The car and its role in human life - the history of vehicles is rooted in the distant past, when a person tamed a horse, realizing what was on it
He can travel long distances. The thirst for knowledge of the world, the desire to see the unknown distances forced people to look for ways and means to move around the Earth faster. Horses, camels, mules, oxen have served people as a vehicle for thousands of years. Late XIX century gave people a car, and for more than a hundred years this vehicle has not lost its popularity, but, on the contrary, is in even greater demand among the townsfolk. Undoubtedly, a personal car provides many advantages: independence from public transport, from the schedule of electric trains, trains, flights. Traveling long distances saves money - 5 people ride in a car for the cost of fuel. For example, for 1000 kilometers you need to spend gasoline for 3200 rubles, and on the train for 5 you have to pay 10-12 thousand. There is an economic benefit of operating a car, provided that it is not an old wreck that requires constant repair, but reliable and strong.
But consider other aspects of the use of vehicles. Most negative consequence its exploitation is the death of people. Every day people die on the roads in car accidents, the statistics are simply amazing by the scale of human casualties. Despite tightening laws and regulations, the number of accidents with human casualties is not decreasing. Unfortunately, every day the scrolling line of the TV screen mercilessly reports new victims of car accidents. This is one of the most negative aspects of using cars.
In recent years, we have become witnesses and, in part, participants in various natural disasters: hurricanes, tornadoes, storms and tsunamis, unprecedented frosts and merciless heat. Climate scientists have already concluded that the "greenhouse effect" plays a role in climate change. Of course, in its creation a significant role belongs to cars that produce exhaust gases. Residents of megacities feel the negative impact of these emissions: chronic fatigue, headaches, asthma - this is an incomplete list of common diseases of city dwellers. Another scourge that hits the health of motorists is physical inactivity, which has engulfed the modern population from 18 to 70 years old. How many young men aged 30-35 have to be seen, with difficulty getting out of cars, breathing heavily, with their bellies protruding forward, with swollen faces. Often this is the result of a sedentary lifestyle, many hours of sitting behind the wheel. For many, the passenger car has become the most important object of attention, the meaning of life.
The car and its role in human life has become very significant. The automobile industry has embraced all segments of the population of our country, from the low-income to the super-rich. If the former are ready to buy a pile of scrap metal at bargain prices at car flea markets, then the latter seek out the latest models of luxury foreign cars at car dealerships. Every day you can observe an endless stream of cars on the streets of cities and towns, constant traffic jams and congestion. The inhabitants of Russia, as they say, seized upon cars, as the natives once did upon shiny knick-knacks. The consequence of this is “rejuvenated” sciatica, osteochondrosis, ischemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus and other equally terrible diseases. It is understandable to travel by personal car on a long journey, to visit relatives, to the country house, but to drive to work on a neighboring street or to a store located around the corner is nonsense. It makes no sense to travel every day big city where there is a subway and great amount public transport. Yes, the car is an undeniable achievement scientific and technological progress, but you need to use it more wisely!
MBOU "Secondary School No. 1", Shelekhov, el. address: golubeva. *****@***ru
"A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation."
Henry Ford
INTRODUCTION
Human society, solving the problems of its rapid development, owes much to the car. Cars have firmly taken their place in human life. They have become so familiar that the dangers associated with their use are involuntarily forgotten. Like any achievement of progress, the car hurts and environment. However, the car is at the same time a tireless assistant, if a person thinks through all the moments of communication with him, follows the rules of operation and safety. And I set out to find out:
When did the first car appear? Who created it?
How much does the car affect the environment?
What is the role of the car in human life?
Revealing the importance of the car in the lives of my classmates.
To achieve these goals, the following tasks were set:
1. Study the history of the car.
2. Determine the impact of the car on the environment and human health.
3. Reveal the role and importance of the car in the life of classmates.
Research hypothesis: having collected information about the history and reasons for the creation of the car, I will find out whether its invention is really necessary for mankind.
Object of study: information sources.
Subject of study: photographs, newspaper articles, encyclopedic and Internet sources.
Research methods: theoretical, comparison and analysis.
1. The history of the creation of the car
1.1. The first cars in the world.
For many years, people dreamed of flying carpets and walking boots. These dreams were embodied in fairy tales. But in real life, it was necessary to work to feed yourself and your loved ones. It took long months to overcome the distances between cities, the construction of buildings went on for years, because there were too few of the own physical forces of man and the forces of animals.
This went on for thousands of years, until man began to create machines capable of working hard, doing hard work and remaining obedient to the will of man. So there were wagons, carriages.
In the carriages, people strived for comfort, improving everything more and more. The desire of people to increase speed accelerated the change of events in the history of transport development. From the Greek "autos" - "self" and the Latin "mobilis" obilis - "mobile" in European languages, the adjective self-propelled, literally "auto - mobile" has developed.
In 1490, Leonardo da Vinci designed a hand-operated carriage.
Russian mechanic - self-taught peasant Leonty Shamshurenkov created a "self-running carriage", which was set in motion by the power of two people. In 1 years, the Russian inventor Kulibin worked on a "self-running scooter".
In his "scooter" such elements of the car as a gearbox, steering gear, brakes were used for the first time.
In the 18th-19th centuries, steam power began to be used as a driving force for carriages. In 1769, the French inventor Nicolo-Joseph Cugno made a "steam cart" that moved at a speed of 3.6 km / h.
The next source of crew movement was electricity. The first electric carriage was built in 1837 by the Englishman Robert Davidson. Such a crew moved at a speed of 3 km / h due to the energy from the batteries installed on the vehicle.
But it is the years that are considered to be the year the car was created, and its inventors were German engineers Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler. The first car with a gasoline engine was made by Benz and had 3 wheels, weighed 230 kg and could reach speeds of up to 16 km / h.
The term "car" was established in the world after 1894, when the first international motor racing took place in France. Prior to this, the most commonly used phrase was “vouurotomobile”, that is, “self-propelled cart”
1.2 Henry Ford era
There is one legend according to which, for the first time, the idea of creating vehicle, which would be safe and did not require the use of animal power, came to the mind of a young American when, while working on a farm, he fell off his horse and hurt himself badly. That unfortunate rider was Henry Ford.
By that time, cars were already being produced in America and Europe, but they were very expensive and accessible to few. And Henry Ford believed that "the car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation." Together with his loyal friends, having collected 28 thousand dollars, he organized the first in the world mass production cheap and public cars.
The number of cars is constantly growing. By the beginning of 2012, according to the official website traffic police, V Irkutsk region there are cars.
Every summer, management specialists environmental protection And environmental safety The administration of the city of Irkutsk, together with the traffic police and Rospotrebnadzor, conduct raids to control the toxicity and opacity of exhaust gases from cars. In 2011, from May to October, 34 such raids were carried out, 1319 vehicles were checked.
The main tasks set by the administration of Irkutsk to improve the environmental situation in the region include the development of the road network, the transfer of the car park municipal enterprises on gas, planting streets, using environmentally friendly reagents in the fight against icing, replacing small-capacity buses with buses of medium and large capacity, equipping passenger vehicle parking areas with heating devices in winter. According to the press service of the city administration
In order for people to get sick less and children to be born healthy, environmentalists propose a number of measures, including large-scale landscaping of the city, as well as the mandatory installation of filters in the exhaust systems of cars. To solve the problems of traffic jams, a lot of money is being invested in the construction of roads, bypass roads, and new bridges. Significant reduction environmental pollution and gasoline savings are achieved by replacing traditional types of oil fuel - gas.
2.2. The role and importance of the car in the life of 3rd grade students.
In addition to those undeniable amenities that a car creates in a person's life, obviously public importance mass use of private cars: the speed of communication increases when traveling; the number of full-time drivers is reduced; the delivery of the urban population to places of mass recreation, to work, etc. is facilitated. The 21st century, no doubt, has gone down in history as the century of the automobile. At the beginning of the century, at the dawn of the automobile era, the slogan appeared "Automobile is not a luxury, but a means of transportation”, now this slogan has become a reality. Modern passenger transport provides transportation of people, their hand luggage and luggage. For passengers, the use of transport is primarily associated with saving time and effort spent on movement. Automobile transport as one of the types of land transport has become the most widespread and occupies a leading position in the transportation of passengers, goods, goods over various distances.
During research work I conducted a sociological survey on the number and use of personal cars in the families of 3rd grade students. Below is a table of survey results.
Number of respondents | |
Have one car | |
Have da car | |
Use car every day | |
Use the car seasonally | |
Rarely use car | |
Do you need a car for your business? | |
Is using a car harmful to the environment? Which? |
Conclusion.
As a result, I concluded that the car has become an integral part of life for most people, many cannot imagine life without a car. People are so accustomed to cars that they sometimes treat them like living beings. And, perhaps, it is very difficult to imagine life modern man without such a tireless assistant as a car!
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Automobiles of the world Series: The most beautiful and famous, Publisher: Avanta +, 2004
2., Autoencyclopedia Publishers: Prestige Book, Ripol Classic, 2006
3. Larry Edsall Legendary cars. Cars that made history from their invention to the 21st century
4. Internet sources: www. *****,
So, let's get to the main point: A car is not just a means of transportation, but short description style and character of its owner. Well, who will take seriously, for example, the owner, Oka "", with the inscription, Do not overtake, do not offend the baby "". But at the same time, each of you with great pleasure will conclude a serious deal with the owner of a Japanese mass-produced car, Isuzu VehiCross "". I think the meaning is clear.
You can find out a lot of information by appearance, also by the brand and price of the car. By the way, those who are enthusiastic about cars are well versed in the psychology of other car owners. There are people who are literally obsessed with cars and their number is growing every day, since people have become more serious about driving. Previously, cars were more used as a way to get around, so as not to stand for hours at stops and not waste time, and now having a car is also very cool.
In this regard, now every second seeks to buy it, but important details are often not taken into account: brand, speed. Many people just buy what is cheaper and do not care about the rest. Usually this method of purchasing a car is no different from buying ordinary junk. There is a famous expression: “A car is not a luxury, but a means of transportation.” I am not ashamed to say that this is complete nonsense. To such people who still hold this opinion, I again advise you to buy a garbage truck.
And for those who enthusiastically read my article, I will give a lot of normal, useful tips. Firstly, even if you have financial difficulties, by no means buy a car just because it suits you in price. In any case, you should listen to yourself, even if buying the car of your dreams will cost you a lot. You can take out a loan or wait a couple of years, but it's a good idea to buy a car that will scream "" about your character left and right.
For example, if you are a calm, balanced and intelligent person, then a German Mercedes Benz E-class car, which contains both calmness and elegance, will perfectly suit your character. For temperamental people, sports cars are suitable, and for serious lovers, the same serious cars that are able to climb uphill and generally overcome various kinds of obstacles, these are mainly German, Russian or Japanese SUVs. It can be our favorite Russian, Niva "" or the Japanese I mentioned twice, Isuzu "". In one word, I can’t list all the brands, but it’s already clear how you should make your choice. After you buy a car using my article, in no case should you forget about car care.
Her appearance It will also be easy to give out your character. By the way, you always need to monitor both the serviceability and cleanliness of the car. Do not forget to buy tires that correspond to the season, for example, in winter, you won’t go far on Naked tires. In addition, the music in the car also says a lot and try to choose it carefully, instead of throwing off on a disk and putting anything. Driving speed also plays a role, but try not to reach a speed that you are not completely in control of and then you will feel much more confident.
It is also important not to clog the trunk so that it remains half open, my advice to you is that it will not look nice. And the last thing: before you confidently step on the gas and go on a long and exciting journey in a new, comfortable and undoubtedly cool car, do not forget to check the presence of a full gas tank so that there are no awkward situations with finding gas stations on the road. And as the ending of the famous saying, Do not drive faster than your guardian angel can fly "".
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