Tropical summer landscape Draws a cold on the window Why does she need roses? It can be seen that Winter yearns for spring. (D.Kedrin)
Project topic: “Why do frosty patterns appear on windows in winter?”
The purpose of the study: to find out why bizarre frosty patterns often appear on windows in winter.
Tasks: to study the literature and select interesting information about how frosty patterns appear on windows; find out why frosty patterns are different in shape; observe the appearance and disappearance of frosty patterns on the windows; draw conclusions and summarize the results of observations.
Hypothesis: Suppose that the shape of the snow patterns can predict the weather.
How do snow patterns appear on windows?
In winter, the air near the window panes is very cool and part of the water vapor from it settles on the cold panes in the form of ice crystals. Then these crystals begin to branch and grow, “drawing” snow (frosty) patterns on the glass.
In order for crystallization to begin, the first ice crystals need to settle on something. Let it be dust. Or a trace of a rag with which they wiped the windows.
Date of observation Time of observation Air temperature What interesting things I observed 01.01.2016 10.00 -12 0 Frosty patterns formed on the veranda. 01/14/2016 9.30 -10 0 There are patterns on the window of the 3rd floor of the school. They look like a fluffy spruce branch 01/15/2016 12.00 -22 0 On the 2nd floor of the school, frosty patterns look like feathers of strange birds. 01/16/2016 9.35 -20 0 New intricate patterns appeared on the window in the classroom. 01/21/2016 7.40 -17 0 In the classroom, I examined a pattern that looks like a bird. 01/28/2016 7.45 -7 0 Some patterns on the window of the 3rd floor of the school have disappeared. Frost Pattern Observation Table
Do all windows show frosty patterns?
Patterns do not appear on the window if the window is open. Frost patterns cannot appear on a double-glazed window Previously, when the stove was stopped in the evening, the temperature of the glass dropped below 2 degrees. Droplets of water froze on it.
What are frost patterns?
Dendrites (tree-like formations). Dendrites are formed if the air humidity is increased, and the cooling of the glass began even at a positive temperature and continued with a further decrease in temperature.
Dendrites on the mirror of our car
Trichites (fibrous forms). Trichitis occurs on glass precisely when there are many scratches, nicks and dust particles.
Trichitis on the glass in my dad's car.
Frosty patterns on the car
When are marvelous pictures of ice crystals formed?
With a sharp cold snap, the temperature of the windows becomes lower than the air temperature in the room. Warm water vapor, which is in the humid air in the room, settles on them. A thin, almost invisible layer of water appears on the glass.
Folk signs if the branches of the patterns were directed downwards - the weather will be snowy and cloudy; if up - clear and sunny. straight drawings portend even greater cold, oblique - thaws, and more intricate patterns - to the snowfall.
Analysis of observations and conclusions The goal that I set for myself has been achieved. I found out why bizarre ice patterns often appear on the windows in winter. did following conclusions: Frosty drawings on glass are large ice crystals growing from water vapor at the border of heat and cold; The type of pattern on the glass surface depends on the temperature inside and outside the room, the humidity of the air in the room, the thickness of the glass and the contamination of its surface.
Analysis of Observations and Conclusions With high-quality sealing of glass, patterns do not appear on the glass, because no temperature difference. On modern windows (double-glazed windows) frosty patterns are not formed. My observations support the hypothesis that the shape of snow patterns can predict the weather.
Vologda lace
Literature and Internet sources Likum A., Shalaeva G.P., Encyclopedia "Vse about everything" Publisher: Klyuch-S, Slovo, 1994-2001. Sergeev I.S., How to organize project activities students, M., "Arkti", 2006 http://seasons-years.rf/frosty%20uzory.html http://ru.wikipedia.org http://www.booksite.ru/ http://vologda-portal.ru/
Thank you for your attention!
The symbol of winter in past centuries was not only severe frosts and snowdrifts, but also ice patterns on the windows, which, according to an old belief, are drawn by Santa Claus himself. Ice crystals form on glass into unique pictures in which you can see the thicket, unusual animals, fabulous trees and flowers, the sea, stars. In order for ice gardens to bloom on the windows, it is necessary that the air in the room is humid, and the temperature outside is below zero.
Why do frosty patterns appear on the window
Everyone remembers the parable that Santa Claus draws frosty patterns on the window. He imperceptibly sneaks up to the window at night and draws unique frosty pictures on it with a thin ice brush. In fact, everything is much more prosaic. If there is humid air in the room, and the temperature outside is from zero degrees Celsius and below, then excess moisture condenses on the cold surface of the window glass. Here, the water vapor cools and passes from a vaporous state to a solid state, forming thin crystals.
Any perfect in appearance has microscopic notches and scratches. The moisture that settles on the surface of the glass crystallizes first of all on these smallest defects, and only then new and new ones cling to the first crystals, forming patterns. Sometimes, for the appearance of ice patterns, there are enough dust particles with which the surface of the glass is dotted, or streaks that remain after washing the windows. And the appearance of patterns is facilitated by drafts and air currents. According to the method of formation, frost patterns are divided into two types: dendrites - branching patterns that resemble trees, and trichites, which are more like stars.
Why are there no patterns on plastic windows?
Patterns on windows in a frosty winter appear when water vapor from the air condenses on the surface of cold glass and then crystallizes, forming ice. In other words, the glass and the layer of surrounding air must be sufficiently cold. At plastic windows thermal insulation properties are better than wooden windows, so the temperature of the glass on the inside is higher. Consequently, condensation with crystallization proceeds worse. Simply put, old wooden windows "breathe" and the cold enters the apartments, and patterns form from the temperature difference.
Old wooden windows are double-framed with single panes without insulating glass. The frames are not airtight, between them (and therefore between the glasses) there is ordinary room air, on the cold glass there are processes of moisture condensation and crystallization. And in PVC windows they use - two or three glasses, hermetically glued. Between the glass panes of a double-glazed window is not humid room air, but dry, cleaned of dust and moisture or an inert gas. So it turns out that there is nothing to condense on the coldest outer glass - there is no moisture in the double-glazed unit chamber, and patterns do not form on the inner glass, since it is too warm.
There is another reason: old wooden windows, as a rule, are “dirtier” than PVC windows, that is, there is more dust on the surface of such glasses, namely, water crystallizes on dust particles.
If ice patterns appear on PVC windows, this means that the windows are not installed quite correctly, they are not sufficiently sealed with a special rubber band, the double-glazed window is not tight ... Contact
On frosty days, stunning ice patterns appear on the windows in the form of unusual stars, bizarre curls, fabulous trees and flowers. In order for ice gardens to bloom on the windows, it is necessary that the air in the room is humid, and the temperature outside the window is below zero.
Why do frosty patterns appear on the window
Everyone remembers the parable that Grandfather Frost draws frosty patterns on the window. He imperceptibly sneaks up to the window at night and draws unique frosty pictures on it with a thin ice brush. In fact, everything is much more prosaic. If there is humid air in the room, and the temperature outside is from zero degrees Celsius and below, then excess moisture condenses on the cold surface of the glass. Here, the water vapor cools and passes from a vaporous state to a solid state, forming thin crystals.How ice crystals are formed
Any perfect-looking glass has microscopic notches and scratches. The moisture that settles on the surface of the glass crystallizes first of all on these smallest defects, and only then new and new ones cling to the first crystals, forming patterns. Sometimes, for the appearance of ice patterns, there are enough dust particles with which the surface of the glass is dotted, or streaks that remain after washing the windows. And drafts and air currents contribute to the appearance of patterns. According to the method of formation, frost patterns are divided into two types: dendrites - branching patterns that resemble trees, and trichites, which are more like stars.Tree patterns dendrites
Dendrites form at the bottom of the glass, where the water layer is thicker. Wide trunks of frosty patterns appear here, on which thinner branches gradually grow. The dendrites at the bottom of the glass are wide and thick, while those at the top are narrower and thinner. Such a frosty pattern resembles a thicket of an impenetrable fairy forest.trichyta star patterns
If there are a lot of notches, dust particles and scratches on the glass, then trichites appear on it - frosty patterns that look like stars. First, the epicenter of the pattern freezes - a speck of dust or a notch, and then other crystals join it, like rays. As a result, frosty patterns become similar to a cluster of snowflakes or. When the temperature outside the window drops, trichites form dense ice fibers.When the patterns on the windows don't appear
If the air humidity in the room is low and the window has good thermal insulation, then condensation does not form on the glass and frost patterns do not appear. That is why ice paintings, so familiar to residents of houses with old wooden windows, do not indulge residents of apartments with high-quality plastic windows with their appearance.I'm sure he has more important things to do! So, romantic dreamers retire to, and I’ll tell the cold-blooded know-it-alls where the chanterelles on the windows come from ... And I’ll also reveal the secret of how to make them yourself!
Who paints windows with silver in winter?
What charms winter does not use! The patterns on the windows are perhaps one of the most impressive. However, frosty pictures on glass are practically the same as frost on grass and trees. In any case, the principle of their formation is the same.
Air, depending on its temperature, can contain a certain amount of water in the form of water vapor. The absorption of water by air decreases with decreasing temperature.
In other words, when it gets cold, the humidity in the air decreases. Therefore, the excess steam contained in it settles on cold surfaces, that is, it condenses.
“But then water droplets form or dew falls,” you can rightly remark and you will be absolutely right.
At positive temperatures, yes! Frost or silver patterns on glass occur only when moist air is cooled to 0°C or below.
It was then that water vapor, as if by magic, changes from a gaseous state to a solid, bypassing the liquid state and turning into small ice crystals. This process is called desublimation.
Explaining this phenomenon to You, I remembered an interesting winter riddle. Apparently, her author with physics would be on you. Can you guess?
- Droplet! Cool down, cool down, grow up.
Build ice bridges overnight.
Where do patterns of bizarre shapes come from?
How winter flowers are formed on the windows, figured out. Feel free to praise yourself! But how do ordinary ice crystals manage to create such bizarre patterns?
Blame it all scratches and uneven glass surfaces. It is on them that the crystals first of all settle: next to each other, on top of several floors or on the sides - as it is necessary. This is how ordinary ice turns into filigree patterns. Strangeness is given to them and dust, settled on the glass, and various air currents(drafts, wind). That is why each pattern is so unusual and unique.
It is also interesting that different sub-zero temperatures affect the formation of crystals in different ways. If the thermometer shows just below 0 ° C, ice crystals have the shape of a hexagonal prism. In light frosts (up to ─15 ° C), they look like rectangular plates. If it gets cold outside, crystalline ice will resemble needles with blunt ends.
What are the types of frost patterns?
The variety of frosty chanterelles is amazing, but most often the glass of our windows shines with tree-like structures - dendrites or fibrous formations - trichitamy.
If the glass began to cool even at a positive temperature and high air humidity, then the water film formed on it will crystallize in the form of dendrites. It is not surprising that the most beautiful and fluffy patterns appear at the bottom of the window, because a lot of water traditionally accumulates there.
Trichites are formed in places of scratches and roughness of glass. Initially, various (often parallel) crystalline strips appear, and with subsequent cooling, many curved fibers begin to depart from the main strips. Due to the decrease in temperature, trichites turn into dense ice fibers.
Making frost at home
Turn the kitchen into a home frost factory? Easy!
You will need:
- rock salt,
- big tin can,
- crushed piece of ice.
Everything is simple! Place two cups of crushed ice in a jar. Sprinkle a glass of salt on top. Again, add two glasses of crushed ice and a glass of salt. Now wait. It won't be long before tiny droplets of water in the air will coat the outer walls of the jar, turning into a lace of ice crystals. And then the whole vessel will put on a thin coat of hoarfrost. Fantasy!
How to get rid of frosty drawings on windows?
If You want to get rid of annoying frosty patterns, I will understand You perfectly. Perhaps, everyone is familiar with the situation: you are traveling in a minibus, and instead of the desired stop, there are only silver carpets in the windows. Uncomfortable! In this case, the glass is treated with special chemical solutions. And indoors - they increase thermal insulation and place it near a container with salt.
To keep your windows from being shaded by frosty drawings, follow these simple rules:
- regularly ventilate the house;
- do not clutter up the window sill with unnecessary items;
- remember about high-quality and regular heating (warm air can hold more moisture);
- before frost, wipe the window glass with an aqueous solution of ammonia (it is better to entrust this to your mother).
With the advent of winter, we often observe how magical patterns form on our windows, which sometimes make up landscapes of extraordinary beauty. Even as a child, we were told that these amazing pictures at night are painted, with his magic brush, by none other than Santa Claus. And, despite the fact that this is a fairy tale, it becomes light and warm in the soul.
What are frost patterns? Frosty patterns are a cluster of tiny ice crystals. Scientists have found that the type of lace painting on the windows is very diverse - their number reaches several million. A variety of paintings can be depicted on the windows: flowers, trees, leaves, animals, people, birds, etc. This is such a delicate work that even the jewelers themselves would envy.
Today, there is not a single person who would not contemplate this magnificent and mysterious phenomenon. But few asked the question: how and why does this happen?
In fact, these extraordinarily magical frosty patterns on glass are the result of the condensation of water vapor. As you know, at sub-zero temperatures, water begins to crystallize, which is what happens on the windows.
The main reason for the formation of ice crystals is very high humidity and glass cooling for a long time.
As mentioned above, there are a very large number of varieties of ice patterns, but most often you can find patterns of tree-like forms (dendrites) and fibrous forms (trichites). However, all types of winter landscapes appear on our windows due to different conditions of formation, condition and cooling of water vapor.
It has been recorded that at temperatures ranging from zero to minus 6 degrees inclusive, lacy patterns appear on the glass in the form of a uniform layer of loose ice. The first ice crystals are formed in the smallest chips and cracks, after which they gradually begin to grow over the entire surface, creating fantastic patterns on the windows.
Scientists have found that dendrites appear on glass under conditions of very high humidity and a fairly warm room temperature. Initially, a thin water film appears on the windows, and only then does crystallization occur, because there is a larger layer of water in the lower part of the window. It is here that the creation of amazing frosty paintings takes place. But with a lack of moisture, tiny dendrites appear on the windows. On the sharp edges of glasses, where cracks or chips often form, as a rule, trichitis is formed.
Although the magnificent frosty patterns on the windows reduce the transmission of sunlight from our glasses, they are still unusually fantastic. If someone does not like such masterpieces, then this can be easily prevented. To do this, you only need to put a container of salt on the windowsill and then the patterns will not appear. With the advent of metal-plastic windows, it became very difficult to see such beauty, because along with this, energy-saving glasses appeared, in which the degree of thermal insulation is much higher than that of ordinary ones.
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