State Production Association "Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant" is a unique diversified enterprise that produces a wide range of products. VZ is the largest manufacturer of Topol-M, Bulava, and Yars missiles, which form the basis of the “nuclear shield” of the Russian Federation. In addition, machine tools, metal products, oil and gas equipment, various types of weapons and much more are manufactured here.
Historical reference
The Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant was founded in 1759. The profile of the enterprise was the smelting of cast iron, steel and the subsequent production of metal structures. Since 1773, most of the products were anchors for the Russian fleet. Nowadays, several anchors are installed on pedestals, becoming a symbol of the plant and the city of Votkinsk.
At the beginning of the 19th century, the self-taught master Badaev developed the production of cast high-quality steel. Medical instruments, stamps, and cutting tools were made from it. In 1858, factory workers were tasked with assembling a frame for the famous one, and the order was honorably completed.
With the improvement of technology, the productivity and quality of the smelted metal increased. The year 1871 was a breakthrough - that year the first open-hearth furnace in the Urals was launched at the Votkinsk plant. Over time, VSW mastered the production of armored steel, which was used to strengthen the sides of many Russian battleships.
From iron smelting to mechanical engineering
Since the middle of the 19th century, the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant began to produce complex equipment, and above all, vessels of various types. A total of 400 steamships, barges and boats were set sail. The next stage was the assembly of steam locomotives. Since the enterprise was not connected to the “mainland” by a railway line, the finished locomotives were floated on giant barges, first along the small rivers Votka and Siva, then the Kama and Volga.
The large-scale project of laying the Trans-Siberian Railway - a railway line through the Urals and Siberia - required a huge amount of metal for the manufacture of rails, stages, and bridges. The Votkinsk plant took up the installation of bridge structures. By 1916, the company became the leader in the total length of railway bridges.
During the civil war, the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant suffered greatly. It took 6 years to restore it. The rebirth of the enterprise took place on September 09, 1925. At first, agricultural machinery was manufactured in the updated workshops, and since 1930, dredges for gold mining and steam excavators. In 1937, VSW was transferred to the production of military equipment - howitzers and anti-tank guns. More than 50,000 guns were supplied to the troops.
In the 50s, the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant began producing civilian products. Machine tools, agricultural machinery, tower cranes, steam locomotives, and locomotives were manufactured at the enterprise in large quantities. The foundry, which occupied significant areas, was gradually curtailed.
Rocket production
In 1957, the government ordered the production of missiles, including nuclear ones, to be launched at the plant. In 1960, after a series of upgrades, the OT 8K14 missile was developed, which made it possible to hit targets at a distance of 300 kilometers. It was produced at the Votkinsk plant for 25 years and was widely exported.
The OTR 9M76 became even more powerful, but during the “period of détente” between the USSR and the Western bloc it was destroyed in accordance with the INF Treaty. In 1977, the famous OT Oka rocket was created, replacing the 8K14 model. In the 90s, VSW launched the production of the operational-tactical Tochka-U, which is still used today.
Strategic missiles began to be produced in 1966. The first was 15Zh45 (SS-20) based on the mobile PGRK Pioneer. The two-stage design made it possible to cover 4500-5500 km, depending on the modification. The later mobile complex “Topol” with a destruction range of 10,500 made it possible to consolidate parity in nuclear weapons between the USSR and NATO. The improved version of Topol-M is currently the basis of Russia's strategic security. The Votkinsk plant annually produces several missiles for mobile and stationary systems.
The evolutionary development of the “Topol” family is the intercontinental rocket launcher “Yars” with separable parts. Its exact tactical and technical characteristics are classified. At the moment, the Barguzin BZHRK is being constructed on the Yars basis.
Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant: products
VSW produces a wide range of military and civilian products. This:
- Operational-tactical missiles for the Iskander-M missile system.
- Ground-based nuclear ballistic missiles (BR) "Topol-M", "Yars".
- Sea-based ballistic missile "Bulava".
- Space rockets based on ballistic missiles for launching satellites.
- Metal-cutting machines and equipment.
- Equipment for oil and gas companies.
- Special equipment for nuclear energy.
- Metal structures.
Conclusion
The enterprise is unique for Russia. This is the “backbone” of the country’s military industry in terms of the production of nuclear weapons. President Putin, while visiting the plant in 2011, ordered to double the production of ballistic missiles. And there is no doubt that a reliable rear will be provided by the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant. Address: 427430, Votkinsk, Dekabristov street-8.
Sadovnikov Vladimir Gennadievich - an outstanding organizer of the production of solid fuel rockets; Director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant of the USSR Ministry of Defense Industry; General Director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant production association of the USSR Ministry of Defense Industry (city of Votkinsk, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic).
Born on January 25, 1928 in the village of Shonguty, now Apastovsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan, in a family of rural employees. Russian. In 1953 he graduated from the Kazan Aviation Institute and was sent to work in Dnepropetrovsk (Ukraine). There, in 1953-1958, he worked in the design bureau of M. Yangel at the Yuzhmash defense plant as an engineer, senior engineer, leading designer for the rocket complexes of the USSR Academy of Sciences "Cosmos" and "Intercosmos", head of the design group for air-to-air missiles air". Due to the fact that the production of these last missiles was transferred to the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, it moved to Izhevsk in 1958. At the Izhevsk Mechanical Plant, he organized and headed a special design bureau and already in 1960 he was promoted to the position of chief engineer of the plant. Here his extraordinary abilities as a designer and organizer were especially clearly demonstrated.
In June 1966, he was appointed director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant, and subsequently - general director of the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant production association.
Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant is one of the oldest and largest industrial enterprises in the Urals. By the time a new director arrived at the plant, he was producing the 8K14 operational-tactical single-stage liquid-fuel missile, which, thanks to its high reliability and target targeting accuracy, became a long-liver of the country's defense complex. It has been exported for more than 20 years. And today in a number of countries the combat operation of these products continues. The development of new modifications and analogues of the 8K14 missile and its warheads continued until 1972. The plant also produced an experimental batch of the Temp-S solid-fuel operational-tactical missile.
In addition, the plant produced vertical milling machines and other products. Rockets were the main product of the enterprise.
In 1967, in accordance with the decree of the USSR Government, the plant began preparations for the production of the Temp-2S solid-fuel intercontinental mobile rocket, developed by the Moscow Institute of Thermal Engineering (MIT).
The three-stage rocket was a large-sized product with dimensions for machining up to two meters. Its parts were to be made from high-strength steels, aluminum and titanium alloys. To protect against high temperatures, a variety of heat-resistant materials and heat-protective coatings were used.
The design features of these missiles necessitated the development and debugging of new technologies and equipment. It was necessary to build new production facilities and reconstruct almost all main and auxiliary workshops. This enormous work, in parallel with the development and production of the country's first samples of such missiles, took place under the direct supervision of the plant director. It was thanks to his energy and perseverance that government decisions were made, according to which powerful military construction organizations and design institutes of the country were involved in construction at the plant. The most advanced technologies and achievements of scientific and technological progress were incorporated into the design solutions. For example, to eliminate defects when welding titanium, factory specialists designed and manufactured a unique, first in the country, inhabited chamber “Atmosphere”, filled with argon. Welders, like astronauts, enter the chamber in sealed spacesuits. Working in an inert gas environment allows for high quality welds. This is just one of the many innovations introduced.
Large-scale construction work began at the plant to erect numerous new buildings, rebuild existing ones, and equip them with new equipment. In fact, the plant was rebuilt from scratch. At the same time, technological preparations for the production of a new product were underway - technological processes were developed, equipment was designed and manufactured.
The first parts for the new rocket were manufactured in 1968. Work on the production of missile components and assemblies and their bench fire testing at the plant's testing station lasted four years. In 1972, delivery of the first fully assembled missiles began for field flight tests.
The tests were difficult, numerous shortcomings in the design, manufacturing technology and control system were identified and eliminated. In the second half of 1974, the tests were completed, and the first batch of Temp-2S missiles was delivered to the Ministry of Defense. Despite the successful test results, by government decree, further work on this missile was stopped and its production was stopped.
However, the titanic work was not in vain - the accumulated experience was used in the design and manufacture of new missiles.
Even before the cessation of work on the Temp-2S missile, the plant in 1973 was given the task of creating, in the shortest possible time, two-stage solid-fuel medium-range missiles developed at MIT for the Pioneer mobile missile systems. To speed up the work, the design widely used parts and components of the Temp-2S rocket that had already been tested during fire and flight tests.
The plant completed the task on time and with high quality - the tests were successful, and already in March 1975 the missile was put into service. In 1976, its serial deliveries to the Ministry of Defense began.
Since 1978, the plant began producing a more advanced modification of the missile, the Pioneer-UTTH, with improved tactical and technical characteristics. The number of Pioneer and Pioneer-UTTH missiles in military units increased rapidly. In 1981, there were 180 missile systems; in 1983, there were more than 300.
In 1984-1986, work was underway on testing and serial production of the Pioneer-3 rocket. Despite the successful results of its flight tests, it was not put into mass production due to the signing in 1987 of an agreement between the USSR and the USA on the destruction of medium- and short-range missiles. “Pioneer” was among them.
405 deployed missiles and their launchers, as well as 245 non-deployed missiles and 118 launchers were to be destroyed. About a quarter of the deployed missiles were destroyed by their launch, and all launches were successful.
In August 1975, by order of the Minister of Defense Industry, the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant was approved as the parent enterprise for the production of the Oka army mobile missile system with a single-stage solid propellant rocket. In 1978, the plant manufactured and submitted for testing the first batch of such missiles, and in June 1980 the missile system was put into service.
The production of this missile for the Ministry of Defense and its supply for export also continued until 1987, when an agreement was signed between the USSR and the USA on the destruction of medium- and short-range missiles.
In 1977, by government decree, the development of a new solid-fuel intercontinental missile of the Topol mobile missile system, also developed by MIT designers, began. It is distinguished by higher characteristics in terms of firing range and accuracy, stealth, and the practical impossibility of destroying its combat units along the trajectory. The new product used many of the best achievements in the field of rocket technology at the time of its creation, which, of course, contributed to the further development of production at the Votkinsk plant. In 1982, the plant produced the first rockets for flight testing.
Flight tests of the Topol began in 1983, and serial production began in 1988. Successful tests, as well as the operation of the complexes in the Strategic Missile Forces (Strategic Missile Forces) confirmed not only their high tactical and technical characteristics and reliability, but also the high qualifications of the developers , specialists and factory workers.
The Topol missile system became the main weapon of the Strategic Missile Forces for many years. The production and technical potential of the plant, the experience of manufacturing this rocket became the basis for the creation of a more advanced Topol-M complex.
It should be noted that along with the grandiose work on the production of missiles, at the same time the plant continued to produce new models of metalworking machines: in the 60s - milling machines 6N13 and 6M13P with increased precision, milling machines with numerical control (CNC) 9FSP and 9FSPM; in the 70s - more advanced models 6P13 and VM127, universal milling machines VM130N, VM130V with tracking measuring devices, medium-sized multi-purpose machines VM140, multi-operational machines VM150F4 with automatic tool change; in the 80s - VM140F3 machines with automatic switching of spindle speed, VM141F3-01 with Luch-43 CNC, machining centers (MC) models VM500 PMF4 with a magazine for 40 tools and Luch-3 CNC.
The products of the machine tool industry were repeatedly exhibited at the USSR Exhibition of Economic Achievements and were awarded diplomas, and the plant’s specialists were awarded VDNKh medals.
The plant also produced consumer goods - washing machines (500-600 thousand per year) and baby strollers (200-300 thousand per year).
These products were awarded the Quality Mark and were in demand among the population.
Under the leadership of V.G. Sadovnikov, a large amount of work was carried out by the plant in the social sphere - new residential microdistricts of Votkinsk, a hospital complex, a clinic, a sanatorium, complexes of buildings of a technical school, a mechanical engineering college, shops, etc. were built.
The staff of the plant he led repeatedly took top places in the All-Union Socialist Competition. In 1966 and 1981, the plant was twice awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, in 1976 - the Order of Lenin, in 1967 - the anniversary Red Banner of the ministry and the Central Committee of the trade union, in 1970 - the Certificate of Honor of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions, in 1982 - the challenge Red Banner of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the Central Committee of the Komsomol and was included on the All-Union Board of Honor at the VDNH of the USSR.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (“closed”) dated September 9, 1976 for outstanding services in the creation of special equipment Sadovnikov Vladimir Gennadievich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (“closed”) of May 15, 1981, he was awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal “Hammer and Sickle” for outstanding production achievements, early fulfillment of the tasks of the tenth five-year plan for production volume and growth of labor productivity, demonstrated labor valor. .
He was a deputy of the Supreme Council of the Udmurt Republic of the 7th-11th convocations (1967-1985), a delegate to the 24th and 27th congresses of the CPSU.
Retired since 1988. Lived in Votkinsk (Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). On February 26, 1990, he committed suicide with a pistol shot to the temple. He was buried in Votkinsk.
Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin (04/26/1971, 09/09/1976, 05/15/1981), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (07/28/1966), and medals.
Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1969).
Honorary citizen of Votkinsk.
In Votkinsk, a mechanical engineering college and one of the city streets are named after the Hero. A bust of the Hero was installed on the territory of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Votkinsky Plant", and a memorial plaque in his honor was installed on the building of the Kazan Aviation Institute.
Founding of the plant
IN 1757 year, Count P.I. Shuvalov received permission from Empress Elizabeth to build the Votkinsk ironworks.
V 1758 year, its construction began by decree of the state Berg College. The first iron was produced at the Votkinsk ironworks on September 21 (October 2), 1759.
IN 1763 year, after the death of Shuvalov (1762), the Votkinsk and Izhevsk factories went to the treasury to cover the Shuvalov family debts, and since then they have been state enterprises.
The reason for the construction of the plant was the depletion of forests near the then existing (mid-18th century) mining enterprises of the Urals. The delivery of firewood from afar led to an increase in the cost of iron production. The way out of this situation was to move ore processing to areas where forests had not yet been cut down. In addition to the Votkinsk ironworks, as an example of the implementation of such a strategy, one can also cite the nearby Izhevsk ironworks, built in 1760 - 1763. The location for the Votkinsk and Izhevsk ironworks was chosen based on a combination of proximity to a large water artery (the Kama River, which flows 15 - 20 kilometers from the present city of Votkinsk), the presence of forests, which at that time were the main fuel for industry, and proximity to mining enterprises.
1779 - Decree of Catherine II on the introduction of the production of anchors for naval ships at the plant. Construction of a large anchor factory has begun.
1782 - The first Admiralty type anchors were produced. Anchor production existed at the plant for 140 years.
WITH 1837 By 1848 years, the head of the Votkinsk ironworks was the mining chief of the Kama-Votkinsk district Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky (1795-1880), the father of the composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.
IN 1840 In the 1980s, under the leadership of Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, the enterprise changed its specialization and turned from a purely metallurgical one into a machine-building one.
IN 1847 production of steamships began in the year, and in 1868 - steam locomotives. The uniqueness of these undertakings is that the plant was located on the banks of a small shallow river, 12 km in a straight line from the deep Kama, and was not connected to the country’s railway network. Therefore, steamships and other vessels were built with the condition that the construction period would end by the beginning of the spring flood. A special dam was erected on the territory of the enterprise to create a small storage pond. In the spring, water filled this pond and flooded the shipyard area. The constructed ships floated to the surface. Then the gates on the dam of the storage pond were opened, and steamships with high water went along the Votka River into the Siva River, and then along it to the Kama. In total, the plant built about 400 ships of various types. In the same way, steam locomotives were sent from the enterprise across high water. First, they were loaded onto a special barge, then along the Votka, Siva, and Kama rivers they floated to the nearest railway station. This continued until 1916, when the Votkinsk plant connected to the country's railway network. In total, the company built 631 broad gauge locomotives of different series.
During the 18th - 20th centuries, the Votkinsk plant produced iron, anchors, railway equipment and bridges, sea and river vessels, steam locomotives, excavators, gold dredges, various weapons, and various types of civil and industrial equipment.
Early 20th century
September 9, 1925 The plant was re-opened as a manufacturer of agricultural equipment.
WITH 1930 By 1937 For years, the plant was run by the All-Union Association of Heavy Industry and began producing high-performance steam shovels and gold dredges. Over 7 years of production, 271 vehicles were produced and sent to construction sites across the country.
WITH January 1, 1938 year, with the transfer of the defense industry to the People's Commissariat, the plant became an artillery plant.
March 11, 1938 year, renamed Plant No. 235. Due to the curtailment of civilian production, production of the 152-mm M10 mod. howitzer was launched in the vacated areas. 1938 With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in 1941, the production of howitzers was stopped and the production of 45-mm anti-tank guns of the 1937 model 53-K was mastered, and in 1943 the production of 76.2-mm divisional guns of the 1942 model (ZIS- 3). At the same time, the production of 45-mm anti-tank guns was curtailed.
1956 year. Production of vertical milling machines started 6n13 according to documentation developed by the Gorky Milling Machine Plant.
IN 1957 In 2009, by resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the enterprise was repurposed for the production of ballistic missiles.
1959 year. The production of milling machines with numerical control systems has begun.
1983 year. Serial production of machining center type machines has begun VM500PMF4.
1992 - In February, the Votkinsk Machine-Building Plant was transformed into the Votkinsk Plant State Production Association.
Our days
1998 - In July, the Votkinsk plant became part of the Russian Space Agency.
1999 year. Production of a new model of a universal CNC milling machine has been mastered VM133.
1June 2010 year, as part of the program to create the JSC Corporation "Moscow Institute of Heat Engineering", the FSUE "Votkinsky Plant" was transformed into JSC "Votkinsky Plant" and on March 25, 2011 became part of the MIT corporation.
Products manufactured by the Votkinsk plant:
- VM127M- cantilever vertical milling machine 400 x 1600
Factory products discontinued from production
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