The times of high-quality and reliable goods have sunk into oblivion. Market analysts and sociologists almost all over the world come to such a sad conclusion. Metal parts are being replaced everywhere by plastic, and electrical and electronic components become less durable. And here is the result: grandmother's refrigerators, vacuum cleaners and washing machines worked for decades, while the current ones have a standard service life of 10 years. But very often the devices do not withstand this. And it becomes especially insulting when the device breaks down in the first days or months after purchase.
Nikolai Makarov, lawyer of the Consumer Rights Protection Society, told us about all the intricacies of warranty obligations:
If the device breaks down shortly after purchase, no later than 15 days, then it can be exchanged or returned to the seller. This rule applies to technically complex goods. The list of these goods is indicated in the list 575, approved by the Government. The list includes, for example, cars, household appliances.
All other items can be exchanged or returned within the warranty period. If the warranty period is not set, then the consumer must prove that the cause of the defects is a manufacturing defect.
Here is what the Consumer Protection Act, Article 18 says about this:
|
“In the event that defects are found in the goods, if they have not been specified by the seller, the consumer has the right, at his choice: demand a replacement for a product of the same brand (the same model and (or) article); demand a replacement for the same product of a different brand (model, article) with the corresponding recalculation purchase price; demand a commensurate reduction in the purchase price; demand immediate gratuitous elimination of product defects or reimbursement of expenses for their correction by the consumer or a third party; refuse to fulfill the contract of sale and demand the return of the amount paid for the goods. At the request of the seller and at his expense, the consumer must return the goods with defects. At the same time, the consumer has the right to demand also full compensation for losses caused to him as a result of the sale of goods of inadequate quality. Losses are reimbursed within the time limits established by this Law to meet the relevant requirements of the consumer” |
But recently, some amendments were made to this law: if earlier the exchange of technically complex goods or a refund could be required only if there were significant shortcomings, now the buyer has the right to exchange the goods if any, even minor, shortcomings are found. Complicated items can be exchanged within 15 days, the rest during the entire warranty period.
If after the purchase you simply do not like the item, then you still cannot return it. The consumer has the right to exchange only. The exchange of goods of good quality is described in detail in Article 25 of the Law on the Protection of Consumer Rights:
The consumer has the right to exchange non-food product of good quality for a similar product from the seller from whom this product was purchased, if the specified product did not fit in shape, dimensions, style, color, size or configuration
Good quality non-food items can be exchanged within fourteen days, not counting the day of purchase. The exchange of a non-food product of good quality is carried out if the specified product was not in use, its presentation, consumer properties, seals, factory labels are preserved. The exchange also greatly simplifies the preserved sales receipt or cash receipt, or another document confirming payment for the specified goods. The consumer's lack of a commodity or cash receipt or other document confirming payment for the goods, does not deprive him of the opportunity to refer to witness testimony. If the seller does not have such a product, the buyer has every reason to demand a refund.
If the purchase was made in the online store, then it can be returned within 7 days, no matter what category the product is. This is stated in the first part of Article 26 of the Law.
If appearance the product was damaged in courier delivery from an online store, you should not accept such a product. The thing must be carefully examined before signing under the carefully printed "I have no complaints about the appearance."
The practice of refunds is a completely normal procedure that sellers should not oppose. This is enshrined in the law in the same article 25:
Many sellers, when trying to exchange goods, send it for examination, even if the defect is immediately visible. This is not always legal. Sending goods for examination is possible only if the goods are of inadequate quality, and a dispute arises as to who caused this defect.
The exchange of goods must occur within 30 days, the return of money within 10 days, then penalties in the form of a penalty 1% of the price of the goods for each day of delay come into force.
Claims to the seller are most conveniently stated in writing, by registered mail. You can hand it in person, but always against a receipt with a seal.
The exchange will be made within 30 days from the date of filing the claim. The seller is obliged to remove the equipment from the apartment and pay the costs of its transportation. But if the examination establishes that the thing has broken due to the fault of the consumer, then he will be obliged to pay the seller's costs for export and examination.
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Subsequently, I found in the pantry some unusual (1) manuscripts, bound (2) in volumes and writing (3) in Latin.
Here is the correct spelling.
Subsequently, I found in the pantry some unusual manuscripts, bound in volumes and written in Latin.
unusual - adjective, traditional spelling
intertwined-communion owls. view;
written (how? with what?) - par. with dependent word.
Answer: 123
Answer: 123
Relevance: Used since 2015
Difficulty: advanced
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
If:
note
Note:
If:
perfect look
bought, redeemed;
abandoned-abandoned.
).
).
Excited excited how? this message excited
organized And educated
Or
note
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed
wounded in battle Wounded
That is, it answers the question. what did you do with the item? .
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained
BUT:
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
written beauty
A) : and others.
b): smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
Rule:
Rule:
1) on the issue
2) by value
3) by the presence of a dependent word
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
For example: calmly calm suffix H; slowly slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
1) on the issue
2) by value
3) by role in the sentence:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| hotel (living room) | |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
and many others.
| H* | |
|---|---|
| worker / enik (from toil) | |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
Inspired by the (1) success of his poem, Guys published the collection “Stolen (2) portfolio”, which included a funny parody of Milton's poem “Losing (3) paradise”. But nevertheless, his love elegies remain the most famous, in which irony and melancholy, elegance and depth are combined.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
Inspired by the success of his poem, Guys published the collection The Stolen Briefcase, which included a funny parody of Milton's poem Paradise Lost. But still, his love elegies remain the most famous, in which irony and melancholy, elegance and depth are combined.
In this offer:
winged - full participle, formed from the verb of the perfect form;
stolen - full participle, formed from the verb of the perfect form;
lost - full participle formed from a perfective verb;
connected - we write a short participle with N.
Answer: 123.
Answer: 123
Rule: Task 15. Spelling Н and НН in words of different parts of speech
SPELLING -Н-/-НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.
Traditionally, it is the most difficult topic for students, since a reasonable spelling of Н or НН is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The material "Reference" summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HH from school textbooks and gives Additional information from V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.
14.1 Н and НН in denominative adjectives (formed from nouns).
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
The suffixes of adjectives are written HH, If:
1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base on H using the suffix H: fogH + H → foggy; pocket+n → pocket, carton+n → carton
ancient (from old+N), picturesque (from picture+N), deep (from depth+N), outlandish (from outlandish+N), remarkable (from a dozen+N), true (from truth+N), corvée ( from barshchina + N), communal (from community + N), long (from length + N)
note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the suffix H in its composition and is not related to the word "country". But it is possible to explain HH historically: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissident, a stranger, an outsider.
The spelling of the word "genuine" can also be explained etymologically: genuine in Ancient Rus' called the truth that the defendant spoke "under the longs" - special long sticks or whips.
2) the adjective is formed on behalf of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -ONN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), solemn (triumph).
Exception: windy (but: windless).
Note:
There are adjective words in which H is part of the root. These words must be remembered. They were not formed from nouns:
crimson, green, spicy, drunken, swine, red, ruddy, youthful.
14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written N
The suffixes of adjectives are written N, If:
1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often have the meaning of "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.
2) the adjective has suffixes -AN-, -YAN- ( sandy, leathery, oatmeal, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": sand, leather, oats, earth.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.
As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing H and HH in these words are different.
14.2.1 HH in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, HH is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:
1) the word is formed from the verb perfect look, WITH OR WITHOUT A PREFACE, for example:
from the verbs to buy, redeem (what to do?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;
from verbs to throw, to throw (what to do?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.
The prefix NOT does not change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect.
2) the word has suffixes -OVA-, -EVA- even in imperfective words ( pickled, paved, automated).
3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participle turnover, for example: ice cream in the refrigerator, boiled in broth).
NOTE: In cases where the full participle turns into an adjective in a specific sentence, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited With this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is participle in participial turnover, excited how? this message. Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no longer communion, there is no turnover, because the person cannot be “excited”, and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.
More examples: The girl was very organized And educated. Both words here are adjectives. The girl was not “educated”, and she has always been brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and raised us just as strictly. And now the highlighted words are participles.
In such cases, in the explanation to the task, we write: participle adjective or adjective passed from the participle.
Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..
note to the fact that from a number of exceptions the words counted (minutes), done (indifference). These words are written in general rule.
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, these are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, shod, pecked.
the wounded is written one N. Compare: wounded in battle(two N, because the dependent word appeared); Wounded, the view is perfect, there is a prefix).
smart to define the type of word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, N is written if:
the word is formed from an imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and the word in the sentence has no dependent words.
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),
BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately go into the category of participles and are written with two N.
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
DISCOVER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are marked with capital letters.
named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who agreed to fraternal (sisterly) relations voluntarily. - the address I gave;
planted father (acting the role of the parent of the bride or groom at the wedding ceremony). - planted at the table;
dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - given a chic look;
narrowed (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word narrow, make narrow)
Forgiveness Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;
written beauty(epithet, idiom) - oil painting.
14.2.3. Spelling Н and НН in compound adjectives
As part of a compound word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:
A) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, so we write N: plain-dyed (paint), hot-rolled, homespun, multi-colored, gold-woven (weave); whole-cut cut), gold-forged (forged), little-traveled (ride), little-walked (walk), little-carried (wear), slightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crush), freshly slaked (quench), freshly frozen (freeze) and others.
b) the second part of the compound word is formed from the prefixed verb of the perfect form, which means we write NN: smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PER-: Ironed-over-ironed, patched-re-patched, worn-carried, washed-washed, shot-re-shot, darned-redarned.
Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:
14.3. Н and НН in short adjectives and short participles
Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.
Rule: In short participles, one N is always written.
Rule: In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in the full form.
But in order to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.
DISCOVER short adjectives and participles:
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action);
3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles have).
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | H* |
|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note: *Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The Old Believers restrained (1) conferred, and one of them, bending down, went up to the stove and put a round loaf of bread, a piece of boiled (2) meat, two onions and a birch bark (3) basket with salt on Yashkin’s knees, made (4 ) in the form of a pencil case.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
The Old Believers conferred with restraint, and one of them, bending down, went up to the stove and placed on Yashkin’s knees a round loaf of bread, a piece of boiled meat, two onions and a birch bark basket with salt, made in the form of a pencil case.
In this offer:
restrained - HOW? adverb formed from the participle RESTRAINED (perfect form);
boiled - verbal adjective without prefix and dependent words;
birch bark - an adjective formed from the noun BEREST with the suffix -YAN-;
done is a participle formed from the perfective verb TO MAKE.
Answer: 14.
Answer: 14|41
Rule: Task 15. Spelling Н and НН in words of different parts of speech
SPELLING -Н-/-НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.
Traditionally, this is the most difficult topic for students, since a reasonable spelling of Н or НН is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The "Reference" material summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HH from school textbooks and provides additional information from V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.
14.1 Н and НН in denominative adjectives (formed from nouns).
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
The suffixes of adjectives are written HH, If:
1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base on H using the suffix H: fogH + H → foggy; pocket+n → pocket, carton+n → carton
ancient (from old+N), picturesque (from picture+N), deep (from depth+N), outlandish (from outlandish+N), remarkable (from a dozen+N), true (from truth+N), corvée ( from barshchina + N), communal (from community + N), long (from length + N)
note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the suffix H in its composition and is not related to the word "country". But it is possible to explain HH historically: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissident, a stranger, an outsider.
The spelling of the word “genuine” can also be explained etymologically: authentic in Ancient Rus' was the truth that the defendant spoke “under the long ones” - special long sticks or whips.
2) the adjective is formed on behalf of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -ONN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), solemn (triumph).
Exception: windy (but: windless).
Note:
There are adjective words in which H is part of the root. These words must be remembered. They were not formed from nouns:
crimson, green, spicy, drunken, swine, red, ruddy, youthful.
14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written N
The suffixes of adjectives are written N, If:
1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often have the meaning of "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.
2) the adjective has suffixes -AN-, -YAN- ( sandy, leathery, oatmeal, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": sand, leather, oats, earth.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.
As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing H and HH in these words are different.
14.2.1 HH in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, HH is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:
1) the word is formed from the verb perfect look, WITH OR WITHOUT A PREFACE, for example:
from the verbs to buy, redeem (what to do?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;
from verbs to throw, to throw (what to do?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.
The prefix NOT does not change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect.
2) the word has suffixes -OVA-, -EVA- even in imperfective words ( pickled, paved, automated).
3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participle turnover, for example: ice cream in the refrigerator, boiled in broth).
NOTE: In cases where the full participle turns into an adjective in a specific sentence, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited With this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is participle in participial turnover, excited how? this message. Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no longer communion, there is no turnover, because the person cannot be “excited”, and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.
More examples: The girl was very organized And educated. Both words here are adjectives. The girl was not “educated”, and she has always been brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and raised us just as strictly. And now the highlighted words are participles.
In such cases, in the explanation to the task, we write: participle adjective or adjective passed from the participle.
Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..
note to the fact that from a number of exceptions the words counted (minutes), done (indifference). These words are written according to the general rule.
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, these are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, shod, pecked.
the wounded is written one N. Compare: wounded in battle(two N, because the dependent word appeared); Wounded, the view is perfect, there is a prefix).
smart to define the type of word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, N is written if:
the word is formed from an imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and the word in the sentence has no dependent words.
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),
BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately go into the category of participles and are written with two N.
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
DISCOVER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are marked with capital letters.
named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who agreed to fraternal (sisterly) relations voluntarily. - the address I gave;
planted father (acting the role of the parent of the bride or groom at the wedding ceremony). - planted at the table;
dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - given a chic look;
narrowed (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word narrow, make narrow)
Forgiveness Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;
written beauty(epithet, idiom) - oil painting.
14.2.3. Spelling Н and НН in compound adjectives
As part of a compound word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:
A) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, so we write N: plain-dyed (paint), hot-rolled, homespun, multi-colored, gold-woven (weave); whole-cut cut), gold-forged (forged), little-traveled (ride), little-walked (walk), little-carried (wear), slightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crush), freshly slaked (quench), freshly frozen (freeze) and others.
b) the second part of the compound word is formed from the prefixed verb of the perfect form, which means we write NN: smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PER-: Ironed-over-ironed, patched-re-patched, worn-carried, washed-washed, shot-re-shot, darned-redarned.
Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:
14.3. Н and НН in short adjectives and short participles
Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.
Rule: In short participles, one N is always written.
Rule: In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in the full form.
But in order to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.
DISCOVER short adjectives and participles:
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action);
3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles have).
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | H* |
|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note: *Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
Enter the numbers in ascending order.
The originality of the art (1) world of the ra (2) of their stories N.V. Gogol's connection (3) about with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works.
Explanation (see also Rule below).
Here is the correct spelling.
The originality of the artistic world of N.V. Gogol is associated with the use of folklore traditions: it was in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions that the writer found themes and plots for his works.
In this offer:
artistic - adjective formed with the suffix -ENN
rannih - the adjective is formed from the stem -ran- with the help of the suffix -Н-.
connected - in a short participle we write N.
name - the same number of H is written as in the word from which it is formed (nominal).
Answer: 124.
Answer: 124
Source: Demo version of the USE-2015 in the Russian language.
Rule: Task 15. Spelling Н and НН in words of different parts of speech
SPELLING -Н-/-НН- IN VARIOUS PARTS OF SPEECH.
Traditionally, this is the most difficult topic for students, since a reasonable spelling of Н or НН is possible only with knowledge of morphological and word-formation laws. The "Reference" material summarizes and systematizes all the rules of the topic H and HH from school textbooks and provides additional information from V.V. Lopatin and D.E. Rosenthal to the extent that is necessary to complete the tasks of the exam.
14.1 Н and НН in denominative adjectives (formed from nouns).
14.1.1 Two NNs in suffixes
The suffixes of adjectives are written HH, If:
1) the adjective is formed from a noun with a base on H using the suffix H: fogH + H → foggy; pocket+n → pocket, carton+n → carton
ancient (from old+N), picturesque (from picture+N), deep (from depth+N), outlandish (from outlandish+N), remarkable (from a dozen+N), true (from truth+N), corvée ( from barshchina + N), communal (from community + N), long (from length + N)
note: the word "strange" from the point of view of the modern language does not have the suffix H in its composition and is not related to the word "country". But it is possible to explain HH historically: a person from a foreign country was considered a dissident, a stranger, an outsider.
The spelling of the word “genuine” can also be explained etymologically: authentic in Ancient Rus' was the truth that the defendant spoke “under the long ones” - special long sticks or whips.
2) the adjective is formed on behalf of the noun by adding the suffix -ENN-, -ONN: cranberry (cranberry), revolutionary (revolution), solemn (triumph).
Exception: windy (but: windless).
Note:
There are adjective words in which H is part of the root. These words must be remembered. They were not formed from nouns:
crimson, green, spicy, drunken, swine, red, ruddy, youthful.
14.1.2. The suffixes of adjectives are written N
The suffixes of adjectives are written N, If:
1) the adjective has the suffix -IN- ( dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger). Words with this suffix often have the meaning of "whose": dove, mouse, nightingale, tiger.
2) the adjective has suffixes -AN-, -YAN- ( sandy, leathery, oatmeal, earthy). Words with this suffix often mean "made of what": sand, leather, oats, earth.
Exceptions: glass, pewter, wood.
14.2. Н and НН in the suffixes of words formed from verbs. Complete forms.
As you know, both participles and adjectives (= verbal adjectives) can be formed from verbs. The rules for writing H and HH in these words are different.
14.2.1 HH in suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of full participles and verbal adjectives, HH is written if AT LEAST ONE of the conditions is met:
1) the word is formed from the verb perfect look, WITH OR WITHOUT A PREFACE, for example:
from the verbs to buy, redeem (what to do?, perfect form): bought, redeemed;
from verbs to throw, to throw (what to do?, perfect form): abandoned-abandoned.
The prefix NOT does not change the form of the participle and does not affect the spelling of the suffix. Any other prefix makes the word perfect.
2) the word has suffixes -OVA-, -EVA- even in imperfective words ( pickled, paved, automated).
3) with a word formed from a verb, there is a dependent word, that is, it forms a participle turnover, for example: ice cream in the refrigerator, boiled in broth).
NOTE: In cases where the full participle turns into an adjective in a specific sentence, the spelling does not change. For example: Excited With this message, the father spoke loudly and did not hold back his emotions. The highlighted word is participle in participial turnover, excited how? this message. Change the sentence: His face was excited, and there is no longer communion, there is no turnover, because the person cannot be “excited”, and this is an adjective. In such cases, they talk about the transition of participles into adjectives, but this fact does not affect the spelling of NN.
More examples: The girl was very organized And educated. Both words here are adjectives. The girl was not “educated”, and she has always been brought up, these are constant signs. Let's change the sentences: We were in a hurry to a meeting organized by partners. Mom, brought up in severity, and raised us just as strictly. And now the highlighted words are participles.
In such cases, in the explanation to the task, we write: participle adjective or adjective passed from the participle.
Exceptions: unexpected, unexpected, unseen, unheard of, unexpected, slow, desperate, sacred, desired..
note to the fact that from a number of exceptions the words counted (minutes), done (indifference). These words are written according to the general rule.
Add more words here:
forged, pecked, chewed eva / ova are part of the root, these are not suffixes to write HH. But when prefixes appear, they are written according to the general rule: chewed, shod, pecked.
the wounded is written one N. Compare: wounded in battle(two N, because the dependent word appeared); Wounded, the view is perfect, there is a prefix).
smart to define the type of word is difficult.
14.2. 2 One H in verbal adjectives
In the suffixes of verbal adjectives, N is written if:
the word is formed from an imperfective verb, that is, answers the question what did you do with the item? and the word in the sentence has no dependent words.
stew(it was stewed) meat,
shorn(their hair was cut)
boiled(it was boiled) potatoes,
brokenNaya(it was broken) line,
stained(it was stained) oak (dark as a result of special processing),
BUT: as soon as these adjective words have a dependent word, they immediately go into the category of participles and are written with two N.
stewed in the oven(it was stewed) meat,
recently cut(their hair was cut)
steamed(it was boiled) potatoes.
DISCOVER: participles (right) and adjectives (left) have different meanings! Stressed vowels are marked with capital letters.
named brother, named sister- a person who is not biologically related to this person, but who agreed to fraternal (sisterly) relations voluntarily. - the address I gave;
planted father (acting the role of the parent of the bride or groom at the wedding ceremony). - planted at the table;
dowry (property given to the bride by her family for life in marriage) - given a chic look;
narrowed (as the groom is called, from the word fate) - narrowed skirt, from the word narrow, make narrow)
Forgiveness Sunday (religious holiday) - forgiven by me;
written beauty(epithet, idiom) - oil painting.
14.2.3. Spelling Н and НН in compound adjectives
As part of a compound word, the spelling of the verbal adjective does not change:
A) the first part is formed from imperfective verbs, so we write N: plain-dyed (paint), hot-rolled, homespun, multi-colored, gold-woven (weave); whole-cut cut), gold-forged (forged), little-traveled (ride), little-walked (walk), little-carried (wear), slightly salted (salt), finely crushed (crush), freshly slaked (quench), freshly frozen (freeze) and others.
b) the second part of the compound word is formed from the prefixed verb of the perfect form, which means we write NN: smooth O dyed ( O paint), fresh behind ice cream ( behind freeze), etc.).
In the second part of complex formations, H is written, although there is a prefix PER-: Ironed-over-ironed, patched-re-patched, worn-carried, washed-washed, shot-re-shot, darned-redarned.
Thus, tasks can be performed according to the algorithm:
14.3. Н and НН in short adjectives and short participles
Both participles and adjectives have not only full, but also short forms.
Rule: In short participles, one N is always written.
Rule: In short adjectives, the same number of N is written as in the full form.
But in order to apply the rules, you need distinguish between adjectives and participles.
DISCOVER short adjectives and participles:
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action);
3) by the presence of a dependent word(short adjectives do not and cannot have, short participles have).
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | H* | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| Brief participles | Short adjectives |
|---|---|
| written (story) m. what is done? by whom? | the boy is educated (what?) - from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (book) f.rod; what's done? by whom? | the girl is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| written (composition) cf. what is done? by whom? | the child is educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
| works written, pl. number; what are done? by whom? | children are educated (what?) -from the full form educated (what?) |
14.4. One or two N can also be written in adverbs.
In adverbs in -O / -E, the same number of N is written as there are in the original word, For example: calmly with one H, since in the adjective calm suffix H; slowly with HH, as in the adjective slow NN; enthusiastically with HH, as in the sacrament HAPPY NN.
With the seeming simplicity of this rule, there is a problem of distinguishing between adverbs, short participles and short adjectives. For example, in the word focus (Н, НН) о it is impossible to choose one or another spelling WITHOUT knowing what this word is in a sentence or phrase.
DISCOVER short adjectives, short participles and adverbs.
1) on the issue: short adjectives - what? what? what are what is it? what are?, short participles - what is done? what's done? what is done? what are done? adverbs: how?
2) by value(a short participle is related to the action, can be replaced by a verb; a short adjective characterizes the word being defined, does not report the action); an adverb expresses an action, how it occurs)
3) by role in the sentence:(short adjectives and short participles are often predicates, while the adverb
refers to the verb and is a circumstance)
14.5. Н and НН in nouns
1.In nouns (as in short adjectives and adverbs), the same number of N is written as in the adjectives (participles) from which they are formed:
| HH | H |
|---|---|
| prisoner (prisoner) | oilman (oil) |
| education (educated) | hotel (living room) |
| exile (exiled) | anemone (windy) |
| larch (deciduous) | confusion (confused) |
| pupil (educated) | spice (spicy) |
| humanity (humane) | sandstone (sandy) |
| elevation (sublime) | smoked (smoked) |
| poise (balanced) | delicious ice cream (ice cream) |
| devotion (devotee) | peat bog (peat) |
Words are formed from adjectives
related / ik from related, third-party / ik from third-party, like-minded / ik from like-minded, (malicious / ik, co-intentional / ik), set / ik from set, drowned / ik from drowned, numerical / ik from numerical, compatriot / ik from compatriot) and many others.
2. Nouns can also be formed from verbs and other nouns.
| HH is written, one H is included in the root, and the other is in the suffix. | H* |
|---|---|
| moshen / nickname (from moshna, which meant a bag, wallet) | worker / enik (from toil) |
| squad / nickname (from squad) | much / enik (from torturing) |
| raspberry/nick (raspberry) | powder / enitsa (from powdering) |
| name day / nickname (name day) | birth / birth (give birth) |
| cheating / nickname (treason) | brother-in-law / e / nit / a |
| nephew | var/enik (cook) |
| dowry/nice | BUT: dowry (from give) |
| insomnia | student |
| aspen/nickname | besrebr / enik |
| ringing / ringing | silver/nickname |
Table note: *Words that are written with H and are not formed from adjectives (participles) in the Russian language are rare. They need to be learned by heart.
HH is written and in words traveler(from traveling) predecessor(preceded)
Take the test for these tasks
The debate about whether they can make a person happy has never subsided. AND Scientific research devoted to this issue, could not give a definite answer. It wasn't until the 1970s that economist Richard Easterlin discovered the paradox that money makes you happier, but only up to a point. As soon as you have enough for everything you need, the pleasure of money becomes less and less, no matter how huge the income.
Researchers at Cornell University have made a new attempt to find out if happiness can be bought. It turned out that it is possible, but the amount of money earned does not affect mental well-being. It is not money that will help to enjoy life, but the right acquisitions.
Happiness is a state of a person that corresponds to the greatest internal satisfaction with the conditions of one's being, the fullness and meaningfulness of life, the fulfillment of one's human purpose.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Money tends to run out, even if you have billions of dollars in accounts, which few people can boast of. To buy real happiness with your hard-earned money, and not a fake for it, you need to carefully choose a purchase. Imagine that you have the opportunity to make a profitable purchase. What images do you have in your mind? For the vast majority of people, they will be material: apartments, cars, factories, furniture, things.
We believe that it is necessary to purchase things that will be stored for a long time, which means that they please us, we just have to look at them or think about them. Dr. Thomas Gilovich, who works at Cornell University in the USA, came to the conclusion that this is a logical trap. Thinking that the pleasure of buying things can be endless, we make a mistake. It turns out that the joy of attending a concert or exhibition, hiking in the mountains or going to a conference is much stronger and lasts longer than the excitement of a new renovation.
New things are good, but only as long as they are new.
The main enemy of our happiness is adaptation or habit. Dr. Gilovich has spent almost two decades studying how sensations change when making a purchase. We spend money, we get things in exchange for them, and at this moment the joy is very strong. But time passes, we get used to what we have, emotions go out, and the purchase no longer causes joy: I want to buy another jacket, I want to find a bigger apartment, I want to get into a car more powerful. We again spend money on things, and we get bored with them again.
In order not to fall into a vicious circle, Dr. Dzhilovich advises to think three times before buying and invest in new experiences: gain new knowledge, go in for sports or go on a trip.
I have practically no craving for “thingism”, and I buy things infrequently and out of necessity, but I spend money on impressions with pleasure.
If I have a choice: buy new phone, despite the fact that the old one works well, or buy a subscription to the pool for a year - I will choose the pool, because I will get used to the phone in a month and stop paying attention to it, and the pool will consistently please me three times a week. I like swimming, I feel like my body is resting and exercising, and I see some progress. These sensations are regular and much more pleasant than the short-term joy of buying a phone.
I believe that doing something for the body and mind is better than buying a certain item that you do not really need. Because the body and mind are you yourself, and the object exists separately. Therefore, the joy from it is usually short: you played a bit, and you already want a new one.
Oleg Vikharev
Dr. Gilovich learned how habit affects our happiness. Respondents who took part in the study had to be told how their attitudes to purchases and to the acquired experience had changed.
Initially, the joy was equally strong. But over time, the purchased things brought less and less satisfaction. But memories of impressions or new skills in which money was invested were more pleasing, and their value only grew.
You can buy and store material values. They will lie and ... and that's it. Gradually, the excitement will fade away. Things live a long time, but happiness is a fleeting matter. The longer some thing serves us, the more firmly it is built into the background picture of the world around us, the easier it is to stop noticing it.
Today a new car is your dream come true! Flashes, growls, rushes. You will drive only to proven car washes, leave it only in covered parking lots, take selfies while driving. And do not allow smoking in the cabin! A couple of weeks later, late for a meeting, you'll be jumping behind the wheel in dirty shoes. Six months later, park unsuccessfully and decorate the bumper with a scratch. And right there at the crossroads you will be cut off by some brand new jeep, which is definitely cooler in some way. After a couple of years, after wiping the number with a rag, you will take a car from a spontaneous parking near the house and go to a car dealership for new emotions.
We get used to what stays with us for a long time, and in this matter, things, turning into routine and routine, lose a lot to impressions and experience. The longer an object is near us, the less it interests us. And any impressions become an inseparable part of our "I". Experience is not static, it accumulates, changes depending on our views. Things stay the same or wear out, and the experience is built into us and shapes the personality.
Happiness can be bought with money, but it cannot be kept
If joy even from a good purchase gradually melts away, what can we say about things that turned out to be not of very high quality? Nothing but disappointment is to be expected. And experience, even negative, will bring benefit and satisfaction. One of Gilovich's studies showed that if your impressions of the event were not rosy, you need to talk about it with loved ones you trust. After analyzing unpleasant situations, people give their experience a much higher rating. Remember how many funny stories that are told in friendly companies began with obviously unsuccessful ideas.
One day, heavy rain drove seven people into a two-person leaky tent. All seven were sure that this was the most vile night of their lives. But a week later, an unpleasant episode in the stories of eyewitnesses turned into a hilariously funny story.
About the fact that they learn from mistakes, it’s even embarrassing to repeat, but this key function negative experience.
Another reason to pay for new experiences is that the experience brings you closer to other people. You have a lot more in common with the person you went skydiving with than with the person who bought the same kitchen set as you. Experience is always a reason to communicate. We get it together with other people, and then we share it with new acquaintances, building long communication chains. Who are you more interested in talking to: an acting graduate you just signed up for, or a stranger in a jewelry store?
I don't have and never had a car, I don't have a purchased apartment, and I never planned to buy them. I have always spent only on experience and travel. First to the Crimea, then to other countries. I buy a new gadget not because I want to stand out, but because I'm interested in how people will use it. My hobbies are triathlon and Ironman is an experience, my book is an experience. All this is an expense that does not bring money, but I have something to tell and something to be proud of. This is the main thing for me. Not "your corner".
Slava Baransky
Only you can rate your experience. Compare your house with others: which side the windows face in the house opposite, what size is the neighbor’s plot, what wonderful architecture the royal palace has… You can always find a reason for envy if you draw parallels with similar things. And your impressions will stand any test and photos on Facebook.
Things are much easier to compare. What is the price? How many carats? How many horses? How many meters? Now try to apply this to your experience. How much knowledge do you have in grams? How much joy in horsepower?
Envy, from which it is very difficult, haunts us much less if we do not compare things. Of course, even on vacation you can find a reason to envy: someone flies first class and stays in a suite, and someone goes to spend the night in a hostel. But there are much more negative emotions if you compare your expensive bag with the bag of a colleague.
How much you need to earn to be enough for happiness
We must not forget that, in accordance with Easterlin's paradox, material goods in the economy at a certain stage remain synonymous with happiness. Even paradise in a hut is available only if you have a hut or at least branches for construction. But are you sure that weaving the fourth floor is more important than learning to build with stone?
The world happiness index shows over and over again that people feel satisfied not only in prosperous countries, but also on the poor African continent, and in the problematic South America. In Europe, the leading positions are occupied by states in which the education system is well developed and residents can maintain a balance between work and leisure.
I run trainings. Their main tasks: harmonization inner world, removing subconscious blocks and attitudes, resolving the problems of the past for a happy future. So, every second person who comes to study (and maybe more) is fixated on money to one degree or another. And even from the point of view of elementary psychology, one can see that this race is a proof of its significance, its abilities, its existence in general.
In our world, money has become so important that its amount allegedly makes you cool, strong, smart. And I ask these people a question: “Imagine that you have everything material that you dreamed about: money, cars, apartments, yachts, houses, appliances ... But at the same time you were left alone in the desert, there are no people around, and you have no one show all your wealth. What to do? What would you like then?" It’s not hard to guess that everyone answers in much the same way: I would like to have someone close with whom I can talk, eat, drink, go hiking, sleep in a tent, travel.
When people get rid of the obsession of “cutting the dough” and start just living, earning money, but at the same time doing what they love, the smile does not leave their faces.
Victoria Efremova
How to overcome Easterlin's paradox and make money work for our happiness? Gain experience, not just material goods. Experience is the way to get the most bang for your buck, no matter how wide or small your financial options may be. This statement works not only on a personal level. If you want to captivate employees with the process and increase the efficiency of the enterprise, give employees the opportunity to learn. Want to build a political or administrative career - make voters happy by helping them gain more experience.
The next time you think about what to spend your free money on, try to buy yourself some experience and happiness. And remember that the experience is available completely free of charge.
1. Alexander Blok created a special poetic world, permeated with blue and purple, woven from highlights and filled with amazing melody.
Permeated, woven, filled - full passive participles of the past tense, an image. from perfect verbs. type (penetrate, weave, ...)
Special - adjective, formed from the noun individual + ENN suffix
2. Subsequently, I found in the pantry some unusual (1) manuscripts, bound (2) in volumes and writing (3) in Latin. 123
2. Subsequently, I found some unusual manuscripts in the closet, bound in volumes and written in Latin.
unusual - adj.
intertwined-communion owls. view;
written - adj. with a dependent word (in Latin).
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
3. Light walls of sophistication (1) proportions, (2) ceramic tiles, crowning (3) with a decorative majolica belt with a fancy image of orchids. 12
crowned - kr. incl. (who crowned ...). Exquisite - remember.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
4. On the letter (1) table - the manuscript of the story "The Old Woman", leather (2) folder for papers, silver (3) writing pad with the monogram "IB", heavy glass (4) inkwell with a copper cap . 14.
Written - letter + suff. ENN, glass - excl.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which one letter H is written.
5. On the yacht - the company (1) brand "K. Faberge", and on a silver (2) rim, put on crystal, engraved (3) about its name "Vera". 23
engraved - kr. incl. (replacement with engraved)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
6. In the brightly lit (1) showcases, (2) jewelry made of precious (3) stones, made (4) at a local factory, was displayed. 134
exhibited - kr. incl. (replacement for exhibited)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
7. On the feet of the diver there are long (1) fins, made (2) of ordinary (3) rubber, and (4) air cylinders are attached to the back. 
123
attached - kr. incl.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
8. V.G. Korolenko and in stone (1) Petersburg found for himself an old wooden (2) house, provincially cozy, with more beautiful (3) floors. 12.
To paint is a verb to carry. view
9. In the heroes of his paintings, Pablo Picasso wanted to see carriers of hidden from ordinary people truth (1) s, accessible only to the inner (2) man’s gaze, his higher (3) nature. 1.
Elevate (owl) - exalted. Elevate - carry.
Suffix -Enn, if in indef. verb form. –It or –Et (see participle suffixes).
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written. DIFFICULT TASK.
10. In the self-portrait, the artist is dressed in a sophisticated (1) cloak, his face is calm and confident (2), his mustache and beard are carefully groomed (3). 3
well-groomed - kr. incl. (possible replacement: a mustache ... looked after), sure0 (what?) - kr. adj.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
11. In the first pictures of I.N. Nikitin had some simplification (1) ness: the figures are snatched (2) from the darkness of an indefinite (3) space by a beam of bright light and exist out of touch with the environment. 2
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
12. Music S.S. Prokofiev demands from the listener concentration (1) that will help the listener to comprehend the depth of the work, appreciate unexpected (2) decisions in the construction of melodies and harmonies, impeccability (3) of logical forms. 123
Unexpected - except, concentration (1) awn from concentrated
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
13. Why do skates made (1) of any material slide only on an ice (2) surface and perfectly (3) do not slide on a smooth stone (4) floor? 134
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
14. A mighty (1) marble tiled entrance hall is decorated (2) with glass (3) vases and gilded (4) furniture, created (5) by the best masters of Italy. 135
paved - incl. hovering words (marble tiles)
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
15. According to M.Yu. Lermontov, a brightly gifted (1) person in the circle of nonentities is doomed (2) to misunderstanding and loneliness, and if he behaves in accordance with (3) the "norms" of this society, then to gradual (4) self-destruction. 2
doomed - kr. incl.
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
16. Repetition is a favorite (1) of A.P. Chekhov’s art (2) means - in the story “Darling” is the main way of constructing a work: monotony (3) of situations, the expectation of situations, the monotony of actions, multiplied (4) by the mechanicalness of reproduction, create a comic effect. 1234
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
17. Maybe the skates were called (1) skates precisely because in the old days they made wooden (2) skates, decorated (3) with a curl in the form of a horse (4) head. 23
named - kr.prich. (called), wooden - an exception.
18. In late XIX centuries, Alexander Panshin designed (1) invisible (2), elongated (3) skates, which allowed him to defeat the fi (4) and Norwegian runners. 23
lengthen (non-sov.) and lengthen (owls) - elongated, unprecedented - excl., lengthen - owls.
In place of which numbers is NN written?
19. We see that in the bone (1) skates, found (2) by archaeologists in northern Europe, she made (3) holes for leather (4) ribbons. 2
Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
20. In the old days (1), the bow was a formidable weapon: a kale (2) arrow, thicker (3) by the hand of an experienced shooter, could pierce a thick (4) wall. 34
21. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The sun was golden in the east, behind the fog (1) blue of the distant (2) forests, behind the white snowy lowland (3) awn, which the ancient Russian city looked at from a low shore. 123
distant - to move away the owls.
22. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
In Vermeier's painting “Street”, the pavement is swept (1) a, the powerful (2) porch is washed with tiles, the facades of houses from below are white (3) with lime. 2
tiled porch
23. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The fragile point (1) silhouette of the person (2) depicted in the picture of the girl stands out against the background of the white (3) wall, along which mother-of-pearl shadows run. 13
chiseled - sharpen and whiten - vb. mismatched type.
24. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The picture depicts (1) a cheerful village wedding, a motley mass of people successfully entered (2) and wide in the landscape, with a beautifully drawn (3) high blue sky.
25. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The model of the new palace was delivered (1) to St. Petersburg, approved (2) by the empress, after which the ceremony of laying the first stone was held in celebration (3).
26. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The owner was wearing a fabric (1) shirt, sub-belts (2) leather (3) th belt, and pants (4) that had not been ironed for a long time. 13
27. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
A portrait of a fearful (1) man, written (2) by an artist who had a remarkable (3) talent, was part of the dowry of the (4) th (5) mistress of the house. 123
from a dozen - remarkable - adj. (root: -dozen-; suffix: -n)
28. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The house stood somewhat away from the forest, the walls here and there were renewed (1) with fresh woods, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, decorated with (3) carvings, still smelled of resin. 12
29. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
Opera S.S. Prokofiev "War and Peace", written (1) based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy, reshe (2) but in the spirit of traditional (3) Russian opera music of the XIX century. 13
30. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
Valaam became a truly (1) painting school for I. Shishkin: Ra (2) Valaam canvases brought him a silver (3) medal of the Academy of Arts, and after two landscapes were awarded (4) a gold medal, the artist was sent on a business trip to Italy. 134
31. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
Some paintings by the artist Savrasov were small; writing (1) to them within one to two hours, they are noted (2) by the charm of inspiring (3) improvisations. 2
32. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
In the foreground of the picture, against the background of figures more closely (1) with smeared (2) soot faces, a girl in a snow-white dress with a whip (3) basket in her hands stands out brightly.
13
mummer - to row, wicker - to weave - from the verbs of neses. type; smeared with soot...
33. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The main action of the picture takes place in the background: in a bright room, the crying (1) lady with a child in her arms looks with a plea at the invitation of the (2) doctor in silver (3) pince-nez. 123
Cry, invite, silver - v. owls. kind.
34. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
In the 18th century, in Russian music, there were special (1) about spreading (2) melodies in which the features of a folk song clearly (3) appeared. 2
35. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The originality of the art (1) world of the ra (2) of their stories N.V. Gogol's connection (3) about with the use of folklore traditions: in folk tales, semi-pagan legends and traditions, the writer found themes and plots for his works. 124
namely, a particle
36. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The rooms were furnished (1) with remarkable luxury: the walls were upholstered with colorful Bukhara carpets, the ceilings were painted (2) with oil (3) paints, and there were real Persian carpets on the floors.
123
37. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
A dying garden and a failed, even unnoticed (1) love - two internal (2) connected (3) themes - give A.P. Chekhov's sad and poetic character.
123
notice and notice (owl view) - unnoticed, internal - adj. with suff. ENN
38. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The visiting walls (1) were pasted (2) with light wallpaper with wild (3) patterns, so similar in style to the silver (4) clock hung (5) above the door. 35
39. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
Against the terrible (1) and formidable background of the sunset sky, the jagged wall of the coniferous forest seemed distinctly drawn (2), and in some places the transparent round tops of the birches sticking out above it seemed to be outlined (3) in the sky with light strokes. 12
kinky off side
40. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The river is especially (1) beautiful in the morning (2) mist, when its crystal jets are transparent, like silver (3) threads, and illuminated (4) by the cold autumn sun. 34
illuminated - kr. including, hovering words do not affect the number H
42. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
According to the plan, N.V. Gogol was going to lead Chichikov through the temptation of property (1) property, through life (2) filth and abomination to morality (3) revival. 123
own, vital, moral - adjectives with suff. ENN.
43. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
This valley is a glorious place: on all sides the mountains are impregnable, reddish rocks, which are hung (1) with green ivy and crowned with (2) clusters of plane trees, yellow cliffs, streaked with (3) gullies, high-high - the golden fringe of clouds, and below - Aragva. 12
44. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
A long (1) row of invisible (2) paintings in old (3) frames, hanging (4) on ugly (5) walls, delighted the eye with a riot of colors. 1234
unseen - exception
45. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
In the distance, on a steep limestone coast, washed out by floods, in the morning (1) air, a village with a white stone (2) church and wind (3) mills is clearly visible. 12
46. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
The theme of femininity (1) in the philosophical perception of Russia is quite traditional (2) a; it was expressed in the works of the Slavophiles, was developed in the concepts of the philosophers of the Silver (3rd) century: V. Solovyov, V. Rozanov, N. Berdyaev. 3
from adj. feminine (suff. -ENN), traditional (suff. -ONN)
47. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
To this day, invoices have been preserved in the archives, presenting (1) to the artist for delivering (2) oils (3) paints to him. 3
presented from presenting (sov.v.), and not from presenting (non-sov.v.)
48. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
In the self-portrait, the artist is depicted in a sophisticated (1) cloak, his face is calm and confident (2) o, his mustache and beard are carefully combed (3). 3
49. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
In his work, Salvador Dali was a tireless seeker who hated routine (1) and created updated (2) images and unexpected (3) compositions. 123
adj. ordinary (suff. -ENN), unexpected - exception
50. Indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) is written N.
In the late works of Salvador Dali, new artistic (2) trends are expressed (1) - an interest in classical clarity, internal (3) harmony. 1
51. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which HH is written.
The mighty (1) flagstone yards were surrounded (2) by a continuous chain of buildings on four sides, there was no entrance to the houses from the street, and first it was necessary to enter the kame (3) low gate with an iron grate. 13
There are things that can "stretch" not the most successful look, but turn a prosaic combination of a white T-shirt and boyfriend jeans into a trendy way out. And there are clothes and accessories that can make any of your look cheap and uninteresting. Look for the stop-list of "killers" of style in our article!
White shoes
Snow white leather shoes can't look appropriate anywhere (even for brides there are plenty of alternatives). They are often complemented with a "comfortable" heel, which gives them an even more old-fashioned and unattractive appearance. By the way, white shoes, in principle, are a more than good idea, especially if you regularly walk a total black look. Therefore, feel free to choose white sneakers, sneakers or birkenstocks.
Poor quality bags made of artificial materials
Popular
We have nothing against faux leather and suede: some luxury brands, such as the "green" Stella McCartney, produce faux leather accessories and shoes that are of amazing quality. Unfortunately, the mass market and middle-priced brands often save on quality, offering customers products that lose their presentable appearance after a week. Don't forget - shoes and bags are worth investing in.
Overly decorated things
Dressing emphatically “expensive and rich” is no longer fashionable - a dress decorated with ruffles, lace and embroidery at the same time will cause bewilderment of others. Normcore and simplicity are the new black, and one accent is enough in the image. In case of an acute desire to “put on everything at once”, like a mantra, repeat the advice of stylish French women.
Things that are too bright and unnatural shades
"Acid DJ, hey!" - we once shouted at school discos, dancing to the hits of domestic pop music. The crazy 90s are over and you're still trying to look like a British raver or a Barbie doll? Immediately throw away all things that are unnaturally bright colors - such outfits look extremely tasteless.
"Fake"
Oilcloth "pradas" and "louis viuttons" from the transition are immediately visible, and with the naked eye - their low quality speaks for itself. Instead of buying a low-quality fake and waiting with a shudder to be exposed from your friends, spend the same money on an inexpensive but leather bag. good brand middle price range. The same goes for "fake" shoes, clothes and accessories.
Rhinestones
The only rhinestones that can be walked around are Swarovski rhinestones in jewelry. All the “glitters” glued to clothes with cheap glue should be mentioned in vain only as a relic of the 90s. And do not try to buy a thing with rhinestones in the hope of getting rid of them later - the many years of experience of hundreds of thousands of fashionistas prove that you will not be able to do this without a trace, and ugly traces of glue are unlikely to become the highlight of your image.
Too low-rise jeans with underwear sticking out
This is how high school girls walked in the early 2000s, regularly receiving scolding from teachers and parents for “cold organs” and inappropriate appearance. It would seem that all of them should have grown up a long time ago and realized that this is not only not “sexy”, but also very vulgar. But, unfortunately, individual lovers of shining underwear are still found today. Remember: underwear is for that and underwear, to be under clothes, and not to peek out friendly from under it.
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