Sakovich Vladimir
This presentation was prepared while studying the topic "Anthropogenesis" in the course of general biology 9th grade . The peculiarity of this work is that it was made by a child with great learning difficulties, and this presentation is his great achievement.
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Cro-Magnons (fr. Homme de Cro - Magnon - Cro-Magnon man) - the early representatives of modern man in Europe and partly beyond its borders, who lived 40-12 thousand years ago (Upper Paleolithic period).
The name comes from the grotto of Cro-Magnon in France, where in 1868 several human skeletons were discovered along with Late Paleolithic tools. The most important fossil finds: in Africa - Cape Flats, Fish Hook, Nazlet Hater; in Europe - Comb Chapel, Mladech, Cro-Magnon, in Russia - Sungir, in Ukraine - Mezhirech.
Some paleoanthropologists believe that a completely modern person appeared on one continent (most likely in Africa), and then spread to all the others, replacing the archaic local forms of Homo sapiens. Other experts argue that archaic local forms evolved into our subspecies independently of each other. According to the compromise theory, modern man appeared in one place, but his crossing with more ancient local forms led to the emergence of the so-called modern races.
Cro-Magnons were taller and less roughly built than Neanderthals; their bones were thinner than those of Homo erectus. Cro-Magnons were taller and less roughly built than Neanderthals; their bones were thinner than those of Homo erectus. Compared with the Neanderthals, the head of the Cro-Magnons was relatively high, shortened in the direction of the face - the back of the head, and the cranium was more rounded. There were other new characteristic features: the head was set straight, the front part was straight and did not protrude, the supraorbital ridges were absent or poorly developed, the nose and jaws were relatively small, the teeth sat more closely, and the chin protrusion was well developed.
The volume of the brain is 1600-1800 cm³ (more than that of the average modern European). Height is about 180 cm and above.
Cro-Magnons lived in communities of 15-30 people and for the first time in history created settlements. The caves were their dwelling. The Cro-Magnons had funeral rites. Household items, food, jewelry were placed in the grave. The dead were sprinkled with blood-red ocher, a net was put on their hair, bracelets were put on their hands, flat stones were placed on their faces and buried in a bent position (knees touching the chin).
The Cro-Magnons learned how to make many new types of weapons. To their spears they tied sharp points made of deer antler with teeth pointing backwards so that the spear would get stuck deep in the side of the wounded animal. In order to throw the spear as far as possible, they used special throwing devices. These devices were made of deer antler, and some of them were decorated with different designs. These Cro-Magnons cut deer antlers with a chisel-shaped stone tool - a chisel.
Numerous finds testify to the presence of a hunting cult. The figurines of animals were pierced with arrows, thus killing the beast.
Here are five types of animals that were the main food sources of the Cro-Magnons. Rangifer tarandus - reindeer; this is the only species of deer in which both males and females have antlers. Height at the withers - up to 1.4 m. Time - from the Pleistocene to the present day. Location - Arctic. Cervus elephas - red deer. Height at the withers - up to 1.5 m. Time - from the Pleistocene to the present day. Place - Eurasia and North Africa. Bos primigenius - tour - a huge bull. Height at the withers 1.8 m. Time - from the Pleistocene to 1627 AD. e. Place - Eurasia and North Africa. Equus caballus - horse; a small wild subspecies of the modern domestic horse. Height at the withers - up to 1.4 m. Time - from the Pleistocene to the present day. Place - the continents of the Northern Hemisphere. Capra pyrenaica - mountain subspecies of the Pyrenean ibex; males have long horns that curve forward and upward. Height at the withers - up to 76 cm. Time - from the Pleistocene to the present day. Place - Spain and at one time Southwestern France
Cro-Magnon people often sewed small beads made of multi-colored pebbles to their clothes to look more elegant. Sometimes for these purposes they also used shells with holes in the middle. Apparently, the Cro-Magnons and other people who lived at that time were practically no different from us in terms of the development of higher nervous activity.
The Cro-Magnon man not only knew how to engrave and draw flat drawings, but also learned how to convey three-dimensional images.
In Dolni Vestonice in Moravia, the world's oldest pottery kiln was found, which was used by a Cro-Magnon.
Conclusion: It is impossible to establish from the fossil remains why our subspecies turned out to be so lucky. And indeed, over 10 thousand years ago, in the Paleolithic era, our ancestors still roamed in herds, hunting and gathering. And yet they were able to master all the continents, with the exception of Antarctica, and created such tools, techniques and new forms of behavior that were to radically transform the lifestyle of people and cause a sharp increase in population.
The presentation was prepared by a student of the 9th grade of the SCEI RO of the Ust-Donetsk Orphanage-School Vladimir Sakovich
Cro-Magnons. Origin: By the year BC. e. By the year BC. e. By the year BC e. By the year BC. e. Cro-Magnon migration to Europe
Characteristics of Cro-Magnons: height about 180 cm; the volume of the cranium is about 1800 cm 3; skulls with a straight forehead without superciliary ridges, a lower jaw with a pronounced chin outgrowth (capable of articulate speech); brain with developed departments associated with labor activity, speech and complex behavior.
Cro-Magnons and Neanderthals The main anthropological features of man, which distinguish them from paleoanthropes and archanthropes, are a voluminous brain skull with a high vault, a vertically rising forehead, the absence of the supraorbital ridge, and a well-developed chin protrusion. Fossil humans had a slightly more massive skeleton than modern people.
Primitive art Image of a woman. Bas-relief from Lossel canopy, France. Female figurines. Mammoth tusk. Siberia, Malta site, 20 thousand years BC Totem figurines of bears. Flint, Volosovo culture, Volga-Oka interfluve, 3000 BC
"Theories of the origin of man" - There are 80,000 genes in the human body. Theory of spatial anomalies. Existing theories of the origin of man. In general, the interpretation of anthropogenesis in RTA does not differ significantly from evolutionary theory. Today there are 4 theories of the origin of man. Theme of the lesson: "The origin of man."
"Ancient people" - Height is about 170 cm. Repetition: To summarize: No. 6. What kind of ancient people belong to? Yes. 5. Could the earliest people make fire? Archanthropes lived 2 million - 200 thousand years ago. Speech is rudimentary. The chin protrusion was absent. Pithecanthropus, Sinanthropus, Heidelberg man. 2. When did the earliest people appear?
"Evidence of the origin of man from animals" - Chapter XIV. Test 4 social factors in human evolution: F. Engels. K. Linney. Anthropomorphoses. K. Linnaeus. Morphophysiological transformations that increase the level of organization. **Test 10. K. Linnaeus placed man in the Mammals class, Primates detachment. Human Origins. The systematic position of man.
"Race on Earth" - Characteristic features of the race. Mestizos are descendants from marriages of the Caucasian and Mongoloid races. Mongoloid race. Negroid race. Thin lips. Races of the Earth. Caucasian race. Straight or wavy hair Live in: Europe America Australia. Bright skin. Mulatto. Mulattos are descendants of marriages of Caucasian and Negroid races.
"Neanderthals" - Apparently, then a spear with a stone tip and fur clothes were invented. Tools of the Neanderthals. The dwellings of the Neanderthals. Burial of Neanderthals. Ancient people. Ancient people (from 200,000 to 30,000 years ago). Height - about 160 cm, stocky. walked somewhat bent over, the volume of the brain was about 1500 cm3.
"Biology Anthropogenesis" - Paleontological Evidence. - the process of evolutionary origin and development of the Homo sapiens species. Evidence of anthropogenesis. Biological. What was the importance of upright posture in the origin of man? Comparative anatomical evidence. Check yourself: Comparative anatomical.
There are 10 presentations in total in the topic
slide 2
The term "Cro-Magnon"
Cro-Magnons is the common name for the early representatives of modern man, who appeared much later than the Neanderthals and coexisted with them for some time (40-30 thousand years ago). In appearance and physical development, they practically did not differ from modern humans. The term "Cro-Magnon" can mean in a narrow sense only people found in the grotto of Cro-Magnon and living nearby 30 thousand years ago; in a broad sense, this is the entire population of Europe or the whole world of the Upper Paleolithic. Number of achievements, changes in social organization The life of the Cro-Magnon was so great that it was several times greater than the number of achievements of the Pithecanthropus and the Neanderthal combined. The Cro-Magnons inherited from their ancestors a large active brain and a fairly practical technology, thanks to which, in a relatively short period of time, they made an unprecedented step forward. This manifested itself in aesthetics, the development of communication and symbol systems, tool-making technology and active adaptation to external conditions, as well as in new forms of social organization and a more complex approach to their own kind.
slide 3
Etymology and geography.
The name comes from the rocky grotto of Cro-Magnon in France (the town of Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Syreuil in the Dordogne department), where in 1868 the French paleontologist Louis Larte discovered and described several human skeletons along with Late Paleolithic tools. The age of this population is estimated at 30 thousand years. The most important fossil finds: in France - Cro-Magnon, in Great Britain - the Red Lady from Payviland, in the Czech Republic - Dolni Vestonice and Mladech, Serbia - Lepenski Vir, in Romania - Peshtera-cu-Oase, in Russia - Markina Gora, Sungir , Denisova cave and Oleneostrovsky burial ground, in the Southern Crimea - Murzak-Koba.
slide 4
culture
The Cro-Magnons were carriers of a number of cultures of the Upper Paleolithic (Gravettes culture) and Mesolithic (Tardenoise culture, Maglemose, Ertebölle). In the future, the territories of their habitat experienced migration flows of other representatives of the Homo sapiens species (for example, the Culture of Linear Band Pottery). These people made tools not only from stone, but also from horn and bone. On the walls of their caves, they left drawings depicting people, animals, hunting scenes. The Cro-Magnons made various ornaments. They had their first pet, a dog. They lived in communities of 20-100 people and created settlements for the first time in history. The Cro-Magnons, like the Neanderthals, had caves, tents made of skins, dugouts were built in Eastern Europe, and huts made of stone slabs in Siberia. They had developed articulate speech, built dwellings, dressed in clothes made of skins. They lived in a tribal society, tamed a dog. Numerous finds testify to the presence of a hunting cult. The figurines of animals were pierced with arrows, thus killing the beast. The Cro-Magnons had funeral rites. Household items, food, jewelry were placed in the grave. The dead were sprinkled with blood-red ocher, put on a net on their hair, bracelets on their hands, flat stones were placed on their faces and buried in a bent position (in the fetal position). The world's oldest kiln for firing ceramic figurines was found in Dolni Vestonice in Moravia. Vestonice Venus is the oldest ceramic figurine known to science.
slide 5
Origin of Cro-Magnons
According to one version, the Cro-Magnon is the ancestor of all modern people, having appeared in East Africa about 130-180 thousand years ago. According to this theory, 50,000-60,000 years ago they migrated from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula and appeared in Eurasia. One group quickly populated the coast of the Indian Ocean, while the second migrated to the steppes of Central Asia. The second group became the ancestors of the nomadic peoples and most of the Middle Eastern and North African population. Migration from the Black Sea to Europe began about 40-50 thousand years ago, presumably through the Danube corridor. 20 thousand years ago, all of Europe was already inhabited. According to another version, modern representatives of the Negroid and Mongoloid races formed autonomously, and the Cro-Magnons spread for the most part only in the range of the Neanderthals (North Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, Europe). The first people with Cro-Manoid features appeared 160,000 years ago in East Africa (Ethiopia). They left it 100,000 years ago. They penetrated into Europe through the Caucasus to the Don River basin. Migration to the West began approximately 40,000 years ago, and after 6,000 years, rock art appeared in the caves of France.
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