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Secrets of non-verbal communication.
There are two groups of ways in which interaction between people can be carried out: verbal and non-verbal ways communication.
Speech is considered a verbal means of communication. Verbal communication is a conversation at the level of words understandable to all interlocutors.
Non-verbal communication is external form manifestations inner peace person. Verbal and non-verbal means of communication are correlated in one message to varying degrees. They can complement each other, accompany, contradict or replace. Verbal means of communication occupy 20-40% of all perceived information. The rest of the communication is non-verbal.
Experts believe that many gestures are innate in nature, as they are used by the blind and deaf.
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Non-verbal behavior - body reactions that complement the main content of speech, transmitted using language.
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All non-verbal means of communication are divided into groups:
1) visual - visually perceived movements of another person (posture, gesture, facial expressions, gaze, gait, direction of movement, distance);
The meaning and meaning of words, phrases Speech sound phenomena Expressive qualities of the voice Communication, being a complex socio-psychological process of mutual understanding between people, is carried out through the following main channels: speech (verbal - from the Latin word oral, verbal) and non-speech (non-verbal) channels of communication. Speech as a means of communication simultaneously acts both as a source of information and as a way of influencing the interlocutor. Structure of verbal communication
Studies show that in the daily act of human communication, words make up 7%, intonation sounds - 38%, non-verbal interaction - 53%. Kinetics Tactics Proxemics Non-verbal means of communication are studied by the following sciences: emotional condition- able to give true information about what a person is experiencing. Mimic expressions carry more than 70% of information
GESTURES are specific human habits associated with hand movements (scratching, twitching), they are a kind of substitutes for words or phrases in communication. These are gestures that express the attitude of the speaker to something. These include a smile, a nod, the direction of the gaze, purposeful movements of the hands. these are gestures of communication: pointers (pointing finger), pictographs, that is, peculiar hand movements connecting imaginary objects. illustrators regulators adapters emblems Gestures in communication carry a lot of information; in sign language, as in speech, there are words, sentences. The richest alphabet of gestures can be divided into 4 groups:
Dialogue as a form of communication DIALOGUE Dialogue is a particularly vivid manifestation of the communicative function of language. Dialogue is a natural form of communication with an interlocutor, assuming the presence of two equal participants in communication. Dialogue is the primary natural form of linguistic communication, the classic form of verbal communication Dialogue implies the desire of interlocutors to hear and understand each other. On this, in fact, the very principle of communication is built.
Types and techniques of listening to a communication partner In the process of speech interaction, information is transferred from one partner to another, which can be expressed in the following scheme: information transfer understanding information transfer of information - (the speaker encodes information in words) - (the listener decodes words, extracts information ) understanding information.
Listener reactions, listening techniques are as follows: Emotions (wow, ah, great, laughter, mournful mine) Mirror - repetition of the last phrase of the interlocutor with a change in word order. Clarifying questions (What did you mean? Assessments, advice. Echo reaction - repetition of the last word of the interlocutor. Paraphrase - conveying the content of the partner’s statement in other words. Assent (yeah, yeah, yes, yes, well, chin nodding) Deaf silence (apparent absence reactions).
Communication is the process of establishment and development between people. Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, which consists in the exchange of information, as well as in the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living beings, but only at the human level does the process of communication become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. The person who transmits information is called the communicator, and the person who receives it is called the recipient. Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, which consists in the exchange of information, as well as in the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living beings, but only at the human level does the process of communication become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. The person who transmits information is called the communicator, and the person who receives it is called the recipient. 12
VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS Improving Your Verbal Communication Skills Improving Your Verbal Communication Skills Speech is still the most common form of communication. Oral speech is still the most common way of communication. 13
To be understood, it is not enough to have good diction. You must be clear about what you are going to say. In addition, you must choose such words so that your thought is correctly understood. If a person has to speak to a large audience, he formulates theses for himself or otherwise prepares for a report. But in everyday life verbal communication requires spontaneity, and this can cause a person to feel anxious, insecure, and even fearful. You can start working on oral speech by expanding your vocabulary.
People use written communication less often than oral communication. But with the arrival Email the importance of written communication has increased greatly. Any written communication has one undeniable advantage over oral communication. By compiling it, you have the opportunity to think, put your thoughts in order and, if necessary, even rewrite it cleanly. However, the shortcomings of written communication should also be noted. Written communication cannot convey the intonation of your voice and gestures. 17
Verbal communication is the most researched type of human communication. In addition, this is the most universal way of conveying thought. A message created using any other sign system can be translated into human verbal language. For example, a red light signal is translated as the passage is closed, stop; raised finger, covered with the palm of the other hand, as I ask for an extra minute break in sports, etc. 18
Non-Verbal Communication Non-verbal communication, better known as body language, includes all forms of human expression that do not rely on words. Psychologists believe that reading non-verbal signals is the most important condition effective communication. Why are nonverbal cues so important in communication? about 70% of information a person perceives precisely through the visual (visual) channel; non-verbal signals allow you to understand the true feelings and thoughts from the interlocutor. 19
The importance of non-verbal cues in business communication is confirmed by experimental studies, which say that words (to which we attach such great importance) reveal only 7% of the meaning, sounds, 38% of the meaning are sounds and intonations, and 55% - postures and gestures. Non-verbal communication includes five subsystems: 1. Spatial subsystem (interpersonal space). 2. Look. 3. Optical - kinetic subsystem, which includes: - appearance interlocutor, - facial expressions (facial expression), - pantomime (postures and gestures). 4. Paralinguistic or near-speech subsystem, including: - vocal qualities of the voice, - its range, - tonality, - timbre. 5. Extra-linguistic or extra-speech subsystem, which includes: - rate of speech, - pauses, - laughter, etc. 20
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Facial expression Facial expression is the most important source of information about a person, especially about his feelings. The most prominent expression of facial expressions is the smile, which, while not being overused, is a good positive stimulus. Smiling tends to convey friendliness, but over-smiling often reflects a need for approval... A forced smile in an unpleasant situation betrays feelings of apology and concern... A smile accompanied by raised eyebrows indicates submission, while a smile with lowered eyebrows expresses superiority Visual eye contact is, as you know, the mirror of the soul, so visual contact. Can be singled out as a separate specific skill. Direct eye contact is another way to say: I'm with you, I want to hear what you have to say 22
Head nods Head nods - very good way show the client that you are listening to him. Watching the pros at work shows how therapeutic a simple head nod can be, combined with good eye contact and reactions like 'Uh-huh' and 'I understand'. Tone, tempo and loudness of the voice The voice is an important means of expressing a whole range of subjective feelings and meanings. The tone and pace of speech can tell a lot about a person's emotional state. As a rule, the speed of speech increases when the speaker is excited, agitated or worried. The one who tries to convince his interlocutor also speaks quickly. Slow speech often indicates depression, arrogance or fatigue. 23
The result of my presentation There are two main types of communication. In human society, communication can be carried out both verbally and non-verbally. Verbal communication for a person is the main and universal way of communication. Any other way of interaction can be expressed by means of the language. However, as already mentioned, everything can be expressed by means of language. And the communicative function, as mentioned in previous chapters, is one of the most important functions of the language. 24
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Communication is the process of establishing and developing between people.
Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, which consists in the exchange of information, as well as in the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living beings, but only at the human level does the process of communication become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. The person who transmits information is called the communicator, and the person who receives it is called the recipient. 2
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3 VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS Improving your verbal communication skills Spoken language is still the most common form of communication.
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To be understood, it is not enough to have good diction. You must be clear about what you are going to say. In addition, you must choose such words so that your thought is correctly understood. If a person has to speak to a large audience, he formulates theses for himself or otherwise prepares for a report. But in everyday life, oral communication requires spontaneity, and this can cause anxiety, insecurity, and even fear in a person. You can start working on oral speech by expanding your vocabulary.
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Examples of verbal communication
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People use written communication less often than oral communication. But with the advent of e-mail, the importance of written communication has greatly increased. Any written communication has one undeniable advantage over oral communication. By compiling it, you have the opportunity to think, put your thoughts in order and, if necessary, even rewrite it cleanly. However, the shortcomings of written communication should also be noted. A written message cannot convey the intonation of your voice and gestures. 6
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Verbal communication is the most researched type of human communication. In addition, it is the most universal way to convey thought. It is possible to ‘translate’ a message created using any other sign system into verbal human language. For example, a red light signal is translated as ‘passage closed’, ‘stop’; a raised finger, covered with the palm of the other hand, as ‘an additional minute of a break’ in sports, etc. 7
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Non-verbal communication
Non-verbal communication, better known as the language of postures and gestures, includes all forms of human self-expression that do not rely on words. Psychologists believe that reading non-verbal signals is the most important condition for effective communication. Why are non-verbal cues so important in communication? about 70% of information a person perceives precisely through the visual (visual) channel; non-verbal signals allow you to understand the true feelings and thoughts of the interlocutor. 9
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The great importance of non-verbal signals in business communication is confirmed by experimental studies, which say that words (to which we attach such great importance) reveal only 7% of the meaning, sounds, 38% of the meaning are sounds and intonations and 55% - postures and gestures. Non-verbal communication includes five subsystems: 1. Spatial subsystem (interpersonal space). 2. Look. 3. Optical-kinetic subsystem, which includes: - the appearance of the interlocutor, - facial expressions (facial expression), - pantomime (postures and gestures). 4. Paralinguistic or near-speech subsystem, including: - vocal qualities of the voice, - its range, - tonality, - timbre. 5. Extralinguistic or extra-speech subsystem, which includes: - rate of speech, - pauses, - laughter, etc. 10
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One of the first types of communication of our ancestors
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Facial expression Facial expression is the most important source of information about a person, especially about his feelings. The most prominent expression of facial expressions is the smile, which, while not being overused, is a good positive stimulus. “Smiling tends to convey friendliness, but over-smiling often reflects a need for approval... A forced smile in an unpleasant situation betrays feelings of apology and concern... A smile accompanied by raised eyebrows expresses submission, while a smile with lowered eyebrows expresses superiority Eye Contact - this, as you know, is a mirror of the soul, therefore visual contact. Can be singled out as a separate specific skill. Direct eye contact is another way to say, “I'm with you, I want to hear what you have to say 13
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Head nods Head nods are a very good way to show the client that you are listening. Watching professionals at work shows how therapeutic a simple head nod is, combined with good eye contact and reactions like “Uh-huh” and “I understand.” Tone, tempo and loudness of the voice The voice is an important means of expressing a whole range of subjective feelings and meanings. The tone and pace of speech can tell a lot about a person's emotional state. As a rule, the speed of speech increases when the speaker is excited, agitated or worried. The one who tries to convince his interlocutor also speaks quickly. Slow speech often indicates depression, arrogance, or fatigue. 14
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Summary of my presentation
Two main types of communication should be distinguished. In human society, communication can be carried out both verbally and non-verbally. Verbal communication for a person is the main and universal way of communication. Any other way of interaction can be expressed by means of the language. However, as already mentioned, everything can be expressed by means of language. And the communicative function, as mentioned in previous chapters, is one of the most important functions of the language. The work was performed by a 2nd year student of the Black Sea State Academy Azarov Yu.V. 15
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Non-verbal ways of communication in the pedagogical process
Completed by: Boldyreva N.I.
Non-verbal communication is "sign language", such forms of self-expression that do not rely on words and other speech symbols. In non-verbal communication, the means of transmitting information are non-verbal signs (postures, gestures, facial expressions, intonations, attitudes, spatial arrangement, etc.). Non-verbal communication is especially valuable because it is spontaneous and manifests itself unconsciously. Therefore, despite the fact that people weigh their words and control their facial expressions, it is often possible for hidden feelings to leak through gestures, intonation and voice coloring. That is, non-verbal communication channels rarely provide false information, as they are less controllable than verbal communication.
Non-verbal communication is carried out in the process of verbal communication in parallel with verbal communication and is the most important means of communication and mutual understanding of people (I.N. Gorelov, G.V. Kolshansky, V.P. Morozov, K.F. Sedov, V.A. Labunskaya and others). Man speaks with his whole being. Psychologists have found that in the process of communication with the help of verbal means, only 20-40% of information is transmitted and received. The rest of the communication is done through non-verbal means.
Non-verbal means of communication facilitate mutual adaptation to each other and create the opportunity to coordinate joint actions. The ability to express one's intentions, feelings and states by non-verbal means depends on the culture of the person. N.I. Shevandrin highlights the following types non-verbal means of communication:
1. Visual: a) kinesics: movements of the arms, head, legs, torso, gait; facial expression, eyes; posture, posture, head position; gaze direction, visual contacts; skin reactions (redness, blanching, sweating, etc.); b) proxemics (spatial and temporal organization of communication): the distance to the interlocutor, the angle of rotation to him, the space of communication; c) auxiliary means of communication: emphasizing or hiding body features (signs of gender, age, race); d) means of transforming the natural physique: clothes, hair, cosmetics, glasses, jewelry, mustaches, beards, small objects in hands.
2. Acoustic: a) paralinguistic (voice quality, its range, tone): loudness, timbre, rhythm, pitch; b) extralinguistic: speech pauses, laughter, crying, sighs, clapping.
3 . Tactile (takeshika): touch, hug, kiss.
4 . Olfactory: pleasant and unpleasant odors environment; natural and artificial human odors.
The main tasks of non-verbal communication are the following: creating and maintaining psychological contact, regulation of the communication process; giving new semantic shades to the verbal text, the correct interpretation of words; expression of emotions, assessments, roles, meaning of the situation .
Non-verbal movements, as noted by V.A. Labunskaya, correlate differently with speech: 1) express the same thing as speech; 2) anticipate the meanings conveyed by speech; 3) express meanings that contradict the content of speech; 4) can fill in or explain periods of silence, indicating the speaker's intention to continue his remark, in search of a suitable word; 5) can replace individual words or phrases; 6) can regulate the flow of speech, emphasize one or another part of verbal communication
Gestures are reproducible meaningful movements of the hands and head, poses designed for the perception of recipients, designed to convey emotional and intellectual information, having a socially fixed form. In the "language" of gestures used in everyday human communication, two types of gesture systems can be distinguished. The first system is formed by gestures-signs, i.e. deliberately reproduced movements or postures of the hands and head, calculated on someone's perception and intended to convey information. The second system includes signaling gestures that are involuntary, unconscious and not intended for anyone's perception (although they are meaningful to an experienced observer). The choice of gesture is determined by personal characteristics, relationships between communication partners, and the situation of communication.
Pantomime - set expressive body movements that accompany speech and emotions (posture and posture, body movements that play an important role in the appearance of a person). People with poor pantomime are not able to clearly express their emotional state, perceive non-verbal information of the interlocutor, which makes communication difficult.
The science of proxemics, which its author E. Hall called "spatial psychology", deals with the norms of the spatial and temporal organization of communication. E. Hall proposed 4 categories of spatial communication, four clear spatial zones that surround each other like concentric circles on water. 1. Intimate zone (from 15 to 45 cm). Of all the zones, this is the most important, since it is her that a person guards as if it were his property. Only those persons who are in close emotional contact with him are allowed to enter this zone. These are children, parents, spouses, lovers, close friends and relatives.
2 . Personal zone (from 45 to 120 cm). This distance is used in everyday communication with familiar people. This distance usually separates us when we are at receptions, formal evenings and friendly parties.
3 . Social zone (from 120 to 400 cm). At this distance, we communicate during official meetings with strangers, that is, such a distance is accepted when communicating with people whom we do not know very well.
4. Public, or public, zone (more than 4 m). When communicating with large groups of people, it will be more convenient for both the lecturer and listeners to transmit and perceive information at such a distance from each other.
In the process of pedagogical communication, the role of language as a polyfunctional sign system dominates in comparison with non-verbal systems. The semantics of the word, the meaning of the grammatical categories of the language are not personal, but in speech the same language units can be perceived by the listener in different ways - depending on the intonation of the speaker, from the good (or mocking) smile, from an unexpected gesture. This is due to the fact that the perception of a word-sign (language unit) is enriched by the simultaneous complex perception of signs of another system - non-verbal. The ability to "decode" non-verbal information - important condition communication effectiveness and a special skill that is professionally required for a teacher.
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verbal communication. The presentation was prepared by the teacher 2 young. group No. 1 MDOU comb. type d / s No. 12 "Pearl" Alieva E.N
The means of communication are divided into verbal and non-verbal.
Verbal communication is speech. With it, a person can express his thoughts, it is the most common way of communication. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of oral speech: information is not only transmitted, but also specified, stimulates a person to develop. As you know, truth is born in a dispute - this is one of the tasks that verbal communication solves.
This type of communication can carry the function of a message or motivation. If a person points to an object, then this is an indicative (indicative) function.
Expressing his thoughts, a person uses the function of utterance (predicative). Another important task that verbal communication performs is to stimulate a person to action, decision, desire. This function is called the motivation function.
The feature is that great value has an emotional tone. The same words, spoken with different intonation, can cause a different reaction in the interlocutor: consent or aggression, a desire to think. In the same way, the same idea can be conveyed using different words, thereby having a different effect on the opponent.
Verbal communication Oral speech Written speech
Speak kindly. Speak well to your interlocutor. Observe speech etiquette, rules of courtesy. Don't interrupt. Follow the rules of your communicative role. Rules of verbal behavior in dialogue:
Non-verbal communication is "body language". And often it gives more truthful information about the feelings of the one who is talking to you. This type of communication can be expressed in several forms. Non-verbal means of communication are needed in order to regulate the process of communication, create psychological contact between partners; enrich the meanings conveyed by words; help interpret the verbal text; express emotions.
Currently, the language of facial expressions and gestures is given more and more importance. This way of transmitting information is natural. We often do not pay attention to our body movements, meanwhile they not only carry information that our mind perceives, but are also able to influence another person. Conclusion
Non-verbal communication significantly enriches our speech, makes it brighter, more emotional. From 60 to 95% of information is transmitted through non-verbal communication. Non-verbal means of communication are used in fiction(especially in dramatic works), in criminalistics.
Sukhomlinsky "Words can kill - revive, hurt - heal, sow confusion and hopelessness - and spiritualize"
Thank you for your attention!
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