"Spiritual education" - Kruzhkovaya. Know the world and yourself! Moral norms and rules. Stock. Spiritual and moral education is one of the lines of development of a preschooler. Do not be lazy and do not look for excuses for your weaknesses! Games. 1 page - informational: Children's project activity. What advice would you give to such parents? Patriot. Understanding and definition of empathy and empathy by a preschooler.

"Spiritual life" - Labor. Reasons for the appearance of art: Magic. Spiritual life in Russia has always been distinguished by its originality. What is art? Art and spiritual life. Main features. Game. Features of art. Spiritual Life Trends modern Russia. Biologonization. Labor is the source of art. 5. Individuality of perception, i.e. "every man to his own taste".

"Spiritual singing" - New chants that arose in the 16th century on the basis of Znamenny singing. I want to believe that there is a future life.” Saint John of Damascus (676-780). The samples for songs 1-3 of the canon were: “The Savior sang that we should sing in a similar way” St. John Chrysostom. The great Russian composer M.I. Glinka about sacred music:

"Spiritual culture" - Spirit "commands" the soul! Material values- ? Spiritual culture. Why is religion one of the forms of culture? How to understand the statement "the priority of education"? Inner world human: body, soul, spirit. Spiritual values ​​- ? How is knowledge different from scientific knowledge? What is spiritual values? Self-knowledge is the study, the study by a person of himself.

"Moral test" - Humanity Humanism Morality Morality. 4. Choose the correct answer. Social studies tests for grade 8. Morality is based on: Humanism Responsibility Morality. 3. The criteria of morality are determined by: The period of history The people themselves The policy of the state. on the topic "Personality and Moral Responsibility".

"The Spiritual Life of Man" - "I will not do that. What is entrepreneurship? The spiritual sphere is one of the subsystems of society. What does human dignity mean? Example. What does it mean to be a spiritually rich, whole person? What rights belong to the owner? 1. Human right to spiritual freedom. Name the types of property relations.

Ethics Question #8

Conscience - this is one of the oldest intimate-personal regulators of human behavior. Conscience is understood as a special moral and psychological mechanism by which we evaluate our actions and thoughts, realize and experience their inconsistency with the requirements of duty.

As a category of ethics, conscience characterizes a person's ability to exercise moral self-control, internal self-assessment from the standpoint of the compliance of his behavior with the requirements of morality, independently formulate moral tasks for himself and demand from himself their fulfillment.

A lawyer, conducting proceedings on a case or performing other functions, acts in an area that affects the vital benefits of people, faces many conflicts, and is faced with the need to make responsible decisions, often in difficult moral situations. And only employees with a developed sense of conscience, capable of correctly, self-critically and fundamentally judging their motives and actions, can effectively fulfill their high mission and maintain the prestige of their profession and personality.

Conscience includes:

– internal(rational and emotional) assessment of the moral dignity of their intentions and actions taking into account the moral norms and ideals of the given personality acquired by the personality, acting as its internal "law" and "judge";

– a sense of personal moral responsibility for one's behavior before people, society and oneself.

Forms of manifestation of conscience can be : moral satisfaction, doubts, indecision, remorse, repentance, confession and, as a result, shame. Shyness, shyness, internally connected with sacrifice and compassion, the ability to forget oneself for the sake of a lofty goal are characteristic features of Russian culture.

Question number 9.

Honor and dignity are a form of moral self-awareness. They tell us about the special value of the human person. The concepts of honor and dignity develop in the history of culture in unity and parallel to each other.

As a category of ethicshonor means the moral attitude of a person to himself and the attitude towards him on the part of society, those around him, when the moral value of a person is associated with the moral merits of a person.

Honor is an assessment of a person in terms of the norms of a social group. Therefore, there are such concepts as the honor of an officer, the honor of a judge, the honor of a scientist, doctor, entrepreneur, etc. A sense of honor encourages you to do certain things in order to achieve primacy, a high appreciation of your activities precisely within the social group to which a person belongs. The concept of honor is associated with mandatory requirements for members of this community, strict standards of behavior, which are called the “code of honor”.

If the concept of honor is associated with the desire to achieve high marks from others, then dignity denotes a combination of high moral qualities, as well as respect for these qualities in oneself and in others, colleagues. It obliges to perform moral deeds, to conform one's behavior with the requirements of morality.

concept personal dignity is based on the principle of equality of all people in moral terms, is based on the equal right of each person to respect, the prohibition to humiliate his dignity, regardless of what social position he occupies.

Dignity acts as an element of moral culture, having, however, moral character. On the one hand, dignity is a moral value and, as a result, is most directly related to morality. At the same time, dignity is also related to law, since the protection of dignity is carried out on the basis of legal acts specially developed and fixed in the legislation.

There is a right to honor and dignity; the right to have an opinion and express it without fear of persecution; the right to free thought; the right to dissent; the right to opposition; the right to national dignity; the right to know everything about the life of their state without ridiculous censorship restrictions; the right to the need for human cultural life; the right to protect their human and civil rights -

In the Civil Code of the Russian Federation adopted October 21, 1994 , to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the court decision, a special article 152"Protection of honor, dignity and business reputation."

"All people on earth are equal"

The relationship between people at the present time is increasingly becoming tragic. Lies, betrayals, hypocrisy, hatred, anger, arrogance, greed, cruelty - and this is not the whole negative list of what the heart is filled with modern man. And the thing is that people forget to comply. Some don't even know what it is.

Moral standards- this is a set of all types of relationships between people that arise in the process of communication, living together (pastime).

Starting from early childhood, a person develops his own ideas about good and bad; about what is good and what is evil. Of course, the first ideas about moral standards parents lay the child, telling him what is right and what is wrong (or not telling, then the child draws conclusions himself from what he saw and heard). When a child grows up, his parents are replaced by society. And the more parents and (or) society are morally developed, the closer a person is to creating a virtuous personality, a healthy family and a harmonious society.

But at the present time, a person (and, accordingly, society) is degrading. People stop developing spiritually and forget about moral norms. Their ideas about life are gaining a negative character, which affects their norm of behavior in society.

Morality in the Spiritual Life man is very numerous. Below is a list of some moral standards which a person must observe:
1. Truthfulness. It is very important to always be honest and tell the truth.
2. Reliability and loyalty- a positive spiritual and moral quality of a person, expressing perseverance and immutability in feelings, relationships, in the performance of one's duties, duty. We feel calm when there are reliable and loyal people nearby. So you try to become also a reliable person for other people.
3. Sincerity- the absence of contradictions between the real feelings and intentions regarding another person (or group of people) and how these feelings and intentions are presented to him in words. Sincerity is one of the most difficult qualities and must be taken very seriously. Expressing my sincere attitude a person “in the eye”, it is important not to cross the line of politeness. This applies to your negative assessments, which may be offensive or offensive from the point of view of the interlocutor. In this case, it is better to refrain from your negative statements and simply stop communicating with the person who is unpleasant to you.
4. Politeness, correctness- the rules for conducting a conversation and a dispute that characterize the behavior of a person who outwardly shows respect for the people around him. Whatever the nature of your conversation (pleasant or unpleasant), always show respect for the interlocutor. Be correct in your statements and polite to people.
5. Expulsion of vices from the heart. Free your heart from malice, hatred, envy and other vices. Meditation helps a lot with this. Hang out with people who make you happy and inspire you to take positive action. Fill your heart with positivity!
6. Strength moral and physical. Courage is one of the virtues that reflects moral strength in overcoming fear. By developing moral and physical strength, you can easily learn to endure suffering or not experience it at all. Temper your spirit, mind and body.
7. Tolerance and forgiveness- a conscious decision not to do and not to commit all kinds of persecution (punishment). The ability to forgive is characteristic of a spiritually developed person. It is important to remember that in order to learn to forgive - you must first learn not to be offended! And this will help you tolerance. It is also inherent in people with a very developed moral strength. Each person must understand what can be tolerated and why to endure. Sometimes you just need to say goodbye to a person so as not to hurt yourself mentally. And then there will be no need to endure anything, and there will be no one to be offended by.
8. Modesty- a character trait of a person, expressed in the following:
- moderation in all requirements;
- lack of desire for luxury;
- lack of desire to excel, to show oneself;
- observance of the limits of decency;
- degree in communication with other people.
9. Dignity and self-respect- an objective assessment by a person of himself as internally positive or negative to some extent. Develop spiritually and self-actualize. Become a worthy person.
10. The search for wisdom and knowledge, the desire for self-education and intellectual self-improvement. Always learn something new. Read more.
11. Desire to devote all your time and your life to good deeds. Either do it with a good and pure heart, or don't do it at all. If you have already decided to develop spiritually, then kindness is the first thing you should fill your heart with!
12. Generosity- important moral standard person. It consists in openness towards other people, the ability to share with them both your material wealth and your abilities, knowledge, and spiritual strength.
13. Patience- calm transfer of pain, misfortune, sorrow, misfortune in one's own life.
14. Prudent management of your funds. Don't spend money on something that won't benefit you.
15. Sociability, kind attitude towards others.
16. Passion for purity and beauty.
17. Aversion to evil and sin.

Each person is obliged to constantly purify and improve spiritually, morally and physically, striving to become impeccable. People should refrain from actions that can corrupt and destroy the personality. Also, everything that can harm the soul and body should be avoided.

P.S. Extramarital affairs are considered the main source of the complete decomposition of the individual and society, leading to the moral and physical degradation of people.

oxxemiron 2017-01-25 19:20:56 What is ppc

maaaaaaaaash 2016-04-17 09:45:11 [Reply] [Cancel reply]

Dima

The unity of the ethical and aesthetic aspects of business etiquette

The rules of etiquette, dressed in specific forms of behavior, indicate the unity of its two sides: moral and ethical and aesthetic. The first side is an expression of a moral norm: precautionary care, respect, protection, etc.

The second side - aesthetic - testifies to the beauty, elegance of forms of behavior.

For example, for a greeting, use not only the verbal (speech) means “Hello!”, “Good afternoon”, but also non-verbal gestures: a bow, a nod, a wave of the hand, etc. You can say “Hello” indifferently, nod your head and walk past . But it’s better to do otherwise - say, for example, “Hello, Ivan Aleksandrovich!”, smile warmly at him and stop for a few seconds. Such a greeting emphasizes your good feelings for this person, he will understand that you appreciate him, and the sound of your own name is a pleasant melody for any person.

Business etiquette as a set of moral norms and rules of conduct in business communication. Basic rules of business etiquette

Just being polite and friendly is not enough. IN business etiquette general principles acquire a specific color, which is expressed in the following basic rules:

• - First rule business communication- be punctual in everything. The delays of any employee interfere with work, in addition, they indicate that such a person cannot be relied upon;
• - Second rule business ethics communication - do not talk too much. Any employee is obliged to keep the secrets of his organization, this rule applies to all affairs of a company or institution: from personnel to technology. The same applies to the conversations of colleagues about their personal lives;
• - The third rule of ethics in business - think not only about yourself, but also about others. It is impossible to conduct business successfully without taking into account the opinions and interests of partners, customers, buyers. Often the reasons for failure in business are the manifestation of selfishness, the desire to harm competitors, even colleagues, in order to advance within the framework of own enterprise. Strive to always patiently listen to the interlocutor, learn to respect the opinion of others and understand it, get rid of intolerance for dissent;
• - The fourth rule of business ethics - dress appropriately. The main thing is to dress appropriately for your environment in the service, without standing out from the contingent of workers at your level. Your clothes should show your taste;
• - The fifth rule is the ethics of business communication - speak and write in a good language. Everything you say and write must be written correctly. Your chances of concluding a particular contract often depend on the ability to communicate. A business person, in order to succeed, must also master the art of rhetoric, that is, the skill of eloquence.

Irkutsk branch of VGIK

Ethics of Business Communication

report on the subject of Management

Completed by: Bogonosova A.D.

Checked by: Khityrheeva N.K.

2014

Ethics of business communicationa set of moral norms, rules and ideas that regulate the behavior and attitudes of people in the process of their production activities. Ethicsbusiness communicationis a special case of ethics in general and contains its main characteristics.

Ethics business communicationis engaged in identifying the norms and rules of communication adopted in certain situations and conditions of communication, as well as predicting and determining the line of behavior and studying the factors influencing behavior in the business sphere.

Specificity

Business conversation arises on the basis of and about a certain type of activity related to the production of a product or business effect. At the same time, the parties to communication act in formal (official) statuses that determine the necessary norms and standards of human behavior. A distinctive feature of business communication is that it does not have a self-contained value, is not an end in itself, but serves as a means to achieve some other goals. In the conditions of market relations, this is, first of all, obtaining the maximum profit.

social contract

The basis of modern business ethics the social contract (an informal agreement between the company and its external environment on uniform standards of behavior) and Social responsibility firm (maximizing its advantages and minimizing the disadvantages that affect both business participants and society as a whole) ...

Building an ethical argument

To date, there are two most common principles for constructing ethical argumentation the principle of utilitarianism and the principle of the moral imperative.

1. Principle of utilitarianism
2. An action is considered morally justified if it brings or tends to bring the maximum benefit to the maximum number of persons. The total benefit is compared with the amount of damage caused. And if it outweighs, the decision is unethical. If all alternative actions cause some degree of damage, then the “lesser evil” is chosen.
3. Principle of the moral imperative
4. Moral decisions should not depend on a specific result (any bribe is evil, deceiving one client is just as immoral as many).

General ethical principles and nature of business communication.

Business communication necessary part human life, the most important type of relationship with other people. Eternal and one of the main regulators of these relations are ethical norms, which express our ideas about good and evil, justice and injustice, the rightness or wrongness of people's actions. And communicating in business cooperation with his subordinates, boss or colleagues, each one in one way or another, consciously or spontaneously, relies on these ideas. But depending on how a person understands moral norms, what content he puts into them, to what extent he generally takes them into account in communication, he can both facilitate business communication for himself, make it more efficient, help in solving tasks and achieving goals, and complicate this communication or even make it impossible Ethics (from the Greek. ethos custom, disposition) the doctrine of morality, morality. The term "ethics" was first used by Aristotle to refer to practical philosophy, which should answer the question of what we must do in order to perform correct, moral deeds. Morality (from Latin moralis moral) is a system of ethical values ​​that are recognized by a person. Morality is the most important way of normative regulation of social relations, communication and behavior of people in the most various fields public life family, life, politics, science, work, etc.

Basic ethical principle in business communication

The ethics of business communication should be taken into account in its various manifestations: in the relationship between the enterprise and the social environment; between enterprises; within one enterprise between a leader and subordinates, between a subordinate and a leader, between people of the same status. Between the parties of this or that type of business communication there is a specificity. The task is to formulate such principles of business communication that would not only correspond to each type of business communication, but also not contradict the general moral principles of people's behavior. At the same time, they should serve as a reliable tool for coordinating the activities of people involved in business communication.

With regard to business communication, the basic ethical principle can be formulated as follows: in business communication, when deciding which values ​​should be preferred in a given situation, act in such a way that your desire is compatible with the moral values ​​of the other parties involved in communication and allows for coordination the interests of all parties.

Thus, the basis of the ethics of business communication should be coordination, and, if possible, harmonization of interests. Naturally, if it is carried out by ethical means and in the name of morally justified goals.

Therefore, business communication must be constantly checked by ethical reflection, justifying the motives for entering into it. Doing it ethically right choice and making individual decisions is often quite difficult.

Market relations provide freedom of choice, but at the same time increase the number of solutions, give rise to a set of moral dilemmas that await business people at every step in the process of their activities and communication.

Despite all the problematic and difficult choice of a moral position, there are a number of such provisions in communication, following which you can greatly facilitate business communication, increase its efficiency and avoid mistakes in the process of interacting with others in business. Remember, that:

1. in morality there is no absolute truth and no supreme judge among men;
2. when it comes to the ethical failings of others, one should not make "moral flies" into "moral elephants." When we are talking about your mistakes, you should do the opposite;
3. in morality, one should praise others, and make claims against oneself;
4. the moral attitude of those around us ultimately depends only on ourselves;
5. when it comes to the practical approval of moral norms, the main imperative of behavior “begin with yourself”.

Particular attention should be paid to Golden Rule communication ethics:

Treat others the way you would like to be treated. As mentioned above, in the negative form in the formulation of Confucius, it reads: What you do not wish for yourself, do not do to others. This rule is also applicable to business communication, but in relation to its individual types: “top down” (head subordinate), “bottom up” (subordinate head), “horizontal” (employee employee) requires specification.

Ethics of business communication "top down".

In business communication "from top to bottom", i.e., in relation to a leader to a subordinate, the golden rule of ethics can be formulated as follows: Treat your subordinate the way you would like to be treated by a leader. The art and success of business communication is largely determined by the ethical standards and principles that the leader uses in relation to his subordinates. By norms and principles, we mean what behavior in the workplace is ethically acceptable and what is not. These norms relate primarily to how and on the basis of what orders are given in the management process, in what service discipline is expressed,
defining business communication. Without observing the ethics of business communication between a leader and a subordinate, most people feel like they are in a team.
uncomfortable, morally unprotected. Relationship between leader and subordinates
influences the whole nature of business communication, largely determines its
moral and psychological climate. It is at this level that the first
turn moral standards and patterns of behavior. Let's note some of them.

1. Strive to turn your organization into a cohesive team with high communication standards. Involve employees in the goals of the organization. A person will feel morally and psychologically comfortable only when he is identified with the collective. At the same time, everyone strives to remain an individual and wants to be
   respected for who he is.
2. If there are problems and difficulties associated with dishonesty, the manager should find out its causes. If we are talking about ignorance, then one should not endlessly reproach the subordinate for his weaknesses and shortcomings. Think about what you can do to help him overcome them. Rely on this strengths his personality.
3. If the employee did not follow your instructions, you must let him know that you are aware of this, otherwise he may decide that he tricked you. Moreover, if the manager did not make a corresponding remark to the subordinate, then he simply does not fulfill his duties and acts unethically.
4. The remark to the employee must comply with ethical standards. Gather all the information on this case. Choose the right form of communication. First, ask the employee himself to explain the reason for the failure to complete the task, perhaps he will bring facts unknown to you. Make your remarks one on one: it is necessary to respect the dignity and feelings of a person.
5. Criticize actions and deeds, not a person's personality.
6. Then, when appropriate, use the "sandwich" technique hide criticism between two compliments. End the conversation on a friendly note and soon find time to talk to the person to show him that you are not holding a grudge.
7. Never advise a subordinate how to act in personal matters. If advice helps, you most likely will not be thanked. If it doesn't help you will be held responsible.
8. Don't get pets. Treat employees as equal members and treat everyone with the same standard.
9. Never give employees the opportunity to notice that you are not in control if you want to maintain their respect.
10. Observe the principle of distributive justice: the greater the merit, the greater the reward should be.
11. Encourage your team even if success is achieved mainly due to the success of the leader himself.
12. Strengthen the subordinate's self-esteem. A job well done deserves not only material, but also moral encouragement. Do not be lazy to once again praise the employee.
13. The privileges that you give yourself should be extended to other members of the team.
14. Trust employees and admit your own mistakes at work. The members of the collective will find out about them one way or another. But concealing mistakes is a manifestation of weakness and dishonesty.
15. Protect your subordinates and be loyal to them. They will answer you the same.
16. Choose the right form of order, considering primarily two factors: 1) the situation, the availability of time for nuances, 2) the personality of the subordinate who is in front of you, a conscientious and skilled worker or a person who needs to be pushed at every step. Depending on this, one should choose the most ethically acceptable norms of behavior and forms of command.

Forms of the order can be: order, request, request and the so-called "volunteer".

The order should most often be used in an emergency, as well as in relation to unscrupulous employees.

The request is used if the situation is ordinary, and the relationship between the leader and the subordinate is based on trust and goodwill. This form allows the employee to express his opinion on the problem if for some reason it cannot be solved. And if you pronounce the phrase in an appropriate way, then the employee will have no doubt that this is an order.

A question is best used when you want to spark a discussion about how best to do a job or encourage an employee to take the lead. “Does it make sense to do this?”, “How should we do it?”. At the same time, employees must be proactive and sufficiently qualified. Otherwise, some may perceive your question as a sign of weakness and incompetence.

"Volunteer". Question "Who wants to do this?" is suitable for a situation where no one wants to do the job, but nevertheless it must be done. In this case, the volunteer hopes that his enthusiasm will be appropriately appreciated in future work.

Ethics of business communication "bottom up".

In business communication "bottom up", i.e. in relation to a subordinate to his boss, the general ethical rule behavior can
formulate as follows:

Treat your boss the way you would like to be treated by your subordinates.

Knowing how you should treat and treat your leader is no less important than knowing what moral requirements you should make to your subordinates. Without it, it's hard to find mutual language both with the boss and with the subordinates. Using certain ethical norms, you can attract the leader to your side, make him your ally, but you can also turn him against yourself, make him your ill-wisher.

Here are some necessary ethical standards and principles that can be used in business communication with the leader.

1. Try to help the leader in creating a friendly moral atmosphere in the team, strengthening fair relations. Remember that your supervisor needs it first.
2. Do not try to impose your point of view on the leader or command him. Express your suggestions or comments tactfully and politely. You cannot directly order something, but you can say: “How would you feel if ...?” etc.
3. If any joyful or, on the contrary, unpleasant event is approaching or has already happened in the team, then it is necessary to inform the leader about this. In case of trouble, try to help facilitate the way out of this situation, offer your own solution.
4. Do not talk to the boss in a categorical tone, do not always say only “yes” or only “no”. An employee who always agrees is annoying and gives the impression of a flatterer. The person who always says no is a constant irritant.
5. Be loyal and dependable, but don't be a sycophant. Have your own character and principles. A person who does not have a stable character and firm principles cannot be relied upon, his actions cannot be foreseen.
6. You should not seek help, advice, suggestions, etc. "over your head", immediately to the head of your leader, except in emergency cases. Otherwise, your behavior may be regarded as disrespect or disregard for the opinion of the boss or as a doubt about his competence. In any case, your immediate supervisor in this case loses authority and dignity.
7. If you have been given responsibility, gently raise the issue of your rights as well. Remember that responsibility cannot be realized without an appropriate degree of freedom, action.

Ethics of business communication "horizontally".

The general ethical principle of communication is “horizontally”, i.e.
between colleagues (leaders or ordinary members of the group), you can
be phrased as follows: In business communication, treat your colleague
the way you would like him to treat you. If you find it difficult how
behave in a given situation, put yourself in the place of your colleague.

With regard to fellow managers, it should be borne in mind that finding the right tone and acceptable standards of business communication with employees of equal status from other departments is a very difficult task. Especially when it comes to communication and relationships within the same enterprise. In this case, they are often rivals in the struggle for success and promotion. At the same time, these are people who, together with you, belong to the team of the general manager. In this case, participants in business communication should feel equal in relation to each other.

Here are some principles of ethical business communication between colleagues.

1. Do not demand any special treatment or special privileges from the other.
2. Try to achieve a clear division of rights and responsibilities in the performance of common work.
3. If your responsibilities overlap with those of your colleagues, this is dangerous situation. If the manager does not separate your duties and responsibilities from others, try to do it yourself.
4. In relationships between colleagues from other departments, you should be responsible for your own department, and not shift the blame on your subordinates.
5. If you are asked to temporarily transfer your employee to another department, do not send unscrupulous and unqualified
   after all, it will be used to judge you and your department as a whole. Remember maybe
   happen that you will be treated in the same immoral way.
6. Don't be prejudiced against your colleagues. As far as possible, discard prejudice and gossip in dealing with them.
7. Call your interlocutors by name and try to do it more often.
8. Smile, be friendly, and use a variety of techniques and tools to show a kind attitude towards the interlocutor. Remember as you sow, so shall you reap.
9. Don't make promises you can't keep. Do not exaggerate your importance and business opportunities.
10. If they do not justify, you will be uncomfortable, even if there were objective reasons for this.
11. Don't get into a person's mind. At work, it is not customary to ask about personal matters, and even more so problems.
12. Try to listen not to yourself, but to the other.
13. Do not try to seem better, smarter, more interesting than you really are. Sooner or later everything will come out anyway and
    will fall into place.
14. Send impulses of your sympathy with a word, a look, a gesture, let the participant in the conversation understand that he is interested in you.
    Smile, look straight into your eyes.
15. Treat your colleague as a person to be respected in and of itself, not as a means to achieve your goals.
    own goals.