> How has biathlon changed? Distances, boundaries, targets, penalties and rifles

Biathlon began at the 1956 World Championships with a long - 20 km - men's individual race. 10 years later, at the world championship in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, several key provisions of this sport premiered:

Instead of four different shooting ranges (100, 150, 200 and 250 m), a single one was introduced with a target distance of 150 meters;

The shooting order in the individual race has been changed - “prone-standing-prone-standing” (this format still exists today);

The rule of “two diameters” was introduced in the individual race: failure to hit the small one was punishable by one minute of penalty, and in the big one - two minutes (abolished in 1968);

The first relay race in the history of biathlon was held with additional ammunition and penalty loops for missing targets. The Norwegians became the first world champions in the relay race, while the USSR national team was left without medals (two years later, the Soviet quartet would win gold at the Grenoble Olympics and would not lose the Olympic championship in relay races to anyone until 1992).

In 1974, at the World Championships in Raubichi, the sprint debuted - the shortest race in biathlon. Finn Juhani Suutarinen became the world champion, and Soviet biathletes were left at the home championship without personal medals. There, in Raubichi, an attendance record that has not been broken to this day was set - according to the Ministry of Internal Affairs, over 80,000 spectators came to watch the relay race.

In 1978, the first world championship using small-caliber weapons (5.6 mm) was held in Hochfilzen, Austria.

The distance to the target was reduced - from 150 to 50 meters, which gave a powerful impetus to the construction of biathlon arenas in densely populated areas. In the same year, the first World Cup was played (five stages, each of which consisted of an individual race, a sprint and a relay) - the owner of the trophy and prize (about $650 in modern money) was the representative of the GDR Frank Ullrich (Soviet biathletes in the first cup competitions participated extremely irregularly).

Since 1985, the entire world biathlon has switched from classics to fast skating.

In 1989, at the World Championships in Feistritz, Austria, where, by the way, both men and women competed for the first time, a team race appeared in the competition program (it existed until 1998 and, having never achieved Olympic status, disappeared).

The distance of the women's individual race has increased to 15 km (and four shooting ranges), the sprint - to 7.5 (they are still held in this format). One stage was added to the women's relay, and the length of each increased to 7.5 km (in 2003 it was shortened to 6 km).

Darts originated in the British Isles several centuries ago.

The dartboard was originally called butt, translated from English - shooting range from a bow, and butt comes from the French but, denoting target.

Most likely, the game originated in a military society; soldiers used cut arrows as projectiles, and the bottom of a barrel or a tree trunk for a target.

In the case of a tree trunk, the resulting cracks from the arrows diverged and formed areas - “sectors”. Modern competitive darts uses the markings proposed by in 1896 carpenter Lancashire Brian Gumling.

Basic components and rules for playing darts

Classic target has a round shape. Its area is divided into twenty sectors and a small central circle bull separated by metal wire. Most targets are made from sisal (compressed agave fibers), the production of which is concentrated in Kenya and China.

Photo 1. Classic dartboard. The projectile is divided into 20 sectors, which are indicated in black or white.

The main distinguishing characteristic of targets is The shape of the dividing wire is:

• Regular round. Such models have a high percentage of rebound when hit.
• Triangular. When hit, the darts move to the nearest sector.
• Thin: has a lower chance of rebound and is used in professional darts.

Standard dimensions:

• Width of treble and double rings 8 mm.
• Bullseye diameter 12.7 mm.
• Outer diameter of the central ring 19.1 mm.
• From the bull's eye to the inner wire of the doubles 162 mm.
• From the bull's eye to the inner treble wire 99 mm.
• Diameter of the entire target 451 mm(tolerance 10.0 mm).
• Separating wire thickness 1.5 mm.

Dart for darts differ in material, weight, feather shape and other characteristics. The body of the dart is made of the following metals:

• brass;
• nickel;
• silver;
• tungsten.

Photo 2. Two darts for playing darts. Products differ in the length of the tip and barrel, and the shape of the plumage.

Main parts: tip, barrel, shank and fletching. In classic darts, the tip is a metal rod, while in electronic darts it looks like a blunt needle. The central part is the barrel, the heaviest and determines the flight path of the projectile. The tail and tail are located at the rear; they are made of nylon and vary in length.

Dart characteristics:

• Maximum dart length - 30.5 cm.
• Maximum weight - 50 gr.

Target installation: height from the floor, distance to the throwing line

For beginner darts players, due to low accuracy, setting up the target will require a lot of space: 1 meter wide and 3 meters long.

Installation rules:

• Height from floor to center - 173 cm.
• Length from the front projection of the target to the throwing line - 237 cm, that is, you need to take into account the thickness of the product and retreat the appropriate distance.
• Subject to the first two points, the diagonal distance from the bull's eye to the throwing line is 293.4 cm.
• The twentieth sector should be darker than its neighbors and be located at 12 o'clock.

Attention! It is necessary not to forget about protective devices against inaccurate throws - protective rings and target cabinets.

How to throw darts, from what distance they play in competitions

Although there is a huge variety in the types of darts games: cricket, round, grand round, doubles round, bull and so on, large significant competitions are held only when playing 301/501 , more precisely, in 501 . The most famous and popular tournaments are: BDO World Darts Championship, PDC World Darts Championship.

The main points in the rules read:

• Throw darts in such a way that the tip of the needle was directed towards the target. If this rule is not followed, the throw does not count, even if it hits the target.
• It is prohibited to throw the projectile again ricocheted or fell out of the target.
• To finish I lay down, The player must hit the double with the last throw.
• Point burning rule: if in a series of three throws a player scores more points than he has left, or does not close the leg by doubling, then the points scored in this approach are not counted.
• 1.73 meters— the height of the target, which is measured vertically from the floor to the center of the bull’s eye.
• 2.37 meters— the minimum permissible distance for making a throw. It is measured along a straight line perpendicular to the target plane, measured from the projection of the digital side of the target.

On the eve of the start of the 2010 Games in Vancouver, Sportbox.ru found answers to nine naive questions about one of the most popular winter sports - biathlon.

1) What are the targets made of, what diameter are they and how many meters are they from the shooting area?

In modern biathlon, two types of targets are used - metal (during competitions) and paper (for zeroing weapons before the start). It is curious that initially the targets were exclusively paper. And at the first official competitions, a silhouette was generally used, in the center of which a circle with a diameter of 250 mm (when shooting prone) or 350 mm (when shooting standing) was drawn. If the athlete did not hit the circle, he received a minute as a penalty, and for missing the silhouette - two. Keeping count at that time was very difficult, and often the final shooting results were determined only after the finish.

It is clear that the system was imperfect and regularly led to conflicts of interest. Therefore, the idea with the silhouette did not take root; the organizers of the competition began to experiment. At first they suggested shooting at rubber tubes stretched behind a metal shield. Soviet science went further: there was an attempt to make glass targets. So, in 1974, the Saratov glass factory launched the production of special glasses. Their peculiarity was that when hit by a bullet they did not crumble into fragments, but flowed down as if they had been melted. However, this idea was also doomed to failure - the glass often broke during transportation.

Currently, the target size is 45 mm for prone shooting and 115 mm for standing shooting. Shooting is carried out from a distance of 50 m.

2) How is time determined at control marks?

Before the start, special electronic sensors are attached to each biathlete’s legs. You cannot refuse this procedure. It is thanks to these sensors that you can always track in real time the speed at which each athlete moves along the track. Sensors react every time a biathlete passes one of the control lines.

3) How much does the rifle weigh and what bullets do athletes use?

In modern biathlon, weapons and ammunition are not considered separately, but as a whole. The shooting result depends not only on the accuracy of the athlete and the rifle manufacturer, but also on the quality of the cartridges. Thus, in biathlon, 5.6 mm rimfire cartridges are used. They were invented in 1888 and were called the “22 Long Rifle,” which means “22-caliber long rifle,” although these cartridges later began to be used in pistol shooting. International athletes usually spend a lot of time pre-shooting various brands of ammunition. Today, the best are considered to be English Tenex, P-50 for Anschutz rifles, which are produced by the German company Dynamite-Nobel, and Russian-made Olympus cartridges. On average, a professional biathlete fires up to 1,200 rounds of ammunition per month.

The rifle used by biathletes is small-caliber, designed specifically for this sport. It weighs no more than 3.5 kg. The clip is designed for five rounds. And the speed of a bullet fired from such a weapon reaches 380 meters per second.

4) What punishment does an athlete face if he shoots at the wrong target or confuses “prone” with “stand”?

All biathlon fans know the story of the Belarusian athlete Daria Domracheva, who was embarrassed in Oberhof, Germany, for the second year in a row. In the 2009/2010 season, in the mass start, the hope of all Belarus fired three shots at someone else’s target, depriving itself of a chance to win. And a year ago, in the prone position, Domracheva suddenly began shooting at targets while standing.

However, such situations are not uncommon in biathlon. At one time, Russian biathletes Anfisa Reztsova and Natalya Guseva also shot at other people's targets. The second, matching Domracheva, was embarrassed in this way twice. There is an opinion that such mistakes come from an overflowing desire to win. After all, Domracheva, Reztsova, and Guseva made mistakes when they arrived at the shooting range first.

According to the rules of the International Biathlon Union, as a punishment for shooting at someone else's target, a miss is recorded as if he shot correctly and simply missed. So, Domracheva in Oberhof 2010 came to her senses and after three shots at someone else’s target, she hit two of her own. But the punishment for shooting from the wrong position (“standing” instead of “prone” or vice versa) is much harsher - disqualification.

5) What happens if an athlete starts shooting from a location other than his own?

The official rules state that it is forbidden not only to shoot from someone else’s mat, but also to stumble and step off your own if the rifle is not slung over your shoulders. Surprisingly, compliance with this rule is monitored quite strictly, and the organizers sometimes mercilessly punish even famous athletes. Thus, the Norwegian Halvard Hanevold once accidentally dropped a cartridge and, trying to pick it up, stepped off the mat, for which he was immediately disqualified.

A much more curious incident occurred with American Jay Hakkinen. In one race, he made five misses and was so upset that when he got up from the mat, he forgot his poles. Returning to get his equipment, Häkkinen dropped his gloves. I had to go back for them too. The judge was about to disqualify the absent-minded athlete, but Häkkinen lifted the heavy burden from the referee’s soul by throwing off his skis in a fit of rage and finishing the race.

6) What should you do if your rifle breaks during a race?

This happened to the Russian team at the 2008 World Championships in Östersund, when Albina Akhatova, who was running the second leg of the relay, had her rifle jammed on the first prone stage. While they were changing weapons, the Russian team lost a lot of time and, as a result, fell short of the podium. However, such cases are classified as force majeure, because before the start the rifle is checked not only by the athlete himself, but also by a special team. Particular attention is paid to the trigger pull force, which should not exceed 500 grams.

According to the regulations, in addition to the main one, each athlete has two spare rifles. If a weapon breaks down at a distance, it can only be changed at the shooting range, and only one of the representatives of his team can hand it over to the athlete. Those who violate this rule will be disqualified.

Interestingly, if a biathlete loses his clip or scope during a race, it is not fatal. The main thing is to get the barrel and trigger to the finish line, otherwise the result will be canceled. So, Belarusian Ekaterina Ivanova’s rifle once simply fell apart, and she had to grab the parts and drag them to the finish line.

7) What punishment does an athlete face if he forgot or did not want to take the penalty loop?

Such a curiosity happened to Russian biathlete Nikolai Kruglov. While shooting from a standing position, he made two mistakes, but was so carried away by the pursuit of the Frenchman Vincent Defran that he forgot to take the second penalty loop and thanks to this he was ahead of the Frenchman at the finish line, becoming third in the pursuit race. For this, two penalty minutes were added to Kruglov’s time, which is why he lost his place on the podium.

8) What punishment does an athlete face if he “cuts” the distance?

The unpleasant story at the 2009 World Championships still does not allow Russian biathlon fans to sleep peacefully. Norwegian Ole Einar Bjoerndalen cut the distance by ten meters in the pursuit race, for which a special commission deprived him of gold and awarded the victory to Maxim Chudov. However, the Norwegian team appealed, and, to the surprise of many, Bjoerndalen's already long list of awards was added to another gold medal. The decision really turned out to be blatantly unfair - according to the regulations, any violation while passing the track, which allows you to gain time, should be followed by disqualification. At the same time, for many Russian fans, it was not the commission members who became persona non grata, but Bjoerndalen, who did not share the award with Chudov, contrary to the fair play principle.

9) What punishment faces a slow-moving biathlete who refuses to allow a faster-footed athlete who is not his direct competitor to pass?

In motorsport this is called overtaking laps, but in biathlon such situations often arise in time trial races. According to the new traffic rules, the driver must give way to a pedestrian, but in practice this does not always happen. In such cases, negligent motorists should be fined. The same thing happens in biathlon. Refusal to let a faster colleague pass is punishable by a penalty minute. So it is difficult to understand whether most biathletes are really so well-mannered that they always give way, or whether they are simply afraid of severe punishment.

Tatyana Pomelnikova, Sportbox.ru

news.sportbox.ru

Shooting range, firing line in biathlon: all the information

The shooting range - some biathletes call this the most difficult test in biathlon, especially when it comes to the last shooting. In classical biathlon, shooting occurs from two positions: lying down and standing. They require different preparations. The diameter of the targets also differs significantly. For example, when shooting prone, a biathlete must hit 45 mm targets. On a stand, their diameter increases almost three times - up to 115 mm.

Biathletes shoot from a distance of 50 meters. In other types of biathlon it may differ. For example, during training and shooting, athletes can shoot from a location closer to the targets. In archery biathlon, the distance to the targets is 18 meters.

Each firing line has its own characteristics. They depend on which stadium the shooting range is located at. At some stadiums, for example, there is almost always a strong wind, which also changes its direction. At other shooting ranges it is mostly always calm. Biathletes shoot differently in such conditions. Even the absence of wind does not mean that everyone will be able to cope with shooting.

Weather conditions can also make adjustments. Heavy snowfall, rain, fog - this and much more impairs the visibility of targets. Experience shows that in such conditions everything can turn upside down.

Standing shooting is considered a little more difficult in biathlon compared to prone shooting. On average, the percentage of hits on the rack fluctuates around 75-85 percent. Some snipers have rates over 90%. On prone, the average percentage of accuracy is slightly higher, although this does not apply to all biathletes. In the prone position, the athlete can minimize the range of motion of the arms and rifle and hit even a small hole.

A lot depends on working on the firing line. As a rule, only the biggest favorites can afford a couple of misses, while the rest have to shoot clean or make do with a minimal penalty to succeed.

alvin-almazov.ru

Biathlon shooting range - WiKi

The biathlon shooting range is divided into shooting corridors, each 2.5-3 m wide. Target installations were installed 50 m from the firing line. Shooting corridors and target installations are numbered from right to left, starting from 1. Shooting mats are laid on the firing line from which shooting is conducted.

For shooting, rifles with a minimum weight of 3.5 kg are used, which are on the biathlete’s back during the race. It is prohibited to use automatic and self-loading weapons. The trigger pull must be a minimum of 500g. The rifle sight must not have the effect of magnifying the target. The caliber of the cartridges is 5.6 mm (until 1977 - 7.62 mm; rifles of 6.5 mm caliber were also used). The speed of a bullet when fired at a distance of 1 m from the muzzle of the barrel should not exceed 380 m/s.

At the shooting range, the distance to the targets is 50 meters (before 1977 - 100 meters). The targets used in competitions are traditionally black, in the amount of five pieces. As the targets are hit, they are closed with a white valve, which allows the biathlete to immediately see the result of his shooting. Sighting before competitions is carried out on paper targets similar to those used in bullet shooting. The diameter of the targets (more precisely, the zone in which a hit is counted) when shooting from a prone position is 45 mm, and from a standing position - 115 mm. In all types of races, with the exception of relay, a biathlete has five shots at each shooting range. In the relay race, you can use additional manually loaded cartridges in the amount of 3 pieces for each firing line. When the target is hit, the electronic system covers it with a white disk. Misses are punished by adding penalty minutes to the athlete's total time (individual race) or 150-meter penalty loops (in all others).

ru-wiki.org

ABOUT BIATHLON

Biathlon is a Winter Olympic sport that combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting. Biathlon is most popular in Germany, Russia, Norway and Sweden. From 1993 to the present, official international biathlon competitions, including the World Cup and World Championships, have been held under the auspices of the International Biathlon Union.

In biathlon, athletes compete over distances ranging from 5 to 20 kilometers, stopping two to four times at the shooting range. The length of the course and the number of approaches to the shooting range depend on the class of competition and the age of the participants.

The distance to the targets at the firing line is 50 meters (before 1977 - 100 meters). The number of targets is 5. The athlete’s task is to cover all 5 targets with five shots. The exception is the relay race, in which the biathlete has the right to three additional shots. Shooting is carried out from two positions - lying and standing. As the targets are hit, they are closed with a white valve, which allows the biathlete to immediately see the result of his shooting. Sighting before competitions is carried out on paper targets similar to those used in bullet shooting. Each target is a black circle in the recess of the plate, with a diameter of 115 mm. When shooting while standing, a hit in any zone of the circle is counted, and when shooting while lying down - only in a black circle with a diameter of 45 mm, the center of which coincides with the center of the 115 mm circle. The stopwatch is not stopped during shooting.

In an individual race, the penalty for each miss is one additional minute to the net time for completing the distance. In other competitions, for each miss, the athlete is required to drive one penalty loop of 150 meters immediately after shooting (for boys and girls the penalty loop is 100 meters).

During the individual race and sprint, athletes start one after another with an interval of 30 seconds. In the pursuit, the interval depends on the results of the qualifying runs. In the mass start, athletes start at the same time.

In a relay race, the athletes starting with the first numbers in their teams begin the race at the same time and then pass the baton by touch in a specially designated area.

During the race, athletes independently choose their stance at the shooting range, count their misses and count the number of penalty loops.

Biathlon uses a free style of skiing. The length of the skis depends on the athlete’s height - they should not be shorter than the athlete’s height minus 4 cm, the maximum length is not limited. The minimum ski width is 40 mm, weight is at least 750 grams. Regular skis and ski poles for cross-country skiing are used (the length of the poles should not exceed the height of the athlete; poles of variable length and those that enhance the push are not allowed).

At official biathlon competitions, all athletes are divided into three classes: “men and women”; “juniors and junior women”; “boys and girls” (the category “boys and girls” is divided into senior (18–19 years old) and middle (16–17 years old). Biathletes and biathletes who, before December 31 of the year in which the biathlon began season, have turned 21 years of age, are referred to as “men” and “women”, and are eligible to compete only in adult competitions for that season. Persons who have turned 19 years of age before the above date are referred to as “juniors” and “juniors.” They are eligible to compete both in competitions for juniors and juniors, and in adult competitions.Persons who have not reached the above ages are called “boys” and “girls”.

www.flgb.ru

Biathlon - Rules and equipment

03 February 2011

Mass start at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin

Biathlon uses a free style of skiing. The length of the skis depends on the athlete’s height; they should not be shorter than the athlete’s height minus 4 cm, the maximum length is not limited. Minimum ski width 40 mm, weight not less than 750 grams. Regular cross-country skis and ski poles are used.

For shooting, rifles with a minimum weight of 3.5 kg are used, which are transported on the back during the race. Automatic and semi-automatic weapons are prohibited. When releasing the hook, the index finger must overcome a force of at least 500 g. The rifle sight is not allowed to have the effect of magnifying the target; instead, a ring front sight and a diopter sight are used, which must be aligned with the black circle of the target when shooting. The caliber of the cartridges is 5.6 mm. The speed of a bullet when fired at a distance of 1 m from the muzzle of the barrel should not exceed 380 m/s.

At the shooting range, the distance to the targets is 50 meters. The targets used in competitions are traditionally black, in the amount of five pieces on one white plate. As the targets are hit, they are closed with a white valve, which allows the biathlete to immediately see the result of his shooting. Sighting before competitions is carried out on paper targets similar to those used in bullet shooting. Each target is a black circle in the recess of the plate, with a diameter of 115 mm. When shooting standing, a hit in any zone of the circle is counted, and when shooting prone, only in a black circle with a diameter of 45 mm, the center of which coincides with the center of the circle 115 mm. It is possible for a bullet to ricochet into the circle when it hits the edge of the plate, then the hit is also counted. In biathlon jargon, in this case they say “passed the clearance.” In all types of races, with the exception of relay, a biathlete has five shots at each shooting range. In the relay race, you can use additional manually loaded cartridges in the amount of 3 pieces for each firing line.

The most common are German Anschutz rifles and Russian Biathlon rifles. When approaching the firing line, the athlete usually performs the following actions:

• snaps off the protective cover of the rifle bore and front sight
• puts ski poles on the ground
• Without taking off your skis, you stand on a special mat. Some athletes, based on weather conditions, when shooting from a standing position, due to the possible formation of a sliding surface on the mat or strong wind, step with some part of the ski on the positioned poles, thereby increasing the stability of the pose.
• takes the rifle off his shoulders
• removes the magazine from the cassette located in the butt of the stock or on the side of the barrel and inserts it into the magazine window of the rifle
• snaps off the protective cover of the diopter sight
• attaches the shooting sling on the rifle to the loop on the arm
• points the rifle at his targets, checking by number that they are not strangers
• looks at the wind flags and, in case of strong wind, adjusts the sight calibrators
• shoots at targets, manually reloading the rifle after each shot using the charging handle

www.iblandt.ru

Biathlon | History of biathlon | Rules and types of biathlon

David's Blog.org 06/24/2016

Winter sports

Winter sports

Biathlon is a fairly interesting and popular sport that has its fans all over the world. Biathlon competitions are subject to special rules and have a lot of nuances that may vary depending on the type of competition. Biathlon is not just a spectacular race, but also a real test for the athletes themselves.

Fans of winter sports consider biathlon to be the permanent leader in the number of admirers. There are a huge number of its classifications, each of them has its own advantages. An integral attribute of these competitions is a test of accuracy in shooting from a sports rifle or bow. Biathlon is quite popular among both males and females. Biathlon competitions are common in Russia and throughout Europe. What is the secret of the popularity of this sport? Let's figure it out and find out what biathlon is.

History of biathlon

Biathlon and its history. It is customary to consider hunter competitions, which were first held at the beginning of the 18th century, as the predecessor of biathlon. It is worth noting that hunting on skis originated many centuries ago among the inhabitants of the far north and only over time became quite widespread. Despite the fact that such competitions were quite popular, they were not considered as a separate sport for a long time. However, already in 1924, at the first Winter Olympic Games, the first demonstration competition was held, which was called the “military patrol race”.

In 1948, after the end of World War II, military patrol competitions were completely removed from the demonstration list. This was due to the pacifist attitude of people and the desire to completely abandon the use of weapons, even in sports games. It was only in 1954 that biathlon was recognized as a sport and included in the list of the Olympic Games.

Until 1992, biathlon was officially included in the pentathlon list, and on July 2, 1993, it was decided to consider this sport completely independent. At the same time, the International Biathlon Council was born, and the competitions themselves were divided into several subtypes, including summer biathlon, which later became a separate sport.

Biathlon rules

Despite the fact that there are several varieties of biathlon, the rules that apply to each of them are generally general.

The competition participants start at the judge's command. Moreover, depending on the type of competition, the start can occur either simultaneously or at a certain interval, which ranges from 10 to 30 seconds. Each athlete walks a certain distance and must hit five targets. If the athlete misses, he will be punished. This can be either an additional lap with a certain distance, or the accrual of a penalty time. It is worth noting that for biathlon every second counts, and if an athlete misses, then his chances of taking a leading position are rapidly disappearing.

Despite the fact that over time, the rules for biathlon have undergone significant changes and have become slightly less strict, nevertheless, it is possible to identify the basic requirements for conducting races that have remained unchanged to this day:

• A competitor is strictly prohibited from shooting at enemy targets. In case of violation of this rule, the hit is not counted, and penalties are applied to the athlete.
• Participants do not have the right to interfere with each other, impede or exert any other influence that could negatively affect the opponent’s result.
• Athletes do not have the right to ignore penalties or any other punishment from judges, otherwise violators will be disqualified.

In addition, the rules may vary slightly depending on the type of competition.

If earlier in biathlon the distance to the targets was 100 meters, today it has been reduced to 50. The targets themselves are painted black, which makes them more visible, and after hitting the target they automatically close, which allows the athlete to immediately evaluate his result . Each athlete is entitled to 5 shots and 3 additional cartridges.

Types of biathlon

Modern biathlon is divided into 7 types.

The individual race is considered a classic type of biathlon. In this case, the length of the distance is 20 kilometers for men and 15 for women. Each biathlete starts at intervals of 1 minute. As for the place on the shooting range, in this case each athlete chooses it individually, while the first and third shots must be fired from a prone position, and the second and fourth - while standing. If the athlete misses, then a 1 minute penalty is applied to his regular time.

Relay race is a team competition. Each team consists of four people, each of whom has a distance of 7.5 kilometers; for women, this distance is 6 kilometers. The biathlete must fire 2 shots, one from a prone position and the other from a standing position. In this case, the place on the shooting range is occupied based on the participant’s serial number. If the athlete misses, he must travel an additional 150 meters as a penalty.

The mixed relay is a competition among teams from different countries, where each team consists of four people and includes both men and women. There are two shots per person, and the distance depends on the gender of the participant and ranges from 7.5 kilometers to 6 kilometers. If the target was not covered during the shot, then the missing relay participant must cover an additional circle of 150 meters.

The single mixed relay is a competition that has appeared quite recently. In this case, the team of athletes consists of only two people - a man and a woman. The essence of this competition differs little from all of the above types of relay races. If an athlete breaks the rules or shoots wide of the target, he is subject to a penalty, namely, an additional 150-meter lap.

Sprint - in this type of biathlon, each athlete must cover a relatively short section of the path. In this case, the start of each subsequent biathlete occurs with an interval of 30 seconds. The athlete can independently choose a place on the shooting range, and in case of a miss, he is required to cover an additional distance, which is 150 meters.

Pursuit race - usually participants in this type of biathlon are selected based on the results of the sprint. In this case, athletes must overcome 4 laps and 5 shooting ranges. Two shots must be fired from a prone position, and two more from a standing position. In case of a miss, as in the above-mentioned events, a penalty is charged - an additional lap with a distance of 150 meters.

Mass start is a mass competition. Sometimes the number of participants in a mass start reaches 30 people. Usually the participants in this competition are the best athletes who have proven their skills in the field. They all start at the same time, and take a place on the shooting range in accordance with their serial number. In case of a miss, there is also a penalty - an additional lap of 150 meters.

Biathlon equipment

The main equipment for biathlon is skis and a sports rifle. The athlete must approach the selection of this equipment with special care.

1. Ski poles for biathletes are slightly longer than for regular skiers. Usually their length reaches the athlete's jawline.

2. For biathlon, special sports rifles are used, which should not weigh more than 3.5 kilograms. When moving, the weapon should be behind the athlete’s back, but so that it is comfortable for him. In addition, the use of self-loading or automatic rifles is strictly prohibited. As for the sight, it should not have a zoom effect.

3. Special requirements are placed on the athlete’s skis. There is no specific style of movement at biathlon competitions; a biathlete can move in any way that is most convenient for him. There are also restrictions on the length of the skis themselves. For example, their minimum length should not be less than the height of the athlete himself, and the maximum length is not limited by the regulations and can be absolutely any. In addition, it is worth noting that the tips of skis for biathletes are straighter than in classic ski competitions. For better gliding, athletes are allowed to use wax.

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What can a small group of young people do if they have a little free time? Why not play something? In this article we will talk about what the rules of the game of darts are.

What it is?

First of all, you need to figure out what this fun is. So, this is a game in which the main goal is to hit a target with a dart (the so-called small arrow with a sharp tip). As for the name itself, presumably in translation this word means “cross section of a tree.” And all because, most likely, earlier the bottom of a wooden barrel was used as a target (at that time the game was called a little differently - Dartboard).

Main components of the game

Before learning the rules of the game of darts, it’s worth saying a few words about what its components should be.

1. Target. This is a round board divided into sectors (they should be marked with numbers from 1 to 20). It is important to say that each sector has its own set size. The material from which the target is made is also important. Most often they are sisal (made from compressed agave fiber).
2. Dart. Their form will always be standard. However, they may differ in the following characteristics: weight, size, plumage, etc. They can also be made of a variety of materials: nickel, tungsten, plastic, steel, etc. The dart itself consists of three parts: a sharp tip , tail and plumage (all this can be made of various materials).

Important numbers

Darts rules in numbers.

1. Basically, the target (i.e. the very center of the circle) should be located 1.73 meters from the floor.
2. The weight of the dart should be 50 g. If non-professionals play, the weight may be a little more. However, in competitions this is considered a gross violation of the rules and can lead to disqualification of the player.
3. Darts (game rules). The distance from the target to the line beyond which players must not tread must be 2.37 meters. It's not all that complicated.

Throwing technique

1. Aiming (eyes and hand work).
2. Swing (hands with a dart).
3. Gaining speed with your hand before throwing.
4. Releasing a gaming instrument - a dart.
5. Arm extension (automatic action after releasing the dart).

It is also worth mentioning that there are different “grips” of gaming instruments. So, darts can be taken in three different ways.

1. "Standard grip"
2. "Pencil grip"
3. “Mixed grip”, which combines the two previous options.

You can take darts in any way that is convenient for you; this will not in any way affect the verdict on the result of the game.

Types of game

Studying the topic “Rules of the game of darts, distance to the target”, it is worth saying that this fun comes in many forms. The most common of them are two: darts-301, 501. However, in addition to this, there are some other types.

1. "Round".
2. "Grand Round"
3. "All A's."
4. "Five Lives"
5. "Thousand".
6. "Twenty seven".
7. "Sector 20".
8. "Diameter".
9. "Killer".

Basic Rules

Are the rules of darts difficult? Photos of players from a variety of tournaments (both professional and amateur) indicate that there is nothing complicated in this game. What do you need to remember?

1. The target in the standard game is divided into sectors (which are indicated by black and white). In the center of the target there is a so-called “bullseye”; hitting it is worth 50 points.
2. Hitting the green ring that is drawn around the bull's eye is worth 25 points.
3. The target also has outer and inner rings (mostly colored red and green). If a player hits the outer ring, the sector points are doubled. If a player hits the inner ring, they triple.
4. Points are not counted in two situations:

• if the player hits outside the outer narrow ring;
• if the dart bounces off the target.

Summarizing

Scoring is done after the player throws the dart three times. After the results are announced, the turn passes to another player. The highest number of points that one participant can earn is 180. This will happen after he hits the dart within the narrow inner ring of sector 20 three times in a row.

Darts-301 (501)

A few words should be said about the rules of playing darts-301 (501). How is this game different? It is important to say that at the very beginning of this subtype of this game, each player has 301 points (or, alternatively, 501). After the participant throws the dart three times, the number of points he scored is calculated from this number of points. The game will continue until the score of one of the players becomes zero. What are the special rules for playing darts-501 (301)?

1. You need to finish the game by hitting the bull's eye or doubling.
2. The player must reduce the resulting number of points to zero.
3. If on the last throw the points are equal to 1 or more, the points received are not counted (they remain at the same level), the game continues.

Peculiarities

It will be interesting to note that the game of darts-301 is called “Leg”. Five “legs” is a “set”. The game is most often played up to three “legs” won by the player. If this is a professional tournament, then most often it will be darts 501 (not 301). This type of game is also more relevant during doubles tournaments. In this case, the minimum number of darts that one participant must use during the game is 9.

A few words about other types of games

1. "Round". Here the player must get into all sectors in turn. As for the last sector, first the participant must get into the outer and then the inner ring of sector 20. The winner is the one who first gets to the center of the target.
2. "Grand Round" In this variant, the player must hit his sector three times (gradually moving up to sector 20). Here the one who scores the most points wins.
3. "All A's." The essence of this game is that for three completed throws the player must score a number of points equal to 5. If the number is not a multiple of 5, the points are not counted. 5 itself equals 1 point. The first one to score 51 points will win.
4. "Five Lives" In each game there is a right to five errors (a player can throw his dart five times).
5. "Thousand". Players must hit the green field of the ring. The winner is the first one to score 1000 points (they are given to players in batches).
6. "Twenty seven". At the beginning of the game, everyone gets 27 points. The point is that you need to hit the doubling of each sector. If a player misses, points are deducted from his score. The game is played until the participants reach sector 20.
7. "Sector 20". You need to score the maximum number of points by getting into sector 20 as often as possible.
8. "Diameter". This type of game is different in that here the participants themselves choose the line of sectors along which they must pass. It is best to hit the doubling or tripling. The winner is the one who completes the route through all sectors first.
9. "Killer". A game for a large company. The optimal number of people is 10-20. Each participant must choose his own sector - from 1 to 20. If a player ends up in someone else’s sector, the “life” is credited to its owner (it is deducted from the player). The point is to kill, that is, take away the “lives” of all players.

Where to hang a dartboard and how to do it? These are the questions asked by all happy owners of a dartboard and three darts. Let's try to answer these questions.

To install the target, a free space of 3 m in length is required in front of the target and 0.5 m on each side of the target. It is advisable to hang the target away from doors and places where people may appear unexpectedly. According to the rules, the target must be installed at a height of 1.73 m from the center of the target (Bullseye) to the floor and at a distance of 2.37 m from the throwing line to the projection of the front side of the target on the floor (you need to step back from the wall on which the target hangs a distance equal to the thickness targets). To check the correct installation of the target, you can measure the distance (diagonally) from the center of the target to the throwing line, which should be 2.934 m. The target should be installed so that the “20” sector is black and is located strictly at the top of the target.

You need to think about how you will protect the wall around the target, especially at first the darts will often fly past the target. Wooden target cabinets or foam protective rings serve this purpose.

How to hang a target and a target cabinet.

Preparing the target for hanging.

1. On the back side of the target, exactly in the center, screw a screw (included with the target)

2. At equal distances from each other and from the center of the target, nails with metal holders are driven in. Metal holders prevent the target from dangling and spinning. (also included with the target)

3. The target mount is screwed into the center of the cabinet with two screws. (comes with the target)

4. The cabinet is screwed to the wall with 4 screws, so that the center of the target is at a distance of 1m 73cm.

5. The target is lowered from above onto the mount. The head of the screw screwed into the center of the target is held by a mount screwed to the cabinet.

You can start playing Darts!

The mount that comes with the target can be used for both the wall and the cabinet. Almost always, cabinets come with duplicate fastenings. The target is easy to remove, install and rotate.

DARTS.RU WISHES YOU A GOOD GAME!