Hello, dear friends, today I would like to introduce you to the extraordinary miracles that our planet has been surprising us with for thousands of years.
What planet do we all live on? (Earth). Beautiful planet! I invite everyone present to see a photo of the Earth.
Slides number 2-11 - views of the Earth from space (automatically, to the song "Earthlings" "Grass near the house").
Very beautiful, really! Our planet is full of surprises, we call them natural phenomena, many of which we see every day. I ask you to solve riddles about them.
Runs through the grove -
Washes and rinses
Ran along the meadow -
The shepherdess bathed.
(Cloud)
No one sees me, but everyone hears, and everyone can see my companion, but no one hears.
(Thunder and lightning)
And not snow, and not ice, but silver will remove the trees.
(Frost)
There is a commotion in the yard: peas are falling from the sky.
Inna ate six peas, she now has a sore throat.
(grad)
Milk floated over the river, nothing was visible.
Dissolved milk - it became visible far away.
(Fog)
For a minute, a multi-colored miracle bridge has grown into the ground.
The miracle master made a high bridge without a railing.
(Rainbow)
They fly without wings, they run without legs, they swim without a sail.
(Clouds)
He flies down the cliff
breaks on stones.
He roars louder than the beast
and turns into foam.
(Waterfall)
Without a language, no one sees it, but everyone hears it.
(Echo)
The white dog looks into the doorway.
(Snowdrift)
Near the village the horse is cheerful.
(Snowstorm, blizzard)
(Remaining slides by click).
Slide #12Mirages
Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost sense of surprise.Mirage (fr. mirage - lit. visibility) - an optical phenomenon in the atmosphere: a combination of light streams at the border of different layers of air: hot and cooler. For an observer, this phenomenon consists in the fact that, along with a really visible distant object (for example, a section of the sky), its reflection in the air is also visible.
Slide #13Halo
Usually halos occur at high humidity or severe frost - before the halo was considered a phenomenon from above, and people expected something unusual.
The halo usually appears around the Sun and Moon, sometimes around other powerful light sources such as street lights. The halo is caused by ice crystals in clouds at an altitude of 5-10 km. The appearance of the halo depends on the shape and location of the crystals. Sometimes the halo looks like a rainbow.
Slide #14moon rainbow
We are almost used to the usual rainbow. A lunar rainbow is much rarer than a rainbow seen in daylight. A lunar rainbow can only appear in places with high humidity and only when the moon is almost full.
The night rainbow (or lunar) is the light that is reflected from the surface of the moon. A lunar rainbow is a very rare natural phenomenon. If observed with the naked eye, it may appear colorless, due to which it is often referred to as "white". There are several places in the world where the phenomenon of night rainbows is quite often repeated.Pictured is a moonlit rainbow at Cumberland Falls in Kentucky.
Slide #15Belt of Venus
An interesting optical phenomenon that occurs when the air is dusty is an unusual "belt" between the sky and the horizon.
Slide #16pearl clouds
Unusually high clouds (about 10-12 km), becoming visible at sunset.
Slide #17Northern lights
(video #1 Northern Lights)
Appears when energetically charged particles collide with the Earth's atmosphere.
Slide #18-19colored moon
Colored moon. This is how our satellite sometimes looks due to the presence of smoke, dust in the atmosphere, and also during eclipses.
When the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity, or for other reasons, the Moon sometimes looks colored. The red moon is especially unusual.The blue moon is an incomparably rarer phenomenon than the red one.
Slide #20biconvex clouds
An extremely rare phenomenon that appears mainly before a hurricane. Opened just 30 years ago.
slide number 21Saint Elmo's fire
A fairly common phenomenon caused by increased tension electric field before a thunderstorm, during a thunderstorm and immediately afterand in winter during blizzards.The first witnesses of this phenomenon were sailors who observed the fires of St. Elmo on masts and other vertical pointed objects.
St. Elmo's fires are an electrical discharge in the form of luminous beams that occurs at the sharp ends of tall objects (towers, masts, lonely trees, sharp rock tops, etc.).
The phenomenon was named after Saint Elmo, the patron saint of sailors. For sailors, the appearance of lights promised hope for success, and in times of danger - for salvation.
slide number 22light poles .
The nature of these phenomena is similar to the conditions that cause the appearance of a halo.
slide number 23diamond dust
Frozen water droplets that scatter the light of the sun.
slide number 24Fire rainbow.
Occurs when the sun's rays pass through high clouds.
Video #2 Tornado Fire whirlwinds
Beautiful, dangerous and rare natural phenomenon. They appear at a certain combination of air direction and temperature. In this case, the flame can rise up to tens of meters, thus forming a semblance of a fiery tornado.
slide number 25green beam .
An extremely rare phenomenon that occurs at sunset or sunrise.
Green beam - a flash of green light at the moment the solar disk disappears behind the horizon (usually the sea) or appears from behind the horizon.
In order to observe the green beam, three conditions are necessary: an open horizon (in the steppe, tundra, mountains or at sea in the absence of waves), clean air and the side of the horizon free from clouds, where the sunset or sunrise occurs. Observation with the naked eye is quite rare. Using a spyglass, a telescope, binoculars, and pointing the device at sunrise in advance, you can see it on almost any day with suitable weather. You can watch no more than a few seconds - dangerous! At sunset, its bright light does not allow the use of optics at all.
The normal duration of the green beam is only a few seconds.
slide number 26crawling stones
This amazing action that takes place in Death Valley has been disturbing the minds of scientists who are trying to write a description for several decades. natural phenomena. Huge boulders crawl by themselves along the bottom of the lake. At the same time, no one touches them, but they still crawl. No one has ever seen exactly how they move. At the same time, they stubbornly move, as if alive, sometimes turning over on their side, while leaving behind deep traces that stretch for several meters. Periodically, the stones write out such complex and unusual lines that they turn over, making somersaults in the process of movement.
Video No. 3 (7 unusual natural phenomena).
Our fun activity has come to an end. I hope you learned a lot today about the wonders of our planet.
I decided to write this article after I observed an interesting atmospheric optical effect in the early morning - almost any light source threw a light column into the air. The sky was just filled with pillars of light! Pretty fantastic, I tell you, the picture. So it became interesting to me what other unusual and interesting atmospheric effects are. We look at the selection and share in the comments who was lucky enough to observe something unusual in the sky.
Let's start with what I myself observed in the morning - with Light pillars.
Light pillars can be formed from both natural light sources (moon, sun) and artificial ones (spotlights, street lamps, etc.). The solution to the mystery of their occurrence lies in the formation in the air of the smallest flat ice crystals, from which light is reflected from the source. Such crystals are formed, as a rule, at high altitudes, but at low temperatures they can also form in lower layers of the atmosphere. For this reason, light pillars are more likely to be observed on frosty days. When there are a lot of such pillars, it looks pretty impressive. So it seems that you raise your head up and see a flying saucer, from which these light columns break out. It’s a pity I didn’t have a camera with me, I have to upload photos from the Internet.
Halo- this phenomenon is also associated with the appearance of ice crystals in the atmosphere.
To some extent, the halo can be compared with rainbow- in both cases, the appearance of an unusual optical effect is associated with the decomposition of light into components (dispersion). But in the case of a rainbow, the decomposition of light occurs in water droplets. And since the drops do not differ in variety, then the rainbows, in general, are quite similar to each other. Another thing is halo. Since ice crystals can be of various shapes and sizes and move in space different ways- fall, soar, circle, then there are quite a few types of halo (about a hundred), and you can observe it not in a certain position, like a rainbow - standing with your back to the sun, but in different parts of the sky. But most often, halos are a circle of light, in the center of which is the sun.
A special case of a halo is parhelion, or, as it is also called, a false sun. This interesting atmospheric phenomenon looks like light spots that look like the sun (well, or the moon).
Saint Elmo's fire.
Pretty intriguing name, isn't it. Yes, and it looks unusual - like luminous tassels or lights on the spiers and points of tall buildings. In the old days, this phenomenon could often be observed by sailors at the ends of the masts. It is not surprising that the appearance of this atmospheric phenomenon was associated with the manifestation of mystical or religious forces. However, the mystery of this natural phenomenon has long been solved. The "blame" for everything is the corona discharge, which occurs when the electric field strength in the atmosphere is high. Therefore, often the fires of St. Elmo are observed during a thunderstorm.
They are also observed during snowstorms or sandstorms, when moving from high speed particles electrify the atmosphere.
A very unusual optical effect that many photographers are chasing - green beam- a flash of green above the edge of the sun at the moment when it is hiding behind the horizon or is about to appear.
All you need to see it is a cloudless sky, clear air, open space (for example, the sea) and an irresistible desire to catch this short moment. It is explained by the decomposition and refraction of the rays of the solar spectrum, which in more appear on the horizon. Refraction (refraction) increases from red to violet. From red to violet, the scattering of rays in the atmosphere also increases. Therefore, at sunset, we often observe a red sun - the rest of the spectrum is scattered. Therefore, when the sun hides behind the edge of the horizon, the less refracted rays of the red part of the spectrum are primarily hidden from view. And if the atmosphere is clean and calm enough, then for a short moment the green part of the spectrum becomes visible. Why green and not violet, you say, because the violet refraction, following the above logic, should appear to a greater extent? This is how it actually happens. But the blue-violet part of the spectrum is scattered before reaching the observer. Therefore, we can observe a certain "golden mean" - a green beam.
Crowns. You could easily observe them yourself in foggy weather. These are rainbow circles around light sources - lanterns, car headlights.
Crowns can also be observed around natural light sources (sun, moon), when they are covered with a light veil of clouds. The most beautiful crowns are formed when clouds or fog consist of small droplets of the same size. As the drops increase, the size of the rainbow rings decreases until they disappear completely. This can serve as a harbinger of worse weather. The appearance of crowns is explained by the diffraction of light.
A special case of crowns is Gloria.
Also explained by the diffraction of light. A very interesting optical effect, but it can only be observed at a fairly high altitude, for example, in the mountains. Unlike crowns, gloria is formed at a point opposite to the light source at the level of the observer. And since there is an observer on the line “light source - gloria” who casts a shadow, the gloria is actually a rainbow halo around the shadow of the observer. In the East, this optical phenomenon is called the Light of the Buddha.
biconvex clouds(lenticular mammatus) - can take the form of bags or plates hanging in the sky.
An unprepared observer can easily mistake this atmospheric phenomenon for an invasion of aliens.
Of course, they have nothing to do with aliens, but this does not make biconvex clouds any less beautiful and fascinating. These clouds form between two layers of air, or in a place where air flow bumps into an obstacle, such as the top of a mountain.
Northern(or, it would be more correct to call it, polar) shine Everyone knows about him, but not many have seen him.
They arise as a result of the interaction of a stream of charged particles moving from outer space (the so-called solar wind) with the magnetic field of the planet. It was not for nothing that I wrote "planets" and not "Earths", because Auroras have also been recorded on other planets. solar system. You can observe the aurora borealis mainly in high latitudes, and in both hemispheres (therefore, it is more correct to call this phenomenon not “aurora borealis”, but “aurora borealis”). But during periods of significant solar activity, the geography of places where you can observe this amazing spectacle can expand significantly.
Mirage. I bet that almost everyone has experienced this phenomenon. But, as it often happens, in everyday bustle and worries, we do not notice the beauty and unusual manifestations that nature shows us.
Remember, after all, you have probably seen more than once in hot weather over the very surface of the heated asphalt flowing streams, as if a fast-moving stream cuts the road at a short distance? That's what it is simplest form mirage. In more beautiful cases, you can observe objects that are hidden behind the horizon. This happens because light propagates in a straight line only in a homogeneous medium. When the air near the heated surface heats up, it becomes inhomogeneous, and the propagation of light rays in such an air medium becomes curvilinear, an imaginary image that does not exist in this place appears. Thus, it becomes possible, as it were, to look beyond the horizon.
There are several types of mirages, but the most unusual, of course, is Fata Morgana(from the Italian fata Morgana - the fairy Morgana, who, according to legend, lived on the seabed and lured unlucky sea travelers with the help of mirages into her nets).
This mirage is a collection of several different mirages. Those who observe it can see various objects reflected many times and with various distortions.
This is not a complete list of unusual and amazing natural phenomena. The gaseous shell of the Earth - the atmosphere - is a kind of lens of the planet. Moreover, it is heterogeneous - denser at the surface and more rarefied in the upper layers, somewhere more heated, somewhere less, somewhere dry, and somewhere saturated with moisture. All this makes the earth's atmosphere a source of phenomena striking in their beauty and mystery. And we just have to be just attentive and not turn away when nature wants to show us something amazing.
Good luck with your experiments and observations!
The polar (northern) lights are one of the most beautiful optical phenomena in the world, which can be observed exclusively at high latitudes, not far from the poles. Usually auroras are bluish-white, and only in exceptional cases can multicolored auroras be observed. Auroras arise as a result of the bombardment of the upper atmosphere by charged particles moving towards the Earth along the geomagnetic field lines from the region of near-Earth outer space. The northern lights can last from several hours to several days and are striking in their extraordinary beauty.
Any lightning is electricity, which, depending on the conditions, can take various forms. Particularly amazing are ball lightning, which used to be called fireballs. The nature of the occurrence of ball lightning is still not exactly known. Sometimes they were observed even inside houses and planes. The behavior of ball lightning has also not been studied. Ball lightning can be fiery red, orange or yellow and float in the air for a few seconds until it disappears. Lightning is always accompanied by thunder and a bright flash of light and is most often observed during a thunderstorm. Each of us has repeatedly seen the usual, so-called linear lightning. But ball lightning is a rather rare phenomenon. In nature, for about a thousand ordinary, linear lightning, there are only 2-3 ball lightning.
We are all used to seeing an ordinary moon, but sometimes when the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity, or for other reasons, the moon looks painted in different colors. The blue and red moons are especially unusual. The blue moon is such a rare natural phenomenon that the English even have a saying "once upon a blue moon", which means about the same as ours "after rain on Thursday." The blue moon appears from the ashes and burning. For example, when forests burned in Canada, the moon was blue for a whole week.
"Fiery" rain (star rain) In fact, not stars fall from the sky, but meteorites, which, entering the earth's atmosphere, heat up and burn out. In this case, a flash of light occurs, which is visible at a fairly large distance from the surface of the Earth. Most often, a meteor shower of high intensity (up to a thousand meteors per hour) is called a stellar or meteor shower. A meteor shower consists of meteors that burn up in the atmosphere and do not reach the ground, and a meteor shower consists of meteorites that fall to the ground. Previously, they did not distinguish the first from the second, and both of these phenomena were called "rain of fire." Interesting fact: every year from fragments of meteorites and cosmic dust, the mass of the Earth increases by an average of 5 million tons.
Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost mystical sense of wonder. We all know the reason for the appearance of most mirages - superheated air changes its optical properties, causing light inhomogeneities called mirages. Mirage is a phenomenon long explained by science, but continues to amaze the imagination of people. The optical effect is based on a special distribution of air density along the vertical. At certain conditions this leads to the appearance of virtual images near the horizon. However, you instantly forget all these boring explanations when you yourself become a witness of a miracle that is born before your eyes.
Lenticular mammatus is a rare meteorological phenomenon. This photo was taken in Joplin, Missouri. Early in the morning, the people of Joplin could watch these crazy clouds in the sky. Clouds, called "lenticular mammatus", are quite rare. The last such occurrence was recorded in this area about 30 years ago.
St. Elmo's fires are a very beautiful and unusual natural phenomenon. The first witnesses of this phenomenon were sailors who observed the fires of St. Elmo on masts and other vertical pointed objects. These are very beautiful luminous balls that appear from a large electric field strength, for example, during a thunderstorm, snowstorm or strong storm. Sometimes it happened that the Fires of St. Elmo disabled electrical and radio devices.
If you kindle a fire in the mountains at night under low clouds, your shadow will appear on the clouds and around your head you will have a luminous halo. This phenomenon is called Gloria. Gloria is an optical phenomenon that is observed on clouds located directly in front of the observer or below him, at a point directly opposite the light source. In China, gloria is called the "light of the Buddha." A colored halo always surrounds the shadow of the observer, which was often interpreted as the degree of his enlightenment (closeness to the Buddha and other deities).
The circumhorizontal arc, which is called a fiery rainbow because of its resemblance to a flame, was created by ice, not fire. For a fiery rainbow to occur, the Sun must rise above 58 degrees above the horizon and there must be cirrus clouds in the sky. In addition, the many flat, hexagonal ice crystals that make up cirrus clouds must be arranged horizontally to refract sunlight like one giant prism. Therefore, a fiery rainbow can be seen very rarely, but such a phenomenon looks very bewitching in the sky.
At dusk, just before sunrise or just after sunset, the sky above the horizon is partly colorless and partly pinkish. This phenomenon is called the belt of Venus. The colorless band between the already darkened sky and the blue sky can be seen everywhere, even to the side opposite the Sun. The blueness of the sky is due to the reflection of sunlight in the atmosphere. The phenomenon of the belt of Venus is explained by the reflection in the atmosphere of the light of the setting (or rising) Sun, which appears reddened. The Belt of Venus is visible anywhere as long as the horizon is clear. In the picture you see the belt of Venus, photographed in the Valley of the Moon, covered in morning fog.
Source
Presentation on the topic "20 most unusual natural phenomena" in geography in powerpoint format. This presentation for schoolchildren describes unusual phenomena found in nature, such as lunar rainbows, mirages, halos, northern lights, and others. All phenomena are illustrated in the work. Presentation author: Kiseleva L. A.
Fragments from the presentation
moon rainbow
We are almost used to the usual rainbow. A lunar rainbow is much rarer than a rainbow seen in daylight. A lunar rainbow can only appear in places with high humidity and only when the moon is almost full. Pictured is a moonlit rainbow at Cumberland Falls in Kentucky.
Mirages
Despite their prevalence, mirages always evoke an almost mystical sense of wonder. We all know the reason for the appearance of most mirages - superheated air changes its optical properties, causing light inhomogeneities called mirages.
Halo
Usually halos occur at high humidity or severe frost - before the halo was considered a phenomenon from above, and people expected something unusual.
Belt of Venus
An interesting optical phenomenon that occurs when the atmosphere is dusty is an unusual "belt" between the sky and the horizon.
pearl clouds
Unusually high clouds (about 10-12 km), becoming visible at sunset.
Northern lights
Appears when high-energy elementary particles collide with the Earth's ionosphere.
colored moon
When the atmosphere is dusty, high humidity, or for other reasons, the Moon sometimes looks colored. The red moon is especially unusual.
biconvex clouds
An extremely rare phenomenon that appears mainly before a hurricane. Opened just 30 years ago. Also called Mammatus clouds.
Saint Elmo's fire
A fairly common phenomenon caused by increased electric field strength before a thunderstorm, during a thunderstorm, and immediately after. The first witnesses of this phenomenon were sailors who observed the fires of St. Elmo on masts and other vertical pointed objects.
Fire whirlwinds
often formed during fires - they can also occur over burning haystacks.
Mushroom clouds.
They also form over places with elevated temperatures - over forest fires, for example.
Light poles.
The nature of these phenomena is similar to the conditions that cause the appearance of a halo.
diamond dust
Frozen water droplets that scatter the light of the sun.
Fish, frog and other rains.
One of the hypotheses explaining the appearance of such rains is a tornado that sucks out nearby water bodies and carries their contents over long distances.
Virga.
The phenomenon that occurs when falling out ice crystals from clouds that do not reach the surface of the earth, evaporating along the way.
Bora
Hurricane winds with many names. Occur when air masses move from the upper layers to the lower ones.
Fire rainbow.
Occurs when the sun's rays pass through high clouds.
Green beam.
An extremely rare phenomenon that occurs at sunset or sunrise.
Ball lightning.
There are many hypotheses explaining the origin of these phenomena, but none has yet been proven.
Optical flares and jets
Discovered only recently due to their short existence (less than a second). Occurs when hurricanes appear.
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