Lecture for lesson No. 27 Arrangement, current maintenance and repair of the railway track. Profession: Line fitter 2.3 category.
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Kaliningrad division of the October Training Center for Professional Qualifications – structural subdivision Oktyabrskaya Railway - branch of Russian Railways
EDUCATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL COMPLEX OF THE SUBJECT
(2 hours of training)
LECTURE #27
on the subject "Arrangement, current maintenance and repair of the railway track"
Way fitter 2-3 category. Professional training
Kaliningrad
2018
Considered and approved at a meeting of the cycle commission of the Kaliningrad division of the October Training Center for Professional Qualifications.
Used materials:
- Kreinis Z.L. A guide for a track maker. Vocational training of a track fitter of the 2nd category. - M.: Publishing House Avtograf LLC, 2013.
164s.
- Manual for the foreman of the track, edited by Professor Vorobyov, "UMC on railway transport", 2005.
Lecture for lesson number 27. Topic:The device of the railway track.
Manual and mechanized travel tools and fixtures
Hand tools are used to perform repair and track work that does not require the use of a mechanized tool or track machines. Hand tools are needed for tamping sleepers, unscrewing and tightening nuts and bolts of rail fasteners, tightening and unscrewing track screws, pulling out and driving crutches, drilling and cutting holes in rails, grinding rails and spreading rail gaps, lifting track grating, etc.
The instruction on the current maintenance of the railway track establishes a list of machines, mechanisms, equipment, instruments and tools that the divisions of track distances must be equipped with.
The list of hand tools for track facilities includes (among other things) crutch hammers, crowbars and pointed crowbars, track wrenches and socket wrenches, axes for notching sleepers, rammers, end tampers, a chamfering device, etc.
Travel wrenchdesigned for screwing and unscrewing nuts of butt rail bolts.The keys are made by stamping or forging from St5 grade steel. Working part material: heat-treated alloy steel, see figure 5.1.1.
The gap of the wrench is made along the width of the nut, on the other hand it is 1 mm larger, which allows you to work with deformed nuts (36x37; 36x41; 41x42). Weight 2.0-4.5 kg. Length 75 cm.
Crutch travel hammerintended for gainhammering and finishing of typical crutches when carrying out track work ontracks with wooden sleepers.Use them after a nozzle on a wooden handle. Hammer weight 4.8 kg, see figure 5.1.2.
Figure 5.1.2. Crutch travel hammer
crowbar designed to pull out crutches withoutbringing special linings under the paw, hanging sleepers whendriving crutches, hanging the rail when changing the rail pads and dr, see figure 5.1.3, crowbar length 1350 mm, width 60 mm, height 130 mm, weight 8 kg. If the horns of crowbar scrap cannot be brought under the head of the crutch, especially in winter, a crutch puller is used.
They also use crowbars with other head shapes, which ensure that the crutch is pulled out to its full length without placing additional objects under the paw.
socket wrench designed for tightening and unscrewing nutsembedded and terminal bolts, as well as screws.
Dexel (cross ax for cutting sleepers)created forfastening of sleepers, bridge and transfer beams. They are used for cutting burrs on wooden sleepers and beams, as well as for cleaning beds under linings. The back side of the ax is used for laying deep cards on the way. The dexel cutting blade is sharpened on one side like a chisel blade. Overall dimensions 275x105x60 mm. Weight 2.0-2.5 kg. Use after a nozzle on a wooden handle.
Drawing Dexel
designed for manual tappingby pushing the ballast under the bottom surface of the sleepers.
Tampers - flywheel and end
Rail pliers designed to carry rails of types P50, R65 . Permissible load capacity - up to 50 kg. Co. ntsy pincers, capturing the rail, must converge in the same plane without distortion. Weight of ticks 8.0 kg.
Sleeper pliers designed for carrying, dragging newand pulling out old sleepers, transfer and bridge beams when changing them.The weight of the pliers is 3.8 kg. The ends of the tongs gripping the sleeper must converge in the same plane without distortion.
Picture. Sleeper pliers
Single-rail trolley (moderon)designed for transportation of tools and materials along one rail thread.
Picture. Single-rail trolley (moderon)
\Typical job description Installer of the track of the 2nd category
Job description of a track fitter of the 2nd category
Job title: Level 2 track fitter
Subdivision: _________________________
1. General Provisions:
- Subordination:
- The track fitter of the 2nd category is directly subordinate to ..........................
- Track fitter 2nd category follows instructions .............................................. ..........
- The track fitter of the 2nd category replaces .............................................. ......................................
- The fitter of the track of the 2nd category replaces .............................................. ....................................
(instructions of these employees are carried out only if they do not contradict the instructions of the immediate supervisor).
Substitution:
Recruitment and dismissal:
The track fitter is appointed to the position and dismissed by the head of the department in agreement with the head of the department.
- Must know:
- way signs and signals
- types of basic materials for the device of the superstructure of the track
- general data on the arrangement of the superstructure of the track and subgrade and General requirements for their operation
- ways and means of performing simple jobs during installation and dismantling of structures of the track superstructure
- name of the main elements of the superstructure of the track and subgrade
- standard instruction on labor protection.
- Performing the simplest work during the installation, dismantling and repair of structures of the upper structure of the track and underground underground lines.
page 2 Job description Track fitter
4. Rights
- The track fitter has the right to give instructions to employees subordinate to him, tasks on a range of issues that are part of his functional duties.
- The track fitter has the right to control the fulfillment of production tasks, the timely execution of individual orders by employees subordinate to him.
- The path maker has the right to request and receive necessary materials and documents related to the issues of its activities and the activities of employees subordinate to it.
- The track fitter has the right to interact with other services of the enterprise on production and other issues that are part of his functional duties.
- The track fitter has the right to get acquainted with the draft decisions of the management of the enterprise regarding the activities of the Division.
- The track fitter has the right to propose to the manager for consideration proposals for improving the work related to the duties provided for in this Job Description.
- The track fitter has the right to submit proposals for the consideration of the head of the promotion of distinguished employees, the imposition of penalties on violators of production and labor discipline.
- The track fitter has the right to report to the manager about all identified violations and shortcomings in connection with the work performed.
- The track fitter is responsible for the improper performance or non-performance of his official duties provided for by this job description - within the limits determined labor law Russian Federation.
- The track fitter is responsible for violating the rules and regulations governing the activities of the enterprise.
- When transferring to another job or dismissing him from his position, the track fitter is responsible for the proper and timely delivery of cases to the person taking up this position, and in the absence of such, to the person replacing him or directly to his supervisor.
- The track fitter is responsible for offenses committed in the course of carrying out his activities - within the limits determined by the current administrative, criminal and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
- The track fitter is responsible for causing material damage- within the limits determined by the current labor and civil legislation of the Russian Federation.
- The track fitter is responsible for compliance with the current instructions, orders and orders for the preservation of trade secrets and confidential information.
- The track fitter is responsible for compliance with the internal regulations, safety and fire safety rules.
Head of structural
Track fitter 2nd category Characteristics of works. Performing the simplest work during the installation, dismantling and repair of structures of the upper structure of the track and underground underground lines.
Track fitter 2nd category Must know: way signs and signals; types of basic materials for the device of the superstructure of the track; general data on the arrangement of the superstructure of the track and subgrade and general requirements for their operation; methods and techniques for performing simple work during the installation and dismantling of track superstructure structures; the name of the main elements of the upper structure of the track and subgrade; standard instructions for labor protection.
Work examples. Ballast filling in sleeper boxes. Removal of weeds from under the sole of the rail. Branding of wooden sleepers. Painting of track and signal signs, reinforced concrete and wooden posts at the crossing. Stacking old sleepers. Numbering of rail links. Wrapping and unscrewing bolts and screws in sleepers with a socket wrench. Complete set of terminals with terminal bolts and washers. Dismantling of rail joints. Removal and installation of snow protection shields. Driving stakes when staking and leveling lines. Loading, transporting and unloading fasteners. Clearing the path from snow by hand. Laying out sleepers and fasteners by hand. Antiseptic sleepers and beams manually. Installation and rearrangement of road signs and snow protection fence on the stretch. Cleaning ditches, drainage and upland ditches, rails on the stage and lubricating them. Replacement of ballast in sleeper boxes up to the sole of the sleepers.
The construction and repair of railways, as well as ensuring safe traffic, are the main tasks of the railway workers. They monitor the condition of the road, clear it of grass in summer and snow drifts in winter.
This profession is for strong men who know how to work with a pick and a shovel. They will not be afraid of either a storm wind, or torrential rain, or a snow blizzard.
Revenue of professionals in Russia
As for track fitters, the word "revenue" here has two meanings - "cash income" and "friendly team of railway workers."
They have the same motto as the famous Musketeers: "One for all and all for one!".
In order to correctly lay heavy sleepers and massive rails, it is necessary to work as a friendly team.
Even modern technology will not solve all the problems if the brigade of the railroad workers does not work as one organism.
Railroad workers are in the greatest demand in Krasnodar Territory – 10%.
In second place is the Leningrad region. - 7%, and the third - Sverdlovsk region. – 6%.
- Trans-Baikal Territory - 50260 ($891);
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 42500 ($754);
- Republic of Sakha - 41523 ($736);
- Penza region – 40,000 ($709);
- Tomsk region – 38700 ($686);
- Jewish Autonomous Region - 35,000 ($621).
The master of the path of the 3rd category receives a minimum salary of 23,383 rubles. ($415) .
The average level is 25,000 rubles. ($443).
The maximum income he is paid in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug is 55,000 rubles. ($975) .
A track fitter of the 2nd category is considered a student.
He is obliged to pass the exam in the next 2 months, and get the 3rd grade.
He is paid 20 thousand rubles. ($355) per month.
A professional with the 4th category earns 40 thousand rubles. ($ 709), with advanced training to the 6th category, his earnings increase to 45,000 rubles. ($798) .
The foreman in the Moscow metro makes a profit of 75 thousand rubles. ($1330).
The salary of a track fitter of the 3rd category is 35,000 rubles.
Pay scale for railway workers
The table shows how the wages of railway workers increase depending on qualifications:
At these rates, the basic salary is calculated by multiplying the hourly rate by the time actually worked.
When summing up the results of work for the month, workers are encouraged with bonuses in such cases:
- There were no violations of the safe movement of trains.
- The tracks are in excellent condition.
- There are no slightest defects in the path that impair the smoothness of movement.
- The trains were running on schedule.
- There were no cases of worker injuries at work.
Travelers are interested in improving their qualifications, skills and obtaining a related specialty.
They pay extra for this:
- fitters of the 3rd category - 12%;
- 4th - 16%;
- 5th - 20%;
- 6th and above - 24% of the tariff rate.
Colleagues arrived from other countries
The hard work of Ukrainian railway workers is paid quite modestly:
- Kirovograd region – UAH 16,500 ($575);
- Dnepropetrovsk region. – 7280 UAH ($254);
- Odessa - 6000 UAH ($209).
In the Minsk subway, railway workers earn $200 a month.
Their earnings in Canada start from 50 thousand dollars a year.
It is almost impossible for a native of the CIS to get a job.
You need to know two languages well - English and French, and be in a railway society where you can pass a qualifying exam.
If you manage to get a job, the salary is $20/hour.
Job Description. Performing the simplest work during the installation, dismantling and repair of track superstructure structures. Replenishment of ballast in sleeper boxes to the norm. Replacement of ballast in sleeper boxes up to the sole of the sleepers. Removal of weeds from under the sole of the rail. Branding of wooden sleepers. Coloring of track and signal signs. Sorting and stacking old wooden sleepers. Numbering of rail links. Fastening bolts and screws in sleepers with a socket wrench. Complete set of embedded and terminal bolts. Removal and installation of snow protection shields. Driving stakes when laying out and leveling the path. Loading, transporting and unloading fasteners. Clearing the path from snow by hand. Laying out sleepers and fasteners by hand. Antiseptic sleepers and beams manually. Installation and rearrangement of road signs and snow protection fence on the stretch. Cleaning ditches, drainage and upland ditches. Cleaning fasteners and rails from dirt and fuel oil. Clearing paths of debris. Removal of vegetation from paths.
Must know: road signs and signals; types of basic materials for the device of the superstructure of the track; general provisions on the arrangement of the upper structure of the track and subgrade and the requirements for their operation; the name of the main elements of the upper structure of the track and subgrade; methods and techniques for performing the simplest work during the installation and dismantling of track superstructure structures.
§ 39. The fitter of the path (3rd category)
Job Description. Performing simple installation, dismantling and repair of track superstructure structures. Lubrication and tightening of butt bolts. Loading, unloading and laying out sleepers, beams, rails and links of the rail-sleeper grid using cranes. Laying sleepers according to the diagram. Drilling holes in sleepers with power tools. Single replacement of rail-sleeper elements. Ballast unloading from gondola cars. Adjustment of rail gaps with hydraulic spreaders. Adjustment of the rail-sleeper grating in terms of hydraulic straightening devices. Correction of the track according to the track width and level. Installation of rail joints. Fencing of work sites with signal signs. Finishing the ballast prism. Fastening bolts. Dobivka crutches on the stage. Repair of sleepers on the way and in storage areas. The device of slots and slag pillows. Ballast replacement below the sole of the sleepers. Laying the links of the rail-and-sleeper lattice on the subgrade with the help of tracklayers. Maintenance of the sleeper of the link assembly line.
Must know: types of materials for the device of the upper structure of the track; norms for the maintenance of the track with wooden sleepers; rules for regulating the position of track structure structures (except for high-speed sections and sections on a reinforced concrete base); methods and techniques for performing work using hand-held electrified, pneumatic general-purpose tools and hydraulic devices; rules for the maintenance of hydraulic devices; the procedure for fencing work sites with established signals; methods and techniques for performing work during the construction of a subgrade using hand tools and devices; ways of slinging rails, packages, sleepers, beams and containers with fasteners.
§ 40. The fitter of the path (4th category)
Job Description. Execution of works medium difficulty for installation, dismantling and repair of structures of the upper structure of the track. Fastening rails to sleepers and beams manually and with crutches. Fastening rails to linings with terminal bolts in case of separate fastening. Cutting rails with electric rail cutting machines. Drilling holes in rails with electric drills. Fastening linings to reinforced concrete sleepers with screwdrivers and electric keys. Adjustment of rail clearances with hydraulic spreaders on track sections with reinforced concrete sleepers, slabs and blocks. Adjustment of the position of the rail-sleeper lattice in terms of hydraulic straightening devices on sections of the track with reinforced concrete sleepers. Measurement and alignment of the track along the gauge and level in sections with reinforced concrete sleepers, slabs and blocks using hydraulic and electric tools and in sections with wooden sleepers using electric tools. Single replacement of rail and sleeper grid elements in areas with reinforced concrete sleepers, slabs and blocks. Maintaining and repairing the automatic blocking rail circuit. Assembly and disassembly of intermediate and butt rail fasteners using power tools. Installation and dismantling of the reinforced concrete flooring of the crossing, insulated rail joints and drainage reinforced concrete tray. Inspection and maintenance of turnouts. Single replacement of defective fastening parts on railroad switches.
Must know: track maintenance standards in areas with reinforced concrete sleepers, slabs and blocks; device and requirements for the maintenance of the track in sections with track circuits and automatic blocking; rules for the production of works on installation, dismantling and regulation of the position of the structures of the superstructure of the track using electric and pneumatic tools and mechanisms; device, operating rules for electric rail cutting, electric drilling machines and traveling electric and pneumatic tools; rules for adjusting the position of track superstructure structures in sections with a reinforced concrete base.
§ 41. The fitter of the path (5th category)
Job Description. Performing complex work on the installation, dismantling and repair of track superstructure structures. Selection of rails by length and checking their laying on a square and templates. Adjustment of the position of the ends of welded rail lashes of a seamless track. Replacement of a defective section of a seamless rail track. Adjustment of the rail-sleeper grid in terms of hydraulic devices on track sections with reinforced concrete slabs and blocks. Measurement and straightening of the track according to the gauge and level on sections of the track with reinforced concrete slabs and blocks. Path adjustment on heaving places. Entering rail strands into the calculated temperature range on a seamless track. Correction of drawdowns of the path by backfilling. Mounting and installation of counter rails. Mounting and dismantling of leveling devices. Installation of anti-theft devices. Single replacement of elements of a rail-and-sleeper grid on sections of a seamless track.
Must know: design, maintenance standards of a seamless track and turnouts; rules for the production of installation of a seamless track; requirements for the quality of laying the superstructure of the track.
§ 42. The fitter of the path (6th category)
Job Description. Performance of particularly complex work on the installation, dismantling and repair of structures of the superstructure of the track. Mounting and dismantling of turnouts and fastening them to sleepers and beams. Calculation of the shift to put the path in the design position. Adjustment of the railroad switch and the transfer mechanism during operation. Selection of rails along the length and checking their laying along the square on the bridge beams of artificial structures. Measurement of curved sections of the path along the deflection arrows. Sighting and breakdown of circular and transitional curves of railway tracks when placed in the design position. Adjustment of turnout profiles during the growth and settlement of deeps. Calculation and selection of shortened rails for curved track sections. Installing a device for replacing inventory rails with welded lashes and adjusting the junction joints. Correction of the path on the abyss using an optical device. Assembling links on assembly machines of a link assembly line.
Must know: rules for the production of installation and dismantling of railroad switches; rules for the production of work when replacing and adjusting railroad switches; methods for measuring curved sections of the track along deflection arrows; methods for selecting shortened rails for curved track sections; device and principle of operation of assembly machines of link assembly lines.
Note. Track fitters engaged in the maintenance and repair of the track, artificial structures and subgrade in the sections of the pass, which have complex engineering geology (mari, karsts, swamps, buried ice, landslides, etc.), sections with regenerative braking, as well as engaged in the maintenance of hump and foothill tracks of marshalling railway stations are charged one category higher.
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