The totality of physical, chemical and physiological processes of the transformation of substances and energy in the human body and the exchange of substances and energy between the body and the environment. Provides plastic and energy needs of the body. Metabolism
This is achieved by extracting Q from nutrients entering the body and converting it into high-energy (ATP and other molecules) and reduced (NADP - N-nicotinamide-adenindinucleotide phosphate) compounds. Their Q is used for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, as well as components of cell membranes and cell organelles to perform mechanical, chemical, osmotic and electrical work, ion transport.
Metabolism Energy metabolism (dissimilation, catabolism) Energy metabolism (dissimilation, catabolism) Plastic metabolism (assimilation, anabolism) Plastic metabolism (assimilation, anabolism) The totality of biosynthesis processes of organic substances, cell components and other structures of organs and tissues. Provides growth, development, renewal of biological structures, as well as continuous resynthesis of macroergs and accumulation of energy substrates. energy accumulation is a set of processes of splitting complex molecules, components of a cell, organs, tissues to simple substances, using some of them as biosynthesis precursors, and to final decay products with the formation of macroergic and reduced compounds. release of energy
Metabolism begins from the moment of absorption of monosaccharides (carbohydrates); glycerin and fatty acids (fats); amino acids (proteins). Metabolism begins from the moment of absorption of monosaccharides (carbohydrates); glycerin and fatty acids (fats); amino acids (proteins).
They account for 50% of the dry mass of the cell. They are broken down into amino acids (non-essential and non-essential). Protein contains 16% nitrogen. 6.25 g of protein breaks down into 1 gram of nitrogen. N-balance ("+" and "-" balance). The breakdown of protein in the body occurs continuously. For 1 kg of body weight a person per day, 0.028-0.075 g of nitrogen is subject to complete destruction. 3.77 g of nitrogen is released per day (3.77 g (N) x 6.25 g \u003d 23 g of protein (wear coefficient according to Rubner).
- are part of hormones, catalysts, enzymes, cell structures. Proteins build membranes of protein-lipid complexes, are part of the chromosome apparatus, cell organelles, microtubules. The whole set of metabolism in the body (respiration, digestion, excretion) is provided by the activity of enzymes, which are proteins. All motor functions of the body are provided by the interaction of contractile proteins - actin and myosin. plastic meaning
Not great compared to carbohydrates and fats. Proteins - 1 g - 17.6 kJ Of the 20 amino acids that make up 10 essential: leucine, isoleucine, valine, methionine, lysine, threonine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, histidine, arginine. The most biologically valuable proteins are meat, eggs, fish, caviar, milk. Energy value.
Protein contains 16% nitrogen. His body absorbs only in the composition of food. 6.25 g of protein breaks down into 1 gram of nitrogen. Wear coefficient according to Rubner. For 1 kg of body weight a person per day, 0.028-0.075 g of nitrogen is subject to complete destruction. During the day, 3.77 g of nitrogen is released 3.77 g (N) x 6.25 g \u003d 23 g of protein in a healthy person, the amount of synthesized N \u003d N decayed. N-balance ("+" and "-" balance). The breakdown of protein in the body occurs continuously. nitrogen balance.
- leads to inhibition of hematopoiesis and synthesis of immunoglobulins, to the development of anemia and immunodeficiency, reproductive dysfunction. In children, growth is disturbed, at any age - a decrease in muscle tissue and liver, a violation of the secretion of hormones. Decreased intake and malabsorption of iron
Protein - causes the activation of amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism, an increase in the formation of urea and an increase in the load on the renal structures, followed by their functional exhaustion. As a result of the accumulation in the intestine of products of incomplete cleavage and putrefaction of proteins, intoxication may develop. Protein minimum - g (in some categories up to 50 g or more) per day. Excess food intake
Regulation Dissimilation Assimilation Hormones: somatotropic during the growth of the body - an increase in the mass of all organs and tissues. In an adult - an increase in synthesis due to the permeability of cell membranes for amino acids, increased RNA synthesis in the cell nucleus. Thyroxine and triiodothyronine - in certain concentrations stimulate protein synthesis and, due to this, activate the growth, development and differentiation of tissues and organs. In the liver - glucocorticoids - stimulate protein synthesis Adrenal hormones - glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, corticosterone) increase the breakdown in tissues, especially in muscle and lymphoid, and in the liver, on the contrary, stimulate protein synthesis.
Part of the fat components of the body can be synthesized from carbohydrates. : are part of cell membranes .. : their calorific value is more than 2 times greater than that of carbohydrates and proteins. 1 g of fat during splitting gives 38.9 kJ Plastic value Energy value.
Fat is absorbed from the intestines, enters mainly into the lymph and in a smaller amount directly into the blood. The body receives lipids mainly in the form of the so-called. neutral fat, which is broken down in the body into glycerol and fatty acids. A small amount of free fatty acids also comes from food. Essential unsaturated fatty acids: linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic - are not formed in the human body.
Dietary intake - 30% of the daily caloric intake. In old age up to 25%. Increasing fat intake - gaining weight body-enhancement the risk of developing SS and metabolic diseases, as well as cancer of the intestine, breast and prostate glands. Excess vegetable oil - increased risk of various cancers (except olive oil).
Regulation Dissimilation Assimilation of the CNS: hypothalamus - with the destruction of the ventromedial nuclei - a prolonged increase in appetite and increased fat deposition Sympathetic influence Hormones: epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenal medulla); somatotropic, thyroxine (thyroid gland), sex hormones,
Can be synthesized in the body from amino acids and fat. But there is a minimum of carbohydrates in the diet - 150 g. Normal intake per day.
Primary fuel for most organisms. The main role is determined by the energy function. It comes mainly in the form of a plant polysaccharide - starch and an animal polysaccharide - glycogen. Blood glucose is the direct source of energy in the body. The level of glucose in the blood is 3.3-5.5 mmol / l (60-100 mg%). Decreased blood glucose levels - hypoglycemia. Decrease in the level to 2.2-1.7 mmol / l (4.-30 mg%) - "hypoglycemic coma". The introduction of glucose into the blood quickly eliminates these disorders. Energy value. 1g - 17.6 kJ
Glycogen is synthesized from glucose in the liver cells - a reserve carbohydrate stored in reserve. Nutritional hyperglycemia (alimentary) - after a meal with rapidly absorbed carbohydrates. As a result, glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine when the blood glucose level is above 8.9-10.0 mmol / l (mg%). To maintain relative constancy in the blood, glycogen is broken down in the liver and enters it into the blood.
Brain - 12%, intestines - 9%, muscles - 7%, kidneys - 5%. The breakdown of carbohydrates in the body of animals occurs both in an oxygen-free way to lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis), and by oxidizing the breakdown products of carbohydrates to CO 2 and H 2 O. Glucose capture from the flowing blood:
Excessive consumption of carbohydrates - contributes to increased lipogenesis and obesity. A constant excess of disaccharides and glucose, which are rapidly absorbed in the intestine, create a high load on the endocrine cells of the pancreas that secrete insulin, which can contribute to their depletion and the development of diabetes mellitus.
Dissimilation Assimilation Hormones. Insulin - pancreatic hormone (β-ki islet tissue) - increased glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscles and increased glucose consumption by body tissues) CNS - "sugar prick" - prick of the medulla oblongata in the bottom of the IV ventricle. - irritation of the hypothalamus - Ch. link - bark GM -stress
Regulation Dissimilation Hormones: glucagon (alpha cells of the islet tissue of the pancreas); adrenaline - the adrenal medulla; glucocorticoids - the cortical layer of the adrenal glands; pituitary somatotropic hormone; thyroxine and triiodothyronine - the thyroid gland. Due to the unidirectionality of their influence in relation to the effects of insulin, these hormones are often combined with the concept of "contrainsular hormones"
Heat generation in the body has a 2-phase character. During the oxidation of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, one part of the energy is used for the synthesis of ATP, the other is converted into heat. The heat released directly during the oxidation of nutrients is called. primary warmth. At this stage, most of the energy is converted into heat (primary heat), and the smaller part is used for the synthesis of ATP and is again accumulated in its chemical macroergic bonds.
Thus, during the oxidation of carbohydrates, 22.7% of the energy of the chemical bond of glucose in the oxidation process is used for the synthesis of ATP, and 77.3% in the form of primary heat is dissipated in the tissues. The energy stored in ATP is then used to mechanical work, chemical, transport, electrical processes and ultimately also turns into heat, denoted by secondary heat. Consequently, the amount of heat generated in the body becomes a measure of the total energy of chemical bonds formed in the body, can be expressed in units of heat - calories or joules.
- energy expenditure of the body under standard conditions, going to maintain the minimum level of oxidative processes necessary for cell life and from the activity of constantly working organs and systems (respiratory muscles, heart, kidneys, liver). - expressed in the amount of heat in kilojoules (kilocalories) per 1 kg of body weight or per 1 m 2 of body surface in 1 hour or in one day. For an average man = 4.19 kJ (1 kcal) per 1 kg of body weight per hour, or 7117 kJ (1700 kcal) per day. Women of the same weight (70 kg) are 10% lower. The value of the basal metabolism depends on many factors, but it changes especially strongly in some endocrine diseases. For example, a sharp increase in the basal metabolic rate is observed with hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, and with hypofunction of this gland, it is lowered. A decrease in the basal metabolic rate results in the insufficiency of the function of the pituitary gland and the gonads.
- the totality of the basic metabolism and energy expenditure of the body, ensuring its vital activity in conditions of thermoregulatory (in conditions of cooling up to 300%), emotional (40-90%), food and work loads. * Group I - mental workers kcal; * Group II - workers of mechanized labor and the service sector kcal; * Group III - workers of moderately hard labor associated with significant physical effort kcal; * IV group - workers of heavy, non-mechanized labor kcal; * Group V - workers of very hard physical labor kcal; Nutrition is the process of intake, digestion, absorption and assimilation by the body of nutrients necessary to compensate for energy expenditure, build and restore cells and tissues of the body, implement and regulate body functions.
Efficiency - ratio mechanical energy to all the energy expended on the work, expressed as a percentage. At physical labor human = 16 to 25%. The coefficient of physical activity is the degree of energy expenditure for various physical activities = the ratio of total energy expenditure for all types of activities per day to the value of basal metabolism. According to this principle, men are divided into 5 groups, and women into 4 groups.
1. Food must provide sufficient energy to the body, taking into account age, gender, physiological state and type of work. 2. Food should contain the optimal number and ratio of various components for synthesis processes in the body (the plastic role of nutrients in).
The ratio of proteins, fats, carbohydrates = 1: 1.2: 4.5. Protein g, as much fat, 400 g of carbohydrates. The proportion of sugars should not exceed 10-12% of carbohydrates in the daily diet, which corresponds to d. In adults, the main thing is carbohydrates. From the age they reduce calorie content by 15%, At 70 years old - by 30%. The ratio is 1.0:0.8:3.5. High need for vitamins and minerals. Daily vitamin C 0.5 g 3 times a day, dairy and vegetable food, ballast substances, optimal culinary processing of food.
3. The food ration should be adequately distributed throughout the day. Dividing the daily ration into 3-5 meals at intervals of 4-5 hours 3 meals a day breakfast - 30%, lunch - 45%, dinner 25%. Eat dinner 3 hours before bed. Eating is not 
Slides and text of this presentation
slide 2
Description of the slide:
slide 3
Description of the slide:
References: Pokrovsky, V.M., Korotko, G.F. Human physiology. M.: Mir, 2009-478 p. Babsky, E.B. Human physiology. M.: Medicine, 2006-624 p. Knowledge base on human biology [Electronic resource] / Ed. A.A. Alexandrova - Electron. Dan. - M.: LLC "Light-telecom", 2001. - Access mode: http://humbio.ru/humbio/default.htm, free. - Zagl. from the screen.- Yaz. Russian
slide 4
Description of the slide:
slide 5
Description of the slide:
Fat metabolism Fats are part of a large group of organic compounds - lipids, so the concept of "fat metabolism" and "lipid metabolism" are synonymous. About 70 grams of fats of animal and vegetable origin enter the body of an adult per day. In the oral cavity, the breakdown of fats does not occur, since saliva does not contain enzymes for the breakdown of fats. Partial breakdown of fats into components (glycerol, fatty acids) begins in the stomach, but this process is slow for the following reasons: in the gastric juice of an adult, the activity of the enzyme for splitting fats (lipase) is very low acid-base balance in the stomach is not optimal for action of this enzyme in the stomach there are no conditions for emulsification (splitting into small droplets) of fats, and lipase actively breaks down fats only as part of a fat emulsion.
slide 6
Description of the slide:
Slide 7
Description of the slide:
Slide 8
Description of the slide:
Description of the slide:
Violation of fat metabolism. The physicochemical properties of fat in the human body depend on the type of fat ingested with food. For example, if a person's main source of fat is vegetable oils (corn, olive, sunflower), then the fat in the body will be more liquid. If fats of animal origin (mutton, pork fat) predominate in human food, then fats more similar to animal fat (solid consistency with high temperature melting).
To use the preview of presentations, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and sign in: https://accounts.google.com
Slides captions:
Metabolism. Norms and diet. Completed by: Biology teacher Ismailova V.V.
Metabolism (metabolism) - a set of chemical reactions in living organisms that ensure their growth, development, life processes.
Metabolism (Metabolism and energy) Plastic metabolism (assimilation) is the synthesis of organic substances (carbohydrates, fats, proteins), with the expenditure of energy. Energy metabolism (dissimilation) - the breakdown of organic substances, with the release of energy. The final breakdown products are carbon, water, and ATP.
Metabolism The process takes place in 3 phases: Preparatory phase Main phase Final phase
Preparatory phase Plastic exchange Energy exchange Synthesis of intermediate substances from low molecular weight substances (organic acids) Breakdown of complex energy substances into simple ones under the action of digestive enzymes. Proteins Amino acids Fats Glycerol and fatty acids Starch Glucose
The main phase Plastic metabolism Energy metabolism Synthesis of "building blocks" from intermediate compounds (amino acids, fatty acids, monosaccharides) Glucose undergoes cleavage. Glucose PVC + E
The final phase Plastic metabolism Energy metabolism Synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids, fats from "building blocks". Cleavage is subjected to PVC PVC carbon dioxide + hydrogen
Protein metabolism 1) Under the action of digestive tract enzymes (pepsin, trypsin), proteins are broken down into amino acids. 2) Amino acids go to the liver, where excess amino acids lose their nitrogen and turn into fats and carbohydrates. 3) Proteins of the body are built from amino acids in cells.
Essential amino acids Valine (meat, mushrooms, dairy and grain products) Isoleucine (chicken, liver, eggs, fish) Leucine (meat, fish, nuts) Lysine (fish, eggs, meat, beans) Methionine (milk, beans, fish, beans)
6) Threonine (dairy, eggs, nuts) 7) Tryptophan (bananas, dates, chicken, dairy products) 8) Phenylalanine (beef, fish, eggs, milk) 9) Arginine (pumpkin seeds, beef, pork, sesame) 10 ) Histidine (beef, chicken, lentils, salmon)
Functions of proteins: Structural-plastic Support Catalytic Protective Transport Energy Anti-toxic
Fat metabolism Under the action of bile and lipase, fats break down into fatty acids and glycerol. Enters fat depots and cells through the lymphatic system. Used as a spare substance and building material.
Functions of fats Structural-plastic Regulatory Heat-insulating Energy
Carbohydrate metabolism Under the action of the enzymes amylase, maltase, ptyalin, carbohydrates are decomposed into glucose and simple carbohydrates. The decay products enter the liver through the blood vessels. In the liver, the excess is converted into glycogen, and the rest is distributed among the cells of the body.
Functions of carbohydrates Structural-plastic Protective Energy
Water-salt metabolism Neither water nor mineral salts are sources of energy, but they are necessary for the implementation of the most important functions of the body.
Water is necessary for the normal course of many physiological processes: it is a solvent, takes part in the formation of the structure of organic molecules, performs transport functions, participates in temperature regulation, and participates in hydrolysis reactions of various substances. Minerals determine osmotic pressure, are involved in the conduction of nervous excitation, in muscle contractions, and blood coagulation.
Elements of mineral salts Macronutrients Calcium Ca Potassium K Sodium Na Phosphorus P Chlorine Cl Microelements Iron Fe Cobalt Co Zinc Zn Fluorine F Iodine J
Slides: 12 Words: 634 Sounds: 0 Effects: 43
Hypothesis: We believe that there is a close relationship of matter and energy with the environment. Metabolism: definition and stages of metabolism. The transformation of substances within the body is represented by plastic and energy metabolism. Plastic metabolism is called anabolism (assimilation). Energy metabolism is called catabolism (dissimilation). The relationship of energy and plastic exchanges: The exchange of matter confirms the law of conservation of mass of matter and energy. Research in the field of physics. (How is the transformation of energy in the body?). Electric. Chemical. - Metabolism.ppt
metabolic process
Slides: 18 Words: 1035 Sounds: 0 Effects: 92Metabolism is the basis for the existence of living organisms. Development of skills of independent work with various sources of information. Compare anabolism and catabolism. Determine the biological significance of metabolism. Fundamental question: Basic terms and concepts: Metabolism. Metabolism. Anabolism, assimilation. Biosynthesis. Catabolism, dissimilation. What is metabolism? Essence of Metabolism: The essence of metabolism is the transformation of matter and energy. Anabolism. catabolism. What is anabolism? The most important process of anabolism, which is of planetary importance, is photosynthesis. - The process of metabolism.ppt
Metabolism in the body
Slides: 21 Words: 424 Sounds: 0 Effects: 8metabolism in the body. Balanced diet. Diet. The body's need for nutrients. Biology. Academic subjects. Physics. Technology. Mathematics. Where do living organisms get the energy they need to live? What is the perspective of decorating dishes? How much do you need to eat to live? How is energy transformed in a living organism? Metabolism. Energetic set of enzymatic processes of splitting complex organic substances in the body. Stages of metabolism: Supply of nutrients and energy from external environment. Use by the body of the positive components of these transformations. - Metabolism in the body.ppt
Metabolic reactions
Slides: 47 Words: 3125 Sounds: 0 Effects: 101Metabolism. Metabolism and energy. Part of the received substances. Protein exchange. Proteins are divided into two groups. Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids. Ammonia. carbohydrate metabolism. Alpha cells. daily consumption. Fat exchange. Phospholipids. Fats form myelin sheaths. Water-salt exchange. Water. The composition of amino acids. Breakdown of proteins. Carbohydrates are oxidized in the digestive system. Vitamins. Members. Metabolic reactions. Metabolic reactions. Term. Vitamins are part of enzymes. Vitamins are usually denoted by letters of the Latin alphabet. Vitamin C. Need for vitamin C. - Metabolic reactions.ppt
Matter and energy
Slides: 44 Words: 515 Sounds: 0 Effects: 105Metabolism and energy. How is living different from non-living? Signs of a living organism. Nutrition Respiration Growth Development Reproduction Metabolism. Plants must receive environment: Water. mineral salts. Carbon dioxide. Oxygen. The body is an open system. Photosynthesis. Metabolism. Animals must receive from the environment. Squirrels. Fats. Carbohydrates. Life products. Metabolism-. Why do animals eat? To be strong... Strength = energy + muscles. What is the connection between: The old man did not like how the Owl hooted and sighed. How good it is when no one interferes ... - Substance and energy.pps
Metabolism and energy
Slides: 11 Words: 672 Sounds: 0 Effects: 27Metabolism and energy in plants and animals. 1. Answer the questions: What are the main properties of a living organism? What is nutrition? What is the meaning of nutrition? What is breath? What is the meaning of breathing? What is a selection? What is the meaning of selection? 2. Find a correspondence between an organ and an organ system. Metabolism and energy. In plants. Independent work with the textbook. Metabolism of plants and animals. Plants Animals. The supply of matter and energy. Simple substances + solar energy. Photosynthesis = organic matter + oxygen. organic substances. Split? simple + energy Synthesis of organic substances (needed by the body). - Metabolism and energy.ppt
Metabolism and energy in the body
Slides: 34 Words: 1629 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Metabolism and energy. Metabolism. Dictionary. Metabolism and energy in the body. Reactions of the transformation of the ATP molecule. plastic exchange. Biosynthesis. Genetic code. Scheme of protein synthesis. Transcription. Broadcast. Ribosome. T-RNA. Ribosome movement speed. Autotrophs. Metabolism and energy in the body. Metabolism and energy in the body. Organisms that synthesize the components of their cells. Photosynthesis. Chloroplast. Chlorophyll. Metabolism and energy in the body. Phases of photosynthesis. The cosmic role of photosynthesis. Chemosynthesis. Sulfur bacteria. Cellular respiration. - Metabolism and energy in the body.ppt
hormones in metabolism
Slides: 21 Words: 654 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The role of hormones in metabolism. Repetition. Sort the listed glands into groups. Name biologically active substances. The purpose of the lesson. Pituitary. Functions. epiphysis thyroid gland position in the body. The hormone thyroxine. Epithelial body. thymus. Thymus. Adrenals. The hormone cortisone. Pancreas. The hormone insulin. Sex glands. Lack and excess of hormones. Patient complaints. Lesson results. - Hormones in metabolism.pps
Human metabolism and energy
Slides: 67 Words: 1766 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Metabolism and energy. Content. Consider the processes of metabolism and energy in the body. Calorie. Joule. 1 newton. KJ / kcal. Method of direct calorimetry. Parameters used in the indirect calorimetry method. Caloric equivalent of oxygen. Fundamentals of rational nutrition. Metabolic parameters evaluated in practice. BX. Membrane transport processes. Working increase. Correction factor. Total daily energy consumption. Population groups divided by coefficient of physical activity. The coefficient of physical activity. The exchange of matter and energy (metabolism). - Human metabolism and energy.ppt
Relationship between metabolism and energy
Slides: 15 Words: 498 Sounds: 0 Effects: 131Municipal educational institution. Life condition. The set of processes. plant metabolism. The transformation of substances in the body. Breath. Metabolism. Transformation of substances in animals. Getting proteins. Exchange. Digestive system. metabolic rate. Warm-blooded animals. Plants. Homework. - Relationship of metabolism and energy.pptx
Proteins fats carbohydrates
Slides: 14 Words: 111 Sounds: 0 Effects: 30Proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Problem question. Why does the human body need proteins, fats and carbohydrates contained in food? Study. Purpose: To determine the purpose of organic substances in the human body. Tasks: Find out what proteins, fats, carbohydrates are. Determine the optimal ratio of organic substances in the daily diet. "Convenience. Low cost. Releasing women's hands. Proteins, fats and carbohydrates According to the rules of science." (D. Samoilov, "Semi-finished products"). Squirrels. Every cell in a living organism contains proteins. Muscles, skin, hair, nails of a person consist mainly of proteins. - Proteins fats carbohydrates.ppt
The role of proteins, fats, carbohydrates
Slides: 20 Words: 1132 Sounds: 0 Effects: 14Metabolism and role of proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Introduce students to the metabolism and role of proteins. Problem question. The main features of living organisms. What is breath. Metabolism. Food proteins. Food lipids. How often do you eat fried foods. How often do you eat meat? Ham and eggs. Scoring. Digestive canal. Squirrels. The role of proteins in the body. The role of fats in the body The role of carbohydrates in the body. What is the role of protein in the body. Nutrients. Homework. - The role of proteins, fats, carbohydrates.ppt
Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates
Slides: 18 Words: 626 Sounds: 0 Effects: 4Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Antoine Francois de Fourcroix. Compound. Protein exchange. This is interesting. Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Fats. Fat in tissues. Fat metabolism. Transisomers. Carbohydrates. Metabolism of carbohydrates in the body. The main role of carbohydrates. Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. - Metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates.pptx
Enzymes
Slides: 28 Words: 748 Sounds: 0 Effects: 76Lesson topic: Enzymes. Municipal educational institution Secondary school No. 5. Protein functions. Construction Catalytic, or enzymatic. Protective. Motor. Transport. Regulatory - hormones Insulin - regulates the content of glucose in the blood. Energy (1 g of protein - 17.6 kJ). Questions: What is the origin of the word "enzyme"? Who first discovered enzymes? What are the characteristics of enzymes? properties of enzymes? Classification of enzymes. What is the principle of action of enzymes? The practical importance of enzymes. The study of the enzyme - catalase. The Russian physiologist I.P. Pavlov called enzymes "Carriers of Life". - Enzymes.ppt
cell enzymes
Slides: 12 Words: 524 Sounds: 0 Effects: 63on the topic: "Enzymes". Table of contents. General provisions. The first UREASE enzyme was isolated by the American biochemist D. Sumner in 1926. Enzymes. Substrates. properties of enzymes. The structure of enzymes. An example of a two-component enzyme is peroxadase. Enzyme nomenclature. A new enzyme nomenclature, adopted in 1961, is now in use. Classification of enzymes. Methods for isolation and purification of enzymes. Main stages of the citric acid cycle. - Cell Enzymes.ppt
Human Enzymes
Slides: 53 Words: 654 Sounds: 0 Effects: 335Enzymes. Blood clotting. The structure of the human cell. Cell of epithelial tissue. Animal cage. Comparison of cells. Introduction to enzymes. substrate. The work of the enzyme. Enzymes and blood clotting. blood coagulation system. Enzymes and digestion. The role of enzymes in digestion. Digestion of carbohydrates. Protein digestion. Fat digestion. biological catalysts. Hydrogen peroxide. The structure of the enzyme. Attachment of a substrate to an enzyme. enzyme properties. enzymatic catalysis. Laboratory work "Squirrels". hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity. Action of acetic acid. - Human Enzymes.pptx
Biological enzymes
Slides: 13 Words: 1681 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Enzymes. Story. The concept of enzymes. Short story development of teaching. The chemical nature of enzymes. Basic properties of enzymes. The structure of enzymes. Active site of enzymes. The mechanism of action of enzymes. Multimolecular enzyme systems. The use of enzymes. Problems of medical enzymology. The work has been completed. - Biological enzymes.ppt
Enzymes and vitamins
Slides: 11 Words: 823 Sounds: 0 Effects: 31Fat biology
Slides: 5 Words: 273 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Project "FATS". Project summary. The gymnasium has a chemical laboratory in which a chemical experiment was carried out. The office is designed for 36 seats. There is a laptop, a multimedia projector. Project planning. Educational materials. Evaluation Criteria Evaluation sheet for the final project activity. - Fat biology.pptx
fat proteins carbohydrates
Slides: 22 Words: 881 Sounds: 0 Effects: 20Why you need to eat right. Problem. Objective of the project. Find out why you need to eat right and on time so as not to get sick. Task. Methods and ways. Nutrition plays a huge role in our life. What is rational nutrition? Result. Lunch: macaroni and cheese 430Kcal. Dinner: mashed potatoes with sausage 463 Kcal. Total per day 1093 Kcal. Our food. From proper nutrition will depend on the increase or decrease in our immunity. This path leads to the accumulation of fat in the body. Proteins are also called carriers of life. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the balance of the amino acid composition of food entering the body. -
Loading...