Good afternoon

Based on current practice, I can clarify the following regarding your question.

In connection with the appeal of citizens, based on the order of the Territorial Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Rostov Region (Rospotrebnadzor), unscheduled measures may be taken against you to monitor compliance with legislation in the field of consumer rights protection and human well-being and a corresponding act has been drawn up.

As a result of these activities, based on the specifics of your type of activity, the following violations of sanitary legislation may be established: production control is not fully organized: there are no laboratory test protocols, there is no control program, the production control program does not contain a list of work and services performed, the number of points at which it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests and the frequency of monitoring of harmful substances in the air of the working area, it contains a list of officials who are entrusted with the functions of carrying out production control, while the sound levels from the operation of engineering and ventilation equipment exceed the maximum permissible levels , as well as a number of other sanitary and hygienic requirements, which is a violation of Articles 23, 24 and 32 of the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 N 52-FZ "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population", paragraph 2.8 SP 2.2.2.1327-03 "Hygienic requirements for the organization technical processes", SP 1.1.1058-01 "Organization and conduct of production control".

Based on these violations, the sanitary doctor may issue an order in order to eliminate the identified violations, organize production control in accordance with the requirements of SP 1.1.1058-01; carry out measures aimed at reducing noise levels arising during the organization of the technological process, in accordance with paragraphs 2.8 and 7.27 of SP 2.2.2.1327-03, submit a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on establishing the final dimensions of the sanitary protection zone in accordance with paragraphs 2.2 and 4.3. SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1200-03.

If you fail to comply with these instructions, you may be subject to subsequent administrative liability, as an official, with the imposition of a correspondingly higher fine.

Therefore, I advise you to contact Rosprotrebnadzor yourself so that they can indicate to you what documents you should have on production control, sanitary-epidemiological. conclusions confirming that you have no violations. At the same time, when agreeing with Rospotrebnadzor on all issues regarding the legality of the operating conditions of the tire service, you can indicate that the activity has actually been suspended and you intend to resume it when all working conditions are created that comply with the relevant standards. Wish you luck!

State educational institution of secondary vocational education

Novosibirsk Radio Engineering College

in the discipline "Car Maintenance"

Topic: “Organizing the work of a tire service station”

Completed by: Kosoruchenko V.V.

Checked by Marichev L.S.

Introduction

A tire service station is present in almost every car service station (service station). Tire fitting equipment for wheel maintenance is installed here. A service station requires at least two stands: a tire fitting and balancing stand, as well as stands for straightening cast and steel wheels, a compressor, pneumatic tools, electric vulcanizers, disk and wheel washers, a pair of jacks or a pneumatic lift with low vehicle lift.

Truck tire fitting equipment for commercial vehicles is designed to service heavy vehicles, tractors, buses, and agricultural machinery. Tire changers are equipped with a powerful drive, one or two mounting heads and high-strength bead tearing discs. The wheel is fixed with clamps of various designs in the vertical plane. Balancing machines for wheels weighing up to 200 kg are designed for balancing wheels of cars, trucks, and commercial vehicles. To facilitate work, the machines are equipped with built-in devices for raising and lowering the wheel.

Tire fitting equipment is characterized by a quick payback - due to the fact that car owners need regular maintenance, a full set of equipment can pay for itself in just one season of “re-shoeing”. Moreover, a well-equipped tire service station will work not only in the “season”, but also at any time of the year (tire equipment includes equipment for repairing tubes and tires, as well as equipment for straightening wheels).

The main purpose of this essay is to study and characterize the organization of work at a tire service station.

1. Tire shop equipment

1.1. Tire changer

There are automatic and semi-automatic. In semi-automatic machines, lowering the tire foot is done manually by pressing the shaft from above. Fixation is carried out by a mechanical device. Only the table rotates automatically by pressing the pedal, which is why such machines are called semi-automatic.

In automatic machines, lowering the foot and rotating the table is pneumatically driven, which is why they are called automatic. An automatic machine requires less physical effort from the operator, which increases labor productivity and processing speed of one wheel. Therefore, in an area where a large flow of cars is expected, it is better to purchase an automatic machine.

Rice. 1. Semiautomatic tire changer FLYING BL513

In Fig. 1 shows the semi-automatic tire changer FLYING BL513. This is an excellent semi-automatic machine for assembling/disassembling wheels of cars and light trucks. A tire dismounting stand with a rotating arm, the lateral movement of which allows you to easily and accurately install the beading head. It is equipped with a special mechanical stopper, which removes the head from the rim flange vertically; horizontal removal is achieved by turning the side flywheel. The kit includes a mount, a lubricator, a pumping gun with a pressure gauge.

Rice. 2. Domestic tire changing machine KS302A

Not long ago, the domestic tire changing machine KS302A was released (Fig. 2). In addition to a set of standard functions (mounting and dismantling wheel tires, balancing, etc.), it became possible to quickly inflate and inflate passenger car wheels. The main feature was the function of inflation to a set level and control of air leakage from the tire. Using the Motorola digital indicator, the operator or mechanic can set a specific tire pressure, from 0.5 to 4.5 bar, and the machine will do everything itself. The error in calculating the required pressure is no more than 0.05 bar. The time it takes to inflate a tire depends on its size, required pressure and compressor, but does not exceed two minutes. It has also become possible to support the work of two craftsmen, which in turn increases the speed of work by exactly 2 times. The obvious advantage is an increase in customer traffic and, accordingly, an increase in income for a specific period of time.

1.2. Balancing machine

There are many types of balancing machines, from the simplest (manual drive, hand brake, manual input of parameters, etc.) to balancing and diagnostic stands, where all processes (entering parameters, stopping the wheel at the place where the load is installed, diagnosing tread wear, etc.) .d.) occur automatically.

The most common requirements for balancing machines are: the ability to balance both steel and cast disks, balancing accuracy no more than 1g. Machines that meet these requirements can be classified as middle class, the share of sales of which is about 80%. Machines of this class can be divided into automatic machines (with automatic input of parameters) and semi-automatic machines (with manual input of parameters).

By analogy with tire changing machines, an automatic stand requires less physical effort from the operator, which increases labor productivity and the processing speed of one wheel; therefore, when choosing a machine, the approximate flow of cars should be taken into account.

Rice. 3. Balancing stand LS 42

In Fig. 3 shows the 5th generation balancing stand LS-42 (disc 9"...22") (made in Russia). The 5th generation balancing machine LS 42 is built on the latest element base and has the most modern set of functions and service programs for accurate and fast balancing of wheels with any type of rim: AUTOMATIC INPUT of two geometric wheel parameters; FACE PANEL WITH MEMBRANE KEYPAD forms a convenient and durable interface with additional indication of the diameter and width of the wheel being balanced.

Other advantages of this equipment include: control of various modes and activation of the required functions is carried out with one button; AUTOMATIC ACCURATE DRIVING of the wheel to the position of installation of correction weights; ALU-P MODE for precise measurement of the geometry of correction planes of light-alloy rims; AUTOMATIC INSTALLATION OF SELF-ADHESIVE WEIGHTS using the retractable rod handle. In this case, the distance to the specified correction planes is automatically controlled, and the wheel is automatically rotated taking into account the installation diameter of the correction weights; HIDDEN INSTALLATION OF SELF-ADHESIVE WEIGHTS behind the spokes of light alloy rims, Split program; OPTIMIZATION PROGRAM for the width position on the rim, Opt program; PROGRAM FOR MINIMIZING residual static unbalance; SECOND OPERATOR PROGRAM for simultaneous maintenance of two cars with different wheel sizes, and the transition from one type of wheel to another is carried out by pressing one button; BALANCED WHEELS COUNTER - You will always know the number of balanced wheels; PARKING ELECTROMAGNETIC BRAKE for fixing the wheel in any position at the operator's request; SPEECH SYNTHESIS - option;

The set of functions and service programs of the LS 42 balancing machines corresponds to the best examples of domestic and imported analogues, and even surpasses them in terms of control efficiency and ease of use.

Additional convenience is created by the presence of an electromagnetic parking brake, which is not available in analogues.

Speaking about balancing machines, it is worth noting that over the past year or two, the quality of Russian balancing has increased significantly. Balancing stands from Russian manufacturers have proven themselves at the highest level.

1.3. Optional equipment

Rolling jack. The most convenient for this type of work. The jack is equipped with a long removable handle, which reduces the driving force and makes it possible to operate the jack while standing. Also, some jacks have a quick lift pedal, i.e. When you press the pedal, the jack immediately rises to the height of the bottom of the car, which significantly saves the time and effort of the mechanic. The lifting capacity of such jacks must be at least 3 tons.

Vulcanizer. Designed for vulcanization of local damage to tubed and tubeless tires of cars and trucks (including side cuts), vulcanization of tubes and other types of repair work related to rubber vulcanization. The principle of operation is similar to the principle of the press, i.e. The tube (tire) with the patch is clamped on both sides to tightly glue the patch to the tube (tire). In addition, heating elements are built into the surfaces between which the tube (tire) is clamped, which is necessary when repairing by hot vulcanization (soldering).

Compressor. The most used compressors at tire shops are piston compressors with a pressure of at least 10 bar, because The operating pressure of the tire changer is 8-10 bar. Based on the volume of the receiver (storage), we can say the following: if you plan to use it only for 1 tire changer, then a volume of 50 liters will be enough. If you connect additional equipment to the compressor (wrench, drill, blow gun, etc.), then the volume must be at least 100 liters.

Pneumatic impact wrench. The necessary functions here are strike, reverse. You also need to know that the air used for pneumatic tools requires preparation. That is, a preparation unit is installed in the pneumatic line between the compressor and the tool, which consists of a filter-drier (to remove moisture) and a lubricator (to dosedly add oil to the air to lubricate the internal parts of the pneumatic tool). Of course, you can work without installing this unit, but such a tool, firstly, is removed from the warranty, and secondly, no one guarantees the long-term use of this tool.

Tire service bath. Designed for checking tubes and tubeless tires for leaks, searching for punctures and cuts. Not required equipment.

Manual tire repair tool. To repair tires, you will also need some hand tools, such as an insertion awl for harnesses, a spiral awl with a file, a device for inserting valves, a roller for rolling patches, a scraper, a knife for removing self-adhesive weights, etc. Of course, you can do without this tool, but working with it is much more convenient.

Consumables for tire repair and balancing. Here you will need to remember to purchase materials such as balancing weights, patches, mushrooms, raw rubber, valves, nipples, harnesses, patches, glue, tire paste, talc, cleaner, etc.

2. Approximate layout of the tire service area

Rice. 4. Layout of the tire shop

1. Tire stand with third-hand manipulator

2. Balancing stand with pneumatic lift

3. Tire lift

4. Bath for checking wheels and tubes

5. Workplace with a slipway for rubber repair

6. Portable tire inflation tank

7. Vulcanizer with manipulator and local ventilation

8. Tool trolley

9. Wheel washing

10. Torque wrench

11. Rolling jack

12. Rings for inflating tubeless tires

13. Cabinet for storing consumables

14. Impact wrench and pneumatic special tools

15. Tread cutter

16. Abrasives

17. Tire repair materials

The equipment and layout of this area in the recommended manner allows for high-quality installation and dismantling of all types of wheels of cars, jeeps and small trucks with a disk diameter of 11 "-20", as well as repairing all types of damage to tube and tubeless tires, including damage to the tread and shoulder and sidewall, with the extent of damage not exceeding the maximum permissible.

3. Work process at the tire shop

The tire repair area is designed for dismantling and mounting wheels and tires, replacing tires, TP tubes and wheel rims, as well as balancing wheel assemblies. In this case, washing and drying of wheels before dismantling them, if necessary, is carried out here or in the UMR area, where there is a hose washing installation.

The technological process at the tire fitting site is carried out in the order shown in Figure 5.

Rice. 5. Scheme of the technological process at the tire workshop

Wheels removed from the vehicle at the post are transported to the tire workshop using a special cart. Before repair work begins, the wheels are temporarily stored on a rack. Tire dismantling is carried out on a special dismantling and mounting stand in the sequence specified in the technological map. After dismantling, the tire and wheel rim are stored on a rack, and the tube on a hanger.

The technical condition of tires is controlled by a thorough inspection from the outside and inside using a manual pneumatic bead expander (spreader).

Foreign objects stuck in the tread and sidewalls of tires are removed using pliers and a blunt awl. Foreign metal objects in the tire can be detected during the diagnostic process using a special device. When checking the technical condition of the cameras, punctures, breakdowns, ruptures, dents and other defects are identified. The tightness of the chambers is checked in a bath filled with water and equipped with a compressed air supply system.

A control inspection of the disks is carried out to identify cracks, corrosion deformations and other defects. It is mandatory to check the condition of the holes for the wheel studs. The rims are cleaned of rust using a special electrically driven machine. Minor rim defects, such as bent or burrs, are eliminated on a special stand and using metalworking tools.

Studring is carried out on a special stand; if the tire does not have formed holes for studs, they are drilled on a pneumatic drilling machine, which provides the necessary high rotation speed of the drill.

Technically serviceable tires, tubes and wheels are mounted and dismantled on the same stand. The air pressure in the tires must comply with the standards recommended by the manufacturer. The tire fitting area is equipped with a standard pressure gauge, against which the working pressure gauges are periodically checked. After mounting the tires, be sure to balance the wheel assembly on a special stand.

The tire fitting department is provided with the necessary technical documentation, including technological maps for performing main types of work, and relevant technological equipment.

4. Organization of labor in the tire shop

Labor organization should be understood as a system of organizational and technical measures aimed at improving the method and working conditions based on the latest achievements of culture, technology and science, ensuring increased labor productivity.

The main task of labor organization is to increase overall labor productivity at all levels of production by:

1) application of a more rational organization of labor based on the study of production operations, non-productive time losses, and the use of more advanced means of production (equipment);

2) introduction of such labor standards that ensure the development of labor relations of each team

3) the use of material and moral incentives and their combinations.

The combination of labor organization during daily vehicle maintenance manifests itself in downtime, labor costs for their implementation in the cost of a unit of production. Therefore, the starting point when introducing labor organization is to study the use of working time when performing a particular process. The object of study is also data from operational and statistical reporting. The obtained results of observation of the study of the use of working time make it possible to identify reserves of working time at workplaces and in production departments of the motor vehicle fleet.

The obtained results of studying the use of working time make it possible to most expediently and effectively carry out work in the main areas of labor organization and improve production in the direction of more intensive use of means of production. Along with this, it is necessary to study the methods and techniques of performing work at each workplace from each operation.

In order to study the operation in more detail, it is broken down into its simplest elements and movements. An important element in studying an operation and designing a new method is studying the work station when performing this work. Labor organization provides for the organization and provision of jobs in the labor process.

The main task when planning a workplace is the rational placement of equipment, devices, tools, and avoiding loss of time. The use of mechanization and automation means in combination with the organization of labor and the economic efficiency of the means used is of great importance in the intensification of labor.

The basis of the organization of processes is the division of labor and its cooperation. The division of labor determines the specialization of workers, which is the most important factor in increasing labor productivity. Cooperation is a form of organization of the labor process when, as a result of the division of labor, individual operations performed by certain workers require mutual coordination in the entire production process.

Working conditions are assessed based on temperature, air speed and lighting in production areas. Scientifically based painting of equipment and premises helps to increase labor productivity by up to 20%, reduce injuries by 35 ... 40% and reduce production defects by half.

An integral part of labor organization are issues of technical regulation, material incentives, encouragement of labor activity and creative initiative of enterprise employees.

5. Safety precautions

During tire fitting work, accidents occur mainly due to the breakdown of the retaining ring or mounting blades, or the rupture of tires. Hazards also arise when carrying truck and bus tires, using electrically powered equipment and pressure equipment.

Tire fitting and dismantling work is carried out at the tire workshop using special equipment, fixtures and tools. When removing the tire from the wheel rim, the air from the inner tube must be completely released. Tires that fit tightly to the wheel rim are demonstrated on special stands or using special devices. It is forbidden to use sledgehammers when dismantling and mounting tires.

Before installation, inspect the tire, remove small stones, metal and other objects from the tread, check the condition of the tire beads, the locking ring and the recess for it on the wheel rim, the condition of the wheel disk. The tire beads should not have cuts, tears or other damage, the rim should not have cracks, dents, burrs, rust. The locking ring must fit securely into the rim recess with its entire inner surface.

In stationary conditions, tires removed from a vehicle are inflated and inflated in places equipped with protective guards that prevent the lock ring from flying out. You can inflate a tire without dismantling it if the air pressure has decreased by at least 40% of normal and the correct installation has not been compromised.

All operations for dismounting and moving wheels and tires of vehicles weighing more than 20 kg must be carried out using mechanized means (carts, lifts, etc.).

Due to the high danger of vulcanization work, persons at least 18 years of age who have passed a preliminary medical examination and special course training, passed exams and received a certificate for the right to perform this work are allowed to perform it.

All workplaces must be kept clean and not cluttered with parts, equipment, tools, fixtures, and materials. Impact tools (chisels, bits, etc.) must have a smooth back part without cracks, burrs, hardening or chips. To prevent hand injuries, the length of the tool should not be less than 150 mm.

When working with power tools, electrical safety precautions should be observed. The resistance of all current-carrying paths is checked once a year with a megaohmmeter.

Wooden tool handles (hammers, screwdrivers, sledgehammers) must always be dry, free of burrs and have a comfortable shape.

When inflating truck tires, be sure to use a safety cage.

It is prohibited to mount wheels on a tire stand whose size exceeds the maximum size specified by the manufacturer.

The tire shop premises belong to category D in terms of fire hazard - a room in which non-flammable substances and materials in a cold state are located or communicate. In accordance with current legislation, responsibility for ensuring fire safety at ATPs lies with their managers. Signs indicating persons responsible for fire safety are posted in prominent places. The responsibilities of these persons include: knowledge of the fire hazard of substances and materials used in production, the production process; training workers in fire safety rules; monitoring compliance with fire safety rules in the areas entrusted to them; maintaining all available fire extinguishing equipment and fire notifications in constant readiness; elimination of violations of fire safety rules and malfunctions of fire equipment; development of instructions on fire safety measures for their departments. They must: prevent obstruction of fire entrances to buildings and structures, water sources, approaches to fire equipment, passages in buildings, corridors and staircases; do not allow work to be carried out using open flames, including carefully inspecting the premises before closing to prevent fire conditions.

For the fire department, ATPs create voluntary fire brigades (VFD). The DPD is entrusted with: monitoring compliance with the fire safety regime of the ATP and its production areas, warehouses and other facilities; educational work among workers and employees in order to comply with fire safety regulations; supervision over the good condition of primary fire extinguishing equipment and their readiness for action; calling fire brigades in the event of a fire and taking immediate measures to extinguish the fire using available fire extinguishing means; participation, if necessary, in combat crews working on fire trucks, motor pumps and other mobile and stationary fire extinguishing equipment, as well as in exceptional cases of duty.

The numerical composition of the DPD is determined by the head of the ATP. The DPD is staffed by employees of the enterprise who are at least 18 years old in such a way that there are members of the squad in each workshop and shift.

Fire-technical commissions play an important role in carrying out fire prevention measures at ATPs. The commissions include: chief engineer, fire chief, chief mechanic, labor protection engineer and other persons at the discretion of the head of the enterprise.

The tasks of the fire-technical commission include: identifying fire-hazardous violations and shortcomings in the technical processes of car repair, in the operation of units, installations, production areas, warehouses, which can lead to a fire, explosion or accident, and the development of measures aimed at eliminating these violations and shortcomings; assistance to the fire protection department (FPD) of the enterprise in organizing and carrying out fire prevention work and eliminating the strict fire safety regime in production premises.

All engineering and technical workers, employees and workers of the ATP, when hired, are required to undergo primary fire safety training, and then directly at the workplace - secondary fire safety training. The initial briefing is carried out by the fire chief, and where they are not present, by a special person from the engineering and technical staff, appointed by order on the fire safety department. Repeated training is carried out quarterly. The person responsible for fire safety keeps a log of fire extinguishing means listing and indicating the dates of their testing and regular inspections.

To notify about a fire at the ATP, an electric fire alarm and telephone communication are used. To localize and eliminate small fires and fires at the initial stage of their development, ATPs use primary fire extinguishing means, which primarily include portable and mobile fire extinguishers, sand boxes, felt mats, asbestos blankets, and water tanks.

Electrical fire alarms are classified into automatic and non-automatic ones. Automatic communication is more advanced, as it allows you to automatically detect a fire and report it to the nearest fire department. It uses automatic detectors, which are divided into thermal, flame (light), ultrasonic and combined.

You can stop burning by physical and chemical means. Physical methods include cooling flammable substances, isolating substances from the combustion zone, diluting reacting substances with non-flammable and non-flammable substances. The chemical method involves inhibiting the combustion reaction due to a decrease in the concentration of active substances in the reaction zone.

To localize and eliminate small fires and ignitions in their initial stages, primary fire extinguishing means are used, which include portable and mobile fire extinguishers (GOST 122047-86), sand boxes, water tanks and other fire extinguishing means.

Conclusion

So, let's formulate conclusions. Tire and wheel repair centers were one of the first among specialized car service enterprises in the early 90s. Their number and capacity quickly reached the required levels to fully satisfy demand. First of all, they appeared next to gas stations and at paid parking lots, and later - as independent enterprises. The unexpectedly rapid development of such enterprises may be explained by the following:

The need for great physical effort when dismantling and installing wheels;

The increasing use of safe tubeless tires, which require special care and care during their dismantling and installation;

The complexity of technology and equipment for wheel balancing (impossible to do on your own);

A layer of wealthy car owners has emerged who can afford not to engage in heavy physical labor.

One of the most popular types of service for cars is tire fitting. Tire fitting work includes a fairly wide range of services (balancing, wheel straightening, vulcanization, wheel washing, tire fitting work, etc.) and therefore require various equipment and tools. Moreover, car service equipment is quite expensive and, without proper installation and calibration, may simply not perform its functions.

The basis of the tire workshop are tire mounting and balancing machines. The choice of tire changing machine depends on the planned load of the site, as well as on what cars are planned to be serviced. Based on these data, a machine with an optimal grip radius is selected and, if necessary, supplemented with a “third arm” and an explosive pumping kit.

The work of a tire service, of course, is not limited to seasonal tire changes. Rubber is a reliable material, but, like everything in this world, it is not eternal and has its own service life. In addition to replacing “aged” tires, wheel balancing services are provided at tire fitting stations. In some cases - and to correct them. For a more functional tire service, you need a wheel wash, disc stands for aluminum and steel wheels, scissor lifts and other tire service equipment. This equipment, on the one hand, is expensive, but on the other hand, it allows you to expand the range of services for customers. High-quality and reliable car service equipment is the secret of fast customer service, after which he will definitely be satisfied.

The layout of a tire repair site is a plan for the arrangement of technological equipment, service and repair stations (if vehicles are allowed to enter the site), and lifting and transport equipment. Planning solutions for production areas are developed after the layout of the production building and determination of the size of the areas.

The arrangement of equipment in areas must comply with the technological process of the corresponding area, safety requirements and scientific organization of work. The dimensions, configuration and location of zones and sections must correspond to those adopted in the layout of the production building. The equipment must be positioned so that the worker’s movements when performing work in accordance with the technological process are minimal. When arranging equipment, it must be taken into account that for ease of installation and maintenance of stationary equipment installed on foundations, access to it must be provided from all sides. In addition, it is necessary to provide conditions for safe operation of the equipment.

Bibliography

1) Diagnostics and maintenance of machines / A.D. Ananyin, V.M. Mikhlin, I.I. Gabitov et al. - M.: Prospekt, 2008. - 440 p., ill.

2) Dubrovsky D.A. Opening a car service: where to start, how to succeed. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2011. – 256 p.

3) Auto mechanic workshop on car repair. – M.: Prospekt, 2010. – 704 p.

4) Rybin N.N. Cars and automotive industry. – Kurgan: KSU, 1997. - 102 p.

5) Handbook for diagnosing car faults. – M.: Technician. 2011. – 693 p.

6) Auto mechanic's handbook. – M.: Tekhnar, 2010. – 352 p.

7) Fastovtsev G.F. Auto maintenance. – M.: Mashinostroenie, 1985. – 270 p.

Video on the topic

Sources:

• what do you need to open a tire shop?

Every year the number of cars on the country's roads increases at lightning speed. It is becoming the norm to have not one, but two or more cars in a family. Therefore, organizing a tire service can most likely become a stable and profitable business. However, when drawing up a business plan, you should take into account the seasonality of demand, since the bulk of orders for tire fitting work are received in late autumn and early spring.

Instructions

Register your business as a sole proprietorship or limited liability company. This type of activity is not subject to licensing or. Consider the pricing policy and range of services that your company will provide.

The choice of location has commercial implications. It is advisable to locate a tire service near a large garage complex, gas station or near a busy roadway. You should also consider the presence of competitors in the selected area. Close proximity will not benefit either of you. In addition, you need to provide convenient access and space for. The required area of ​​the premises is on average 40-50 square meters and, as a rule, is rented from the owner.

You will need a set of equipment that should meet the needs not only directly, but also additional services, such as balancing and inflating wheels. The equipment includes a tire changing machine, a balancing stand, a compressor, a vulcanizer, as well as working tools and consumables. Now on the market you can find many offers for complex equipment, including semi-automatic and automatic options. You can purchase tires from official manufacturers and dealers.

Personnel are usually recruited by advertisement, through vocational schools that train car mechanics, or through specialized courses. To organize the smooth operation of a small tire workshop, 2-4 people are enough. It is important to provide a decent quality of service. Employees must have a neat appearance, clean uniform and be able to communicate with customers.

Order a sign indicating “Tire service” or “Tire repair shop” of the appropriate size and color so that it stands out from the surrounding objects and is visible to motorists moving in both directions of the road. It is also worth printing leaflets with information about the workshop and distributing them at the nearest gas stations, parking lots, shops and other places where cars accumulate.

Video on the topic

The tire business in Ukraine is a fairly promising field of activity. Such an enterprise pays for itself in about a year or two, if you approach the issue of opening your own tire service business wisely.

You will need

• - premises;
• - equipment for tire fitting;
• - completed documentation.

Instructions

Every year, the volume of automotive sales in Ukraine is constantly increasing. Accordingly, the need for the provision of services for proper car care, in particular for its tires, is growing. This is especially true during the seasonal peaks for tire changes, which occur in spring and autumn. So the prospects for this type of business activity in Ukraine are quite good.

The main advantages of opening this type of business are simplicity and the absence of the need for large capital investments. The opening process is optimally carried out in this sequence. First, draw up a business plan (efficiency of organizing work processes, long-term planning).

Select premises taking into account the location (to begin with, you can not purchase it, but rent it). Choose your specialization (what types of services you will provide and what type of transport you will focus on). The best option is universal. It would also be good to provide related services so that you can also have a sufficient amount of work in the off-season.

Purchase equipment. This is the most expensive part of the project, but savings are inappropriate here. If funds allow, of course, it is worth purchasing new branded equipment. If this is not yet possible for you, pay attention to used equipment, but check the degree and negotiate a one-month warranty with the seller to monitor performance.

note

Be sure to purchase and register a cash register with the tax authorities to avoid fines.

Helpful advice

Create a client file, starting right from the first one, recording their preferences in order to promptly offer them what they need (the file can also be created electronically).

To properly organize a tire service area, you need to calculate how much money will need to be invested in organizing the workplace and what type of equipment needs to be installed.

First of all, you will need a tire changing machine. It can be automatic or semi-automatic. In the first, the rotation of the table and the lowering of the presser foot are pneumatically driven. Such a machine does not require much physical effort from the operator, which significantly increases productivity. For a tire workshop with a large flow of cars, it is recommended to purchase a machine. In a semi-automatic machine, the tire changer foot is lowered manually by pressing on the shaft. Fixation is carried out mechanically, only the table rotates automatically. That is why the machine is called semi-automatic. To eliminate damage to tires and other work associated with rubber vulcanization, you must purchase. This device works on the principle of a press. A tire or tube with a patch is clamped on both sides to achieve a more dense gluing. The heating elements between which the materials are fixed provide adhesion. When choosing a vulcanizer, you should pay attention to the presence of a timer, which will make the work easier. To carry out balancing, you need a special machine, of which there are a great variety on the market. There are balancing machines with manual input of parameters, manual drive and brake, and there are entire balancing and diagnostic centers where all actions occur automatically. The main requirement for this device is the ability to balance cast and steel disks with an accuracy of no more than 1g. The most common type of compressor used in a tire shop is a piston compressor. The pressure of the device must be at least 10 bar, since the pressure of a tire changer is between 8 and 10 bar. When using one such machine, it will be enough to install a compressor with a storage capacity of 50 liters. But if you plan to connect additional equipment, you will need a compressor with a receiver volume of 100 liters or more. A tire service bath allows you to check tubes and tubeless tires for leaks, as well as detect punctures and cuts on them. However, this type of equipment is not mandatory. Don’t forget about purchasing consumables, such as patches, raw rubber, valves, balancing weights, cleaners, tire paste, valves, harnesses, etc.

Sources:

• what is needed for tire fitting

Automotive maintenance is one of the most in-demand types of business. Considering the ever-increasing number of cars on the roads, opening a service station promises stable profits and good growth prospects.

You will need

• - package of constituent documents;
• - premises;
• - equipment;
• - wage-earners;
• - business plan.

Instructions

Choose the legal form of your business. The most convenient way to register an LLC is a limited liability company. An LLC can employ from 2 to 50 people; the charter is determined by the owners. When registering, it is enough to have 50% of the authorized capital; the remaining part must be formed within a year. Deposit the authorized capital funds into a temporary bank account. After registering the company, you will transfer them to a permanent account.

Make a plan in which you carefully calculate all possible costs and their expected payback periods. If you are afraid that you will not be able to do this competently yourself, use the services of a business analyst.

Choose a sonorous, memorable name for your company and a convenient location, for example, near. Get them approved by the regional executive committee or the Minsk city executive committee (for Minsk), and then begin preparing a package of constituent documents. Be sure to look on the Internet for information about supporting small businesses - perhaps you can take part in some program that will allow you to recoup part of the investment at the expense of the state or provide some tax benefits.

Pay the registration fee at the bank. Write an application for company registration; it must be personally signed by all founders directly at the registration authority. After this, submit the collected package of documents. Usually the procedure is formal in nature, therefore, if all the necessary documents are available, it is carried out on the same day. Within five working days, your company will be registered with the tax authorities, statistical authorities, social protection fund, etc., and you can start working.

In addition to solving legal problems, think about the practical side of your activities. Customers of auto repair shops want to receive high-quality equipment, which is impossible without good equipment. Even the best professionals won't be able to do their job well without the right tools. Compressors, painting, washing, tire fitting equipment, welding units, lifts - all this will have to be purchased, so evaluate the financial side of your project in advance. Of course, a car service can also have some narrow focus, according to which the equipment for the job will be selected. Correctly selected tools are half the success of the business.

The most popular type of car service is tire fitting, since most drivers change the tires on their car several times a year. It is also profitable to start working with tire fitting because this service does not require large financial costs for the purchase of equipment. Additionally, you will be able to carry out wheel balancing; this work is also quite in demand. As your business develops, you will be able to provide a wider range of services.

Video on the topic

Tire fitting is a popular type of service, the services of which are used by most car enthusiasts. The prospect of business development implies the provision of a new range of in-demand services.

You will need

• - money for authorized capital and state fees;
• - documents of the founders of the company (passports);
• - protocol on establishment;
• - LLC charter;
• - application for registration;
• - receipt of payment of state duty;
• - PC with Internet access.

Instructions

When opening a tire shop in Belarus, remember that this type of activity is not licensed in the republic, but is subject to mandatory certification. The procedure is carried out in accordance with the requirements of STB 1175-2011 “Service of vehicles by car service organizations. Order of conduct". Read its terms and conditions: http://www.belgim.by/uploaded/file/%201175-2011.pdf.

Submit an application to the certification body: http://www.gosstandart.gov.by/ru-RU/; http://www.transtekhnika.by/. Determine the organizational and legal basis of your business. Please note that it is more convenient to register future activities within the framework of a limited liability company.

In the Republic of Belarus, unlike Russian legislation, an LLC with one participant cannot be registered. Its minimum composition is two founders. In determining the upper limit, the positions of neighboring countries are the same - no more than 50 employees. The authorized capital is determined by the owners and divided into shares.

When registering an enterprise in Belarus, you only need to own 50% of the authorized capital, forming the remaining part within a year. Open a temporary bank account and deposit authorized capital into it. After registering a company, transfer them to a permanent account. Determine your business plan by carefully calculating potential costs and payback periods. If you doubt your abilities, seek the help of a professional analyst.

Choose a sonorous, memorable name for your future company. Please note that in Belarus it is necessary to do this in advance by agreeing on the name before registering the LLC. Find a convenient location for a tire repair shop, taking into account the favorable proximity to the highway and the availability of the necessary utilities. Agree on your choice with the regional executive committee or the Minsk city executive committee (if you live in Minsk) and prepare constituent documents.

Check out the current programs to support small businesses in Belarus on the Internet (http://www.pravo.by/main.aspx?guid=3871&p0=C20901721&p2=(NRPA). Perhaps participation in one of them will recoup part of the funds invested in production or will provide you with certain tax benefits.Pay a fee of 175,000 Belarusian rubles to the bank.

Unable to cope with the existing flow of clients. This means that in this location the demand for such services is increased. This gives reason to assume that business here will be very profitable.

It is clear that workshops will not specialize only in replacing car wheels. The wider the choice of services, the more clients there will be. The work of the staff plays a huge role. The master must be able to cope with the tasks assigned to him, otherwise the client will find another, and the loss of one client after another will greatly reduce the possibility of making a big profit.

Tire shop costs

The profitability of a tire shop largely depends on its expenses. It is clear that the lower the costs, the greater the profit. However, there are areas where you will have to spend a significant amount of money one way or another.

The first thing to remember is renting the premises. Typically, tire shops are located in small non-residential premises. Their rental cost is approximately ten dollars per square meter. The ideal area is fifty square meters, the cost of which is about $500 per month.

Of course, equipment also costs money, and even more than rent. However, while you have to pay rent every month, you don’t have to pay for equipment. The approximate cost of purchasing a tire changer, jacks, vulcanizer and other devices will cost about $3,500.

Opening an individual entrepreneur costs about $800. Now you can calculate how profitable a tire shop is and how quickly it pays for itself. If you add up the costs of equipment and opening an individual entrepreneur, it comes out to $4,300. If a company services 20 cars per day with an average price per check of 150 rubles, the daily income will be 3,000 rubles, and for the month it will be 90,000 rubles. It is necessary to subtract from this amount the rent of the premises, wages to workers and the costs of depreciation and consumables, then the net profit will be $1,600. Of course, this is under ideal conditions, and the average profitability of a tire service is about $1,000. It turns out that the enterprise will pay for itself in six months. Perhaps the income is not very large, but it is stable.

Safety requirements for vehicle maintenance and repair. Safety rules when performing vulcanization and tire fitting work

Safety rules when performing vulcanization and tire fitting work

Persons who have completed special course training, passed exams and received a certificate for the right to perform these works are allowed to perform vulcanization work. When working on electrovulcanization devices, it is necessary to comply with electrical safety rules, and when operating steam boilers to power vulcanization equipment, the safety requirements for boilers and vessels operating under pressure must be observed.

It is allowed to work only on working equipment. Vulcanizing apparatuses and pressure gauges must be checked and tested. They are tested at least once every 12 months. The pressure gauge dial must have a red limit line corresponding to the maximum operating pressure.

It is prohibited: to use pressure gauges that are faulty, unsealed, untested, or with an expired test date; Apply a distinctive mark on the glass of the pressure gauge yourself.

When working on stationary steam vulcanizing machines, it is necessary to constantly monitor the water level in the boiler, the steam pressure on the pressure gauge and the operation of the safety valve. When the water level decreases, it can be pumped up only in small portions. The safety valve must be adjusted to the maximum allowable working pressure. It is forbidden to work without a safety valve, with a faulty and unsealed valve. It is not allowed to place additional weight on the valve. If the pump malfunctions and it is impossible to pump water, stop work immediately, remove fuel from the furnace and release steam. It is prohibited to extinguish fuel with water. It is allowed to repair vulcanizing devices only if there is no steam pressure in the boiler.

When working on steam troughs, it is allowed to supply compressed air to the brew bag only after the final fixing of the tire and side plates with clamps. Tires can only be inspected with a spreader if it is correctly installed (hooks must completely capture the tire beads). Roughing of tires and tubes should be carried out on reliably grounded machines with a drive guard and equipped with local exhaust ventilation. In this case, you can only work with the ventilation turned on and wearing safety glasses.

When repairing the chamber in the field using a vulcanization briquette, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the damaged area, press the briquette tightly with a clamp screw and light it. Remove the chamber from the clamp only after the charred briquette and the restored area have cooled down.

During vulcanization work, it is prohibited to use leaded gasoline.

It is necessary to mount and dismantle tires in specially designed places on special stands. On the way, these operations should be carried out on a spread tarpaulin or other bedding. When removing the tire from the wheel rim, the air from the inner tube must be completely released. Dismantle the tire, which is firmly attached to the wheel rim, on a special stand or using a removable device. You should use an installation tool while traveling. It is prohibited to knock out discs with a sledgehammer.

Before installing the tire, you must carefully inspect the tire, remove small stones and other hard objects embedded in the tread, and remove metal objects using pliers. Check the condition of the tire beads, the lock ring and its recess on the wheel rim, and the condition of the wheel rim. It is prohibited to mount a tire on a rim that has dents, cracks, burrs or is covered with rust. When mounting the tire on the wheel rim, the lock ring must fit securely into the rim recess with its entire inner surface. The use of faulty wheel rims and locking rings that do not match the tire size for mounting tires is prohibited. While inflating the tire with air, it is prohibited to: correct the position of the tire by tapping; hit the lock ring with a hammer or sledgehammer. Inflating a tire without dismantling is permitted if the air pressure has decreased by no more than 40% of normal and if there is confidence that the decrease in pressure has not affected the correct installation. Tires removed from a vehicle must be inflated and inflated under stationary conditions in places specially designated for this purpose using safety barriers. When performing these operations in road and field conditions, it is necessary to install a safety fork in the wheel disk windows or place the wheel with the locking ring down. The air pressure should only be checked when the tires have cooled down to ambient temperature.

A dispenser or pressure gauge must be installed in the area where tires are inflated. The gearbox on the stand for dismantling and mounting tires must be covered with a casing during operation.

Before removing a wheel, you must make sure that the car is securely installed on the trestles, and that wheel chocks are placed under the wheels that have not been removed. In addition, it is necessary to check the position of the locking ring.

Remove, install and move wheels and tires of vehicles weighing more than 20 kg using a mechanized method. When using a pneumatic stationary lift to move large tires, be sure to secure the lifted tire with a locking device.

Safety rules when performing painting work

The organization of work in paint shops and areas and its implementation, placement and operation of equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.3.005-75 “SSBT. Painting works. General safety requirements."

Painting work should be carried out only in paint shops, departments and areas equipped with forced ventilation and fire fighting equipment. It is allowed to paint large products, cars in the field without a special ventilation device only in special cases with the permission of the sanitary and epidemiological stations, the technical inspection of the trade union and the fire authorities. In this case, the following conditions must be met: painting work is carried out during periods when other work is not performed; the premises are ventilated using forced general ventilation; painters use respiratory protection; explosion and fire safety is ensured.

Paints and varnishes can be used in the presence of a passport, which indicates their chemical composition. The use of paints and solvents of unknown composition is prohibited. The stock of paints and varnishes in painting shops and areas should not exceed the replacement needs necessary for work. Containers containing paints and varnishes (primers, paints, enamels, putty), solvents, thinners and semi-finished products must be in good condition, have tight-fitting lids and stickers or tags with the exact name and designation of the materials contained.

All workers involved in painting work must undergo preliminary and periodic medical examinations. They can be allowed to work independently only after training, instruction and testing of knowledge of labor safety and fire safety rules.

Cabins, bodies and units are most safely painted in spray booths equipped with special devices for moving the product to be painted. The dimensions of the spray booths must ensure full loading of products and a convenient approach for the worker to the product being painted. The width of the passages between the walls of the chamber and the product to be painted must be at least 1.2 m. Small parts and assemblies can be painted in fume hoods.

Paint and varnish materials are prepared in specially designated areas equipped with local exhaust ventilation. It is necessary to mix and dilute the paint and varnish material in metal containers (buckets, tanks) using mechanical (pneumatic) mixers. Paint and varnish materials should be poured from one container to another on metal pallets with sides no lower than 5 cm. Paints and solvents spilled on the floor must be immediately cleaned up using dry sand or sawdust and removed from the room. When pouring and mixing nitro paints and solvents, you should wear safety glasses to protect your eyes from possible splashes. Cleaning ends and rags after use must be placed in metal boxes with lids and, at the end of each shift, taken out of the production premises to specially designated places.

When cleaning the surface from rust, scale, old paint, when grinding a puttied surface, workers should use valveless respirators of the ShB-1 (“Petal”) type.

When painting with a spray gun, at the beginning of work, you should first check the serviceability of the hoses, the pressure tank, the oil of the water separator, the paint sprayer, the pressure gauge and safety valve, personal protective equipment and ventilation. Pneumatic paint sprayers and hoses must be checked and tested at 1.5 times the working pressure. The hoses must be securely connected to the fittings using clamps with tension bolts. Disconnecting the hoses is only allowed after the air supply has stopped. During painting work, the spray painter must use overalls, a respirator, goggles and protective dermatological agents (HIOT-6 and IER-1 pastes, Film-forming cream, etc.). In the absence of a spray booth, in order to avoid excessive fogging and reduce contamination of the working area with aerosol, vapors of paints and varnishes during spray painting, the paint sprayer should be held perpendicular to the surface to be painted at a distance of no more than 350 mm from it. It is forbidden to use enamel, paint, primer and other materials containing lead compounds for spray painting. It is allowed to work with such materials only after obtaining special permission from the sanitary authorities, when it is impossible to replace lead compounds with less harmful ones for technical reasons and with the installation of effective ventilation.