Writing assignments for 6 year olds. Preparing the hand for writing of preschool children. Preparing your hand for writing: a system of exercises for fingers

Good day, friends! Some mothers and fathers, when preparing their child for school, pay close attention to whether the child can read and count. And they completely forget about other aspects of the process. For example, about the development of fine motor skills. But the success of a child’s education at school directly depends on this. I hope you are not one of those careless parents. And today I want to tell you about how my favorite student Artemka and I are developing our hand for writing.

In general, I would not equate the concepts of “development of fine motor skills” and “preparing the hand for writing.” I would mark it as “approximately correct”. Motor development is a broader concept. Motor skills are not only needed for writing, they also affect speech.

Any exercise to develop motor skills prepares a child for writing. But some tasks for preparing for writing have nothing to do with motor skills.

Lesson plan:

Hand preparation plan.

So, let's figure out how to make sure that little hands can withstand the load that will fall on them at school?

1. It is necessary to prepare the small muscles of the hand for work. In order to hold the handle and at the same time make many small movements, the muscles must be strong. What makes muscles strong? Training of course!
2. You need to make your fingers dexterous and able to handle small objects. You need to teach your brain to give the right signals to your fingers. Try to remember how you felt the first time you used Chinese chopsticks, rather than the usual fork and spoon, to eat. If this has never happened to you before, be sure to try it. And you will understand what a small child experiences. My fingers don't obey. Not because they don’t want to, but because they don’t know what is required of them. But if you give them work constantly, they will quickly learn.
3. You need to teach your fingers to hold a pen correctly. And as soon as possible. And also explain to the child how to sit at the desk, how to place the notebook in front of him.
4. Doing graphic exercises will definitely benefit your future first-grader. Will allow him to get used to a new type of activity.
5. A simple piece of checkered paper is a great way to get ready for school. It is necessary to teach the child to navigate it.

Well, now let’s talk in more detail about what exercises we do with my youngest son Artemka, who will also go to first grade in the new school year.

Developing arm muscles

All the exercise equipment necessary for the development of manual muscles can be found in any home, these are:

• plasticine;
• scissors;
• paper;
• wire;
• dough;

The list goes on, but sometimes even these simple things are not needed.

Our classes are divided into:

1. Ordinary, familiar, creative work.
2. Finger gymnastics.

Typical creative work is:

• paper cutting;
• applications;
• working with dough;
• wire modeling;

Artem knows how to sculpt from plasticine and loves it. So there is no need to force him. I buy the most ordinary plasticine. To stretch it, to warm it, you have to try. And that's all we need.

Scissors are also a great trainer. Albeit dangerous. The main thing is to show the child how to use them correctly. It took a long time for Theme to cut it out. But we tried, we trained, and now he has already learned. It also happens that we do not cut the paper, but tear it with our fingers. Such torn paper makes beautiful unusual appliqués.

When our grandmother prepares homemade dumplings, and she is a real expert at this, she begs Artyom to help. He is happy to help her. And there is always a piece of dough left for Artyom’s personal use, which he then plays with, sculpts, rolls out, kneads.

It's interesting to work with wire. You can do a lot with it too. Various rings and figures. Artem first makes the frame, and then covers it with plasticine on top. It turns out great.

Finger gymnastics

I think there are hardly any parents who have never heard of it. There are many different poems to which this gymnastics is done. But Artem said that he was already too big for such nursery rhymes. I had to come up with something more modern. And we got the “Super Fingers!” system.

Super fingers system

In fact, this is such a strange plot-role-playing game. The main participants are my hands and Artem’s hands. We put our hands on the table and they come to life. They talk to each other in our voices. Sometimes when someone blurts out something, you laugh for half an hour and can’t calm down. In general, although a strange, but very fun game.

My hands are trainers, and the Temins came to the fitness club to exercise. The coach shows what needs to be done, the others repeat. Everything is like in life.

Our training plan:

1. "Warm-up." She's the first. Rub your palms together to warm up before training. Three until they become warm.
2. "Training our fingers." Starting position – palms on the table, fingers extended forward. And one - swing up the little finger of one hand, and two - swing the ring finger of the same hand, and three - swing the middle finger. And so we reach the little finger of the second hand, and then back. Next, we begin to wave two little fingers, two ring fingers, etc.
3. "Barbell". Let's start with strength exercises. Palms on the table, fingers extended. We hold a pencil between the second phalanges of the index and middle fingers. And we try to hold the pencil with our fingers and lift it up.
4. "Race walking" The index and middle fingers are like legs. Again, a pencil is sandwiched between them. Holding the pencil, we begin to walk along the table with our fingers. It is impossible to run in this position. The steps are very small.
5. "Rollers". Where do the rollers in the fitness club come from? We will discuss this issue later. In the meantime, let's go for a ride. Plastic bottle caps work well as rollers. We “put” the rollers on the index and middle fingers and started rolling on the table. Be careful, this is a very fast sport. Sometimes the hands collide with each other, fall, lose their rollers, cannot get up for a long time, kick their legs and shout something unintelligible. And such moments cannot but cause laughter.
6. "Exercises with the ball." Instead of a ball, we use Kinder containers. Pour salt into them to make them heavier. And just roll it from one hand to the other.
7. And finally, some fun. We arrange spider races. A little preparation, from counting sticks we lay out paths along which our spider hands will run. We put the handles on the start. The palms are raised from the table, resting on all five fingers, so that it looks like spiders. Attention! March! And the spiders ran, moving their legs, hurrying. Sometimes they are forgotten, creep onto the walls and even onto our heads.
8. The training is over! You can go home! Stop! What about “cleaning”? The chopsticks are scattered all over the table! We collect the sticks with one hand, one thing at a time.

Finger dexterity

In order to learn how to handle small objects, you need.... small items.

Beading, knitting, embroidery - all this has a great effect on the development of motor skills. Once I bought Artem a kit for making a frog from beads. But my son said that it’s not a man’s business to weave beads and advised me to give the set to Alexandra. Sasha is his older sister. So I did. Sashulya was happy! Artem too!

Well, for Temka we bought a Lego set with small parts. He loves to play with it and can sit for hours and build something. And he does it so well! Takes pride!

We also have an iron construction set like we used to have. Tema also makes crafts from it. Either he tightens some screws, then he unscrews some nuts, then he attaches wheels. Basically you get different cars.

Well, to develop finger dexterity, you can offer your child:

• string beads on a thread;
• tie shoelaces and bows on ribbons;
• wind threads onto a ball;
• sort through the grains or lay out pictures from them.

What's the point? Find something small, come up with a game and offer it to the child.

Holding the pen correctly

What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an axe!

And what is written with a simple pencil can be easily erased with an eraser.

This is why we don’t bring pens to preparatory courses at school. The pencil case contains only simple and colored pencils and an eraser. As the teacher explained, this is necessary so that the children do not worry too much about mistakes and can correct them. They say that it will be the same in first grade.

Pay attention to how your child holds the pencil when drawing.

Correct hand position. The pencil is held with the middle and thumb fingers, and the index finger covers the pencil from above. The little finger is pressed to the paper. The palm is turned towards the table. Hold the pencil at a distance of 2 cm from the lead. And the free end of the pencil looks at the shoulder.

If you see that a child is holding a pencil incorrectly, then this must be corrected. We cannot turn a blind eye to this. Otherwise, he will write very slowly at school.

You will find five different ways to teach your child to hold a pen correctly.

In order for your child to understand exactly how to hold a pen correctly, it is recommended to stand behind him, place the pencil correctly in his hand, take his hand in yours and write together.

It is also worth taking care of your posture. Make sure the child is sitting correctly. The back is flat, the body is slightly forward, but does not lie with the chest on the table. The legs do not hang, are not lifted up on the chair, but stand on the floor. Hips parallel to the floor. The left hand holds the notebook. Left-handers have the right one.

The notebook is placed in front of the child at an angle, at an angle. We place the lamp on the left for right-handers, and on the right for left-handers.

Graphic exercises

Graphic exercises include:

• hatching;
• coloring;
• stroke;

To complete graphic tasks, you can purchase special copybooks and coloring books. There you will find a lot of tasks to develop your graphic skills.

It is better to color pictures not with felt-tip pens, but with colored pencils. They are more useful in terms of developing fine motor skills. Because when drawing with pencils, you have to press on them. Make sure that the picture is painted neatly, evenly, without protrusions beyond the lines.

Coloring books, by the way, can also be used for shading exercises. You need to shade the pictures in different directions. Vertically, horizontally, diagonally. Keep an eye on your child while shading. Pay attention to whether he turns the sheet over when he moves from vertical to diagonal shading. This is mistake! You need to learn to control your hand, not a piece of paper.

Tasks where you are asked to circle something are excellent for developing precision in hand movements. For example, a drawing that is depicted with a dotted line.

A lot of graphic exercises can be found in children's magazines. Do you buy magazines? We are now “hooked” on “Extracurricular Magazine”. This is a very young publication. In March of this year, only issue 4 went on sale. In addition to hand exercises, there are many interesting tasks to develop memory, attention, and thinking.

Orientation on a sheet of paper

To develop orientation, we use a large checkered sheet.

First you need to explain to your child what a cell is. What do you mean when you say this word. Show where the cell is top, bottom, right and left. Try counting the cells.

The same goes for a piece of paper. Where is his center? Where are the top left, top right, bottom left and bottom right corners? Offer your child tasks like this: draw some shapes in the center and three corners, and leave one corner empty. Let the child draw something himself in this corner. Ask him what part of the sheet is his drawing on?

Three more cool exercises:

1. Drawing by cells.
2. Copying patterns.
3. Mirror drawing.

Drawing by cells

For children 6-7 years old it’s perfect. Place a dot on the sheet. This is the beginning of the drawing. The child places a pencil on the point. And you tell him where he needs to go. For example, 2 cells down, one to the left, three up, etc. You speak, the child listens and draws.

Want to try? Let me dictate, and you draw:

• one square up
• one cell to the right;
• one up;
• one to the right;
• six squares up;
• five to the left;
• one up;
• one to the right;
• one up;
• one to the right;
• one up;
• one to the right;
• one up;
• two to the right;
• one up;
• one to the right;
• one down;
• two to the right;
• one down;
• one to the right;
• one down;
• one to the right;
• one down;
• one to the right;
• one down;
• five to the left;
• seven down;
• one to the left;
• one down;
• two to the left.

Finished the exercise! Please tell us in the comments what kind of picture you got?

Patterns are also drawn in cells. You can add creative elements to them, all sorts of circles, waves, dots, crosses. The parents’ task is to start the pattern, the child’s task is to continue it according to the pattern. Well, or you can find samples of patterns in the copybooks.

Mirror drawing

This is when one part of a symmetrical pattern is drawn, but the other is not. The child, relying on the drawn part of the picture and counting the cells, must draw the entire picture.

Well, that seems to be all, friends.

Oh! I almost forgot! We also have the game “Twister”. Just not the one you stand on with your feet, but a special one for your fingers. The tasks are as follows: thumb on red, middle finger on blue, little finger on yellow, etc. It just seems that everything is simple. In fact, during the game, your fingers do such things that you are amazed!

Let's, friends, marvel together! From how beautiful our children’s handwriting is, and from how wonderful everything is at their school! But for this now you need to work hard. Although, what kind of work is this? Lots of fun and fun games!

And here’s a video about how you can have fun teaching your child how to hold a hand correctly.

That's all for sure now. As always, I welcome those wishing to express their point of view in the comments. Thank you for your attention!

Always yours, Evgenia Klimkovich.

Irina Irizbaeva
Preparing the hand for writing in older preschoolers

Writing is a difficult skill, including the performance of finely coordinated graphic skills. Technique letters requires coordinated work of the small muscles of the hand and the entire hands, correct coordination of body movement, visual concentration for voluntary regulation of activity, as well as a certain functional maturity of the cerebral cortex.

After 5-6 years in children, in the cerebral cortex, according to the laws of the formation of conditioned reflexes, the conditioned reflex functions of reading and letters.

At the age of 6 - 7 years is a sensitive period for hand development hands. At this age, by organizing various types of activities and systematically using training exercises, you can achieve good results in the development of hand motor skills (coordination, accuracy, flexibility). Mastery by letter - long, a labor-intensive process.

Work on preparing your hand for writing must be systematic and comprehensive. Stages preparing your hand for writing:

Preparatory;

Basic;

Final.

Preparatory stage includes myself:

Special physical exercises;

Visual activities;

Development of fine motor skills of the hands.

Special physical exercises. Exercises and games using a variety of sports equipment (balls, hoops, pins, ribbons) and other items, toys in physical education classes and outside of classes with children (morning exercises, physical education minutes, outdoor games for a walk) open up wide opportunities for developing preschoolers coordinated movements of all units hands and small muscle training hands. Development of fine movements hands promote physical exercises based on grasping movements and developing hand strength. Climbing, moving from apparatus to apparatus, and swinging on a rope contribute to the development of precision in hand movements and teach you how to dose your efforts.

On preparing your hand for writing fine art influences well activity: modeling, drawing, and specially selected exercises: outlining and shading geometric shapes and outline images of vegetables, fruits, leaves, etc.

Of particular importance is decorative drawing - drawing ornaments and patterns. At the same time, the child practically masters the representation of various elements on a plane, and later on convex planes; learns to correctly determine the direction of lines and movement hands, gets acquainted with the rhythmic, compositional construction of ornaments, develops an eye. All this is directly related to preparation for writing.

Positive impact on preparing a child's hand for writing also provides coloring. Ready-made coloring albums can be used for this purpose. It is necessary to draw children's attention to ensure that the image is painted over thoroughly, evenly, and neatly. We need to teach children not to rush, to color diligently, in several stages to avoid overwork.

Development of fine motor skills hands

Finger games

Finger games help the hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears, which will facilitate the acquisition of skills in the future. letters.

Original crafts from affordable material: napkins, egg shells, boxes. Such activities promote the active development of fine motor skills and help strengthen the most important skills of planning, control and self-esteem.

"Rug for a doll"

Stringing: buttons, beads, horns and pasta, dryers, cardboard circles, tree leaves, rowan berries.

Laying out letters from seeds and sticks.

Cutting out various figures.

Outlining flat shapes. You can circle All: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a flat toy, etc.

We build a fence, house, tree, etc. - from counting sticks

Wonderful bag” - identify vegetables and fruits by touch

Bird tracks on the sand - we draw on the sand with our fingers, we draw large and small objects, imitation of the process of birds pecking at grains.

The main stage includes myself:

Hygiene letters;

Form the correct grip of a pencil;

Hatching;

Learning to navigate on a sheet of paper;

Hygiene letters

Landing at letter. The desk, table and chair must correspond to the height of the child. The inclined position of the desk lid is conducive to preserving vision when letter, helps reduce fatigue in the neck and back muscles. The torso should be kept straight, shoulders straightened and at the same height. Chest does not touch the table (the distance from the table to the chest is approximately the width of the palm). The legs, bent at the knees at a right angle, rest the entire foot on the floor or on a stand.

Hand position when letter. The writer's hand should lie on the table so that the right elbow hands protruded slightly beyond the edge of the table, and the right hand moved freely along the line, and the left hand lay on the table and held the worksheet from below. The left hand should under no circumstances rest on the knees - this leads to the raising of the writer’s shoulder. hands, which contributes to the occurrence of poor posture.

Writing brush position hands. Right hand hands Most of the palm should be facing the table surface; the fulcrum points are the nail phalanx of the slightly bent little finger and the lower part of the palm.

Notebook position. Not only the clarity of handwriting depends on the position of the notebook, but also the ability to sit correctly when letter. In order to choose the correct distance to the notebook, the child needs to place his palms on the table (desk, with his thumbs down along the edge of the table. The notebook should be placed at the tips of his outstretched fingers, moved slightly to the right and lowered the left edge. The inclined position of the notebook contributes to the inclined position of the letters At first, the notebook is supported by the left hand from below.As the page is filled, the notebook moves up, and the left hand holds it from above.

Form a correct pencil grip. Free movement of the writing hands is ensured primarily by how the child takes the pencil. It should be held on the left side of the middle finger. The thumb supports the handle on the left, and the index finger on top. The ring finger and little finger can be inside the palm or lie freely at the base of the fingers, with the upper end of the handle directed towards the writer’s shoulder. The distance from the tip of the rod to the index finger is about two centimeters. When the handle is positioned correctly, the index finger can be lifted up easily and the handle does not fall off. At the same time, the pen must be held freely so that all joints of the index finger are raised. The bending of the first joint of the index finger indicates excessive tension when holding the handle. The consequence of this is premature fatigue and a decrease in pace. letters. The optimal handle length is 15 centimeters. It is better not to use very short, excessively long and thick handles for letters.

Special pen simulators can help a child learn to hold a pen correctly. They come in two types. The device is a silicone fish that can be attached to any pencil or pen. The fins of this fish have three indentations for the fingers. Take the fish to hands It's almost impossible to get it wrong.

Triangular colored pencils are made using the principle of a cone trainer. This is the best option for pencils that you can choose for your baby. First of all, they are thick. Due to this, it is convenient for the child to hold them in his hand. Secondly, they are triangular. This allows you to hold the pencils correctly. Thirdly, they are soft. It doesn’t take much effort for a child to paint, draw, and write.

To develop the skill of holding a pencil, finger games are used (especially with the thumb and index finger, exercises with a pencil (Twist the pencil with two fingers, three fingers, game exercises like Salt the soup.

Exercises to relax your fingers and hands hands:

“Let's pet the kitten” - smooth movements illustrating the corresponding action, performed first with one hand, then with the other. (3-5 times).

“Jolly painters” - synchronous movements of both hands up and down with simultaneous connection of the wrist swing (3 times, then left - right (3 times).

“Bunny” – i. p.: the hand rests on the elbow; The index and middle fingers are straightened and spread apart, the remaining fingers are clenched into a fist.

“Ring” – i. n. the same; The thumb and index fingers are connected into a ring, the remaining fingers are straightened and spread apart.

Then, exercises in combining speech with movement, for example, with nursery rhymes, are effective.

Various tasks related to shading play a major role in the development of graphic skills. Hatching is performed under the guidance of a teacher. He shows how it is performed, controls the parallelism of the lines, their direction, the child’s posture and how he holds the pencil. The rules must be followed shading:

Hatch in a given direction

Do not go beyond the contours of the figure

Keep the lines parallel

Do not bring the strokes closer together; the distance between them should be 0.5 cm.

For shading, ready-made contour images of objects, drawing images followed by shading, and children tracing ready-made stencils can be used.

Simultaneously with the development of motor and muscular capabilities of the fingers hands The child must be introduced to the image of a particular letter, creating a model of it in memory. To do this you need the finest sandpaper (or velvet) cut out the letters and stick them on a piece of cardboard. Leading index finger hands the child traces the contours of the letters, remembers their images and elements. The work on perceiving the shape of a letter through tactile and kinesthetic sensations was first proposed by the Italian teacher M. Montessori. And it became widespread already in the 20s of the 20th century.

In addition, hand-eye coordination is developed through activities in which you need to draw lines from one drawing to another. "Tracks" along a straight, wavy line or through a labyrinth, in which it is necessary to determine "What is drawn", connecting all the dots.

Various tasks: “Complete the left (right) side of the object" “Complete the drawing, following the sequence”, "Continue the series", “Draw the same one”, “Complete the pattern” and etc.

Learning to navigate on a sheet of paper.

Formation of graphic skill as a technical side letters largely depends on the child’s ability to navigate on a piece of paper. This is due to the fact that the letter shapes (To letter which the child will begin in the future) are determined not only by the composition of the elements included in them, but also by their quantity, size and location relative to the working line. Consequently, in order for a child to acquire graphic skills, he must consciously assimilate the visual image of a letter, clearly imagine what elements it consists of and in what spatial and quantitative relationships these elements are combined in each individual letter.

Many children preschool ages are difficult to navigate on a sheet of paper. Therefore, it is advisable to conduct exercises with them to develop visual and spatial perception. They help develop and improve orientation on a sheet of paper and the skill of moving along it. hands.

Exercises, games, and various tasks to develop graphic skills are one of the areas of correctional work. The purpose of graphic exercises is to develop the ability to “enter” a cell, outline it, draw straight lines from top to bottom and from left to right along the line; place a circle inside the cell; connect the corners of the cells diagonally; draw wavy lines without lifting the pencil from the sheet of paper and without going beyond the horizontal lines of the ruler.

By performing graphic exercises, children not only acquire the necessary graphic skills, but also learn to navigate in a limited plane (a line in a squared notebook, develop mental activity, attention, and memory.

One of the effective techniques is the so-called "graphic dictation". At the first stages, children examine the finished composition of the ornament, analyze it and reproduce it from memory. Another one may be offered option: children create an ornament from dictation. On squared paper, children draw segments under dictation, counting a certain number of squares in the indicated direction. If the child has made no mistakes, he will create a pattern or drawing.

When preparing your child for school, you can also carry out such tasks. Children are offered cards with different shapes (square, circle, dot, cross) and tasks for them. For example:

Draw a figure to the right or left of the vertical line.

Place a circle, draw a cross to the right of it, and put a dot to the left of the cross.

Draw a dot, below the dot - a cross, to the right of the dot - a circle.

Draw a square, a cross to the right of it, and a dot above the cross.

Determining the right and left sides of an object. Hold the book with both hands and then show the right and left sides of the book. Determine the right and left sides of the object that lies on the table.

The final stage is typing letters

In order for the child to successfully prepared for the letter, it is necessary to regularly and systematically conduct classes on the development of fine motor skills, sensorimotor coordination, teach how to navigate in space and on a sheet of paper, practice with shading, and typing letters. It is very important to follow hygiene rules letters to maintain the child’s posture and health.

Hello, dear colleagues and caring parents!

I conduct classes with older preschoolers to prepare for school. My classes are comprehensive and, of course, preparing your hand for writing is one of the important stages in my classes.

In my work I use Olesya Zhukova’s recipe “Preparing the hand for writing. Let's learn to write." Personally, I really like this tutorial. Today, I want to introduce you more closely to the recipe “Preparing the hand for writing.”

All copybook material is logically arranged and according to the principle “from simple to complex.” Each page corresponds to one activity.

The first lessons in copywriting are teaching the child to draw various lines: horizontal, vertical, lines at an angle, wavy lines.

The next block of lessons is “Learning colors. Multi-colored pages."

Each page of the copybook is educational and developmental in nature. On the copybook pages you will find many different interesting tasks: exercises for the development of logic, thinking, and general outlook.

In the copybook “Preparing the hand for writing” there is a block of lessons on writing printed numbers from 1 to 5 and a block of lessons “Learning to write in cells”.

Well, and of course, the biggest block is “Learning to write letters” (printed, of course).

In order not to spend money on buying a copybook for each student, I print scanned pages of the copybook on a printer.

Today I will share with you all the scanned pages of Olesya Zhukova’s copybook “Preparing the hand for writing. Let's learn to write."

What’s also important is that I print pages in A4 format. For preschoolers, font and picture size is very important.

It will be better when preschoolers trace letters and other pictures in a large size, because the small muscles of their fingers are still weak and get tired quickly, especially when drawing or shading small pictures.

My preschoolers write and draw on the copybook pages with soft colored pencils. I put cardboard sheets under the copy sheet to make it more enjoyable for the children to write and draw.

To diversify your lessons in preparing your hand for writing, you can use simple but very exciting exercises.

Download the copybook: https://yadi.sk/d/qOmBix0Oa9GFB

Preparing this display took us a lot of time. We have tried to collect here all the recipes for preschoolers known to us that have ever been released on the market. Some of them have not been used in educational institutions for a long time, but this does not make them ineffective in teaching children to write.
With the help of letters and numbers, your child will learn the basics of writing and literacy, and will be able to independently write numbers on paper in a square or line.

In mathematics (numbers)

Mathematical copybooks are an indispensable assistant in preparing for school. Practice shows that children whose parents taught them how to write numbers correctly more often become excellent and good students in elementary school.

Kolesnikova E.V. for 5-7 years old math by cells

Download

Kolesnikova E.V. for 4-5 years old math steps

Download link

Shevelev K.V. for 6-7 years old mathematical copybooks

Part 1
Part 2

Pererson L.G. and Suvorina E.A. - learning to write numbers for 3-4 years and older

This book is in two parts from famous authors for free download. In the preparatory group of kindergarten it is often used by teachers. It never hurts to practice with your child.

Part 1
Part 2 The manual will teach your child how to spell numbers, which is so necessary for learning mathematics in the 5th grade. It also contains tasks for the development of graphic skills, and for a mathematical bias - geometric shapes.

Nefedova and Uzorova 3000 exercises for preschoolers

This manual contains not only a sample and example of what this kind of manual should look like, but also a full cycle of teaching how to spell numbers. Perhaps these are the best copybooks..
Download for free and without registration

Russian language and literacy (letters)

Russian workbook for 5-6 years old, checkered

This literacy guide is intended for children in the senior group of kindergarten. Funny copybooks for children, in which the main character is a duckling, will help teach future first-graders how to write the elements of letters. The entire alphabet in the form of a copybook is in front of us.

Printed and written letters Fedosov N.A. for 5-7 years

These copybooks will teach any child how to write uppercase and lowercase letters. They comply with the Federal State Educational Standard. Designed for use in preschool educational institutions.

Lunkina - preparation for school 5-7 years literacy training

In these copybooks, the author Lunkina teaches children to read and write in an entertaining way. First sticks and hooks, and then the whole alphabet, then letter combinations. And all this with a workbook with tasks.

Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronin O.V. by letter

2 parts of a textbook from famous authors for preparing for school. With their help you can learn how to print block letters. We ourselves learn to write letters with their help.

Download and print part 1
Download and print part 2

Developing letters from Nyankovskaya N.N.

Helps to form a graphic representation of letters and their connection. An interesting and educational guide for preschoolers. Most of the book is devoted to hooks, dashes, shading, ticks, and lines. Only then does learning move on to letters.

First and correct! With shading

This manual contains the whole alphabet. 98 pages to learn how to write all the letters of the Russian alphabet. Everything is depicted quite large. A great idea both for preparing for school and for younger preschoolers.

Denisova, Dorozhkin for preparatory group

Literacy lessons for kids from the domestic publishing house of copybooks.

Zhirenko, Kolodyazhnykh - elements of letters, basic writing

An excellent tool for developing writing skills in preschool children.

Vowels and consonants. Author: Zhukova

We did not post the copybooks of the authors Ilyukhina, Kozlova, Vasilyeva, Belykh and Nishcheva, due to the fact that we have already heard stories about complaints from copyright holders about sites where files for downloading are posted. We hope for your understanding and are constantly working to improve the content of the site.
In an oblique ruler

Copybook pictures (templates)

Letters of the Russian alphabet

The letter a

PREPARING YOUR HANDS FOR WRITING

Preparing your hand for writing: a system of exercises for preparing the hand for writing, tasks for developing manual skills for children of senior preschool age, readiness of the child’s hand for writing.

PREPARING YOUR HANDS FOR WRITING

Letter- This is a difficult skill for a child that requires finely coordinated movements, coordinated work of small muscles of the hand, the ability to concentrate, and the ability to control one’s activities. Mastering writing is a labor-intensive process that usually occurs in the first months of children’s stay at school. However, both in the preschool years in the family and in kindergarten, a lot can be done to prepare the child for this process and make it easier for the future first-grader to master writing.
It is important to prepare the hand for writing in the preschool years, and not to teach the child to write. These are two completely different tasks!

Preparing the hand for writing in preschool age includes several areas:

Development of manual skills (creating crafts, designing, drawing, modeling, which develop fine motor skills, eye, accuracy, the ability to finish a job started, attention, spatial orientation),

Development in children of a sense of rhythm, the ability to coordinate words and movements in a certain rhythm,

Development of graphic skills (this happens in the process of drawing and graphic work - drawing in cells, coloring, shading and other types of tasks),
- development of spatial orientation (the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper: right, left, upper right corner, middle, top line, bottom line) - read more about the system of entertaining games for developing spatial orientation in the article “Orientation in Space.”

PREPARING YOUR HANDS FOR WRITING: SYSTEM OF EXERCISES FOR FINGERS

Below I present one of the sets of exercises for preparing the hand for writing, developed by T.V. Fadeeva.

First exercise. "Let's raise our fingers." Hands lie on the table, palms down. You need to raise your fingers one at a time, first on one hand, then on the other. Then the exercise is repeated in reverse order.

Second exercise. “Get ready to exercise!” The hands are in the same position. You need to take turns raising your fingers on both hands at once. We start with the little fingers and end with the thumbs.

Third exercise. "Vanka - stand up." The child holds the pencil with his middle and index fingers. Then the fingers begin to “do exercises,” that is, lower and rise together with the pencil. When moving, you need to keep your fingers together and not drop the pencil.

Fourth exercise. “Gather the sticks in a basket.” Place 10-15 counting sticks on the table. If they are not there, you can replace them with pencils or other objects of the same shape (cocktail sticks, etc.). The task is to collect all the sticks one by one into a fist with one hand, without helping with the other hand. Then place them one stick at a time on the table.

Fifth exercise. "Steps". We will walk on the table with our fingers. We hold the pencil between the index and middle fingers (the pencil is held by the second phalanx of the fingers). And in this position we take steps with our fingers on the table. You need to walk while holding your pencil tightly so as not to drop it. The steps are very small.

Sixth exercise. "Spinner". Take the pencil again. We hold it by the tip with one hand. We hold one end of the pencil with the index and middle fingers of the leading hand (right for right-handed people, left for left-handed people). The other end of the pencil is directed away from the chest.

The task is to turn the pencil over and use this turn to place it in the other hand with the free end. Then another turn - and again the pencil returns to the leading hand. Making several such turns is like a wheel rolling. When rotated, the pencil “looks” in the direction from the chest forward.

Seventh exercise. "Ball." Roll the ball. Imagine that we have a ball in our palms. And we make movements with our palms, as if we were rolling it in different directions.

Eighth exercise. "Hugs." This exercise helps prevent the occurrence of writer's cramp. Writer's cramp occurs in children who are just learning to write; it is not uncommon in first-graders. When you have a writing cramp, your fingers begin to hurt a little and go numb, sometimes they tremble a little (it’s barely noticeable, but you can notice it). Writer's cramp cannot be ignored. You need to remove it if it has already arisen, or even better, prevent it with this exercise.

We sit on a chair, hands at eye level. We connect our palms to each other. We inhale through the nose. We exhale through the mouth and at the same time slightly move the right palm down - a few centimeters. At the same time, the fingers of the left hand are bent and cover the fingers of the right hand (“hug” them, placed on top of them). Inhale through the nose again, extend the fingers of the left hand and return the right palm to its place. We do the exercise in the other direction - now the left hand lowers, and the fingers of the right hand “hug” the fingers of the left hand from above. You need to perform the exercise 10-15 times.

PREPARING THE HAND FOR WRITING: DETERMINING A CHILD'S DOMINANT HAND

Before doing graphic exercises with your child, you need to identify his leading hand. Sometimes this is simple, since it is already clear that the child is right-handed. Or that he is clearly left-handed. And sometimes the child does all the tasks with one hand or the other. Why? Which hand is his dominant? How and when to determine the leading hand in preschool children, you will learn from the article “How to find out if a child is right-handed or left-handed: tests to determine a child’s dominant hand.”

PREPARING THE HAND FOR WRITING: DEVELOPING HAND SKILL

The development of manual skills has always been one of the important tasks of raising preschool children. Interesting “handwork” for children was invented by the author of the world’s first system of educational games for kids F. Froebel in the 19th century (paper folding - an analogy of modern origami, designing from peas and sticks, laying out figures from sticks and splinters, stringing, weaving patterns from strips of paper, finger games). Exercises for the development of “manual skill” were also included in the system of tasks for children developed by M. Montessori(inserts, frames for fastening and lacing, etc.), into the system OK. Schleger(working with clay, sand, wood, paper and cardboard).

TOP 30 ACTIVITIES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANUAL SKILLS AND PREPARE A CHILD'S HAND FOR WRITING:

This is important to know: To prepare for writing and perform graphic exercises with preschool children, a simple pencil is used. You cannot use felt-tip pens in these exercises, as they do not require muscle effort from the baby to draw a line.

Laying out figures and patterns from small mosaics,
- construction from small parts, from constructors that require screwing in nuts, screws,
- construction from paper and cardboard,
- weaving cords from bright colored ropes,
- work on a children's table loom,
- crocheting and knitting (the works of E. Shuleshko convincingly proved how effective knitting is in preparing children for school),
- sewing and embroidery (Note: for a 6-year-old child you need a needle 4 cm long, not thin, with a longitudinal eye. Children master stitches “forward with the needle” in a straight line, “by the needle”, “over the edge”),
- making crafts from wire,
- sewing on buttons,
- stringing beads and making children's beads,
- visual arts (modeling, applique, drawing),
- finger games,
- shading,
- making collages (cutting out shapes from magazines with scissors and putting them together into compositions),
- Woodburning,
- sawing,
- felting,
- coloring pictures (it is not the coloring itself that is important, but that the picture is colored with a pencil without going beyond the contours, carefully, slowly),
- drawing patterns on checkered paper (“continue the pattern you started”),
- completing the missing half of the picture in cells,
- tracing drawings by dots,
- laying out shapes and patterns from matches (the heads of the matches must first be cut off for the safety of the child).
- weaving different patterns from paper strips, and then from braid, coming up with your own new combinations and patterns (see “Froebel's Gifts” - weaving from strips),
- making paper beads (A rectangular strip is cut diagonally into triangles. Each triangle is twisted diagonally, the end of the triangle is glued. A colored paper bead is obtained. The beads are strung on a braid).
- cutting out garlands from paper folded like an accordion,
- decorative drawing (drawing patterns - elements of Russian paintings - Khokhloma, Gorodets, Mezen and others) - the child learns to correctly place elements on a plane, build them in rhythm,
- tasks with rulers - stencils of animals, geometric shapes, fruits, vegetables and other figures (tracing the outline of a stencil and shading it or completing drawings and coloring; drawing up pictures from elements of different stencils),
- drawing on a blackboard with chalk, colored crayons,
- origami,
- making crafts from natural materials (cones, chestnuts, twigs, leaves, seeds, peas).

PREPARING THE HAND FOR WRITING: HOW TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF READINESS OF A CHILD'S HAND FOR WRITING?

At home, you can do a few simple exercises with your child that will help determine whether your baby’s fine motor skills are well developed and whether his hand is ready for writing. Let me give an example of two traditional tasks (they are often given to children when entering school).

Task 1. Draw a circle. Show your child a circle drawn on a piece of paper. The diameter of the circle is 3-3.5 cm. And ask the child to draw exactly the same circle on his sheet of paper (with a simple pencil).

If a child’s hand is poorly developed, the following signs may be observed:
- instead of a circle you will get an oval or the circle will be too small,
- the line will be intermittent, angular, uneven; instead of one smooth movement of the hand when drawing a circle, the child will have many small intermittent movements of the hand when drawing,
- the child will strive to fix the hand motionless on a sheet of paper.

Task 2. Shrikhovka. Invite your child to shade the silhouette of a simple object (house, boat, apple or any other) with straight lines, without going beyond the boundaries of the silhouette. Show a sample - how you can hatch (horizontal hatching, vertical hatching, diagonal hatching) The child chooses in which direction he will hatch.

If the hand is not well developed, then the baby will constantly turn the image over (since he cannot change the direction of action with his hand).

PREPARING YOUR HANDS FOR WRITING: LEARNING TO HOLD A PEN AND PENCIL CORRECTLY

How to hold a pencil correctly and incorrectly when writing and doing graphic work: you need to know this!

Signs of improper use of a pencil or pen by a preschooler:

First. The child holds the pencil and pen incorrectly - he holds it with a “pinch” (gathers his fingers into a handful) or even in a fist.
Second. Incorrect finger position when holding a pen or pencil. It manifests itself in the fact that the pencil lies not on the middle finger, but on the index finger.
Third. The child holds a pencil or pen too close to the lead or too far from it.

To fix these errors, do with your child the playful finger exercise “Building a house for letters”, which will help you learn how to hold a pen in your hand correctly:

Take a pencil or pen correctly (hold the pencil between your thumb and middle finger, while stepping back from the bottom edge - the pencil lead - up a few centimeters), place your index finger on top of the pencil. The index finger can move freely up and down, and the pencil will not fall, since it is firmly held by the thumb and middle fingers. Show your child how to do this - “tap” the pencil with your index finger.
And say the poem rhythmically with your child, raising and lowering your index finger to the rhythm of the verses (knock with your index finger: “knock-knock”):

Knock, knock, hammer,
We will build a house for the letters.
Knock, knock, hammer,
Settle, letters, in it.

This exercise allows your child to understand how to hold a pen and pencil correctly.

Another one typical mistake child.
The fourth mistake is incorrect position of the hand when writing or performing graphic tasks.
How to hold a pencil or pen correctly– the top edge of a pencil or pen should be directed toward the writer’s shoulder.
How to hold a pencil or pen incorrectly– the brush is turned out, the upper end of the pencil or pen “looks” to the side or away from you. The hand and elbow hang over the table.
Show your child where the pen should “look” – towards his writing hand’s shoulder.