Tropical summer landscape Draws a cold on the window Why does it need roses? Apparently this is Winter yearning for spring. (D. Kedrin)
Project topic: “Why do frosty patterns appear on windows in winter?”
Purpose of the study: to find out why bizarre frosty patterns often appear on windows in winter.
Objectives: study the literature and select interesting information about how frosty patterns appear on windows; find out why frost patterns come in different shapes; observe the appearance and disappearance of frosty patterns on the windows; draw conclusions and summarize the results of observations.
Hypothesis: Suppose that the shape of snow patterns can predict the weather.
How do snow patterns appear on windows?
In winter, the air near the window glass becomes very cold and some of the water vapor from it settles on the cold glass in the form of ice crystals. Then these crystals begin to branch and grow, “drawing” snow (frost) patterns on the glass.
In order for crystallization to begin, the first ice crystals need to settle on something. Let it be a speck of dust. Or a trace from a rag used to wipe the windows.
Date of observation Time of observation Air temperature What interesting things were observed 01/01/2016 10.00 -12 0 Frosty patterns formed on the veranda. 01/14/2016 9.30 -10 0 There are patterns on the window of the 3rd floor of the school. They look like a fluffy spruce branch 01/15/2016 12.00 -22 0 On the 2nd floor of the school, frosty patterns look like the feathers of strange birds. 01/16/2016 9.35 -20 0 New intricate patterns appeared on the window in the classroom. 01/21/2016 7.40 -17 0 In the classroom, I looked at a pattern that looked like a bird. 01/28/2016 7.45 -7 0 Some patterns on the window of the 3rd floor of the school have disappeared. Frost Pattern Observation Chart
Do frosty patterns appear on all windows?
Patterns do not appear on the window if the window is open. Frosty patterns cannot appear on a double-glazed window Previously, when the stove was stopped in the evening, the glass temperature dropped below 2 degrees. Droplets of water froze on it.
What types of frosty patterns are there?
Dendrites (tree-like formations). Dendrides are formed if the air humidity is increased, and the cooling of the glass began at a positive temperature and continued with a further decrease in temperature.
Dendrites on the mirror of our car
Trichites (fibrous forms). Trichitis occurs on glass precisely when there are many scratches, nicks and specks of dust.
Trichitis on the window in my dad's car.
Frosty patterns on the car
When do marvelous pictures of ice crystals form?
When there is a sudden cold snap, the temperature of the windows becomes lower than the air temperature in the room. Warm water vapor in the humid air in the room settles on them. A thin, almost invisible layer of water appears on the glass.
Folk signs: if the branches of the patterns were directed downward, the weather will be snowy and cloudy; if up - clear and sunny. straight patterns foreshadow even greater cold, oblique ones - thaws, and more intricate patterns - snowfall.
Analysis of observations and conclusions The goal that I set for myself has been achieved. I found out why bizarre ice patterns often appear on windows in winter. I did the following conclusions: Frosty patterns on glass are large ice crystals growing from water vapor at the boundary of heat and cold; The type of pattern on the surface of the glass depends on the temperature inside and outside the room, the humidity in the room, the thickness of the glass and the contamination of its surface.
Analysis of observations and conclusions With high-quality glass sealing, patterns do not appear on the glass, because no temperature difference. Frosty patterns do not form on modern windows (double glazed windows). My observations support the hypothesis that the shape of snow patterns can predict the weather.
Vologda lace
Literature and Internet sources Likum A., Shalaeva G.P., Encyclopedia "Everything about Everything" Publisher: Klyuch-S, Slovo, 1994-2001. Sergeev I.S., How to organize project activities students, M., "Arkti", 2006. http://seasons-goda.rf/frost%20patterns.html http://ru.wikipedia.org http://www.booksite.ru/ http://vologda-portal.ru/
Thank you for your attention!
The symbol of winter in past centuries was not only severe frosts and snowdrifts, but also ice patterns on windows, which, according to ancient belief, are drawn by Santa Claus himself. Ice crystals form unique pictures on the glass, in which you can see the forest thicket, unusual animals, fabulous trees and flowers, the sea, and stars. In order for ice gardens to bloom on the windows, it is necessary that the air in the room be humid and the temperature outside the window be below zero.
Why do frosty patterns appear on the window?
Everyone remembers the parable that Santa Claus draws frosty patterns on the window. He imperceptibly sneaks up to the window at night and draws unique frosty pictures on it with a thin ice brush. In fact, everything is much more prosaic. If there is humid air in the room, and the temperature outside is from zero degrees Celsius and below, then excess moisture condenses on the cold surface of the window glass. Here, the water vapor cools and passes from a vaporous state to a solid state, forming thin crystals.
Anything that looks perfect has microscopic nicks and scratches. The moisture that settles on the surface of the glass crystallizes first of all on these smallest defects, and only then new and new ones cling to the first crystals, forming patterns. Sometimes, for the appearance of icy patterns, all it takes is dust particles that litter the surface of the glass, or stains that remain after washing the windows. Drafts and air currents. According to the method of formation, frost patterns are divided into two types: dendrites - branchy patterns that resemble trees, and trichites, which are more like stars.
Why are there no patterns on plastic windows?
Patterns on windows in frosty winter appear when water vapor from the air condenses on the surface of cold glass and then crystallizes, forming ice. In other words, the glass and the layer of adjacent air must be cold enough. U plastic windows The thermal insulation properties are better than those of wooden windows, so the temperature of the glass on the inside is higher. Consequently, condensation and crystallization proceed worse. Simply put, old wooden windows “breathe” and the cold enters the apartments, and patterns are formed from the temperature difference.
Old wooden windows are double frames with single panes of glass inserted into them without double-glazed windows. The frames are not sealed, between them (and therefore between the glasses) there is ordinary room air, and on the cold glass the processes of moisture condensation and crystallization take place. And in PVC windows they use two or three glasses, hermetically sealed. Between the glass panes of the double-glazed window is not humid room air, but dry, free of dust and moisture, or inert gas. So it turns out that there is nothing to condense on the coldest outer glass - there is no moisture in the glass unit chamber, and patterns do not form on the inner glass, since it is too warm.
There is another reason: old wooden windows are usually “dirtier” than PVC windows, that is, there is more dust on the surface of such glass, and water crystallizes on the dust particles.
If ice patterns appear on PVC windows, this means that the windows are not installed quite correctly, are not sealed enough with a special rubber band, the double-glazed window is not airtight... Contact
On frosty days, stunning ice patterns appear on the windows in the form of unusual stars, bizarre curls, fabulous trees and flowers. In order for ice gardens to bloom on the windows, it is necessary that the air in the room is humid, and the temperature outside the window is below zero.
Why do frosty patterns appear on the window?
Everyone remembers the parable that Santa Claus draws frosty patterns on the window. He imperceptibly sneaks up to the window at night and draws unique frosty pictures on it with a thin ice brush. In fact, everything is much more prosaic. If there is humid air in the room, and the temperature outside is from zero degrees Celsius and below, then excess moisture condenses on the cold surface of the glass. Here, the water vapor cools and passes from a vaporous state to a solid state, forming thin crystals.How ice crystals form
Any glass that looks perfect has microscopic nicks and scratches. The moisture that settles on the surface of the glass crystallizes first of all on these smallest defects, and only then new and new ones cling to the first crystals, forming patterns. Sometimes, for the appearance of ice patterns, there are enough dust particles with which the surface of the glass is dotted, or streaks that remain after washing the windows. Drafts and air currents also contribute to the appearance of patterns. According to the method of formation, frost patterns are divided into two types: dendrites - branching patterns that resemble trees, and trichites, which are more like stars.Tree-like dendrites
Dendrites form at the bottom of the glass, where the water layer is thicker. Wide trunks of frosty patterns appear here, on which thinner branches gradually grow. The dendrites at the bottom of the glass are wide and thick, while those at the top are narrower and thinner. This frosty pattern resembles the thicket of an impenetrable fairytale forest.Trichite star patterns
If there are a lot of notches, dust particles and scratches on the glass, then trichites appear on it - frosty patterns that look like stars. First, the epicenter of the pattern freezes - a speck of dust or a notch, and then other crystals join it, like rays. As a result, frosty patterns look like a cluster of snowflakes or. When the temperature outside the window drops, trichites form dense ice fibers.When patterns don't appear on windows
If the air humidity in the room is low and the window has good thermal insulation, then condensation does not form on the glass and frosty patterns do not appear. That is why ice paintings, so familiar to residents of houses with old wooden windows, do not spoil residents of apartments with high-quality plastic windows.I'm sure he has more important things to do! So, the romantic dreamers retire to , and I’ll tell the cold-blooded know-it-alls where the chanterelles on the windows come from... And I’ll also tell you the secret of how to make them yourself!
Who paints windows silver in winter?
What charms does winter not have! The patterns on the windows are perhaps one of the most impressive. However, frosty pictures on glass are practically the same as frost on grass and trees. In any case, the principle of their formation is the same.
Air, depending on its temperature, can contain a certain amount of water in the form of water vapor. The absorption of water by air decreases with decreasing temperature.
In other words, when it gets cold, the humidity in the air decreases. Therefore, the excess steam contained in it settles on cold surfaces, that is, condenses.
“But then droplets of water will form or dew will fall,” you can rightly remark and you will be absolutely right.
At above-zero temperatures, yes! Frost or silver patterns on glass only appear when humid air cools to a temperature of 0 °C or below.
It was then that water vapor, as if by magic, transforms from a gaseous state directly into a solid, bypassing the liquid state and turning into small ice crystals. This process is called desublimation.
Explaining this phenomenon to You, I remembered an interesting winter riddle. Apparently, its author would be good at physics. Can you guess?
- Drop! Chill, cool, grow.
Build ice bridges overnight.
Where do patterns of bizarre shapes come from?
How winter flowers are formed on the windows, figured out. Feel free to praise yourself! But how do ordinary ice crystals manage to create such bizarre patterns?
Blame it all - scratches and uneven glass surfaces. It is on them that the crystals first settle: next to each other, on top of several floors or on the sides - as necessary. This is how ordinary ice turns into filigree patterns. They give them strangeness and dust, settled on the glass, and various air currents(drafts, wind). That is why each pattern is so unusual and unique.
It is also interesting that different sub-zero temperatures have different effects on the formation of crystals. If the thermometer shows just below 0 °C, the ice crystals have the shape of a hexagonal prism. In mild frosts (up to ─15 °C) they look like rectangular plates. If it gets cold outside, the crystalline ice will resemble needles with blunt ends.
What types of frost patterns are there?
The variety of frosty chanterelles is amazing, but most often the glass of our windows shines with tree-like structures - dendrites or fibrous formations - trihitams.
If the glass begins to cool even at above-zero temperatures and high air humidity, then the water film formed on it will crystallize in the form of dendrites. It is not surprising that the most beautiful and fluffy patterns appear at the bottom of the window, because a lot of water traditionally accumulates there.
Trichites are formed in places where glass is scratched and rough. Initially, various (often parallel) crystalline stripes appear, and with subsequent cooling, many curved fibers begin to move away from the main stripes. Due to the decrease in temperature, trichites turn into dense ice fibers.
Making frost at home
Turn the kitchen into a home frost factory? Easily!
You will need:
- rock salt,
- large tin can,
- crushed piece of ice.
It's simple! Place two cups of crushed ice in a jar. Place a glass of salt on top. Again, add two glasses of crushed ice and a glass of salt. Now wait. In a short time, tiny droplets of water in the air will cover the outer walls of the jar, turning into a lace of ice crystals. And then the whole vessel will put on a thin coat of hoarfrost. Fantastic!
How to get rid of frosty drawings on windows?
If you want to get rid of annoying frosty patterns, I will understand you perfectly. Perhaps everyone is familiar with the situation: you are traveling in a minibus, and instead of the required stop there are only silver carpets in the windows. Inconvenient! In this case, the glass is treated with special chemical solutions. And in rooms - they enhance thermal insulation and place it near a container with salt.
To keep your windows from being shaded by frosty drawings, follow these simple rules:
- regularly ventilate the house;
- do not clutter the window sill with unnecessary items;
- remember about high-quality and regular heating (warm air can hold more moisture);
- Before frost, wipe the glass windows with an aqueous solution of ammonia (it’s best to trust your mother to do this).
With the arrival of winter, we often see magical patterns forming on our windows, which sometimes create landscapes of extraordinary beauty. Even in childhood, we were told that these amazing pictures are painted at night, with his magic brush, by none other than Santa Claus. And, despite the fact that this is a fairy tale, it makes your soul light and warm.
What are frosty patterns? Frost patterns are a collection of tiny ice crystals. Scientists have found that the types of lace painting on windows are very diverse - their number reaches several million. A variety of pictures can be depicted on the windows: flowers, trees, leaves, animals, people, birds, etc. This is such delicate work that even the jewelers themselves would be jealous.
Today, there is not a single person who would not contemplate this magnificent and mysterious phenomenon. But few people asked the question: how and why does this happen?
In reality, these unusually magical frosty patterns on glass arise from the condensation of water vapor. As you know, at sub-zero temperatures, water begins to crystallize, which is what happens on the windows.
The main reason for the appearance of ice crystals is very high humidity and cooling of glass for a long time.
As mentioned above, there are a very large number of varieties of ice patterns, but most often you can find patterns of tree-like forms (dendrites) and fibrous forms (trichites). However, all types of winter landscapes appear on our windows due to different conditions of formation, state and cooling of water vapor.
It has been recorded that at temperatures ranging from zero to minus 6 degrees inclusive, lace patterns appear on the glass in the form of a uniform layer of loose ice. The first ice crystals form in the smallest chips and cracks, after which they gradually begin to grow over the entire surface, creating fantastic patterns on the windows.
Scientists have found that dendrites appear on glass under conditions of very high humidity and sufficiently warm room temperature. Initially, a thin film of water appears on the windows and only then crystallization occurs, because in the lower part of the window there is a larger layer of water. This is where amazing frosty paintings are created. But when there is a lack of moisture, miniature dendrites appear on the windows. Along the sharp edges of glass, where cracks or chips often form, trichites usually form.
Although the magnificent frosty patterns on the windows reduce the transmission of sunlight from our glass, they are still extremely fantastic. If someone does not like such masterpieces, then this can be easily prevented. To do this, you just need to place a container of salt on the windowsill and then the patterns will not appear. With the advent of metal-plastic windows, it became very difficult to see such beauty, because along with this came the appearance of energy-saving glass, whose degree of thermal insulation is much higher than that of ordinary glass.
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