerless cats and dogs were subject to capture and destruction. Moreover, ordinary citizens could even earn extra money from this. For example, you could get about 1 ruble for a stray dog. Perhaps this is why the rumor about soap making from pets was born.
One of the first documents aimed at eliminating rabies is the decree of October 1, 1928 “On measures to combat rabies in dogs.” Paragraph 2 of this document states that all captured dogs are subject to destruction. There is no mention of any use of their fabrics for soap production. However, already in the 3rd paragraph of the resolution it is said: “In areas where there are recycling plants and special institutions, the corpses of destroyed dogs are to be sent to these institutions for disposal for industrial purposes.” What kind of industrial purpose this is is not indicated in the document.
The rumor that stray dogs were used to produce laundry soap was actively circulated by citizens of the Soviet Union. That is why even children feared and hated the employees of special services involved in catching stray animals. However, were dogs really allowed to be washed in the USSR?
Animal fats
The composition of laundry soap has not changed for many years. According to GOST 30266-95, the basis of soap is alkali and fatty acids of animal fat (GOST 30266-95, 4.3 Requirements for raw materials and auxiliary materials). The percentages indicated on the bar are indicators of the content of these same fatty acids: 72%, 70% and 65% (GOST 30266-95, 4.5 Labeling). What are animal fats and how are they obtained?
According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, animal fats are a product obtained from animal tissue. As an example, this publication uses beef and lamb fats. In addition, the encyclopedia also talks about liquid animal fats, which are part of the tissues of marine mammals and fish. The article does not mention any domestic animals, in particular dogs.
Journalistic investigation
On the Sputnik FM radio in Ufa there is a project called “Lilya is looking for the truth,” led by journalist Liliya Shakirova. The main goal of this project is to refute the rumors and speculation that the Internet is filled with today. In search of an answer to the question of whether it was true that dogs were (and are still being made) the basis for laundry soap, Shakirova and her colleagues called several factories specializing in the production of such products.
Employees of the enterprises assured journalists that animal fat is indeed used in the production of soap, but not dog fat, but beef and pork. Experts said that dog fat is not suitable for making laundry soap. But even if it were suitable, dogs do not have as much of it as required. Therefore, there would be more losses when using dog raw materials than when using pork or cow raw materials.
Fight against stray animals
Thus, the rumor that dogs were used to make soap was not confirmed. Where did such speculation come from? Most likely, they were associated with the active struggle of the Soviet authorities against stray animals, or rather with the diseases they spread. All ownerless cats and dogs were subject to capture and destruction. Moreover, ordinary citizens could even earn extra money from this. For example, you could get about 1 ruble for a stray dog. Perhaps this is why the rumor about soap making from pets was born.
One of the first documents aimed at eliminating rabies is the decree of October 1, 1928 “On measures to combat rabies in dogs.” Paragraph 2 of this document states that all captured dogs are subject to destruction. There is no mention of any use of their fabrics for soap production. However, already in the 3rd paragraph of the resolution it is stated: “In areas where there are recycling plants and special institutions, the corpses of destroyed dogs must be sent to these institutions for disposal for industrial purposes.” What kind of industrial purpose this is is not indicated in the document.
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