How to paint a wooden spoon under Khokhloma yourself. Russian wooden spoon. Like a musical instrument

On the places of production and sales markets for turned wooden utensils in the 16th - early 17th centuries. give a lot of material income-expenditure books, acts and inventories of the property of monasteries. It can be seen from them that the quitrent peasants of the Volokolamsk, Trinity-Sergius, Kirilo-Belozersky monasteries, artisans of the Kaluga and Tver provinces, townsmen of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas were engaged in the development of wooden turning utensils.

By the end of the XVIII century. the production of wooden turning utensils became massive. Russian artisans created truly perfect forms: staves, stavers, brothers, dishes, bowls, goblets, cups, glasses. The craftsmanship, passed on by inheritance, was improved by the creativity of each generation.

1 - brother; 2 - bowl; 3, 4 - dishes; 5, 6 - cups; 7 - glass; 8 - cup; 9 - staker; 10 - stake.

Of the individual dishes, the most common was a stavets - a deep vessel like a bowl with a flat tray and a three-dimensional lid. Some of them had curly handles. The stakes were of different sizes: stakes, stakes and stakers. Stavets and stavchiki were used as dinnerware. Large stakes served as storage for smaller dishes and bread products.

The festive table was decorated with brothers, dishes, plates, goblets, cups, feet. A bratina - a medium-sized spherical vessel with a small neck on top and a rim slightly bent outward - was always made on a pallet. Bratina served to serve drinks on the table. On dishes and plates with wide edges, flat sides and round trays or reliefs, pies, meat, fish, and sweets were served on the table.

The most common type of dish among the peasants was a bowl - a hemispherical vessel with a straight rim, a flat low tray or a small round relief. A salt shaker was an indispensable accessory of every table. Turned salt shakers are small, capacious vessels with a low, stable base, with or without a lid.

Stozharov Vladimir Still life with mountain ash

Khokhloma dishes

Great popularity since the 19th century. Khokhloma dishes began to be used, which were made in large quantities in the Semenovsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod province. It could be found not only in Russia, but also in the countries of the East.

popularity Khokhloma dishes industrial exhibitions contributed: in 1853 it was first shown at a domestic exhibition, and in 1857 - at a foreign one.

Over the centuries, certain types of wooden utensils have been developed and improved in this craft, distinguished by the noble simplicity of the silhouette, the severity of proportions, and the absence of pretentious details that crush the shape. Modern masters, using the best traditions of the past, continue the manufacture of wooden utensils, which are both household items and a magnificent home decoration.

Russian wooden spoons.

An ancient spoon, which apparently had a ritual purpose, was found in the Gorbunovsky peat bog in the Urals. It has an elongated, egg-shaped scoop and a curved handle ending in a bird's head, which gives it the image of a floating bird.

In Novgorod the Great, there were many varieties of wooden spoons. For example, spoons with a small, as if raised on a scallop, flat handle. Novgorod craftsmen decorated them with carvings and paintings. Ornament - braid, made in the technique of contour carving, was applied with belts to the handle and framed the blade. In the Russian North in the XVII century. Vologda onion spoons made in the Vologda region were known, as well as shadra spoons with bones, indigenous ones with bones or spoons inlaid with bone, walrus tusk.

1, 2 - simple spoons. XIII centuries; 3, 4, 5 - travel spoons, X, XI, XVI centuries.

Each nationality of our country has its own forms of spoons, but the most famous are spoons made in the Volga-Vyatka region. There are more than forty varieties of them, only in the Gorky region they made and are making ladles, rubbing spoon, salad, fishing, thin, mezheumok, half bass, Siberian, children's, mustard, jam spoon, etc.

The production of spoons has already been a well-established, branched production in the past. In some villages, blanks were made, the so-called fragments or buckwheat. In a small stump with slightly hewn edges, expanding in the part that should become a scoop, a spoon was hardly guessed. In other villages, lozhkars used a rough adze to gouge out a recess, which was then completely removed with a chisel-hook. With a confident movement of the knife, they cut off the excess from the handle, giving it a slight bend, and the spoon was ready.

Russian wooden ladles

Today, several types of traditional Russian ladles are known: Moscow, Kozmodemyansk, Tver, Yaroslavl-Kostroma, Vologda, Severodvinsk, etc.

Moscow ladles, made of burl with a beautiful pattern of texture, are characterized by bowls of a clear, even exquisite boat-shaped shape with a flat bottom, a pointed spout and a short horizontal handle. Burlap dishes were often made in a silver frame.

Kozmodemyansk ladles were hollowed out of linden. Their shape is boat-shaped and very close to the shape of Moscow ladles, but they are much deeper and larger in volume. Some of them reached the capacity of two or three, and sometimes four buckets. The handle is flat horizontal with a constructive addition of a purely local nature - a slotted loop at the bottom. Kozmodemyansk is also characterized by small scoops, which served to scoop drinks from large bucket ladles. They are predominantly boat-shaped, with a rounded, slightly flattened bottom. Almost vertically set, running from the bottom, a multi-tiered handle in the form of an architectural structure is decorated with a through carving, ending with the image of a horse, less often a bird.

Stozharov Vladimir Still life Linen

Tver ladles are hollowed out from a tree root. Keeping basically the shape of a rook, they are more elongated in width than in length, which makes them appear flattened. The nose of the ladle, as usual for boat-shaped vessels, is raised up and ends with two or three horse heads, for which the Tver ladles were called "grooms". The handle of the bucket is straight faceted, the upper face, as a rule, is decorated with ornamental carvings.

The dippers of the Yaroslavl-Kostroma group have a deep rounded, sometimes flattened boat-shaped bowl, the edges of which are slightly bent inwards. In earlier ladles, the bowl is raised on a low pallet. Their handles are carved in the form of a figured loop, the nose is in the form of a cock's head with a sharp beak and beard.

Vologda scoops are designed for scooping up drinks from large scoops. They are characterized by a boat-shaped shape and a round spherical bottom, they were hung on a large ladle. Hook-shaped handles were decorated with carved ornaments in the form of ducks.

1 - burl boat-shaped Moscow bucket; 2 - a large Kozmodemyansky ladle; 3 - Kozmodemyansk buckets-scoops; 4 - Tver bucket "groom"; 5 - ladle of the Yaroslavl-Kostroma type; 6 - Vologda ladle; 7 - Severodvinsk skopkar; 8 - Tver valley; 9 - Severodvinsk valley.

In the Russian North, skopkari ladles were carved from the root of a tree. Skopkar is a boat-shaped vessel, similar to a ladle, but having two handles, one of which is necessarily in the form of a bird's or horse's head.

Severodvinsk skopkari were also cut from the root. They have a clear boat-shaped shape, handles, processed in the form of a head and tail of a waterfowl, and in all their appearance they resemble a waterfowl.

Stozharov Vladimir still life

Along with ladles and skopkars, valleys or "yands" were decorations of the festive table. Endova - a low bowl with a sock for draining. Large valleys held up to a bucket of liquid. Tver and Severodvinsk variants are known. The best Tver valleys are carved from burl. They are a bowl on an oval or cubic pallet with a spout in the form of a trough and a handle. The endova of the Severodvinsk type has the shape of a round bowl on a low base, with slightly bent edges, with a half-open toe in the form of a groove, sometimes figuratively carved.

Stozharov Vladimir. Still life. Bro and garlic

The initial processing was carried out with an ax, the depth of the vessel was hollowed out with an adze, then leveled with a scraper. The final external processing was carried out with a cutter and a knife.

Despite the fact that the modern age is the age of plastic and metal, dishes and other household utensils are still made of wood. There are several reasons for this. In our unprofessional opinion, there are at least two of them. The first is environmental friendliness and the second, of course, is a tribute to traditions. In Rus', from ancient times, dishes were made from wood and clay. Therefore, when you pick up a “handmade” thing painted by a master, the sensations, of course, differ from factory stamping. But, paradoxically, this article will focus on modern craft items - Khokhloma spoons, which are also made in factories.

Are there fakes at all?

Good question - can there be a fake at all for a product that has historically been made at home? No, of course there were special workshops, but in them, too, not CNC machines did everything, but there were turner-masters and artists-craftswomen and everything with handles, handles. How to find the original in such conditions? How to understand that this is a branded thing, and this is a craft on the knee?

We will reveal to you a great secret. At the moment, Khokhloma wooden spoons are made in factories, which in fact are really a small artel of craftsmen, and in home workshops (garage, household plot). Therefore, in principle, such products cannot be divided into “original” and “fake”, but must be divided into “factory” and “home-made”. Naturally, they will differ both in appearance and in price.

Looking for differences

So, let's look at the "factory" spoon. Here she is:

Beauty, isn't it? We also add that she can eat without fear for her health, since the products of artels are usually certified. And now, answer your question - you can distinguish it outwardly from this one:

An unprepared person will never immediately determine the difference in appearance- especially since the price of products varies at times. The factory one costs two, and sometimes three times more.

Let's take a closer look at them together and try to still find the difference!

The difference in forms is immediately striking - the factory one is more round, and the home one is oblong. But that's not the point, the preparation is just different. The main difference lies in the subtlety of the drawing. Let's take a closer look:

The twigs and patterns on the golden petals are made with a thinner brush. And the very number of patterns on a factory spoon is much larger - compare, for example, seeds on strawberries on both spoons. The stems are drawn, the flower on the factory spoon is more filled.

Now let's go down a little lower and look at the handle. A slight unevenness of the homemade spoon immediately catches the eye.

On the left, the handle is machined, and on the right, the handle is carved, hand-carved by a craftsman and a little crooked. It's good or bad - it's up to you, but we prefer to call it - a feature :)

As soon as we take a closer look at a homemade spoon, we can see the facts proving its homemade, not factory origin.

Look at the place where the red arrow points. See a small oblong speck? This is the place where the spoon was placed after varnishing or painting. Those. the master painted the spoon and simply laid it on the table. In the factory, where all those processes are debugged, where there is quality control, this is not possible.

Notable craftswomen work at the factory. By the way, nothing prevents them from painting spoons at home, after work. Or, having filled your hand at the enterprise, create your own production.

But back to our beauties. Remember, in the boxes of chocolates there was such a piece of paper with the inscription "Packer No. 5"? There is also a technical control department at Khokhloma enterprises. But how to understand which artist painted a particular spoon if thousands of them are made every month? With your copyright:

There are several artists working at the factory, so the “signature” on the spoons will be different, but its very presence speaks of the factory origin of the product.

In addition to all the above differences, there is one more thing: a large organization takes care of labeling its products. Therefore, a label on the original spoon with the name of the manufacturer and even possibly with a barcode will also be a distinctive feature!

And last but not least, the price. A factory spoon should cost at least 100 rubles (as of the date of writing the article) for any retailer. There are, of course, individual fruits that can take so much for a clumsy “nigella”, but most sellers are now still focused on a regular buyer.

If you can't see the difference, why pay more?

We hope we have helped you understand this issue and you can easily decide when buying. Let's take a look at them again:

Are they so different? In addition, upon closer examination, we managed to find flaws on the factory Khokhloma spoon

Well, this is just understandable - a factory, a factory, but the painting is still manual, the master's hand trembled :) If we consider the purpose of the objects, then everything becomes clearer. If you need spoons, for example, for playing or for honey, does it make sense to pay extra for a brand name?

Products used in the article:

You will find all wooden spoons on our website in this section of the catalog.

Other products from Khokhloma

Date of adding the article 24.04.2018

Russian craftsmen have always been famous for their mastery of artistic woodcarving. For centuries, from generation to generation, they have passed on the secrets of their ability to make wooden spoons. The Russian word "spoon", according to scientists, comes from the word "log" - a ravine, a deepening.

She captivates everyone with her unique color. For the manufacture of wooden spoons, environmentally friendly materials are used: linden, aspen, maple, mountain ash, so using wooden spoons is good for health. wooden spoons do not spoil the taste of cooked food.

The history of the wooden spoon dates back ten centuries ago. In each country, spoons were made using different materials: wood, ivory, shells, bronze and silver. In Russia, until the 18th century, wooden spoons were used. Dahl's dictionary contains an interpretation of the names of spoons: boska, mezheumok, blunt, draft, nosed, butyrka, white, semi-boska, thin and other names. For the first time, "Russian wooden spoons" are mentioned in the "Tale of Bygone Years" in 996.

Spoons began to be painted much later, starting in the 19th century. Creating such a spoon, it was necessary to perform 52 operations. A wooden spoon was hewn from a baklusha with an axe, then with an adze, planed with a knife and cut with a curved cutter, and the handle and forging were processed with a hand saw. Wooden spoons were decorated with carvings and painted patterns.

History of Khokhloma

The most famous type of painting in Russia is Khokhloma. Probably, there is no person who has not seen Khokhloma painted wooden spoons or a casket, a tray in his life. Everyone will be interested to know where this unusually beautiful painting came from.

In ancient times, in the forests of the Volga region, not far from the village of Khokhloma, Novgorod province, the first settlers were fugitives who took refuge here from the persecution of the landowners' oppression for the "old faith". Some of them were icon painters and masters of manuscript miniatures. Infertile lands made it impossible for the peasants to feed themselves, and the refugees began to apply their skills by painting wooden dishes made by local craftsmen. Such a painting, unknown to the village, wonderfully adorned modest wooden kitchen utensils. The colors sparkled with golden and red sunbeams. The fame of such festive dishes spread not only throughout the district, but also gained fame throughout Rus'.

Each craftsman had his own specifics, but the products were made by hand. After all, making wooden spoons is not an easy process. First you need to cut out a wooden blank of the future spoon, then dry it, cover it with a thin layer of clay and soak it with flax oil. The highlight of such a painting is that not gold, but silver powder is applied to the tree, on top of which a drawing is made. Then the products are varnished and hardened in an oven at high temperature. As a result, a honey-golden color appears, characteristic only of Khokhloma.

For painting products, either a black and red pattern on a gold background or a gold ornament on a red, green, black background is used. In the murals of Khokhloma, artists depict plant forms in the form of bright red rowan berries, strawberries, and flowers; fish, birds, and animals are also found. Flexible, wavy stems with leaves, berries and flowers adorn the surface of the spoons, giving them a unique elegant look.

It is impossible now to say who and when came up with the idea to turn ordinary spoons into a percussion instrument, but for a long time they have become the simplest, most colorful and popular national instrument of Russians.

The first information about the use of spoons as a musical instrument appeared at the end of the 18th century. Some researchers believe that the Russians began to use spoons in music in imitation of the Spanish castanets, because they can make pure sounds when touched.

Spooners use a set of 3 or 5 spoons of different sizes to play. Sounds are produced by hitting the back of two scoops. Usually the performer plays with three spoons, laying two between the fingers of his left hand, and takes the third in his right hand, hitting his hand or knee. Often bells are attached to spoons. This property of wooden products has been appreciated by musicians all over the world. Now there are schools of playing on wooden spoons.

Souvenir wooden spoons

Since ancient times, it has been known about the ability of a tree to rid people of accumulated negative energy. Wooden souvenirs bring harmony and comfort to the house. Of course, bright painted spoons immediately attract attention. Therefore, even today Russian wooden spoons are the most popular souvenir among foreign tourists. They can tell a lot about the amazing Russian craftsmen who have kept ancient secrets. This spoon is a wonderful souvenir gift for friends and family.

Wooden spoons are a reflection of the originality of our Russian culture and its cultural traditions. Wooden spoons came to us from time immemorial, charming everyone with their originality and color.

Wooden spoons are also good because they can be used for their intended purpose. Food will become a hundred times tastier and more aromatic if it is eaten with wooden spoons. In addition, if you use a wooden spoon during a meal, you will never be able to burn yourself with hot food. This has been tested in practice - after wooden spoons, it is very difficult to eat with iron ones.

This is a wonderful custom that should not be forgotten. Wooden products are not only beautiful - it is an environmentally friendly material. For the manufacture of spoons, wood of an apple tree, linden, mountain ash, oak, etc. was used. Using wooden products is not only safe, but also beneficial for health. No wonder in Rus' from time immemorial they ate from wooden dishes with wooden cutlery and were healthy until old age. Of course, you won’t give such dishes to guests - here everyone has their own spoon.

However, this is not all the advantages of wood products. Wooden spoons can also be used as an excellent musical instrument. When touched, they produce a surprisingly harmonious, clear sound. This property of wooden products was immediately appreciated by musicians all over the world, and now there is a whole school of playing on wooden spoons.

Carving a real Russian wooden spoon is not easy, it requires talent from the craftsman.

Carving wooden souvenirs is a whole art that has been trained for years. First, the carpenter needs to decide on the shape of the spoon: round or oval, flat, voluminous or faceted. Each shape of a wooden spoon corresponds to its purpose. It can be a spoon for pickles, a dessert spoon, a slotted spoon, a spoon for mustard, salt, etc.

The spoon is often decorated with exquisite carvings, sometimes so skillful that you have to examine its individual details through a magnifying glass.

Spoons for rubbing food were not varnished.

And some other types of wooden spoons have a very elegant look. They are painted by hand by real artists, using the ancient technique of writing, then coated with a special varnish.

The “spoon capital” of Russia and the recognized center of the world-famous Khokhloma painting is popularly called the city of Semenov, which is located in the depths of the Kerzhen forests of the Nizhny Novgorod region. Here, the traditional craft of the ancestors, who made wonderful wood chips, is carefully preserved, multiplied and passed down from generation to generation.

In the old days, the spoons and utensils used by the peasants in Rus' were exclusively wooden, as in all European countries, where they ate liquid dishes - soups, cereals. The first mention of Russian spoons is found in The Tale of Bygone Years, which describes a feast at Prince Vladimir. This feast is famous for the fact that the combatants were indignant when they began to regale them not from silver spoons, but from wooden ones. The prince immediately ordered to forge silver ones, according to the legend. However, a wooden spoon existed in Rus' for a long time, despite the fact that the rapid development of metallurgy led to the displacement of wooden objects from everyday life.

Wooden utensils were produced in many places: in Sergiev Posad and Kirillo-Belozersky monasteries, in Moscow, Yaroslavl, Tver, Kostroma and Kaluga lands. But the Trans-Volga, or, as it was also called, Kerzhenskaya, was especially famous. Since ancient times, the inhabitants of villages and villages, stretching along the banks of Kerzhenets and Uzola, rarely managed to grow a rich crop on infertile soddy-podzolic soils, and therefore subsidiary woodworking crafts were the main source of income for the population.

Taken from http://www.hnh.ru/handycraft/Wooden_spoons

Elena Smirnova

The most famous of the species murals in Russia - Khokhloma. There is probably no person who has not seen painted wooden Khokhloma spoons or casket, tray.

wood painting gives an opportunity to get acquainted with the secrets of artistic crafts and develops fine motor skills of hands, their sensitivity. It is pleasant to please both yourself and friends with products of your own work. Painted products can be used as interior decoration, as a gift for the holiday.

Wooden spoons are a reflection of the originality of our Russian culture and its cultural traditions. Wooden spoons came to us from time immemorial, captivating everyone with their uniqueness and color. What a wonderful souvenir gift for your friends and family!

Wooden products are not only beautiful - it is an environmentally friendly material. enjoy wooden products are not only safe, but also beneficial to health. No wonder in Rus' from time immemorial they ate from wooden utensils cutlery and were healthy until old age.

Today I want to share another master - class painting of wooden spoons.

Target: expand the idea of the types of folk arts and crafts, continue to acquaint children with Khokhloma painted on various utensils.

Tasks:

Learn to draw neatly, beautifully arranging the drawing on wooden form.

Develop creativity and imagination spoon painting.

To cultivate a caring attitude and respect for the products of people's labor.

We will need:

- wooden blanks - spoon,

Gouache paints (red, yellow, green, black,

A jar of water; brushes;

Wax crayons.