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Night fell in the forest. Frost tapped on the trunks and branches of thick trees. Light silvery frost fell in flakes from the tops of the spruce. Bright winter stars sparkled in the dark high sky. A frozen branch crunched and broke. The owl shouted. In the thicket something hooted and laughed terribly. Light caresses ran across the diamond tablecloth of snow. Weasel is a small predatory animal from the marten family. An owl flew quietly over the snowdrifts. Like a fairy-tale sentry, a big-headed gray owlet sat down on a bare branch. In the darkness of the night he hears and sees everything.
(According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
Winter has covered the village with fluffy snow. The days were soft and gray. A bird fell from the top of an old fir tree. Silvery frost fell. It settled like white dust on the lilac bush. The stove was crackling in the house. It smelled like smoke. Gusts of strong wind carried the smell of smoke to the river. A group of women walked to the ice hole for water. There is an old gazebo over the steep cliff. Its steps turned gray from frost. We took shovels and cleared the path to the gazebo. The winter sun appeared. Nature has come to life.
Words for reference: it smelled, they cleaned it up.
Met New Year. They took the toys off the tree and took it outside. A trail of dry needles stretched along the smooth path. It was sad to see this.
Winter has passed. The sun began to warm the earth. Puddles appeared on the street. There were Christmas trees on the site in front of the house. It smelled like pine. The whole yard gathered to plant forest beauties. The adults dug holes. The children brought water. Trees were planted. The trees stand on soft ground, like on a down pillow.
Grow up, Christmas trees!
Note. Draw the children's attention to the placement of commas in the title of the dictation, in the last two sentences, as well as to the phraseNew Year.
The weather was terrible. It was late autumn. The autumn wind carried torn wisps of clouds over the ground. Snow began to fall from them. The forest was bare. There was a lonely rowan tree in the clearing. She reached for the sky. Winter birds with bright plumage flew up to the rowan tree. Bullfinches and tits slowly, with a choice, began to peck large berries. They threw back their heads, stretched their necks and swallowed with difficulty. The first traces of snow appeared on the white tablecloth. Winter was coming.
Words for reference: little birds, pulled out.
Our magic key opened the lock of the magic bookcase. We took the book “The Little Humpbacked Horse” off the shelf. This is our favorite fairy tale. It was written by Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov. Ershov learned this tale from storytellers, and then he came up with something himself and told it all in verse. Ershov was born in the Siberian village of Bezrukovo, near Tobolsk. Then he lived in the remote Siberian town of Berezovo. Ershov even saw the harsh Siberian nature as fabulous.
(According to E. Yazykova)
The girl went into the forest to pick berries and met an old woman there. The old lady gave her a magic pot. He cooked delicious, sweet porridge.
One day the girl left home. Mother began to cook porridge. She forgot magic words. And the pot kept cooking and cooking porridge.
Hot porridge flowed like a river down the street. The girl saw this. She ran into the house and said the magic words. The pot stopped cooking.
Those who came from the village ate their way. The porridge was very tasty!
(Based on a fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm)
When you go camping, don't try to take everything with you.
You can get a lot in the forest. If you rub your leg or burn your hand, pick a plantain leaf. Wash it well and apply it to the sore spot. You're out of soap. What should I do? Wash dirty hands with elderberry.
To prevent mosquitoes from bothering you in the forest, pick wormwood, hang it in a hut and place it around your resting place. Mosquitoes don't like its smell.
It was a warm early morning. We went fishing. On the shore, I put a worm on the hook and cast the fishing rod.
One fish grabbed the worm. And here on the hook is a beautiful wide silver fish. She has red eyes, like chum salmon eggs, a black-green back, and pink fins. It turned out to be a roach. Catching fish requires endurance and skill. I examined the fish and put it back into the river.
Live long, fish!
One day something bad happened. The sheep was hit by a car. There was a small fluffy lamb left.
Nadya began to look after the orphan. She fed him milk and treated him to bread. The lamb especially loved cabbage.
Summer has come. Now it was already an adult ram. And what horns! They looked like two huge twisted donuts.
The ram followed the girl all the time, like a dog. He protected her even from boys. Once Nadya went to the cinema, and the ram followed her. The girl entered the hall. And the ram sat down at the door and waited for her.
A true friend!
(According to N. Kuratova)
It was raining in the evening. In the morning, frost grabbed the wet grass. A cold wind settled in the forest. He wandered among the pines, flew from clearing to clearing. The centuries-old spruce trees rustled sadly. I stood at the edge of the forest and listened to the farewell song of the forest. A crane's cry fell from the sky. Why do cranes cry sadly? The birds made a circle over the Volga and flew south.
I remembered songs about cranes. They, like the autumn bird cry, are not cheerful.
(According to I. Vasiliev)
Note. The teacher warns the children about punctuation marks in the last sentence.
Sea buckthorn is included in the long list of medicinal gifts of the forest. In the old days, its leaves and young shoots were fed to war horses. They grew quickly and did well. Sea buckthorn blooms in April and May. The fruits ripen from late August to October. A lot of sea buckthorn is found in the Caucasus, Siberia, and Altai. It grows well near rivers and lakes. Sea buckthorn is also planted in the desert. Try planting sea buckthorn yourself. Near your home you will find joy, vigor, and health.
Words for reference: you will settle at your place.
The leaves on the trees turned yellow and brown. The wind swirls them through the air. Heavy autumn clouds poured snow and hail onto the ground. A raven sat on the fence and croaked from the cold. Ice flakes appeared on the surface of the pond.
Winter has come cold. The ice cracked from the frost. The poor duckling swam on the water without rest. The hole became smaller. The poor thing was exhausted, stretched out and froze to the ice. Early in the morning, a peasant noticed the bird. He took her home.
(According to G. H. Andersen)
Words for reference: frozen, peasant.
In winter the sea froze. Fishermen gathered on the ice to fish. Fisherman Andrey also went. His son Volodya was with him.
We caught a lot of fish. The fishermen decided to spend the night.
At night a strong wind rose. The waves flooded the ice floe. There was only the sea all around.
In the morning, fishermen noticed the plane. They started shouting and waving their hats. Soon the ship arrived. People were saved.
(According to B. Zhitkov)
We pitched tents on a smooth area and stopped for the night. The night passed peacefully. It was early morning. I looked around the area. The snow was white. An eagle is swimming above the mountain slope. The wind whistles in his open wings. A silent shadow slides along the slope.
Forest birds hide in the thicket of branches. The eagle flies from clearing to clearing. The roe deer run away from him in horror. Hares jump into the bushes like balls. There is panic everywhere. The king bird is flying.
Words for reference: wide open, hiding, panic, king bird.
The crew of Pavel Ivanovich Abramov was assigned to guard the crossing. They completed the task, but were unable to cross themselves. They camouflaged the tank on the outskirts of the city and waited. And then a tank with a red star burst into the city captured by the Nazis. The battle went on for almost a day. The soldiers crushed the enemy. The crew fought until the last shell. The enemies, amazed by such courage, trembled. Residents of the city of Rivne remember the glorious tank heroes. A street and a school are named after them.
The first winter day has arrived. We went to the forest lakes. The day seemed to be dozing. Lonely snowflakes fell from the cloudy sky.
We breathed carefully on the white fluff of winter. Snowflakes turned into clear drops of water. Like beads, they rolled to the ground. The forest was light and solemn. We approached familiar places. Flocks of bullfinches sat on a rowan tree. She was covered with snow.
But then thick snow began to fall. The forest became gloomy and quiet. Winter began to rule over the earth.
(According to K. Paustovsky)
Thumbelina lived in the forest all summer. She ate sweet flower honey and drank dew. The baby weaved a cradle from grass. So the summer passed. Autumn has passed. A long, cold winter was approaching. All the birds flew away. The flowers have withered and turned yellow. Thumbelina was shivering from the cold. It is snowing. Each snowflake was for Thumbelina what a whole shovel of snow was for us. Thumbelina covered herself with a dry leaf. The leaf was not warm. Thumbelina decided to leave the forest. She began to look for housing for the winter.
(According to G. H. Andersen)
The river has become. The guys ran to the river. A little boy jumped out onto the ice. He took a dashing ride on the ice. Other children followed the daredevil. Now they are already in the middle of the river. There was a crash. Water came out. The children rushed to the shore like sparrows. The brave souls found themselves up to their necks in water. They screamed and called for help. Men and women were running to the shore. The guys clung to the thin ice with their hands. It broke, crumbled. A worker with a long board crawled towards the guys. He saved them.
Few people live in the far north. Day after day you can drive and not see a person’s habitation. There are no roads - everything is covered with snow. We have to carry people and loads on dogs. Dogs are man's faithful friends. The leader of my team was called Ushko. He had thick fur, a sharp muzzle, erect ears and a bushy tail. Ushko often looked around as he ran, noticing which dog was lazy and running poorly. At a stop, he approached the dog and growled at it.
The weather has changed. By morning the entire area was shrouded in thick, viscous fog. A sharp, freezing wind blew. The frost crackled. And what a beauty it was when the sun rose! The trees and bushes in the garden were all covered with frost. The branches seemed to be covered with shiny white flowers. A radiance seemed to flow from every branch. The weeping birch, swayed by the wind, seemed to come to life. Its long branches with fluffy fringe moved quietly. What a splendor it was! Large diamonds shimmered in the snow.
(According to G. H. Andersen)
On a rowan tree that grew near the fence, a squirrel appeared out of nowhere.
With her tail fluffed, she sat in the fork and looked at the grapes that swayed in the wind on thin branches.
The squirrel ran along the trunk and hung on a branch, swayed and jumped onto the fence. She held a bunch of rowan berries in her mouth. She quickly ran along the fence, and then hid behind a post, sticking out her fluffy, airy tail.
"Fan!" - I remembered. This is what hunters call a squirrel's tail.
(Yu. Koval)
The view of winter nature was wonderful. The rays of the sun showered the entire area with a cold shine. Traces of animals and birds are visible on the tablecloth of snow. The centuries-old spruce trees stood frozen with their heavy heads bowed. A nimble squirrel was jumping from tree to tree. Huge caps of snow were falling from the trees. The forest smelled of resin and pine needles. But then a puffy cloud slowly covered the horizon. Snow began to fall in flakes. We were approaching the village. Dim lights flickered in the windows. The long winter twilight was quickly approaching.
My mother and I lived at the dacha during the winter holidays. It was quiet there. Crows circled around us.
We felt sorry for them all. We started feeding them. The crows fell in love with their mother for feeding them. They flew after her throughout the village.
Mom will come out onto the road. A car speeds along the road, and the crows immediately raise a clamor. They warn mom about the danger.
The holidays are over. We left for Moscow. We came again in the summer. The crows recognized us.
(According to I. Sherstobitov)
There lived funny people. They decided to please Santa Claus with gifts. The little people got into the sleigh and rode along the fairy-tale road.
They meet sad musicians. The musicians' instruments broke. The little people gave them a pipe, a drum, an accordion. A sad snowman sits by the road. He only has a broom in his hands. The cheerful people gave him a Christmas tree. All the gifts were given by the little men. And Santa Claus comes out of the forest. The little people are sad. And Santa Claus tells them: “I know your good deeds, and they are the best gift for me!”
The calf met a hedgehog. The hedgehog curled up into a ball and snorted. The stupid calf jumped up and licked the hedgehog. The needles pricked his tongue painfully.
The calf roared and ran towards the cow. He began to complain to his mother about the hedgehog. The cow raised her head, looked at her son and again began to nibble the grass.
The hedgehog rolled towards his hole. He told the hedgehog that he had defeated the terrible beast.
The fame of the hedgehog’s courage spread beyond the distant lake, beyond the dark forests.
Words for reference: met, curled up, complained, raised, told the hedgehog that.
During the winter holidays, Dima and his mother vacationed with his grandfather in the village. The winter turned out to be blizzard. Dima went skiing and sledding with the guys. Once they made a big snowman. One day Dima observed heavy snowfall. Large flakes of snow swirled smoothly in the air. They quickly covered the ground with a fluffy carpet. Snowdrifts were growing near the house.
Dima loved to be in the winter forest. The forest was light and solemn. He looked for a long time at the beautiful arrangement of spruce and pine trees.
Suddenly it hissed and hissed through the forest. The snow began to drift. The forest began to hum and it became as dark as in the evening. The wind came. The trees swayed. Snowdrifts flew from the spruce paws. Snow began to fall and a blizzard began.
The titmouse calmed down and shrank into a ball. And the wind tears it from the branch, ruffles the feathers and freezes the naked body underneath. Well, the woodpecker let her into his spare hollow, otherwise the titmouse would have disappeared. The blizzard has passed. The sun came out, cheerful and bright!
(According to V. Bianchi)
The guys were building a snow slide in the yard. They watered it well. Kotka didn’t build the slide. He sat at home and looked out the window. The guys left.
Kotka put on his skates and ran to the slide. The slide was slippery. The boy fell. Kotka decided to sprinkle the hill with sand.
The guys came running and began to scold Kotka. He decided to correct his mistake.
The boy began dragging lumps of snow up the hill and pouring water on it. Kotka even made steps. This makes it easier for the kids to climb the hill.
All year round, the children of our school protect the forest. Before the New Year's holiday, they are on duty on the roads. Hundreds of forest beauties were saved from death. In early spring, Russian birch trees are protected from lovers of birch sap.
There are many young plantings in the forest. The seedlings took root, grew stronger, and grew. It is joyful to look at them, moving from clearing to clearing. There are traces of birds and animals on the clean tablecloth of snow. A mouse ran towards the hole. Silence in the forest. Our forest is beautiful! Take care of its beauty.
Words for reference: New Year's, on them.
Without tits, the winter forest seems dead. Only a pine branch will creak and a snow cap will fall from the tree. But then a flock of tits swoops in. The forest comes to life. Birds fly squeaking from branch to branch. They inspect every crack in the tree's bark. There are so many tits in a flock! They call to each other loudly in the winter forest. In the bitter cold, tits fly up to the village. The guys sprinkle seeds on the feeders for them. Hungry tits can freeze.
(According to G. Snegirev)
Words for reference: It seems they echo, pour out, for them.
It's a bitter February frost outside. The whole earth sleeps under shaggy snow. The hostess treats us with cucumbers and radishes. Man has learned to build warm houses for plants. He grows herbs, vegetables, and fruits in them all year round. We are approaching the greenhouse. There is no winter in the greenhouse. Smart machines water and feed plants. Drops of water glisten on the green onions. Machines regulate light and heat. Collective farmers receive a rich harvest of vegetables in greenhouses.
Words for reference: they are grown and regulated in them.
The January dawn slowly creeps along the street. The whistling of birds is heard in the air. This is a crested lark that has woken up, cleaned itself and is running towards the road. With the first snow he appears on a village street on the outskirts of the city. All day he is in search of food. The lark flies little, but runs quickly. In cold weather he jumps on one leg. The other leg is hidden under feathers. He is warm at night. He lies in a hole, the lark hides his paws and beak in a thick feather.
Words for reference: dawn is breaking, crested.
Prickly snow began to fall. There was a ripple in the dense aspen forest. The blows of snow pellets on tree trunks merged into a mysterious hum. Footprints stretched from the edge of the forest to the village. Dawn has arrived. The snow glistened on the spruce tree. A flock of sparrows was hurrying towards the village. The wood grouse also flew up to the road in search of food. Elks and roe deer rushed to the clearing. They ate the bark from aspens and willows. The hares compacted the snow near the brushwood. In winter, the animal world needs help.
Words for reference: mysterious, brushwood, help.
Along a narrow path I emerge into a clearing. A flock of blackbirds appeared on a mountain ash tree. A hedgehog rustled under a snag. I love this area. In late autumn, moose appear here. Next to the clearing there was an abandoned garden. It is overgrown with weeds. The trees withered and degenerated. There were no hunters for sour and small fruits. But then I heard the crunch of apples. I spotted a moose. He walked from apple tree to apple tree. The forest giant grabbed the apples with his soft lip and ate them.
Words for reference: here, abandoned, amateur.
The trees talked all night. Winter has come to the forest. Wonderful figures froze under the cold arch. They were located on the tops of fir trees, stumps, and branches. A forest man in a hat and burka crawled out of a snowdrift. He looked around the whitened forest. The sun appeared. Tears dripped from the man’s pine eyelashes. A group of Christmas trees pressed against the old tree. They look like hares. Here is a fairytale bear. The forest is full of magical animals and birds. But there are no traces of them on the white tablecloth of snow.
(According to N. Sladkov)
Words for reference: the figures look like wizards.
The forest clearing is covered with snow. An old stump sticks out near the bush. There are many cozy winter apartments here for forest dwellers. Small insects hid under the bark from the cold. The mustachioed beetle also settled down to spend the winter here. A lizard lay down in a hole under the roots. A flock of tits flew over the clearing. She sat down on a tree. Snow dust fell on the ground. A bunny ran out into the clearing. The animal looked around and quickly galloped into the forest.
The view of winter nature was magnificent. Frost took moisture from tree branches and trunks. The bushes and trees were covered with shiny frost. The rays of the sun showered the entire area with a cold shine.
The winter days were short. But then the frost began to subside. The clarity of the blue sky has faded. A plump white cloud covered the horizon. Slowly, snow began to fall in large clumps. There was a stream of snow all around me. The sky was falling with fluff of snow. The air was filled with movement. The long winter twilight was approaching. I was approaching the village.
(According to S. Aksakov)
Words for reference: magnificent, twilight, began.
Tanya and Vitya lived in a forest lodge. In winter, Vitya hung a bird feeder from an old tree. One day a red squirrel appeared near the feeder. She carefully jumped onto the feeder. The animal began to pick up the rowan with its paws and deftly eat the berries.
The guys made a table for the squirrel. They put crusts of bread and dry mushrooms on her table. Sometimes children buried food in the snow. The squirrel has a good sense of smell. She shoveled the loose snow with her paws and took food. Every day the squirrel came running to the feeder.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Words for reference: Sometimes.
During the winter holidays, the trackers followed partisan paths.
It was quiet and frosty in the dense spruce forest. It’s joyful to walk through the winter forest. White fluffy snow sparkles. The trees seem fabulous. A flock of birds happily flies from tree to tree.
The counselor led the rangers to the edge of the forest. This is the place where the partisans lived. The guys noticed a dugout under a large oak tree. There was a large table in the dugout. There was a stove under the low window. There were long benches near the walls.
Words for reference: partisans, it seems.
At night there was a strong frost. It was a clear frosty morning. You woke up and looked at the window. It is all covered with a wonderful pattern. Here's a long thread. But a flower bloomed on the glass. How did these patterns come about? Water vapor from the air became water droplets. It's getting colder. These droplets settled on the ice field. A speck of dust on the glass is enough for the first piece of ice to cling. The ice floes grow and grow. So we got different drawings. They sparkled and shimmered in the rays of the sun.
(According to D. Tikhomirov)
Words for reference: got cold, cling, branch.
The sun rose over the winter forest. The earth is covered with a clean white tablecloth and is resting. A red fox is walking along the edge of a clearing from a hunt. Footprints trail behind him, paw after paw. A frozen branch crunched and broke. The fox is listening to see if a mouse squeaks under a hummock in a winter hole. A flock of crossbills flew by. She was located on the top of a spruce tree. Handsome black grouse flew out of the deep fluffy snow. They sat down on a birch tree covered with lacy frost. The old fox notices everything.
Words for reference: handsome black grouse.
Note. Draw the children's attention to the comma in the sixth sentence.
Sections: Primary School
Target:
- developing in children a love for nature and a sense of responsibility for “our little brothers”;
- moral education.
Tasks:
- To instill in children interest and love for their native land, respect for nature, and neatness.
- Expand children's horizons.
- Introduce the life of animals and birds.
- Develop fine muscles of the fingers.
- Develop creativity and imagination.
Equipment:
- paper napkins;
- glue, cardboard;
- watercolor paints;
- bullfinch stencil;
- cards with pictures of birds;
- sample of the Bullfinch appliqué product;
- exhibition of books and drawings.
Lesson plan:
- Organization of the beginning of the lesson. Creating a positive emotional mood.
- Setting a learning task.
- Learning new material.
- Game minute.
- Consolidation.
- Independent work.
- Lesson summary.
During the classes
Teacher. Today we have an unusual lesson - an excursion lesson. We will take a trip to the winter forest. We have a lot of forests in our country. Our republic is included in the forest zone. Forest occupies more than half of its territory. The forest is the decoration of our land. Where there is a forest, there is clean air. The forest is a home for animals and birds.
Now let's dream a little. We closed our eyes. Let's imagine that we put on our skis and went into the forest.
(Music by Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” plays.)
(There is a picture of a winter forest on the screen.) Appendix 1. Slide 1.
Winter forest - it's like a fairy tale
And especially then,
When frost is painted white
It will swell it slightly.
The forest is solemn, calm,
Silence rings in my ears,
A fluffy white veil
He is obediently all covered.
White snow - how wonderful it is!
Its shine is like blue.
And wherever the eye looks,
It's winter and winter everywhere.
Birds are cold and hungry in winter
Feed the birds in winter!
Let it come from all over
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.
Their food is not rich,
A handful of grain is needed.
One handful is not scary
It will be winter for them.
Train your birds in the cold
To your window
So that you don’t have to go without songs
Let's welcome spring.
So we visited the winter forest. It's time to go home.
We closed our eyes. (Music sounds.) Opened our eyes.
Did you enjoy this walk through the winter forest?
What other wintering birds do you know? Slide 22.
The world of birds is diverse, and each bird is special with its own habits and colors. But all birds are beautiful!
(Children sing “The Sparrow Song” by the music of Kompaneets, lyrics by Sinyavsky.)
Teacher. Guys, we talked a lot about birds. Try to guess which bird we are talking about.
Black-winged, red-breasted,
And in winter it will find shelter:
He is not afraid of colds -
With the first snow - right there. (Bullfinch.)
Today we will make a picturesque mosaic of a bird - a bullfinch.
Mosaic (translated from French) is an image or pattern made from pieces of the same or different materials.
What material do you think this mosaic is made of? Slide 7.
What colors can you find in the image of the bullfinch?
Instead of black, we use a white napkin and then color it.
- Take a napkin, tear it into a narrow strip and roll it into balls.
- Start gluing the balls from the upper part of the body.
What is more convenient to stick - one ball at a time or spreading glue on a small area and then sticking balls over it?
We will work in pairs. Where will you start your work?
Lesson summary. Exhibition of the best works.
Sections: Primary School
Target:
- developing in children a love for nature and a sense of responsibility for “our little brothers”;
- moral education.
Tasks:
- To instill in children interest and love for their native land, respect for nature, and neatness.
- Expand children's horizons.
- Introduce the life of animals and birds.
- Develop fine muscles of the fingers.
- Develop creativity and imagination.
Equipment:
- paper napkins;
- glue, cardboard;
- watercolor paints;
- bullfinch stencil;
- cards with pictures of birds;
- sample of the Bullfinch appliqué product;
- exhibition of books and drawings.
Lesson plan:
- Organization of the beginning of the lesson. Creating a positive emotional mood.
- Setting a learning task.
- Learning new material.
- Game minute.
- Consolidation.
- Independent work.
- Lesson summary.
During the classes
Teacher. Today we have an unusual lesson - an excursion lesson. We will take a trip to the winter forest. We have a lot of forests in our country. Our republic is included in the forest zone. Forest occupies more than half of its territory. The forest is the decoration of our land. Where there is a forest, there is clean air. The forest is a home for animals and birds.
Now let's dream a little. We closed our eyes. Let's imagine that we put on our skis and went into the forest.
(Music by Tchaikovsky “The Seasons” plays.)
(There is a picture of a winter forest on the screen.) Appendix 1. Slide 1.
Winter forest - it's like a fairy tale
And especially then,
When frost is painted white
It will swell it slightly.
The forest is solemn, calm,
Silence rings in my ears,
A fluffy white veil
He is obediently all covered.
White snow - how wonderful it is!
Its shine is like blue.
And wherever the eye looks,
It's winter and winter everywhere.
Birds are cold and hungry in winter
Feed the birds in winter!
Let it come from all over
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.
Their food is not rich,
A handful of grain is needed.
One handful is not scary
It will be winter for them.
Train your birds in the cold
To your window
So that you don’t have to go without songs
Let's welcome spring.
So we visited the winter forest. It's time to go home.
We closed our eyes. (Music sounds.) Opened our eyes.
Did you enjoy this walk through the winter forest?
What other wintering birds do you know? Slide 22.
The world of birds is diverse, and each bird is special with its own habits and colors. But all birds are beautiful!
(Children sing “The Sparrow Song” by the music of Kompaneets, lyrics by Sinyavsky.)
Teacher. Guys, we talked a lot about birds. Try to guess which bird we are talking about.
Black-winged, red-breasted,
And in winter it will find shelter:
He is not afraid of colds -
With the first snow - right there. (Bullfinch.)
Today we will make a picturesque mosaic of a bird - a bullfinch.
Mosaic (translated from French) is an image or pattern made from pieces of the same or different materials.
What material do you think this mosaic is made of? Slide 7.
What colors can you find in the image of the bullfinch?
Instead of black, we use a white napkin and then color it.
- Take a napkin, tear it into a narrow strip and roll it into balls.
- Start gluing the balls from the upper part of the body.
What is more convenient to stick - one ball at a time or spreading glue on a small area and then sticking balls over it?
We will work in pairs. Where will you start your work?
Lesson summary. Exhibition of the best works.
Tatiana Kokovina
Scenario of entertainment for Titmouse Day “Bird Christmas tree”
Target: introducing younger schoolchildren to the traditions and customs of the Russian people; developing a love for nature, a sense of responsibility for "our little brothers".
Once upon a time in Rus', our ancestors celebrated a wonderful, kind and wise holiday, which called for taking care of nature and taking care of birds during a difficult period for them. This holiday was called Sinichkin in the afternoon and it fell on November 12. People even said: "Not great tit bird, but he knows his holiday".
Folk feeding customs are associated with this holiday. tits and other birds. Exactly at this titmice flew in the day from the forests and huddled closer to houses, to people, while many other, more heat-loving birds flew to warmer climes. Tits, like sparrows, all year round with us. If in the warm season they live more in the forest, then with the onset of cold weather they fly closer to people, hoping for their help.
A fragment from the book by G. Snegirev is read "Birds of our forests":
"…Without tits The winter forest seems dead. Only a pine branch will creak and a snow cap will fall off the tree. But when the flock comes tits, the forest will come to life. Tits with a squeak, with a squawk they fly from branch to branch, from tree to tree - inspect every path in the bark: is there a wooden seed, is there a sleeping bug lurking somewhere. There aren't any tits in a flock: blue tits, and Muscovites, and grenadiers with striped crests on their heads.
In the bitter cold tits fly to the huts, and the guys sprinkle grain for them or put pieces of bread on the feeding trough, otherwise they are hungry tits will freeze in the forest...».
How do you help birds survive the cold and difficult winter?
(Children's answers)
Readers read poetry « Bird tree» .
1.This is our custom: a little snow will fall,
plank house we'll hang the bird on a twig.
Let's pour plenty of food, let the birds will peck.
The birds are happy they know: they are waiting here!
There has been a continuous din since the morning above the plank house.
How fun the feathered, fluttering guests are!
2. Poem by Z. Alexandrova « Bird tree» .
Along the silver path, as soon as the New Year comes,
The miracle Christmas tree stands on a tall thin leg.
This the tree is not simple, and it's not for guys.
Near the Christmas tree, birds are flying and whistling merrily.
There are woodpeckers and tits, bullfinches and sparrows,
Everyone wants to have fun near their Christmas tree.
The toys don’t shine on her, and the star doesn’t shine,
But we hung feeders there for the birds.
They're arriving avian flocks to our Christmas tree in the winter garden.
And in the garden, the bells ring without stopping.
Quiz.
1. Why was the bullfinch given a snowy name? (Bullfinches arrive to us with the first snow, and in the spring they fly north to their native lands.)
2. Why does the crossbill build nests in winter? (In winter there are a lot of spruce seeds for chicks, but not in spring.)
3. Which tree gives water to woodpeckers? (Birch with its sap.)
4. Which migratory flock promises snow? (A flock of migrating geese. Expect snowfall in 1-2 days.)
5. Who has never taken a step? (Sparrow.)
Promotion "Let's feed birds» .
We weigh feeders with the children and pour food.
Readers read poetry.
1. Feed the birds in winter,
Throw a handful of crumbs
And let them scurry about sometimes
Flocks at the windows.
Throw in a handful of grain.
They don't need much.
And winter is not so scary
It will be for the winged ones.
Don't let them in the worst hour
Die from disease
And spring will grace you
Their festive song.
2. Poem by Alexander Yashin "Feed the birds".
Feed the birds in winter.
Let it come from all over
They will flock to you like home,
Flocks on the porch.
Their food is not rich.
I need a handful of grain
One handful -
And not scary
It will be winter for them.
It’s impossible to count how many of them die,
It's hard to see.
But in our heart there is
And it's warm for the birds.
Is it possible to forget:
They could fly away
And they stayed for the winter
Together with people.
Train your birds in the cold
To your window
So that you don’t have to go without songs
Let's welcome spring.
Candidate of Biological Sciences K. MIKHAILOV.
Many readers, of course, remember “Forest Newspaper” by Vitaly Bianki - stories about simple events from the life of plants, animals and birds that introduce us to the little secrets of nature, teach us to understand and love it. The ability to see the beautiful and unusual in what surrounds us in the field, in the forest, on the lake, helps not only to understand the life of “our little brothers,” but also to feel like a part of a single community of living beings on the planet.
Science and life // Illustrations
Science and life // Illustrations
January is just around the corner. At night the temperature drops to minus twenty. It seems that all living things have frozen under the deep snow cover. But that's not true. In any square or park, or even near your house, near a trash bin, you will see birds - a buzzing flock of sparrows, crows, jackdaws. Tits sometimes appear among them. First of all, this is a stocky great tit with a bright yellow breast, “big tit,” and a more miniature blue tit with a blue, almost azure, azure cap.
But can you really sit at home all winter? No, for those who love nature, this is not possible. Let's go to the forest. Moreover, you can see a lot of interesting things there even in winter.
The winter forest is as quiet as a tidy house with white tablecloths. Deserted, but waiting for guests. It would seem that no one is here. But let's listen. From somewhere above, from the furry paws of the spruce trees, a quiet squeaking sound can be heard. These kinglets are one of the smallest birds. These little ones feed mainly on insects, but are not afraid of frost and remain to spend the winter in our area. What do they eat? The fact is that under the cover of thick spruce branches, where the temperature is slightly above zero, small insects that tolerate the cold well gather. Here's food for the kinglet - how much does he need? From below, these birds, swarming in the needles, look like gray lumps. And if you manage to take a closer look at the kinglet, and even in bright sunlight, you will see that its back is olive-green. On the head there is a yellowish or even orange crest-crown, running from the forehead to the crown of the head, bounded on the sides of the head by black stripes. A real little dandy.
Where there are kinglets, there are most likely tits. In city parks we are accustomed to “big tits” and blue tits, but in the coniferous forest of the Moscow region we will first of all meet puffy tits, or brown-headed tits. These agile grayish birds are easily recognized by their striking black cap. They scream loudly and in a very unique way: a nasally irritated “zee” or “zhee” - each ear perceives it differently. If you saw a “chickadee” that makes less nasal and more sonorous sounds, and also constantly “swears”, quickly saying “chika-bee-bee-bee”, then you have caught your eye with a black-headed chickadee. They simply call her a chickadee.
The chickadee and chickadee are twin species. Outwardly, in nature, they are practically indistinguishable, but their songs are somewhat different. Some of the calls - the cries with which they communicate their presence - are similar, but there are also characteristic sounds that can never be confused. You need to pay attention to them. For example, the chickadee at times groans painfully and squeaks “eez, eez, eez,” and the chickadee “swears.”
Tits are the funniest creatures. They twirl, spin, peel the bark, and hang upside down on the thinnest tree branches. The chickadee prefers coniferous forests, while the chickadee gravitates toward riverine alder and willow forests. But this is only “as a rule”. As you know, there are exceptions to every rule. So it is here. Chickweed can be seen in the deciduous thickets near the river, and chickadees can wander into the forest.
In a spruce or pine forest you can also meet the tufted tit. In winter it is even easier to see than in summer. This tit can be distinguished by the large motley crest on its head. She is laconic: her repertoire is limited to the lively trills “tsi-tsi-trchch” and the usual titmouse “tsi-tsi-tsi”. Unlike other tits, the tufted tit does not like large groups: more often than not two or three birds gather.
But opolovniks, as long-tailed tits are lovingly nicknamed (the old Russian word “opolovnik” means ladle), on the contrary, are very sociable birds. The moth itself looks like a ball of loose feathers, with a tiny beak and a long black tail with white stripes on the sides. A flock of birds is constantly moving, and the birds flutter from tree to tree, from bush to bush, performing miracles of acrobatics on the branches. Often you hear them first and only then see them. The voice of the long-tailed tit cannot be confused with any other. This is a rattling “chrrrr” or “chzhrrr” sound, reminiscent of the sound of a broken guitar string.
How do all these birds survive the harsh winter, since they eat insects? The secret is simple: through your own “mind” and ingenuity. Since autumn, tits have been preparing food for the winter: they stuff literally millions of dried spiders and small insects into the cracks of tree bark. If there is enough food, then birds don’t mind frost. In some zoos, even budgerigars, native to Australia, quietly spend the winter in an open enclosure if the temperature does not drop below twenty degrees. What can we say about hardened tits! There would be food. But winter supplies become unavailable to birds when the temperature drops below fifteen degrees or a thaw occurs, abruptly giving way to frost. It is almost impossible to obtain food from the icy bark.
This is where feeders help the birds, which each of us can place outside our window or hang in a park or square. In severe frosts, energy losses in birds increase, and feeding sometimes saves their lives. Let's remember this! Seeds and lard are especially high-calorie foods. Tits will always prefer this delicacy to bread crumbs. And the sparrows, which are the first to find out about the feeder in city parks and bring all their “relatives and acquaintances” there, are not so keen on lard.
By the way, not all tits stay with us for the winter. Some birds migrate to the southern regions in the fall and return only in the spring. The morals, tastes and habits of different tits are different - just like people! This, by the way, also helps to survive in the harsh seasons. In a flock of tits, each bird knows its relatives well and has its own “social rank.” There are elders who are dominant, and there are younger ones who are in a subordinate position. With age and all kinds of “social” perturbations, the position of the bird in the flock may change. Sometimes a bird's social status changes if it has a partner of higher rank. In general, females are oppressed: in winter they get the worst feeding areas, and in a flock they often occupy a more vulnerable position. And yet it is easier to live “in a crowd” than alone. And you’ll notice the predator faster, and you’ll find food sooner.
In the forest, where there are tits, there are nuthatch. It can be seen right in tit flocks: a lively gray bird with a reddish undertail, a black stripe across the eye and a strong chisel-shaped beak, somewhat larger than tits. The nuthatch moves up and down the tree trunk, rustling the bark. He deals with cones expertly. It turns out worse for tits. But the pika, with its thin, slightly curved beak, can only carefully probe the bark in search of insects and spiders. You cannot confuse a pika with a nuthatch: it is brown and crooked-beaked; crawls only upward along the trunk, leaning on its tail, like a woodpecker. Cannot move upside down.
By the way, about woodpeckers. These forest orderlies also like to join mixed flocks of tits in winter. First of all, the Great Spotted Woodpecker appears in bird company - the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker is much more independent, more often “walks on its own,” but it can also be found in a diverse flock of birds. And if you're lucky, you'll also see a three-toed woodpecker. In winter, these rare guests “flock” to the forests near Moscow.
In addition to flocks of tits in the winter forest, especially at the edge of a birch forest or in a riverine alder forest, you can probably see flocks of siskins and sometimes tap dancers. Somewhere closer to the village, on the outskirts of the city, bullfinches and waxwings will be found. You can always distinguish a bullfinch by its elegant crimson breast, while the brown waxwing is larger, with a tuft on its head.
These birds, like tits, siskins and tap dancers, are also always in flocks. Why? This is not an idle question. Let's try to figure it out.
Birds unite primarily because they are terribly sociable creatures, or, as ornithologists academically put it, “highly social creatures.” That is, they simply do not like loneliness, they feel discomfort without fellow tribesmen and therefore easily become attached and unite with individuals of their own and other species. This is the premise. And there is also a direct benefit: in mixed flocks in the harsh winter, it is much easier to survive together. And every adult tit or nuthatch knows this from their own experience, since they have an excellent memory. That is, birds remember well those situations that caused them a feeling of comfort or discomfort, satiety or hunger. In addition, many birds imitate each other and easily adopt everything new: information about how to get another type of food or where to look for it spreads through the “bird telegraph” at high speed.
Mixed flocks consisting of different species are not a random phenomenon. They appear in common feeding areas and help different species of birds obtain food more successfully. For example, a nuthatch and a woodpecker will gouge a cone or tree bark with their strong beak, and tits, which have a weaker beak, will pick up food on the fly or pick it up in the snow. Tits can feast on “table scraps” in the inner parts of the trunk, opened and torn apart powerful beak woodpecker And there is more than enough food there - wintering insect larvae and eggs, usually inaccessible to tits.
On the other hand, in a flock there is always a greater probability that at least someone will find a tree or branch rich in food, which all members of the flock then “fly” onto. After all, the one who finds the food immediately notifies others. Finally, many small forest birds spend the night together, clinging to each other and thus preserving precious warmth. So there are many advantages. Watch the winter flocks of birds and you will see for yourself.
Each bird species adapts to winter in its own way. Some people can only survive in a pack; for others, their own family is enough. What can you say about birds that not only feel great in the bitter winter frosts, but also breed offspring? Unbelievable but true. These birds are crossbills. Why did they choose such a strange time for such a difficult task? The fact is that winter is the best time for crossbills to feed their offspring. After all, their chicks feed on spruce seeds. These winged seeds ripen in the fall and remain in the cones throughout the winter. In March, when the scales of the cones, heated by the sun's rays, open, the seeds will fall to the ground. At this time, crossbill chicks begin to fly out of the nest and can easily get food for themselves. But in order for the chicks to fly out in March, eggs must be laid in late January - early February. That is, just in the most severe frosts.
The weather itself doesn't really bother birds. The main thing is that there is food. If there is no food, for example, there is a sudden crop failure of spruce seeds, then the crossbills will not nest at all in such a year.
It’s strange, of course, to see a bird on a nest in a snowy forest. However, the nest still needs to be found, and this is not easy. It is located high above the ground, usually on a spruce tree, under the cover of powerful prickly paws, and even crowned with snow caps. Therefore, even experienced hunters who have walked the length and breadth of the forest often do not know that crossbills nest in winter.
The nest itself is a well-insulated winter house: very dense, with thick walls, and the inside is abundantly lined with moss. While the parents are just incubating the clutch, one of them almost never leaves the nest so that the cold does not touch the eggs. But when the chicks have already hatched, the parents cannot warm them all the time - they have to fly away to get food, sometimes for a long time. And although the nest is well insulated, the chicks are quite cool in it. Nevertheless, they safely tolerate low temperatures - after all, their food is very high in calories.
Both in the forest and in the city in winter you can often hear a simple, sonorous, soul-pleasing song: “qi-pin, qi-pin, zi-zin...zi-zin.” It's a great tit singing. She starts her short concerts from the very New Year, as soon as the sun begins to linger a little longer in our Northern Hemisphere.
And a little later, towards the end of February, from the top of a tall linden or oak tree you will hear a wonderful melodic trill. It's a blue tit singing. There is something to be happy about - the difficult winter trials for birds are already behind us. It’s not scary that there is snow and the temperature at night is significantly below zero. After all, the severe January frosts have already ended, the days have become longer (you can feed longer), and the sun is shining brighter. Spring is ahead!
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