The world unique, there is life not only on earth, but also in water, and even in the air. A modern child who grew up in an urbanized society and reached the senior level school age, must know not only the objects surrounding him, but also the wildlife of his native land.
Migratory birds - who are they?
It is difficult to tell a child about something that he himself has not seen. That is why it is worth carefully preparing for the story of migratory birds. First of all, you need to find thematic pictures depicting not only migratory birds, but also wintering birds, search the Internet for the sounds they make, their singing.
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Try to collect representatives of migratory birds on one paper, and wintering birds on the other, only each image should be signed.
For example, migratory birds include:
- finch,
- wagtail,
- song thrush,
- redstart,
- chiffchaff,
- swallow,
- forest horse,
- robin,
- lapwing,
- lark,
- oriole.
And for the wintering ones:
- sparrows,
- Crow,
- tits,
- bullfinch,
- pigeons,
- woodpeckers,
- Fourty.
So, the child will not only replenish the vocabulary with new names of birds, but also with images.
To consolidate knowledge, you can make an additional drawing paper with images of birds, where both migratory and wintering birds will be together. After the baby gets acquainted with all the birds, let him tell himself where which bird is and what it's called.
Conduct the conversation in the form of a dialogue. For example, ask: "A tit is a migratory bird or not? Where and when did you see this bird?" Remember together which birds you have seen before, and why some are hard to see during the day.
Migratory birds fly...
It will be interesting for children to find out the reasons for the departure of birds. Tell us that birds that live in the field, in swamps and reservoirs fly away for the winter, because the reservoirs freeze and they cannot get enough food, because they can’t get frogs and fish, and in the field all rodents hide deep in holes . The birds that live in the forest in winter can no longer find insects that fall into a deep sleep or die in the cold season.
Tell your child interesting facts about birds. For example, about the fact that birds fly to distant countries for wintering in the form of figures:
- straight front,
- crowded flock,
- cant,
- wedge.
Flying in a wedge or other pattern has a reason. The wedge is built according to the principle: the strongest and adults fly first, the youngest and weakest follow them. Cutting through the air and creating a powerful stream of air, the leader of the group helps the weak in flight, he also shows the way.
Sometimes there are several leaders in a pack. They fly first in turn, so as not to completely lose their strength and not turn off course. Those who close the wedge constantly make sounds, encouraging leaders and confirming their presence. Do not be lazy and show pictures of the flight of birds, and then a video. The kid will like to carry out logical chains and absorb new knowledge.
Flying birds - video
An older child can be told that migratory birds fly away not only during the onset of cold weather, but also in the middle of summer, that each species of birds behaves differently before flying.
Birds learn about the onset of cold weather and the need to fly away not from the newspaper or the news, their instinct is more eloquent than the media. With it, the bird knows when to start preparing for a long flight, sometimes even they make test flights. Not only the bird is preparing, but also its body. He begins to rebuild so that the bird is ready for hard times.
Where do migratory birds live?
Be sure to tell your child about where the birds live. Birdhouses, nests made of twigs on trees, made of clay and twigs under the roofs of residential buildings, as well as cages - all these are feathered apartments. On the street it is easy to see these houses and show them clearly to the child. It will be interesting for a young naturalist not only to see, but also to make a birdhouse himself.
There is an opportunity to celebrate World Migratory Bird Day with children, which takes place on May 8-9. Have a picnic in nature, take prepared birdhouses with you and hang them on trees. Tell us which birds can choose this house for themselves and their chicks. Among them there can be not only starlings, but also sparrows, tits, birds, for which a house is suitable in size. The next time you visit this place together, the voices of birds will already be heard there.
Books about birds
Now you can find many books with fairy tales, poems, riddles about migratory birds.
Here is a small list of children's writers, poets who wrote about flyers:
- Mikhail Prishvin,
- Korney Chukovsky,
- Vitaly Bianchi,
- Dmitry Kedrin,
- Apollo Maykov,
- Boris Pasternak,
- Ivan Turgenev.
The child will be interested in listening to interesting poems and stories about birds. Learn a poem with your child. This will help him not only improve his memory, but also remember your story for a long time.
Why are migratory birds returning?
Answer more broadly the question of the child, why, after wintering, the birds return to their homeland. After all, the answer is, in fact, simple: in warm countries there is not enough space and food to build a nest and raise offspring. Birds are designed in such a way that if conditions are favorable for rearing chicks, then the brood becomes larger. Competition among species would destroy entire clans of birds. It is the care of future chicks that pushes tailed parents to overcome thousands of kilometers and return home.
Having interested the child, you can sow the seed of curiosity and inquisitiveness, which will undoubtedly help the baby to study perfectly and learn something new every day.
Video lesson "Migratory birds"
Fedoseeva Svetlana
Summary of the lesson "Migratory birds"
MKDOU Shubinsky kindergarten
educator: Fedoseeva S. I.
Topic: « Migratory birds» .
Target: expand ideas about migratory birds.
Development of horizons, vocabulary, observation. Build an idea about birds with characteristic features appearance, lifestyle.
Introduce children to the concept migrant"
To develop the speech of children to enrich with new words (birdhouse, migrant, logical thinking, attention, communicative qualities.
Cultivate a caring and caring attitude towards birds.
Educational area: Cognition (getting to know the environment).
Integration of educational areas:
cognitive development. Didactic games: "Collect bird»
Speech development. DI "Describe birds» , "What is the name of the chick"
Physical development. Fizminutka.
Socio-communicative development. D / y "How to behave in the forest" Artistic and aesthetic development. Viewing a presentation « Migratory birds» .
Forms of direct educational activity:
cognitive-research (solving problem situations, games with rules, modeling, communicative (conversation, leading dialogue, situational conversation, game (games with rules, didactic games).
Forms of organization: group.
preliminary work: viewing albums, magazines with migratory birds.
Split pictures depicting swallows, rooks, starlings.
GCD progress:
caregiver: guys today we have not usual class, we have guests. Let's say hello to our guests. I hope that today you will be attentive, friendly and active.
Today is an unusual day, I want to surprise you, I want to show something very interesting now. (film screening).
caregiver: In the spring, guys, nature comes to life, wakes up from hibernation. What happens in nature?
Di "Draw Spring"
you need to call the signs of spring with such words “Spring is when
Children: The sun shines brighter, cold snow melts. The trees are budding. The first flowers sprout (snowdrops). Animals wake up from hibernation (bears, hedgehogs, grass turns green, chirping birds, the snow melts)
caregiver: And in the spring they arrive birds. Do you know where they were?
Why birds fly to warmer climes? Children: Because it gets cold, insects disappear, plant seeds fall off. Ponds will freeze soon birds it will be difficult to get food.
And what are they called birds who come to us from warm lands? !
Children: Migratory birds.
caregiver: What kind the birds are called« migratory» ?
caregiver: These birds fly south in the fall and fly back to our homeland in the spring, make flights, which is why they are called migratory. Motherland is the place where one was born. So the birds are back to build a nest and hatch chicks. Chicks are born blind, helpless, covered with down. Parents feed. During the summer, the chicks grow up in the fall, and fly away to warmer climes with their parents. In order to return home again in the spring.
caregiver: First migratory bird arrives ... - rook. (slide). Describe what it is.
Children: Rook large bird. Its body is covered with black feathers. They have strong wings. The beak and paws of the rooks are light.
caregiver: They had a difficult road. When they arrive from warm countries, I start building nests (a slide to bring out and feed the chicks. Look, the rooks have a big nest, it is lined with large branches.
caregiver: Next birds fly - starlings. (slide) They arrive later than the rooks. Educator. Guys, describe the starling, what is it like.
Children. Starlings are small. They are grey-brown, mottled. They have thin beaks. Paws and beak are light.
Educator. The rooks have already hatched their chicks, and the starlings are just building a nest in the birdhouse. (slide)
If rooks build a nest from large branches, then starlings carry thin twigs, blades of grass, feathers into the birdhouse. Starlings are small and their nests are small. Birdhouses are made by people and attached to a tree.
Fizminutka "Birdhouse".
I’ll cut the boards with a saw - whack, whack, whack, whack. (Children imitate the movements of sawing a plank).
I’ll make a birdhouse out of them - knock, knock, knock, knock. (Children imitate the movements of hammering nails).
fly in birds are visiting us-to us, -to us, -to us. (Perform hand movements towards themselves).
We will hang birdhouses - here and there, - here and there. (Tilts with outstretched arms up, to the sides, down).
Educator. Swallows also come from the south. (slide) Describe, guys, a swallow, what is it like?
Children: They are small, almost black, their tail looks like a fork, they have sharp wings.
Educator. They also build nests under the roof of the house. The swallow sculpts it from lumps of clay. Lined from the inside with leaves, feathers, fluff. Why do you think bird nests?
Children: hatch chicks.
DI "What is the name of the chick"
Educator. While we were talking about migratory birds, the naughty Winter, who does not want to give in to Spring, froze birds and broke them into pieces. Please help warm up birds.
Di "Collect bird» Children from cut pictures collect a swallow, a starling, a rook.
Summary of NOD.
caregiver: Why do you need birds?
Children: Destroy insects - pests; delight us with their singing, bright colors.
Is it necessary to protect and preserve birds? How? Make birdhouses, feeders; feed; you can not destroy nests, collect eggs birds; shoot them with a slingshot; make noise, shout, listen to loud music in the forest, park where they live birds.
caregiver:You must remember:
What birds, no need to catch
Necessary always love birds.
Do not destroy bird nests
in winter help the birds,
Pity them, protect them.
caregiver: What are you guys doing, did you like our work? About what birds we talked?
Why these birds are called migratory birds? (These birds in the fall they fly south, and in the spring they arrive from the south)
What kind migratory birds Are they the first to arrive in the spring? (Rooks arrive first in spring)
What else birds come in spring? (Starlings, cranes, storks, thrushes, swans, swallows, geese, ducks, nightingales, siskins arrive in spring)
What games were played? What did you like?
I have surprise templates for you birds.
When ecological or feeding conditions change, many birds fly away to warmer climes. This may be due to the peculiarities of their reproduction. These living creatures have a high level of mobility, which is not available to other birds. The article will consider photos of migratory birds with names for children, having studied which, the child will clearly distinguish between the types of living beings and independently determine which of them fly away to spend the winter in warm countries, and which ones prefer a cold climate.
This article indicates a variety of migratory for children and the description will serve as an excellent opportunity to put a starting point in the development of the child in the environmental field of knowledge. Thanks to this, from a very young age, a person will be able to lay the foundations of a new science in his mind.
Famous Names for Children of Different Ages
So, only those that fly to warmer climes for the winter period should be classified as migratory birds. The fact is that these creatures are warm-blooded (41 degrees is their body temperature on average). Therefore, they can freely save in the winter active positions. But the problem is that not all of them are able to get food in the cold season, because the cover of the earth's surfaces freezes, and the inhabitants of the sky need to eat a lot, since the energy they expended significantly exceeds the mark that is allowed in the warm season. This is the reason for saying goodbye to the Motherland and flying to countries with a warm climate.
The representatives of the considered group include: swallow, lapwing, lark, robin, oriole, forest pipit, redstart, black-headed warbler and many others. In addition to migratory birds, there are also sedentary (remain wintering in their native lands) and nomadic (make a flight depending on the severity of the season) inhabitants of the sky. Below, photos of migratory birds with names for children will be described in detail and presented.
In what order do the birds fly away?
It should be noted that the birds leave their native lands gradually. It has been established in society that migratory birds (names for children are presented below) that feed on insects (insectivores) are the very first to open their wings. It is important to note that such creatures tend to sing very well.
In the course of many years of research, it was noted that migratory birds (names for children; see the list of birds below), such as swifts and swallows, become the initial link in the opening of the season of farewell to native lands. Then they fly away to the southern countries (for example, swans). And this is not surprising, because all reservoirs, without exception, are covered with an ice cover immediately after minus temperatures become appropriate. The crane flies next (this happens at the beginning of the first autumn month), followed by the rook.
The final link in this list are geese and ducks (the latter leave the edges later than all). There are many cases when ducks preferred not to fly to southern countries, but to stay in their native places. But this phenomenon occurs only if the freezing of their housing, the pond is excluded. Therefore, it was customary among the people that it was ducks that carried frost and winter on their tails.
Fundamental differences between migratory and nomadic birds
Migratory birds (names for children ( middle group): rook, swan, duck, nightingale, lark and others) are considered in great detail. It remains only to draw a line of differences between them and nomadic living beings. So, in any case, migratory birds will prefer to leave their homeland with the onset of cold weather, regardless of various circumstances. They have a flight at the gene level, so it is impossible to argue with nature in this case.
Migratory birds (names for children) are capercaillie, pika, woodpecker, hazel grouse, black grouse, crossbill, jay, titmouse and many others.
Nomadic birds themselves determine whether they fly to the southern countries or not. This decision depends on the weather conditions in your home area. If the winter promises to be warm, then jackdaws, siskins, smurfs, bullfinches, nuthatches and other representatives of the group in question will be happy to spend the winter in their homeland. And if they feel the severity of the approaching season, then they will undoubtedly fly away to warmer climes (for example, a sparrow will most likely remain on its territory if its place of residence is the European part of Russia; in the case of Central Asia, it will fly away to distant India) .
Principles of flight of the considered birds
Thanks to the development of science, a considerable amount of information about bird flights has been collected. In this section, you should find out how birds orient themselves and how flocks are formed during the flight.
For the absolute navigation of the creatures under consideration during long-distance flights, the guidance of the earth's magnetic field takes place. That is, the starling can return from the southern countries to its homeland only thanks to the awareness of the direction of the north magnetic pole, in addition, it is able to freely determine its location, as well as the direction necessary for the return.
The formation of a flock occurs in a very interesting way, since the dynamics of its light and dark elements plays a central role in this process. The fact is that birds thus maintain a certain level of density necessary to collect the necessary information from their neighbors through signs and actions developed at the gene level.
Migratory birds. Names for children. Rook as the most famous inhabitant of the sky of this group
Of the huge variety of migratory birds, the rook occupies a special place. That is why the people call him the herald of winter. This inhabitant of the sky arrives by mid-March, and leave their native lands only in late autumn (late October or early November).
An interesting feature of rooks is the ability to imitate human speech, and this is one of the reasons why it is so revered in society. Length adult bird is approximately 45 centimeters, but the weight of you varies from 310 to 490 grams. Visually, the rook resembles a crow, but its difference is in the relative harmony and surface of the feathers, which is endowed not only with a black color, but also with a purple tint.
Very thin, yet straight. Such a device allows him to freely obtain food from all kinds of places (for example, they can easily afford to get food from under the ground). In nutrition, rooks are not picky at all, they eat earthworms, rodents, and so on.
As for the benefit to society that the birds in question bring, it is undoubtedly great, because rooks are active eaters of flora pests. Among such caterpillars, bugs, rodents and others. And this is another reason why people are crazy about rooks.
Swallow as one of the most common migratory birds
Most likely, in the absence of evidence, no one would have thought that such a small and fragile bird could travel great distances. But this is true, in addition, the swallow process is carried out twice a year. Although it should be noted that the flight for her is a great danger, which is why the swallow often does not reach its destination (the whole flock may die). As a rule, this alignment happens in adverse weather conditions.
The bird in question looks truly flawless, because its elongated wings and a clear cut of the tail do their job. It is important to note that the swallow is a perfect inhabitant of the sky, because this bird is rarely seen on the ground. Interestingly, during the flight, she can sleep, eat and even mate.
The species diversity of swallows is very wide: in nature there are about 120 species. These inhabitants of the sky quickly get used to new conditions, which is why they can be found everywhere, except for Australia and Antarctica. Swallows feed exclusively on insects, getting them out of the ground or finding them in the bark of trees.
Nightingale and the nature of his life
As can be seen from the article, all migratory birds (names for children can be found in the process of reading) have fundamental differences. The last candidate for consideration is the nightingale, popularly known as a great singer.
Why does the nightingale sing? The fact is that directly in the course of this process, the bird completely forgets about all the dangers that threaten it. She simply puts her wings down and enjoys her art (it would be great if a person could get the same result from singing!).
In winter, this inhabitant of the sky flies in the direction of North Africa, and in the spring it returns. As a rule, in mid-April there is already an opportunity to observe the nightingale, because it is at this time that the first insects appear - and the bird can fully eat. The nightingale weighs quite a bit, only 25 grams, and its color is very dark with a brownish-gray tint. That is why the bird looks miniature, and you can’t even believe that it is capable of long-distance flights.
For all of us, it has long been known that many birds from the northern latitudes fly south to warmer climes with the onset of winter. However, there are also wintering birds that remain in Russia. It will be useful for children to find out which birds winter in our country. The presentation “Wintering Birds” will help introduce kids to these species. Here you will find photos showing the wintering birds of Russia.
Presentation
Click on the image below to download the presentation
Picture posters
Who stays in Russia for the winter?
This question will be relevant already for children of kindergarten and school age. The presentation and photos presented in it will help to navigate this material not only for the guys, but also for their mentors. Pictures not only show what wintering birds look like, but also give their names and brief information. In addition, kids will be able to find out what migratory and wintering birds live on our territory, in particular, wintering birds of the Moscow region are presented here.
On the territory of Russia lives great amount birds. Many stay for the winter, and some fly to us from other countries. Photos and pictures will help the guys not only get to know theoretical information, but practically distinguish, going for a walk, which birds winter, and which, on the contrary, fly to us in snowy winters.
Poster: "Let's help the wintering birds"
How can we help birds in winter?
What can and cannot be fed?
Of course, not all children will go out into the forest in winter to admire the birds that stay in Russia for the winter. Photos and pictures in the presentation, as well as children's mentors, teachers, should not aim to teach kids to clearly distinguish all types of birds in nature. So, everyone saw the titmouse and bullfinches. But few children and even adults know that these are sedentary birds: they live in the forest, and in winter they fly to the city to feed themselves. Wintering birds are the pigeons known to us, which we feed in parks and squares. On this, as a rule, the knowledge of children about birds ends. Photos and pictures are intended to expand the children's ideas about the nature around them. As for the birds flying to warmer climes, the existing ideas of the guys here are very limited. Few people can name at least two or three species of migratory birds. However, everyone watched the swallows and rooks in the summer and probably saw these representatives of the migratory brethren. The presentation will help to bring together the existing knowledge, streamline them.
Related picture cards
It is better to acquaint children with this information on the eve of the onset of winter or with the beginning of spring. In the first case, it is possible to observe the departure of birds in nature and see which wintering birds remain in Russia. After looking at the illustrations, children will be able to recognize many of them. In the second case, one can observe which of the birds returns from warm countries to breed on our territory. You can study this material in detail with children throughout the winter, so that by spring the children have clear, well-formed knowledge.
In the cold season, it is important for many birds to feed themselves. But there is a lot of snow outside the window, and the birds cannot find food in the snowdrifts. In order not to die, birds fly to warm lands.
Wintering and migratory birds: a brief summary for children
Rook. Kind of crow. In the north it is a migratory bird, in the southern countries it is a settled bird. Rooks nest in large colonies. In large settlements, the rook is a common wintering bird.
Stork. One of the most famous migratory birds for children. Prefers to avoid people, lives in the forest zone of Eurasia.
Nightingale. Lives in river valleys, in bushes, a very small migratory bird, flies to Africa for wintering.
Sparrow. This mobile small bird remains to winter with the person. Sparrow is very fond of bread crumbs, but is wary of people who feed him.
Titmouse. This is a wandering bird. Depending on the season, it can hibernate or move from place to place in search of food.
Magpie. A sedentary bird from the crows, often lives near a person.
Migratory and wintering birds: pictures
Tasks for the baby
Find the migratory birds in the picture and circle them.
Read the names of birds. Which of them winter in your city?
Show how the birds, fluffed up in the frost, sit.
Migratory and wintering birds: presentation
- The rooks like to follow in large flocks the tractor plowing the land.
- The magpie is the only bird (and not a mammal) that can recognize itself in a mirror. For comparison, the parrot does not recognize itself in the mirror, but takes its own reflection for another parrot.
- A migratory bird, the pink gull, which lives in Greenland and in the north-east of Siberia, does not fly to the South when frost sets in, but flies to the North. This is due to the fact that the coast of the Arctic Ocean is not completely covered with ice, and pink gulls can overwinter there, feeding on crustaceans and fish.
- There are pigeons that cannot fly. This breed is called salon roller.
- Raven and crow - this is completely different birds rather than male and female. The raven is about 10 cm longer than the raven.
- Some storks periodically fall asleep during the flight. A tired bird moves to the center of the key, closes its eyes and dozes for about 10 minutes. At this time, acute hearing helps the stork to keep the height and direction of flight. The black swift can also fall asleep during the flight.
- Birds do not have sweat glands, and the feathered temperature is 8 degrees higher than that of humans. Three-quarters of the air inhaled by birds goes to cool the body. But in winter, some birds do not freeze like a person.
- Birds fly in wedges so that each individual can save their energy. Each feathered one flies after its neighbor, getting into air flow created by the wings of the previous individual. In this case, the leader is the hardest of all - this is the most enduring individual, flying ahead of the whole flock.
- Swifts and pigeons can reach speeds of about 300 km / h, gulls can accelerate to about 160 km / h.
- The condor is the largest bird among those that can fly. It weighs about 15 kg, and its wingspan is up to three meters.
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