Gas condensate types and properties. Brief description of gas condensates. Environmental requirements

Definition of the term gas condensate

Separation of stable gas condensates

Definition of the term gas condensate

Gas condensates are liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, separated from natural gases during their production at the so-called gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, at a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and temperatures, some gasoline-kerosene fractions are in the vapor state, less often - higher molecular weight liquid components of oil. During the development of fields, the pressure decreases to 4-8 MPa, and raw (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable one, contains, along with C5 and higher hydrocarbons, dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction. When the pressure decreases as the gas is consumed, the gas is released in the geological formation and, therefore, disappears for the consumer. Therefore, during the exploitation of deposits with a high content of hydrochloric acid, hydrocarbons C3 and higher are extracted from the gas produced on the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back to maintain pressure in the reservoir.

Gas condensate (gas condensate) - a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (C5H12 + higher), released from natural gases during the operation of gas condensate deposits as a result of a decrease in reservoir pressure (below the pressure of the start of condensation) and temperature. Gas condensate is used as a motor fuel and is a valuable raw material for the chemical industry.

Gas condensate is a natural mixture of low-boiling petroleum hydrocarbons that are in the subsoil in a gaseous state, and when cooled and reduced to atmospheric pressure (under day surface conditions), it decomposes into liquid (condensate) and gas components. Polytechnic Dictionary, M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1989.-S.105.

Gas condensate (gas condensate) - a mixture of hydrocarbons, mainly with a boiling point of 30 to 250 degrees C, condensed from natural oil gases during their production in gas condensate fields. In addition, gas condensate is formed during the production of natural gas itself, during pumping natural gas through pipelines, since pumping is carried out under pressure up to 30 MPa, and high-boiling hydrocarbons are dissolved in methane under pressure (up to 712 cm3 / m3 of methane). M3 Condensate processing into high-octane and winter diesel fuel is practiced.

NGL gas condensate (broad fraction of light hydrocarbons) is a solution of gaseous hydrocarbons in liquid ones, and gaseous hydrocarbons contain up to 75%, fractions with a boiling point of up to 117 degrees C predominate among liquid ones. NGL is sometimes referred to as unstable gas condensate. From NGL after gas separation (propane-butane fractions) the actual gas condensate is obtained.

Gas condensate - a fraction isolated from natural gas and which is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons (containing at least 5 carbon atoms per molecule).

Gas condensate is the most valuable raw material for the production of motor fuels, as well as for the chemical processing of extractants (hexane fraction), benzene, cyclohexane.

Gas condensates are liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, separated from natural gases during their production at the so-called gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, at a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and temperatures, some gasoline-kerosene fractions are in the vapor state, less often - higher molecular weight liquid components of oil. During the development of fields, the pressure decreases to 4-8 MPa, and raw (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable one, contains, along with C5 and higher hydrocarbons, dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction. When the pressure decreases as the gas is consumed, the gas is released in the geological formation and, therefore, disappears for the consumer. Therefore, during the exploitation of deposits with a high content of hydrochloric acid, C3 and higher hydrocarbons are extracted from the gas produced on the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back to maintain pressure in the reservoir.

Gas condensates, liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons of various structures, isolated from natural ones. when they are mined at the so-called. gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, at a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and temperatures, some gasoline-kerosene fractions are in the vapor state, less often - higher molecular weight liquid components of oil. During the development of deposits, the pressure decreases to 4-8 MPa, and raw (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable one, contains, along with hydrocarbons C5 and above, dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction. When the pressure decreases as the gas is consumed, the gas condensate is released in the geological formation and, therefore, disappears for the consumer. Therefore, during the operation of fields with a high content of gas condensates, C3 and higher hydrocarbons are released from the extracted to the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back to maintain pressure in the reservoir. Gasolines obtained from gas condensates according to the classical technology usually have low knock resistance. To increase it, antiknock agents are used. The yield of gas condensate fractions used as diesel fuel, ranges from 9% (Punginskoye) to 26% (Vuktylskoye field); these fractions for most condensates are characterized by relatively high cloud and pour points and can be used as fuel only in summer. To get a winter diesel fuel they need to be deparaffinized.

Liquefied natural gas - liquefied under pressure and when cooled to facilitate storage and transportation. At 74.-99% it consists of methane. The density is 1.9 times less than that of gasoline. Boiling point -158 to -163C. Liquefaction ratio from 92% (economic mode; at gas distribution stations) to 95%. Foreign term - Liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Gas condensates, liquid mixtures of high-boiling hydrocarbons decomp. buildings isolated from nature. gases during their production at the so-called. gas condensate fields. In reservoir conditions, with a combination of high pressures (10-60 MPa) and t-p, some gasoline-kerosene fractions are in the vapor state, less often - more high-molten. liquid components of oil. During the development of deposits, the pressure decreases to 4–8 MPa, and crude (unstable) condensate is released from the gas, which, in contrast to the stable one, contains, along with hydrocarbons C5 and higher, dissolved gases of the methane-butane fraction (Table 1). With a decrease in pressure as the gas is consumed, gas condensate is released into the geol. reservoir and, therefore, disappears for the consumer. Therefore, during the operation of fields with a high content of gas condensates, C3 and higher hydrocarbons are released from the gas produced on the surface of the earth, and the C1-C2 fraction is pumped back to maintain pressure in the reservoir.

Composition of gas condensates from the main fields of the USSR (% by mass)

Characteristics of gas condensates from a number of fields in the USSR

Gas condensates are isolated from gases by the method of low-temperature condensation (separation) using cold obtained during throttling or expansion or on special equipment. refrigeration plants (see Refrigeration processes). For a deeper extraction of gas condensates, the same methods are used (low-temperature condensation, absorption and rectification) as for the processing of petroleum and natural resources. gases (see Natural combustible gases).

Unstable gas condensate is delivered to the purchaser via condensate pipelines under its own ownership. pressure, and stable gas condensate - through pipelines or bulk transport. At gas and gas pipeline damming plants, gas condensates are divided into fractions used in the production of fuels and both for petrochemicals. synthesis.

Gasolines derived from gas condensates usually have low knock. durability. To increase it, antiknock agents are used. The yield of gas condensate fractions used as diesel fuel ranges from 9% (Punginskoye field) to 26% (Vuktylskoye field); these fractions for most condensates are characterized by relatively high turbidity and solidification temperatures and can be used as fuel only in the summer. To obtain winter diesel fuel, their dewaxing is necessary.

Separation of stable gas condensates

Increasing requirements for the quality of motor fuels and protection environment lead to the need to create more complex and thus expensive technological schemes for the deep processing of stable gas condensates and oil.

The proposed technology makes it possible to effectively separate stable gas condensates at the molecular level without chemical transformations, use rectification, distillation processes and obtain commercial motor fuels of European quality.

Advantages of this technology:

Possibility of processing raw materials without preliminary purification from sulfur compounds and obtaining desulfurized motor fuels;

High degree of extraction of gasoline and diesel fractions (100%);

The quality of motor fuels meets European standards;

Low temperature (120°C) and pressure (atmospheric) reference process separation;

Simple hardware design;

Reduction of metal consumption and energy intensity per unit of productivity;

Low cost of processing raw materials;

Possibility of creating and using mini-installations placed on automobile platforms, which allows for the separation of gasoline and diesel fractions directly at the production site;

The modular principle embedded in the technological scheme makes it easy to increase productivity;

Absence in the production of expensive catalysts;

No harmful emissions into the atmosphere and wastewater;

Full regeneration of working elements in process discharge (service life of at least 5 years);

Significant reduction in production space.

Comparative characteristics of a mini-plant (with a capacity of 100 thousand tons per year) for the processing of stable gas condensate and an industrial plant using our proposed technology are shown in the table.

The main ones are:

1) Production is environmentally friendly;

2) The energy intensity of production is reduced by 3-4 times;

3) Installations are easy to operate and do not require the involvement of highly skilled labor;

4) Commercial products fully comply with international standards;

5) Reducing the number of devices and the absence of the need for a number of additional devices dramatically reduces the metal consumption of installations, reduces the area required for building, reduces the construction time and, ultimately, reduces the initial cost of production;

6) accidents at such an enterprise are much lower than at a conventional one. Currently, we have complete technical documentation necessary for the construction of mini-factories that implement any of the described technologies.

* price module depends on terms of reference and productivity.

* When separating diesel fuel as a fraction using our elements, we get the content sulfur in the finished product less than 0.005%.

For the initial implementation, it is proposed to install a separate continuous cycle module with a capacity of about 10,000 tons / year.

1. Initial raw material- stable gas condensate

2. Received product:

Gasoline component

Diesel component

Mineral oil component.

3. Price module (when stable gas condensate contains 65% gasoline fraction and 25% diesel fraction) including installation - UAH 2,500,000.

4. Dimensions:

Height - 2.5 - 3 m

Area - 80 m2.

5. Requirements for operating conditions: indoor or shed.

6. Communications:

Water (in cycle)

Sewerage (emergency)

Electricity (0.1 kW / hour).

Liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons (they all have different molecular structures and boil at high temperatures), which are released as a by-product in gas condensate, gas and oil fields, are combined under the common name - gas condensates. Their composition and quantity depend on the place and conditions of extraction, therefore they vary widely. However, they can be divided into two types:

stable gas condensate in the form of gasoline-kerosene fractions (and sometimes higher molecular weight liquid components of oil),
an unstable product, which, in addition to C5 and higher hydrocarbons, includes gaseous hydrocarbons in the form of a methane-butane fraction.

Condensate can come from three types of wells where it is produced:

Crude oil (it comes in the form of associated gas, which can occur underground separately from crude oil (in layers) or be dissolved in it).
Dry natural gas (characterized by a low content of dissolved hydrocarbons in it, the condensate yield is low).
Wet natural gas (produced from gas condensate fields and has a high content of gasoline condensate).

The amount of liquid components in natural gases varies from 0.000010 to 0.000700 m³ per 1 m³ of gas. For example, the yield of stable gas condensate in various fields:

Vuktylskoe (Komi Republic) - 352.7 g/m³;
Urengoy (Western Siberia) - 264 g / m³;
Gazlinskoye (Central Asia) - 17 g / m³;
Shebelinskoe (Ukraine) — 12 g/m³.

Schemes for separating condensate from natural gas or oil are varied and depend on the field and the purpose of the products. As a rule, at a process plant built near a gas or gas condensate field, the produced gas is prepared for transportation: water is separated, it is purified to a certain extent from sulfur compounds, C1 and C2 hydrocarbons are transported to the consumer, a small portion of them (of the produced gas) is pumped into the reservoirs for maintaining pressure. The isolated fraction (after removing C3 components from it, but with a small content of them) is the gas condensate that is sent as a feed stream to refineries or petrochemical synthesis units. Transportation is carried out by pipeline or bulk transport.

Gas condensate is not used as a raw material for the production of gasoline with a low octane rating, to increase which anti-knock additives are used. In addition, the product is characterized high temperature turbidity and solidification, so it is used to produce summer fuel. As a gas condensate, they are used less frequently, since additional dewaxing is required. This direction uses less than a third of the produced condensates.

Most interesting technological solution is the use of such a product as a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons for petrochemical synthesis. With its receipt, the processing of gas condensate begins. Deeper processes continue at pyrolysis plants, where NGLs are used as a feedstock for the production of important monomers such as ethylene, propylene, and many other related products. Then ethylene is sent to polymerization units, from which polyethylene of various grades is obtained. The result is polypropylene. The butylene-butadiene fraction is used to make rubber. Hydrocarbons C6 and above are raw materials for the production of petrochemical synthesis (benzene is obtained), and only the C5 fraction, which is a raw material for obtaining the most valuable products, is still inefficiently used.

Gas condensate is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons condensing from natural gases. Gas condensate is a colorless or slightly colored liquid. Outwardly, as a rule, gas condensate is a transparent liquid. The color of this liquid can vary from straw yellow to yellow-brown. What determines the color of a substance?

It turns out that the color intensity of the liquid depends on the amount of oil impurities contained in it. You may have heard the name "white oil". So - this is the common name for gas condensate.

How is gas condensate separated? Deep in the bowels of our earth lie various fossils. Including gas and gas condensate. Having discovered these deposits, the mining company drills a well into the earth, trying to get to the gas-bearing formations. During drilling, the pressure in the formations decreases and, in parallel, the temperature decreases. As you know, any condensate appears when either the ambient temperature or pressure drops significantly. This is exactly the process that occurs in the case of gas production. The pressure and temperature drop, and at the same time, liquid hydrocarbons of a mixed composition (C5 and above) begin to separate from the gas. This is our "white oil".

At the same time, the higher the barothermal parameters before the start of condensation, the greater the amount of hydrocarbons that can be dissolved in the produced gas. Also, the amount of hydrocarbons is affected by the composition of the gas in the reservoir and the presence of "oil rims". An oil rim is a part of a reservoir containing oil, as well as gas and condensate. Gas condensate can be concentrated in the reservoir within different limits - from 5 g/m? up to 1000 g/m?. If gas deposits are located at a great depth, then in order to obtain condensate, it is necessary not only to lower the temperature of the gas, but also to absorb and rectify it additionally.

In order to keep the pressure in the reservoir at a high level for as long as possible, C1-C2 fraction hydrocarbons are pumped back into the well. As a result, the so-called "unstable" condensate is obtained directly from the well. It comes to consumers through special conductive systems. Unstable condensate is subjected to thorough purification from impurities, gas is removed from the composition. Now it becomes "stable". This type gas condensate reaches the end user either through pipelines or bulk transport.

What is the composition of gas condensate? The composition of gas condensate is influenced by many factors. The hydrocarbon composition of the condensate and the number of fractions in it are affected by the conditions of the formation; the conditions under which the selection of the substance occurs. It is very important to take into account the period of time during which this deposit is exploited. Earlier, we mentioned the effect of “oil rims” present in the reservoir on the composition of the condensate. The conditions of gas condensate migration into the deposit during its formation, as well as the chemical composition of the reservoir gas, should also be taken into account. In general, the content of gas condensate is similar to that of oil. But, unlike oil, gas condensate does not contain resinous substances and asphaltenes. Basically, it includes gasoline and kerosene components.

Gasoline fractions boil at a temperature of +30 °С - +200 °С, kerosene - within +200 °С - +300 °С. Included in the condensate and a small amount of high-boiling components. The output of gasoline fractions is usually more than half. If the formation is located at a great depth, then kerosene components and gas oil predominate in its composition. Condensates containing methane and naphthenes are more common, less often - containing aromatic or naphthenic hydrocarbons.

What is gas condensate used for? Gas condensate serves as a basis for obtaining fuel or products of the petrochemical industry. So from gas condensate or gasoline High Quality. To improve the quality, gasoline fractions obtained from condensate are subjected to additional processing. In order to increase the resistance of the fuel to detonation, antiknock agents are introduced into the composition. Without additional processing, these types of fuel can only be used in the warm season, as they quickly become cloudy and solidify. In order for these fuels to work in cold weather, paraffin is removed from their composition.

Aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins and other monomeric molecules obtained during the processing of gas condensate are used for the production of plastics, synthetic rubbers, various fibers and resins. Mining companies are interested in developing condensates available at large fields. They put into operation installations with a large unit capacity.

For example, Gazprom owns fields with gas condensate reserves of more than 1 billion tons. In year this company produces about 13 million tons of gas condensate.
Liquid mixtures of hydrocarbons (they all have different molecular structures and boil at high temperatures), which are released as a by-product in gas condensate, gas and oil fields, are combined under the common name - gas condensates. Their composition and quantity depend on the place and conditions of extraction, therefore they vary widely. However, they can be divided into two types: stable gas condensate in the form of gasoline-kerosene fractions (and sometimes higher molecular weight liquid components of oil), an unstable product, which, in addition to C5 and higher hydrocarbons, includes gaseous hydrocarbons in the form of methane-butane fraction .

Condensate can come from three types of wells where it is produced: Crude oil (it comes in the form of associated gas, which can occur underground separately from crude oil (strata) or be dissolved in it). Dry natural gas (characterized by a low content of dissolved hydrocarbons in it, the condensate yield is low). Wet natural gas (produced from gas condensate fields and has a high content of gasoline condensate). The amount of liquid components in natural gases varies from 0.000010 to 0.000700 m? for 1 m? gas. For example, the yield of stable gas condensate at various fields: Vuktylskoye (Komi Republic) - 352.7 g/m?; Urengoy (Western Siberia) - 264 g/m?; Gazlinskoe (Central Asia) - 17 g/m?; Shebelinskoe (Ukraine) - 12 g/m?.

Natural gas condensate is a multi-component mixture of various liquid hydrocarbons with low density, in which gaseous components are present. It condenses from the raw gas during the temperature drop during well drilling (below the dew point of the produced hydrocarbons). It is often referred to simply as "condensate" or "gasoline". Schemes for separating condensate from natural gas or oil are varied and depend on the field and the purpose of the products. As a rule, at a process plant built near a gas or gas condensate field, the produced gas is prepared for transportation: water is separated, it is purified to a certain extent from sulfur compounds, C1 and C2 hydrocarbons are transported to the consumer, a small portion of them (of the produced gas) is pumped into the reservoirs for maintaining pressure. The isolated fraction (after removing C3 components from it, but with a small content of them) is the gas condensate that is sent as a feed stream to refineries or petrochemical synthesis units. Transportation is carried out by pipeline or bulk transport.

Gas condensate at refineries is used as a raw material for the production of gasoline with a low octane number, to increase which antiknock additives are used. In addition, the product is characterized by a high cloud point and pour point, so it is used to produce summer fuel. As a diesel fuel, gas condensate is used less often, since additional dewaxing is required. This direction uses less than a third of the produced condensates.

The most interesting technological solution is the use of such a product as a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons for petrochemical synthesis. With its receipt, the processing of gas condensate begins. Deeper processes continue at pyrolysis plants, where NGLs are used as a feedstock for the production of important monomers such as ethylene, propylene, and many other related products. Then ethylene is sent to polymerization units, from which polyethylene of various grades is obtained. As a result of the polymerization of propylene, polypropylene is obtained. The butylene-butadiene fraction is used to make rubber. Hydrocarbons C6 and above are raw materials for the production of petrochemical synthesis (benzene is obtained), and only the C5 fraction, which is a raw material for obtaining the most valuable products, is still inefficiently used.

Gas condensate distillate is an analogue of diesel fuel, close to it in density and other characteristics. It contains gasoline and kerosene fractions, but asphaltenes and resinous substances are absent. Gas condensate distillate is a clear liquid with a specific odor. It is light, medium and heavy, differs in composition and scope.

We can say that gas condensate distillate, the price of which is relatively low, can be an excellent alternative to diesel fuel. And also, due to its decent quality, this product has gained immense popularity in the petrochemical and paint industries. 31/01/18

GOST R 54389-2011

Group A22

NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STABLE GAS CONDENSATE

Specifications

Stable gas condensate. Specifications

OKS 75.060
OKP 027132

Introduction date 2012-07-01

Foreword

Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On Technical Regulation", and the rules for the application of national standards of the Russian Federation - GOST R 1.0-2004 "Standardization in the Russian Federation. Basic provisions"

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED by the Society with limited liability"Research Institute of Natural Gases and Gas Technologies - Gazprom VNIIGAZ" (LLC "Gazprom VNIIGAZ")

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 52 "Natural and liquefied gases"

3 APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by Order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated August 30, 2011 N 247-st

4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments- in monthly published information signs "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in information system common use - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet

1 area of use

This standard applies to stable gas condensate prepared at primary processing units for transportation and/or use as a raw material for further processing on the territory of the Russian Federation and for export.

2 Normative references

This standard uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST R 8.580-2001 State system ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Definition and application of indicators of precision of test methods for petroleum products

GOST R ISO 3675-2007 Crude oil and liquid oil products. Laboratory method for determining density using a hydrometer

GOST R ISO 14001-2007 Environmental management systems. Requirements and application guide

GOST R 50802-95 Oil. Method for determination of hydrogen sulfide, methyl and ethyl mercaptans

GOST R 51069-97 Oil and oil products. Method for Determining Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity with a Hydrometer

GOST R 51330.5-99 (IEC 60079-4-75) Explosion-proof electrical equipment. Part 4. Method for determining the auto-ignition temperature

GOST R 51330.11-99 (IEC 60079-12-78) Explosion-proof electrical equipment. Part 12: Classification of mixtures of gases and vapors with air according to safe experimental maximum clearances and minimum ignition currents

GOST R 51858-2002 Oil. General specifications

GOST R 51947-2002 Oil and oil products. Determination of sulfur by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

GOST R 52247-2004 Oil. Methods for determination of organochlorine compounds

GOST R 52340-2005 Oil. Determination of vapor pressure by expansion method

GOST R 52659-2006 Oil and oil products. Manual selection methods

GOST R 53521-2009 Processing of natural gas. Terms and Definitions

GOST 12.0.004-90 Occupational safety standards system. Organization of labor safety training. General provisions

GOST 12.1.004-91 Occupational safety standards system. Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005-88 System of labor safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 12.1.007-76 Occupational safety standards system. Harmful substances. Classification and general safety requirements

GOST 12.1.019-79 * System of labor safety standards. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
________________
* The document is not valid on the territory of the Russian Federation. Valid GOST R 12.1.019-2009, hereinafter in the text

GOST 12.1.044-89 (ISO 4589-84) Occupational safety standards system. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 12.4.010-75 Occupational safety standards system. Individual protection means. Mittens are special. Specifications

GOST 12.4.011-89 System of labor safety standards. Means of protection for workers. General requirements and classification

GOST 12.4.020-82 Occupational safety standards system. Personal protective equipment for hands. Nomenclature of quality indicators

GOST 12.4.021-75 System of labor safety standards. Ventilation systems. General requirements

GOST 12.4.068-79 System of labor safety standards. Dermatological personal protective equipment. Classification and general requirements

GOST 12.4.103-83 Occupational safety standards system. Special protective clothing, personal protective equipment for legs and arms. Classification

GOST 2.4.111-82* System of labor safety standards. Man's suits for protection against oil and oil products. Specifications
________________
*Probably an original error. Should read: GOST 12.4.111-82. - Database manufacturer's note.

GOST 12.4.112-82 Occupational safety standards system. Women's suits for protection against oil and oil products. Specifications

GOST 17.1.3.05-82 Nature protection. Hydrosphere. General requirements for the protection of surface and groundwater from pollution by oil and oil products

GOST 17.1.3.10-83 Nature protection. Hydrosphere. General requirements for the protection of surface and groundwater from pollution by oil and oil products during pipeline transportation

GOST 17.1.3.12-86 Nature protection. Hydrosphere. General rules protection of waters from pollution during drilling and oil and gas production on land

GOST 17.1.3.13-86 Nature protection. Hydrosphere. General requirements for the protection of surface waters from pollution

GOST 17.2.3.02-78 Nature protection. Atmosphere. Rules for establishing permissible emissions of harmful substances by industrial enterprises

GOST 17.4.2.01-81 Nature protection. Soils. Nomenclature of indicators of sanitary condition

GOST 17.4.3.04-85 Nature protection. Soils. General requirements for control and protection against pollution

GOST 1510-84 Oil and oil products. Marking, packaging, transportation and storage

GOST 1756-2000 (ISO 3007-99) Oil products. Determination of saturation vapor pressure

GOST 2177-99 (3405-88) Petroleum products. Methods for determining the fractional composition

GOST 2477-65 Oil and oil products. Method for determining the water content

GOST 2517-85 Oil and oil products. Sampling methods

GOST 3900-85 Oil and oil products. Methods for determining density

GOST 6370-83 Oil, oil products and additives. Method for determination of mechanical impurities

GOST 11851-85 Oil. Paraffin determination method

GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods

GOST 19121-73 Petroleum products. Method for determining the sulfur content by burning in a lamp

GOST 19433-88 Dangerous goods. Classification and labeling

GOST 21534-76 Oil. Methods for determining the content of chloride salts

GOST 31340-2007 Warning labeling of chemical products. General requirements

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards according to the relevant indexes drawn up on January 1 of the current year, and according to information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.

3 Terms and definitions

This standard uses the terms according to GOST R 53521, as well as the following terms with the corresponding definitions:

3.1 stable gas condensate; KGS: Gas condensate obtained by cleaning unstable gas condensate from impurities and separating C-C hydrocarbons from it, which meets the requirements of this standard.

Note - Stable gas condensate is obtained by primary processing of unstable gas condensate.

4 Technical requirements

4.1 KGS must comply with the requirements of Table 1.

Table 1 - Requirements for KGS


Name of indicator	Group value	Test method

1 Saturated vapor pressure, kPa (mm Hg), max
2 Mass fraction of water, %, no more
3 Mass fraction of mechanical impurities, %, no more
4 Mass concentration of chloride salts, mg/dm, not more than
5 Mass fraction of sulfur, %
6 Mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide, million (ppm), no more
7 Mass fraction of methyl and ethyl mercaptans in total, million (ppm), not more than
8 Density at 20 °С, kg/m;
15 °С, kg/m	They don't standardize. Determination at the request of the consumer
9 Fraction yield, % up to temperature, °С: 100 200 300 360	They don't standardize. Definition required
11 Mass fraction of organochlorine compounds, million (ppm)	They don't standardize. Determination at the request of the consumer
Notes 1 By agreement with consumers, it is allowed to release KGS with a saturated vapor pressure of not more than 93.3 (700) kPa (mm Hg). 2 For organizations processing sour raw materials and put into operation before 1990, it is allowed upon agreement with consumers and transport companies exceeding the value for indicator 6 for group 2 CGS up to 300 million (ppm) and for indicator 7 for group 2 CGS up to 3000 million (ppm). 3 If, according to at least one of the indicators, the PHC belongs to group 2, and according to the others - to group 1, then the PHC is recognized as corresponding to group 2. 4 Indicators 5-7 are determined at the request of the consumer only for condensates with a content of sulfur compounds (in terms of sulfur) of more than 0.01% by weight.

4.3 In the symbol of KGS, its group is indicated depending on the values of the concentration of chloride salts, the mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide and methyl and ethyl mercaptans.

Example symbol KGS - Stable gas condensate, group 1, GOST R.

5 Safety requirements

5.1 According to the degree of impact on the human body, KGS belongs to the 4th hazard class according to GOST 12.1.007.

Contact with CHC has a harmful effect on the central nervous system, causes irritation of the skin, mucous membranes of the eyes and upper respiratory tract.

When working with KGS, the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances of KGS in the air of the working area, established by GOST 12.1.005 and hygienic standards, are taken into account. MPC of harmful substances in the air of the working area, contained in the KGS, for aliphatic carbons limit C-C in terms of carbon - 900/300 mg/m (where 900 mg/m is the maximum single MPC, and 300 mg/m is the average shift MPC).

KGS containing hydrogen sulfide (dihydrosulfide) with a mass fraction of more than 20 million is considered hydrogen sulfide-containing in accordance with GOST R 51858 and is assigned to the 2nd hazard class. For hydrogen sulfide (dihydrosulfide), the maximum one-time MPC in the air of the working area is 10 mg/m, the maximum one-time MPC for hydrogen sulfide (dihydrosulfide) mixed with aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons С-С in the air of the working zone is 3.0 mg/m, hazard class 2.

Control of the content of harmful substances in the air of the working area is carried out in accordance with GOST 12.1.005.

5.2 KGS refers to flammable liquids of the 3rd class according to GOST 19433.

5.3 KGS vapors form explosive mixtures with air with temperatures: flash - below 0 °C, self-ignition - above 250 °C. For KGS of a specific composition, the concentration ignition limits are determined according to GOST 12.1.044.

Explosion category and group of explosive mixtures of KGS vapors with air - IIA and T3 according to GOST R 51330.11 and GOST R 51330.5, respectively.

5.4 Safety requirements when working with KGS must not be lower than the requirements of GOST 12.1.004, safety rules - and electrical safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.1.019.

5.5 Those working with CGS must comply with the requirements of safety rules and be trained in labor safety rules in accordance with GOST 12.0.004 and measures fire safety in accordance with the fire safety standards of the Federal Law and the Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

5.6 When working with KGS, personal protective equipment should be used in accordance with GOST 12.4.010, GOST 12.4.011, GOST 12.4.020, GOST 12.4.068, GOST 12.4.103, GOST 12.4.111, GOST 12.4.112 and typical industry norms approved in the prescribed manner.

5.7 Sanitary and hygienic requirements for microclimate indicators and the permissible content of harmful substances in the air of the working area must comply with GOST 12.1.005.

5.8 All buildings, premises, laboratories in which operations with CGS are carried out must be provided with ventilation that meets the requirements of GOST 12.4.021 and sanitary rules, must comply with fire safety requirements and have fire extinguishing equipment in accordance with the Federal Law. Also, they should provide for a set of fire prevention measures in accordance with safety rules, building codes and regulations, fire safety standards and fire safety codes.

Artificial lighting and electrical equipment of buildings, premises and structures must meet the explosion safety requirements in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

6 Environmental requirements

6.1 When working with CGS, the requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental protection must be met, and the environmental management system must comply with GOST R ISO 14001. At the same time, it must be ensured that the standards for permissible environmental impact are not exceeded.

6.2 The rules for establishing permissible emissions of CHC into the atmosphere are carried out in accordance with GOST 17.2.3.02

Standards for emissions of CGS into the atmospheric air, harmful physical effects on the atmospheric air and temporarily agreed emissions are established, developed and approved in accordance with federal law on the protection of atmospheric air in the manner determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Hygienic requirements for ensuring the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas are regulated by sanitary rules and the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

6.3 General requirements for the protection of surface and groundwater are established by the Federal Law, GOST 17.1.3.05, GOST 17.1.3.10, GOST 17.1.3.12, GOST 17.1.3.13.

MPC KGS in the water of objects of cultural and domestic use and household and drinking purposes - no more than 0.1 mg / dm3 according to sanitary norms and rules. MPC KGS in the water of water bodies of fishery significance is not more than 0.05 mg / dm3 in accordance with the Order of the Federal Agency for Fishery.

6.4 Soil protection from CGS pollution is carried out in accordance with GOST 17.4.2.01, GOST 17.4.3.04 and the current legislation of the Russian Federation.

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for soil quality are regulated by sanitary rules.

6.5 Waste management activities are carried out in accordance with sanitary rules and are regulated by the Federal Law.

The procedure for the development and approval of waste generation standards and limits for their disposal is determined by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

6.6 When transporting and using CGS, measures must be taken to prevent it from getting into domestic and storm sewer systems, as well as into open water bodies and soil. Places of possible spills of KGS should have a dike and a special drainage system. Warning and liquidation emergencies related to the KGS spill, to be carried out in accordance with the KGS spill response plan.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 KGS is accepted in batches. A batch is considered to be the amount of KGS sent to one address and accompanied by quality documents in accordance with GOST 1510 (quality passport).

7.1.1 The following is accepted as a batch of KGS:

- at the metering station with continuous pumping through the condensate pipeline, the amount of gas pumped over a certain period of time, measured by metering devices and agreed upon by the supplier (consignor) and consumer (consignee);

- at the metering station when shipped to vehicles- the number of CGS, determined by agreement between the supplier and the consumer.

7.2 To check the compliance of the CGS with the requirements of this standard, acceptance tests are carried out according to the indicators given in table 1.

7.3 The selection of KGS is carried out in accordance with GOST 2517 and GOST R 52659.

7.4 The quality document (passport) issued by the manufacturer or seller (at enterprises that store products ready for sale) must contain:

- name of the manufacturer (seller);

- name and group of KGS;

- normative values of the characteristics established by this standard for this group of CGS;

- the actual values of these characteristics determined from the test results;

- number of the tank (batch number) from which this sample of CGS was taken;

- date of selection;

- the date of the analysis of the CGS.

The quality document (passport) is signed by the head of the enterprise or a person authorized by him and certified with a seal.

7.6 If any of the indicators does not comply with the requirements of this standard or there is disagreement on this indicator, the same sample is retested if it is taken from a sampler installed on the stream, or a re-taken sample if it is taken from a tank or other container.

The results of repeated tests are extended to the entire batch.

7.7 In case of disagreement in the assessment of the quality of the SSC between the supplier and the consumer, tests of the stored arbitration sample are carried out. Tests are carried out in a laboratory determined by agreement of the parties. The test results of the arbitration sample are considered final and are included in the quality document for this batch of CGS.

8 Test methods

8.1 Saturated vapor pressure, fraction yield, mass fraction of hydrogen sulfide and light mercaptans are determined in point samples taken according to GOST 2517 or GOST R 52659.

The rest of the KGS quality indicators are determined in a combined sample taken according to GOST 2517 or GOST R 52659.

8.2 Saturated vapor pressure of KGS is determined according to GOST 1756, GOST R 52340 or.

It is allowed to apply the method in accordance with reduction to saturated vapor pressure in accordance with GOST 1756.

8.3 The mass fraction of water is determined according to GOST 2477.

You can use the or method.

In case of disagreement in assessing the quality of CGS, the mass fraction of water is determined according to GOST 2477 using anhydrous xylene or toluene.

8.4 Mass concentration of chloride salts in KGS is determined according to GOST 21534. During the analysis, 1 cm 6 mol / dm of sulfuric acid is added to the aqueous extract and boiled for at least 30 minutes. It is allowed to apply the method according to.

8.5 The mass fraction of sulfur is determined according to GOST R 51947, GOST 19121 or,.

8.6 The density of the KGS at a temperature of 20 ° C is determined according to GOST 3900, at a temperature of 15 ° C - according to GOST R 51069, GOST R ISO 3675 or -.

The density of the CGS on the flow in the pipeline is determined by densitometers.

8.7 Determination of the mass fraction of organic chlorides in KGS is performed according to GOST R 52247 or according to.

To obtain a fraction that boils up to a temperature of 204 °C, it is allowed to use equipment in accordance with GOST 2177 (method B).

8.8 In case of disagreement in assessing the quality of an indicator determined according to this standard by several methods, the method indicated first in Table 1 is considered to be arbitration.

8.9 Disagreements arising in the assessment of the quality of the CGS for any of the indicators are resolved using GOST R 8.580.

9 Marking, packaging, transport and storage

9.1 KGS marking - according to GOST 14192, GOST 19433 and GOST 31340.

9.2 Transportation of KGS - in accordance with GOST 1510 and in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods established for each mode of transport.

9.3 The main volume of CGS is attributed to dangerous goods 3rd class according to GOST 19433. The hazard subclass of the supplied KGS and the UN number are set by the consignor.

9.4 Packing and storage of KGS in accordance with GOST 1510.

10 Manufacturer's warranties

10.1 The manufacturer guarantees that the quality of the CGS meets the requirements of this standard, subject to the conditions of transportation and storage, for 6 months from the date of manufacture indicated in the quality document (quality certificate).

10.2 After the expiration of the warranty period of storage, the KGS is tested for compliance with the requirements of this standard to make a decision on the possibility of its use or further storage in the prescribed manner.

Appendix A (recommended). Form of document on quality (quality certificate) of stable gas condensate


Manufacturer/seller

Designation / group KGS

Date of analysis

Standard (GOST R

Date of manufacture

Tank number (batch number)

Sampling location

Date of sampling

Test results of stable gas condensate


Name of indicator	unit of measurement	Test result


Enterprise manager
			Full name

		M.P. Maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) of harmful substances in the air of the working area List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment to be protected by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms


Atmospheric air and indoor air, sanitary air protection. Hygienic requirements for ensuring the quality of atmospheric air in populated areas



ASTM D 323-08* (ASTM D 323-08)	Method for determining the pressure of saturated vapors of petroleum products (Reid's method)
________________ * Access to international and foreign documents mentioned hereinafter in the text can be obtained by clicking on the link. - Database manufacturer's note.
ASTM D 6377-08 (ASTM D 6377-08)	Standard Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of Crude Oil VPCRx (Expansion Method)
ASTM D 4006-07 (ASTM D 4006-07)	Water in crude oils. distillation method (Standard test method for water in crude oil by distillation)
ASTM D 4928-10 (ASTM D 4928-10)	Crude oils. Methods for determining the water content by coulometric Karl Fischer titration (Standard test methods for water in crude oils by coulometric Karl Fischer titration)
ASTM D 3230-09 (ASTM D 3230-09)	Raw oil. Determination of salts by electrometric method (Standard test method for salts in crude oil (electrometric method)
ISO 8754:2003	Oil products. Determination of sulfur content. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry based on the energy dispersion method (Petroleum products - Determination of sulfur content - Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry)
ASTM D 4294-10 (ASTM D 4294-10)	Determination of sulfur in petroleum products by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (Standard test method for sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry)
ASTM D 1298-05 (ASTM D 1298-05)	Method for determining density, relative density ( specific gravity) or density in API units of crude oil and liquid petroleum products by hydrometer
ISO 12185:1996 (ISO 12185:1996)	Crude oil and oil products. Determination of density. U-tube oscillation method (Crude petroleum and petroleum products - Determination of density - Oscillating U-tube method)
ASTM D 5002-05 (ASTM D 5002-05)	Standard Method for Determining the Density and Relative Gravity of Crude Oil Using a Digital Density Analyzer (Standard test method for density and relative density of crude oils by digital density analyzer)
ASTM D 4929-07 (ASTM D 4929-07)	Standard Test Method for Organic Chlorides in Crude Oil (Standard test methods for determination of organic chloride content in crude oil)

Electronic text of the document
prepared by CJSC "Kodeks" and checked against:
official publication
M.: Standartinform, 2012

Gas condensate is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons

released from natural gases during the operation of gas condensate deposits as a result of a decrease in reservoir pressure and temperature.

Another name for condensate is "white oil", as the condensate is usually clear or slightly yellow due to oil impurities.

Gas condensate serves as a basis for obtaining fuel or products of the petrochemical industry. So from gas condensate get different kinds jet, diesel or boiler fuel or high quality gasolines. To improve the quality, gasoline fractions obtained from condensate are subjected to additional processing.

Various fossils lie in the bowels of our earth. Including gas and gas condensate. Having discovered these deposits, the mining company drills a well into the earth, trying to get to the gas-bearing formations. During drilling, the pressure in the formations decreases and, in parallel, the temperature decreases. As you know, any condensate appears when either the ambient temperature or pressure is significantly reduced. This is exactly the process that occurs in the case of gas production. The pressure and temperature drop, and at the same time, liquid hydrocarbons of a mixed composition begin to separate from the gas. This is "white oil".

4. Properties of natural gases Natural gas is a mineral in its gaseous state. It is widely used as a fuel. But natural gas itself is not used as a fuel, its components are separated from it for separate use. Up to 98% of natural gas is methane, it also includes methane homologues - ethane, propane and butane. Sometimes carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and helium may be present. Natural gas is colorless and odorless (if it does not contain hydrogen sulfide), it is lighter than air. Properties of individual constituents of natural gas Methane is a colorless, odorless gas, lighter than air. Ethane is a colorless, odorless and colorless gas, slightly heavier than air. Not used as fuel. Propane is a colorless, odorless gas that is poisonous. Butane - similar in properties to propane, but has more high density. Twice as heavy as air. Carbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas with a sour taste. Unlike the other components of natural gas (with the exception of helium), carbon dioxide does not burn. Helium is colorless, very light in color and smell. Does not burn. It is not toxic, but at elevated pressure it can cause anesthesia, like other inert gases. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless heavy gas with the smell of rotten eggs. Very poisonous, even at very low concentrations it causes paralysis of the olfactory nerve. Natural gas has several dangerous properties: Toxicity. This is the most dangerous property. It depends on the composition of the gas. For example, methane and ethane in their pure form are not poisonous, but with a lack of oxygen in the air they lead to suffocation. Gases containing too much carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide are also hazardous to health. Explosiveness. All natural gases containing oxygen form a substance that can easily explode in the presence of a fire source. Each gas has a specific ignition temperature, which depends on its molar mass. Natural gases do not always explode, but only if they contain too much oxygen.

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