Any large enterprise needs a set of documentation, which will streamline and justify the company's policy, indicate the turnover, the number of premises, their purpose, as well as equipment. All data on production cycles and procedures for carrying out any work - economic, industrial, secondary - should be summarized in one section of the entire project - subsection "TX".
In this article, we will talk about technological solutions, what they are, and what place they occupy in the process of designing buildings for industrial purposes.
Section "TX" - its place in the project
In order for the operation of the building to be purposeful, fully justified, and also economically profitable, it is necessary to plan in advance what areas are needed for each workshop and procedure. Even the place for technical waste and the regularity of garbage collection, its estimated daily rate and other parameters are of great importance.
So that there are no unpredictable requirements in the process of using the building, it is required to submit a production work plan in advance - the volume of goods, storage of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products, storage areas, product storage conditions and many other factors. This will make the project as user-friendly as possible.
The task of technological design of enterprises is the combination of building codes with the actual working conditions of the plant. This means that the process of drawing the floors of buildings will be directly regulated by the "TX" section.
Thus, OTP, that is, the main technical solutions, are developed at the stage of pre-project preparation. This allows, at the time of project creation, to take into account the need for certain engineering systems, for example, to equip several refrigerator rooms for storing perishable products. Also, the development of OTP helps to save labor resource and material resources, since with a pre-considered configuration of the premises and installation of equipment, reconstruction will not be required. If this section is not implemented in the documentation, then it may happen that a month after the completion of the building, you will have to redo it - move rooms, equip mechanisms, and so on.
In addition, TX is required not only for the construction of a new building, but also for the remodeling, extension of an already functioning enterprise. This information will help to carry out the procedure for creating a project according to state construction standards and further operation.
Goals and objectives of technological design
Since all the activities of engineers in the preparation of this section are aimed at combining two processes - the material and functional benefits from the structure, the following set of tasks is usually distinguished:
- The most efficient use of usable area and usually unused space. For example, some engineering systems, such as ventilation, can be carried out under the ceiling, and a number of others can be combined in single moves.
- Ensuring the load volume of all equipment so that there are no interruptions in the production process. This is done by preliminary calculation of jobs and machines involved in one production cycle.
- Possibility of plant expansion. Studies are being carried out, thanks to which you can get an approximate forecast - after which time you can expect the modernization or reconstruction of the entire project.
- Organization of the flow of raw materials, semi-finished products and finished products to premises and workshops. It is easier in this regard with liquid, bulk substances, chemicals, since pipelines are being developed for them. Also, the complex of technological design for transportation may include conveyor belts, lifting mechanisms, as well as the laying of railway rails in the case of transportation between large departments of a significant amount of daily goods.
- Coordination of the project and passing the examination in government bodies. One of the goals of the "TX" section is to check the entire project package for compliance with norms, state standards, as well as joint ventures and SNiPs for the construction of individual elements of the building. All structures are taken into account - the building itself and the construction site, the laying of all engineering systems, the need to work with heavy equipment, workplace safety, sanitary working conditions and much more.
- Appropriate use of the structural characteristics of the building for production purposes. The configuration of the premises, the location of warehouses, the need for garages and hangars for equipment, as well as the requirements for strengthening the foundation for large-sized equipment, and much more are taken into account. Simply put, TX puts before the designer certain conditions, for example, so that a warehouse with raw materials is located above the processing workshop, and a communication channel is established between them, etc.
- Accounting for the possibility of carrying out fire, environmental and other measures to protect people and the environment in the building, taking into account the type of production. If natural resources are involved in the manufacturing process, for example, water from a nearby reservoir, then the requirements will also include the development of a zone for filtering and cleaning the liquid from impurities when returning to the river, and if this is not possible due to significant pollution, then technical settling tanks are provided.
- Selection of equipment for work. What machines, in what quantity are needed to implement the production cycle. Assessment of their economic payback.
The list of these tasks can be continued for as long as there are many elements of construction and items for ensuring the activity of labor in one plant.
The activity of an engineer in the design of technological objects
In the process of developing the "TX" section in the project, the specialist solves the following problems that may occur at the time of construction or already during the operation period:
- Implementation of the scheme for the accessibility of the approach to engineering networks. This is especially true for access points to electrical panels, automated points, that is, those nodes that require regular maintenance. Also, when designing, the rules for laying paths are observed, the absence of enclosing structures to communication lines. The TX plan also describes the frequency after-sales service and possible elements that will be required for replacement.
- The project of engineering systems is completely created. Especially at this stage it concerns power consumption. Calculations are made of the optimal amount of electricity that will be consumed daily. Since this is a pre-design stage, the drawing of wiring diagrams has not yet been carried out, but a preliminary plan may be required - what lines of tension and current strength are required for certain objects. For example, high-voltage cables are needed to operate machines in one workshop, while the adjacent room does not require high voltages.
- Design of household premises.
- Taking into account the requirements for personal hygiene of employees, as well as for their safety. This applies primarily to the type of lighting that is required for a certain type of work. According to the law, different industries, and even different stages, require different amounts of light. So you can determine in advance which workshops need bright artificial lamps, and where the classic combined option is enough - a natural stream of light from windows and ceiling lighting equipment.
Also, the activity of an engineer in the development of the "TX" section affects the implementation of all of the above tasks, this helps to make a preliminary design of the entire object. It is most convenient to do this on a computer software from ZWSOFT. All programs have convenient tools, a library of elements, dynamic blocks. This makes the work of an engineer much easier, since it is possible to schematically draw up a plan, and during the design stage in detail, in the same software, draw up drawings of the object itself and all the engineering systems inside.
Initial data for the development of a technological production project, the place of OTP in design
We have already said that this is a pre-project stage, that is, the creation of a section is a collection useful information about the object being designed before the construction decisions are exposed. It should be noted that it is possible to develop TX both during the construction of a new facility, and during the modernization, reconstruction of an old, operating enterprise.
The second option is much more difficult, since it requires all previous construction plans, an analysis of the real situation, existing processes, and taking into account the dissatisfaction that arose during the work. Then the engineer will summarize all the received data, compare them with the new received tasks and directions of the plant, and propose ways of modernization that do not require capital construction.
Thus, the goal of a specialist at the time of reorganization of the enterprise is to carry it out with minimal changes in terms of the construction of new premises, refurbishment. Thus, the place of OTR in design is data preparation. But before developing a section, you need to operate with the following information:
- functional purpose of the building - production, storage, transportation of substances, processing of raw materials or other purposes;
- a brief description of plan - number of floors, number of parking spaces, total area, the number of employees (or visitors, if it is a commercial or public facility);
- economic and engineering justification of the project;
- compliance of the main design solutions with state norms and standards.
Also, in the process of an engineer's work, he may need any information from already developed pages - these are the sections "GP", "KR", "AR".
Basic documents of technological design of construction processes
In the process of activity, the specialist relies on modern state standards, legislative documents for the construction of buildings, laying engineering networks, security and sanitary norms employees, etc. Here is the main list of regulatory documents:
- SP 2.2.1.1312-03 "Hygienic requirements for the design of newly built and reconstructed industrial enterprises».
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 No. No. 87 "On the composition of sections project documentation and requirements for their content.
- the federal law dated 30.03.1999 No. 52-FZ. "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population."
- SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96 "Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises".
- SanPiN 2.2.4.1191-03 "Electromagnetic fields in production conditions".
- SNiP 31-06-2009 "Public buildings and structures".
- SNiP 2.09.04-87 "Administrative and domestic buildings".
- SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures".
- Guideline R 2.2.2006-05 "Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of working environment factors and labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions.
- SanPiN 2.2.1/2.1.1.1278-03 "Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings."
Stages of technological design of production
- Collection and analysis of initial data.
- Performing technical calculations on the number of equipment and jobs.
- Selection of the layout scheme and development of the plan.
- Analysis of cargo flows.
- Development of machine layout and specifications.
- Preparation of tasks for the development of engineering and construction solutions.
- Preparation and issuance of project documentation.
All steps must be carried out in the appropriate software. Consider the options.
Computer-aided design systems from ZWSOFT
The company "ZVSOFT" offers high-quality programs for compiling the "TX" section, as well as for further work on the project. All software supports both graphic and text formats. - an analogue of "AutoCAD", but according to reasonable price and with an attractive licensing system. Features:
- Creation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects.
- Using dynamic blocks.
- 3D visualization.
- Built-in calculator.
- The function of copying object properties.
- Dynamic input. And much more.
Also, the functionality of the program can be extended using modules:
- – lightweight design of engineering systems, laying traces, designation of all nodes and intersections.
- – automated filling of design and working documentation based on the requirements of GOST, SP, SNiP.
- - preparation of drawings in accordance with state standards, auto-generation of specifications, summary of statistical tables.
Make your work with the project easier with the programs from ZVSOFT.
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is a set of measures to harmonize architectural, space-planning, structural and engineering design solutions with the functional purpose of the building and the features of the technological processes implemented in the designed building. At the stage of development of the "TX" section, the specialists of the "PNProject" company lay the foundation for the effective functioning of the capital construction object.
According to the Government Decree of February 16, 2008 No. 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content”, the subsection “Technological solutions” is part of the section “Information on engineering equipment, on networks of engineering and technical support, a list of engineering and technical measures , content technological solutions". Ready-made technological solutions are subject to independent expert evaluation.
The development of technological solutions is carried out in parallel with architectural and structural solutions, since these sections are interrelated: the architecture and structural characteristics of the building affect the efficiency of the implementation of technological processes. The final clarification of architectural solutions is carried out only after the full approval of the TX section. Thus, all design decisions are linked into a single coordinated system with one goal - to design a smoothly functioning object.
Technological solutions are developed for the following objects:
General principle for the development of technological solutions
At the stage of technological design, PNProject specialists perform volume-spatial modeling of the premises of the building, taking into account the peculiarities of technological processes of various nature. The technological process in this case is a broad concept, the essence of which depends on the specifics of the construction object. For example, for manufacturing enterprise- this is the process of manufacturing products, for hotel complexes - the process of serving guests, for shopping and entertainment centers - a whole range of operations related to providing efficient operation outlets and entertainment facilities, for medical and recreational enterprises - the sequence of therapeutic measures and the provision of processes medical equipment and drugs.
Technological solutions have a direct impact on the placement of engineering networks for water supply, sewerage, ventilation, air conditioning, power supply, and heating. Process engineer issues technical task for the development of an engineering communications project. Also, based on the results of the development of the "TX" section, the refinement and final optimization of structural and architectural solutions is carried out. Architects and technologists of our company actively interact with each other to achieve the highest quality result. In the process of developing technological solutions, geodetic and geological parameters of the site, linking the object to engineering communications and the road network are taken into account.
Initial data for the development of technological solutions
- Terms of reference for design;
- General plan;
- Architectural solutions;
- Structural and space-planning solutions.
The composition of the section "Technological solutions": explanatory note
The subsection of the draft brand "TX" includes an explanatory note with the rationale for the adopted design decisions. For example, when designing industrial enterprises, the text part provides information about production processes and products. The features of the technological scheme of the enterprise are considered, the requirements relating to the organization of production, information on the complexity of performing technological operations are given. The need for energy resources to meet basic production needs is substantiated.
A description of the ways of moving raw materials, consumables and finished products is given. A number of justifications are formulated regarding the development of a technological scheme, the choice of types and number of units of basic equipment, mechanisms, Vehicle And automated systems. Special attention is given to the development of a set of measures to ensure safe work at hazardous production facilities. If necessary, the text part is supplemented with certificates and permits confirming the compliance of technological processes with safety requirements.
IN explanatory note the estimated number and qualification composition of personnel, the number of jobs with a description of their technical equipment for various groups production processes. For all building objects without exception, the obligatory stage of the "TX" section is the development of measures to comply with the requirements of labor and environmental protection, fire safety. The text part provides calculations of the volume of harmful emissions into water bodies and the atmosphere, lists measures to minimize such emissions. Provides information about the type, hazard class and amount of waste and methods of their disposal.
The graphic part of the "TX" subsection
The graphic part of the "TX" subsection includes technological schemes for the layout of premises and the placement of technological equipment. Layout diagrams indicating the areas of the main zones are accompanied by explications of the premises. In accordance with the requirements of the TOR, the engineer performs zoning of the premises indicating the locations of the technological equipment. The drawings indicate the overall dimensions of the equipment, mounting bindings and the width of the passages, calculated based on the requirements of safety and production efficiency. Schematic diagrams of technological processes are displayed indicating the way of moving the production object at all stages - from the receipt of raw materials to the manufacture of finished products. The plans indicate the places of installation of vehicles, placement of control sections. The graphic part is accompanied by the specification of technological equipment.
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