The Russian Pacific Fleet protects Russia’s interests in the region, which has already become the new economic center of the world and is very quickly becoming a military and political center. Due to purely geographical circumstances, in the event of war, it will be isolated from the other three Russian fleets. Moreover, within the Pacific Fleet itself the Primorsky and Kamchatka flotillas will be isolated from each other. At the same time, in the Far East itself, shipbuilding and ship repair are much less developed than in the European part of the country.
Large anti-submarine ship "Admiral Panteleev"
What does Russia have in the Pacific Fleet?
Today the Pacific Fleet includes:
— 3 nuclear missile submarines (RPK SN or SSBN) Project 667BDR (outdated and will be decommissioned in the near future);
— 5 and (of which 3 are under repair or conservation);
— 8 diesel;
- Project 1164 (nuclear-powered missile cruiser "Admiral Lazarev" Project 1144 is mothballed and has no chance of leaving it);
— 1 destroyer Project 956 (3 more are in mothballing with no chance of resuscitation);
— 4 large anti-submarine ships (BOD) pr. 1155;
— 8 MPK pr. 1124M;
— 4 small missile ships (SMRs) pr. 12341;
— 10 missile boats, project 12411;
— 9 minesweepers;
- 4 large landing ships (LBD), of which 1 is extremely outdated Project 1171, 2 Project 775 and 1 Project 775M.
Almost all of these ships were commissioned in the 1980s. No real renewal of the Pacific Fleet is expected, except for 1 - a very unsuccessful ship in design, designed for export to developing countries, but for some reason imposed on the Russian Navy.
In addition, apparently, it is at the Pacific Fleet that two French misunderstandings, known as . However, this is logical. The only conceivable purpose for these iron boxes in the Russian Navy is to use them as transport ships for transporting troops from Russia to Russia, i.e. from the mainland to the Kuril Islands.
Strike power of the US Pacific Fleet
Comparing the Russian Pacific Fleet with other fleets in the region produces an extremely difficult impression. If previously the US Atlantic and Pacific fleets were almost equal in strength down to the ship, now priority is given to the US Pacific Fleet, which is expected to have at least 60% of the US Navy.
Today as part of the US Pacific Fleet:
- from submarines - 8 SSBNs and 2 Ohio-class SSGNs (24 Trident-2 SLBMs per SSBN, 154 Tomahawk SLCMs per SSBN), 30 SSNs (24 Los Angeles-types, 3 Sea Wolf types ", 3 types "Virginia");
— 6 nuclear-powered aircraft carriers of the Nimitz type;
— 12 Ticonderoga-class cruisers;
— 33 Arleigh Burke-class destroyers;
— 8 frigates of the Oliver Perry class;
— 5 UDC (1 Tarawa type, 4 Wasp type);
- 5 landing helicopter-carrying dock ships - DVKD (1 Austin type, 4 San Antonio type);
- 6 landing transport docks - DTD (4 Whidbey Island types, 2 Harpers Ferry types).
American nuclear-powered aircraft carrier George Washington in the port of Busan, South Korea
The fleet is receiving new Virginia-class submarines, Arleigh Burke-class destroyers, San Antonio-class DVKDs, Los Angeles-class submarines and Oliver Perry-class frigates are being decommissioned, and the last Tarawa-class UDCs will leave in the near future. and DVKD type "Austin".
The US Pacific Fleet has a gigantic strike potential, since all submarines, cruisers and destroyers are carriers of the Tomahawk SLCM. In addition, of the 5 cruisers and 16 destroyers of the US Navy capable of solving missile defense tasks, all but one cruiser are part of the Pacific Fleet.
The only rival of the Americans is the Chinese fleet
The only worthy adversary of the Americans in the Pacific Ocean today is the Chinese Navy. The Chinese submarine fleet is the largest in the world, with submarines— 5 SSBNs (1 project 092 and 4 project 094), 8 submarines (4 each of project 091 and 093) and at least 60 submarines (up to 10 project 041A, 8 project 636EM, 2 each of project 636 and 877 , 13 project 039G, 5 project 035G, 13 project 035, up to 8 project 033). All submarines and submarines of Project 041A, 636EM and 039G are armed with anti-ship missiles. The old submarines pr. 033 and 035 are being written off, instead of them submarines pr. 041A are being built, construction of the submarine pr. 095 and submarine pr. 043 has begun.
Aircraft carrier Liaoning(the failed Soviet "Varyag") attracts a lot of attention from external observers. However, due to the unique design (a springboard instead of a catapult) and the virtual absence of carrier-based aircraft (so far there are only 4 J-15 aircraft), it will forever remain an experimental training ship, and not a full-fledged combat unit. Real aircraft carriers of their own construction will appear in China no earlier than in 10 years.
There are 25 destroyers in the PLA Navy: 2 Project 956, 2 Project 956EM, 3 Project 052S, 2 Project 052V, 2 Project 052, 2 Project 051S, 1 Project 051V, 2 Project 051 “Lyuida-3”, 1 Project 051 "Lyuida-2" and 8 Project 051 "Lyuida-1" (another ship Project 051 was transferred to the Coast Guard). All “Lyuids” are gradually being written off, and destroyers of Project 052C are being built to replace them (3 more units, i.e. there will be 6 in total). Starting from the 3rd ship of this series, they no longer carry Russian weapons systems. In particular, the S-300F air defense system with a revolver-type launcher was replaced by the NNQ-9 with a UVP.
Destroyer Harbin during Russian-Chinese exercises in the Yellow Sea
Simultaneously construction of the “Chinese Aegis” - destroyers pr. 052D has begun, on which a universal UVP will be placed for 64 missiles of various classes (SLCM, anti-ship missiles, missiles, anti-ship missiles). There will be at least 10 of them in the Chinese fleet (the first 4 are currently being built, 3 of which have already been launched). China will become the fourth country in the world (after the USA, Japan and the Republic of Korea) to have ships of this class. They will be able to be part of both aircraft carrier formations as escort ships and operational groups for independent operations in the open ocean, incl. at a considerable distance from the coast of the People's Republic of China, including striking coastal targets. This gives the PLA Navy a completely new quality that the Chinese fleet has never had in modern history.
The Chinese fleet now has 48 frigates: 15 Project 054A, 2 Project 054 and 31 Project 053 of six different modifications (10 Project 053N3, 4 Project 053N2G, 6 Project 053N1G, 3 Project 053N2, 6 Project 053N1, 2 Project 053N). In addition, two old frigates of Project 053N were transferred to the Coast Guard, one frigate of the same project was converted into a landing support ship (armed with MLRS), one frigate of Project 053NT-N is used as a training frigate. Frigates of Project 053 of early modifications are gradually being decommissioned, ships of Project 054A are being built (at least 20 will be built in total).
Along with the traditional strike weapons for the PLA Navy (8 S-803 anti-ship missiles in container launchers), Project 054A ships became the first Chinese frigates to have adequate air defense for ships of this class: air defense for 32 HHQ-16 missiles (created on the basis of the Russian Shtil air defense system "). Thanks to this, these frigates will become universal escort ships that can be used to guard aircraft carriers near their shores and to reinforce destroyers in the open ocean. China already has the world's largest fleet of frigates. Obviously, their quantity will be maintained at about 50 units with constant improvement of their quality.
Traditionally, the “mosquito fleet” is very developed in China. Today it includes 119 missile boats (83 high-speed catamarans Project 022, 6 Project 037-II, 30 Project 037-IG) and up to 250 patrol boats. A definite sensation of the last year was the massive construction of Project 056 ships in China. Just a year ago, nothing was known about them at all. The first ship of this type was laid down in May 2012. Today, 6 such ships are in service, at least 10 are under construction or are being tested. The total number of ships in the series will certainly exceed 20 units (it can reach 50).
This pace of construction has no analogues in post-war history in any country in the world. It is especially impressive given the fact that quite large ships are being built (displacement about 1.5 thousand tons, length 95 m). In China itself they are classified as frigates, in foreign sources - as corvettes. For comparison, we can say that in Russia, 3 units of corvettes Project 20380, similar in size, displacement and armament, were put into service in 12 years (the first one began to be built in 2001), i.e. The Chinese rate of commissioning of such ships is 24 (!) times higher than ours.
The landing forces of the PLA Navy are large, they include 3 DVKD Project 071, 30 large and up to 60 medium landing ships. Each DVKD can accommodate up to 800 marines and 50 armored vehicles, which can be transferred from ship to shore using the 4 hovercraft landing craft and 4 helicopters on board the DVKD. It is also impossible not to note the unprecedentedly high capabilities of the Chinese shipbuilding industry, which it is now demonstrating.
Currently, at shipyards and afloat, 6 destroyers, 4 frigates, at least 9 corvettes, as well as about 10 nuclear and diesel submarines and at least 1 DVKD are being built and completed simultaneously. at least 30 units of warships only. Such a pace of fleet construction is inaccessible even for the United States; there is simply no possibility of comparison with any other country.
Russia is not a competitor to the fleets of other Pacific countries
Taiwan Navy in recent years has fallen far behind the Chinese and has lost real prospects for competition with it; nevertheless, its surface forces are very large. Taiwan's submarine fleet, consisting of 2 Dutch-built submarines from the 1980s and 2 American-built submarines from the 1940s, can be considered non-existent. As for the surface fleet, Taiwan has 4 American Kidd-class destroyers, 8 American Oliver Perry and Knox-class frigates, 6 French Lafayette-class frigates, about 90 missile corvettes and boats.
Japanese Navy are among the five strongest in the world. All their ships and submarines are built in the country itself, while their weapons are mainly American-made or manufactured in Japan under an American license. At the same time, Japan is directly involved in the development of the Standard ship-based missile defense system. The notorious US missile defense system is, in fact, mostly a myth. Its only really existing component is a naval one, based specifically on the “Standard” missile defense system of various modifications. And, in fact, it is not American, but American-Japanese.
A Japanese Kongo-class destroyer during US-Japanese exercises near the island of Kauai, Hawaii
The Japanese submarine fleet consists only of diesel (non-nuclear) submarines. Now it consists of 5 Soryu-class submarines (2 more are under construction), 11 Oyashio-class submarines, 1 Harushio-class submarine (3 more submarines of this type are used as training submarines). All large surface ships of the Japanese Navy are classified as destroyers, which is quite strange in some cases. Among these destroyers, in addition to actual destroyers, there are aircraft carriers (helicopter carriers), cruisers and frigates.
"Destroyer" helicopter carriers - 2 ships of the Hyuga type and 2 of the Shirane type. If the Shirane destroyers are truly helicopter carriers, then the newest Hyugas are light aircraft carriers in size and architecture, capable of carrying up to 10 VTOL attack aircraft. However, Japan does not have such aircraft, so de facto these ships are also used as helicopter carriers. “Destroyers” are essentially cruisers - 2 Atago-class ships and 4 Kongo-class ships. They are equipped with the Aegis system and, thanks to this, can be an integral part of the naval missile defense component.
Among the destroyers themselves, the most modern are three types of ships, which are actually three modifications of one project: 2 Akizuki type (2 more are under construction), 5 Takanami type, 9 Murasame type. There are also older destroyers: 6 Asagiri type (2 more are used as training ones), 5 Hatsuyuki type (3 more as training ones), 2 Hatakaze type. Finally, “escort destroyers”, i.e. frigates - 6 ships of the Abukuma type.
The Japanese Navy also includes 6 Hayabusa-class missile boats, 28 minesweepers, and 3 Osumi-class motorized landing craft. The latter have significantly increased the landing capabilities of the Japanese fleet, but in general they remain very limited; the Navy and the Self-Defense Forces as a whole are unable to conduct serious landing operations.
Republic of Korea Navy two decades ago, they consisted of American artillery destroyers built in the 1940s, mediocre own Ulsan-class frigates and hundreds of corvettes and patrol boats designed to fight the huge “mosquito fleet” of the DPRK. To date, the Republic of Korea has built an excellent ocean-going fleet, one of the ten strongest in the world, with very powerful strike capabilities and extremely strong air defense.
Thanks to cooperation with Germany, the Republic of Korea in a short period of time created from scratch one of the most powerful submarine fleets in the world, consisting of 9 submarines of Project 209 and 3 submarines of Project 214. In an equally short period of time, 12 destroyers of three modifications were built, the last of which (3 destroyers of the Sejong Daewan class) are, in fact, the most powerful non-aircraft carrier surface combat ships in the world. These ships, equipped with the Aegis system, are armed with 80 Standard missile launchers and 32 Hyunmu-3 SLCMs (comparable in performance characteristics to the Tomahawk, although they have a shorter flight range - 1.5 thousand km) and 16 PLUR "Red Shark", as well as 4x4 PU anti-ship missile missile system "Haesong". All of these missiles, except for the Standards, are of our own design, albeit with American influence.
The construction of Incheon-class frigates has begun (there will be from 18 to 24, they will replace 9 Ulsanov), which will also be armed with up to 4 Hyunmu-3 SLCMs. 2 DVKDs of the “Dokdo” type have been built, superior in their performance characteristics to European ships of the same class, and 2 more similar ships are being built. At the same time, up to 100 patrol boats and corvettes remain in the Navy. New corvettes with missile weapons are being built.
If you go even further south, you can’t help but mention Thai Navy. They consist of a light aircraft carrier, 8 frigates (2 American Knox type, 6 Chinese: 4 Project 053, 2 Naresuan type with Western weapons), 2 training frigates, 7 corvettes and 6 missile boats.
U Indonesian Navy there are 2 German submarines Project 209, 9 Dutch-built frigates (one of them was recently armed with the latest Russian Yakhont anti-ship missiles), 20 corvettes. Included Navy of microscopic Singapore– 6 each of the most modern submarines, frigates and corvettes. Finally, Australia has 6 Swedish-built Collins-class submarines and 12 frigates - 4 American Oliver Perry class and 8 own ANZAC class.
Thus, if the submarine forces of the Russian Pacific Fleet are at least among the top five strongest in the Pacific Ocean, then the surface forces are at the very end of the top ten with a chance of even falling out of it due to the rapid growth of the navies of Malaysia and Vietnam. Of course, not all of the countries from which we have lagged behind are likely opponents. Nevertheless, The situation in the Far East is becoming catastrophic . Due to the geopolitical situation, the Pacific Fleet should definitely be the main one of our fleets. But he is the one who is completely out of control, and for some reason in Moscow this is considered the norm.
All European Russian fleets and the Caspian flotilla are being updated, at least little by little. The Pacific Fleet does not deserve this. All European fleets and flotillas in their theaters of operations are among the top three; the Pacific Fleet, as a whole, does not even make it into the top five. But Moscow doesn’t seem to care about this either.
/Alexander Khramchikhin, Deputy Director of the Institute of Political and Military Analysis, rusplt.ru/
On November 24, the head of the Information and Public Relations Service of the Russian Pacific Fleet, Captain 1st Rank Roman Martov, announced that this year the Pacific Fleet received an unprecedented replenishment of the ship’s personnel. Ten ships have already entered the fleet, two more will be accepted before the end of this year. Replenishment is carried out in accordance with the Russian state weapons development program for 2011-20.
The Pacific Fleet is a strategic and operational association of the Russian Navy on the eastern borders of the country. The headquarters of the Pacific Fleet is located in Vladivostok, and its military and service infrastructure is dispersed along the entire Pacific coast from the Chinese border in the south to Kamchatka and Chukotka in the north, including Sakhalin and the islands of the Kuril ridge.
Dislocation of units and ships of the Pacific Fleet
forum.mil.ru
The Pacific Fleet provides solutions to several important government tasks at once - in particular, it maintains sea-based strategic nuclear forces in a state of constant readiness, which is the most important condition for the country's defense capability. In addition, Pacific Fleet ships exercise control over the safety of navigation and economic activities in the Far Eastern seas with a total area of almost 5 million square kilometers, which is twice the area of all territorial waters of the European part of Russia.
To solve the problems facing it, the Pacific Fleet has a powerful underwater and surface fleet, which includes cruisers, destroyers, large and small anti-submarine ships, large landing ships, missile and combat boats, minesweepers, as well as nuclear and diesel submarines. The total number of warships (excluding the auxiliary fleet) is more than 50 surface ships and 22 submarines. The fleet aviation consists of 32 helicopters and 82 aircraft of various classes.
Acting in coordination with the foreign policy actions of the Russian government, Pacific Fleet ships ensure the naval presence of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world, carrying out business calls, friendship visits, as well as participating in joint exercises and peacekeeping operations. Thus, on November 17 of this year, a group of ships of the fleet, led by the cruiser Varyag and the frigate Marshal Shaposhnikov, supported the visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to the summit of the leaders of the G-20 leading countries, which was held in Australia.
BOD "Marshal Shaposhnikov"
sdelanounas.ru
In May 2010, the frigate "Marshal Shaposhnikov" hit the news feeds of the world due to the fact that it freed the tanker "Moscow University", owned by the Novorossiysk Shipping Company, which was captured by pirates off the coast of Somalia. Later, the frigate's track record was replenished with other similar episodes - from November 2012 to March 2013, the ship took an active part in the international operation to combat piracy in the Gulf of Aden.
Today, the combat basis of the Pacific Fleet consists of 18 ships, among which the most famous are the missile cruiser Varyag (built according to Project 1164 Atlant), the large anti-submarine ship of Project 1155 Marshal Shaposhnikov (today there are four such frigates in the Pacific Fleet), and the destroyer URO project 956 “Bystry” and the submarine missile cruiser “Alexander Nevsky” (the Pacific Fleet has three boats of this class).
Nuclear submarine K-550 "Alexander Nevsky". Infographics
rg.ru
To maintain proper combat readiness and properly carry out its missions, the Pacific Fleet needs a large-scale update, since most of its ships have now passed the 25-year mark. A serious problem is the significant reduction in the number of warships due to their decommissioning - according to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral V.I. Kuroyedov, over the past decades the size of the fleet has decreased by almost half. Therefore, today additional efforts are needed to restore the combat potential of the Pacific Fleet, which was significantly undermined due to the collapse of the USSR. Many experts are inclined to believe that today the Pacific Fleet is unable to fully carry out the tasks facing them to ensure the country's defense capability due to its obsolete material and technical base. In addition, more than 60% of its combat units are in urgent need of major repairs.
Nuclear cruiser "Admiral Lazarev" laid up
russiamil.wordpress.com
Despite the fact that the fleet renewal program is being carried out according to plans, the pace of its renewal cannot yet compensate for the natural wear and tear of ships. The units received this year will somewhat improve the overall situation, but are unlikely to significantly affect the combat readiness of the Pacific Fleet, since mainly auxiliary ships are coming into service: tugboats, a hydrographic boat, etc. At the same time, the planned entry into the fleet of a universal for known reasons, the launch of the Mistral-class helicopter carrier landing ship has been postponed indefinitely. Thus, one has to look at the prospect of rapid renewal of the Pacific Fleet with very moderate optimism.
Pacific Fleet ships at the parade on Navy Day in Vladivostok
navyclub.ru
Sleeve emblem of the Pacific Fleet
Flag of the Russian Navy
Main goals
The main tasks of the Russian Pacific Fleet currently are:
- maintaining naval strategic nuclear forces in constant readiness in the interests of nuclear deterrence;
- protection of the economic zone and areas of production activity, suppression of illegal production activities;
- ensuring navigation safety;
- carrying out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.)
Story
Pacific Fleet in the XVIII-XIX centuries.
To protect the eastern borders of the Russian Empire, maritime trade routes and trades, on May 10, 1731, a Russian military flotilla was created in the Far East with the main base in Okhotsk, which later received the name Siberian. It consisted mainly of small-tonnage vessels.
Until the beginning of the 19th century. transformations in the Siberian military flotilla proceeded slowly. The study of the Far Eastern borders of the Russian Empire began during the first Russian round-the-world expedition of 1803-1806. under the command of Admiral I.F. Krusenstern and captain 1st rank Yu.F. Lisyansky. On the ship "Nadezhda" sailors I.F. Kruzenshtern was examined and the shores of the island were described in detail. Sakhalin, conducted hydrographic and meteorological studies.
The sailors of the Baltic Fleet flotilla, sent to assist the Russian-American Company in 1806-1814, also made a great contribution to the study and protection of the Far Eastern borders of Russia.
In 1849-1855 The study of the Sea of Okhotsk was continued by the team of the Baikal vessel under the leadership of Admiral G.I. Nevelsky. The expedition explored the southwestern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and the mouth of the river. Amur, was able to confirm the presence of a strait between the island. Sakhalin and the continent.
In 1849, for more reliable protection of the coast and the Kuril Islands, the main base of the Siberian flotilla was moved to the port of Petropavlovsk (now Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky). This was due to the fact that the Sea of Okhotsk freezes in winter.
With the beginning of the Crimean War (1853-1856) in the area of operation of the Siberian military flotilla, there was a real threat of attack from the sea by the British and French. To protect the main bases of the fleet - Vladivostok, Okhotsk and the port of Petropavlovsk - the flotilla had a small number of military vessels.
On August 18, 1854, an Anglo-French squadron appeared in front of the Port of Petropavlovsk under the command of Rear Admirals Preuss and F. de Pointe, consisting of three frigates, a corvette and a steamship, armed with 218 guns and about 2,000 personnel.
The defense of the port was led by the Governor-General of Kamchatka, Major General V.S. Zavoiko, who had about 1,000 men of the Petropavlovsk garrison at his disposal. The frigate "Aurora" (commanded by captain-lieutenant I.N. Izylmetyev) and the military transport "Dvina" were stationed in the harbor. The ships and seven coastal batteries had a total of 67 guns.
On August 20, the Anglo-French squadron began military operations, concentrating the fire of all guns on the Russian coastal defense batteries. After two attacks, some of the ships of the Anglo-French squadron were damaged, its losses in manpower amounted to 450 people. The losses of the defenders of the Petropavlovsk port amounted to about 100 soldiers.
On August 27, the allied squadron left for the open sea, but military operations in the Sea of Okhotsk also did not bring it success.
In 1855, the main base of the Siberian military flotilla was moved to a more secure port - Nikolaevsk.
The Russian government began to pay more and more attention to the economic and military power of Primorye. An intensive study of the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, the Kuril Islands and the Kamchatka Peninsula was begun, and a whole range of incentives and benefits was developed to attract naval officers to the Siberian Military Flotilla. However, the combat power of the flotilla remained at a low level. Its position improved somewhat after the transfer in 1894 of the Mediterranean squadron to the Far East under the command of Rear Admiral S.O. Makarova.
XX century
The crews of the ships of the 2nd Pacific Squadron - the battleships "Borodino", "Prince Suvorov", the squadron battleship "Navarin", the coastal defense battleship "Admiral Ushakov" and others - who died in the Battle of Tsushima (May 14-15, 1905) covered themselves with eternal glory. .
The tragic outcome of the Russo-Japanese War revealed the need to strengthen naval forces in the Pacific Ocean. By 1914, the Siberian military flotilla already consisted of two cruisers, nine destroyers, ten destroyers, and eight submarines.
During the First World War (1914-1918), some of the ships of the Siberian Flotilla were transferred to other fleets, and the remaining ships escorted caravans of transports traveling from the USA to Vladivostok with military cargo. In those years, ships of the Siberian Military Flotilla took part in hostilities in the Northern and Mediterranean maritime theaters.
During the Civil War and military intervention (1918-1922), in July 1918, the flotilla was captured by the interventionists. The sailors left the ships and took part in battles with the invaders on land.
In those difficult years, almost the entire ship's crew was lost. Some of the ships were taken abroad, others fell into disrepair due to the collapse of the industrial and repair base.
During the years of restoration of the national economy, the naval forces of the Far East included only a few patrol ships, boats and maritime border guard vessels.
By 1932, all ships of military value were restored, completed and partially modernized in the fleet. The construction of new ships and combat equipment began. This was facilitated by the rapid growth of heavy industry and the entire national economy of the country. Through the efforts of the Russians, shipbuilding yards and ship repair enterprises in the Far East were expanded and refurbished.
The fleet in the Pacific Ocean was built by the entire Soviet Union. Torpedo boats, airplanes, “baby” submarines, and coastal guns were delivered by rail from the Baltic and Black Sea, and the foundations of a powerful fleet were laid. On January 11, 1935, the naval forces of the Far East were renamed the Pacific Fleet (PF).
A significant event in the history of the fleet was the appearance in 1933 of the first domestic submarine, built by Dalzavod workers, in the Far Eastern waters.
In 1936, the first destroyers, new high-speed minesweepers and medium-sized submarines with more powerful weapons and advanced mechanisms appeared in the fleet.
For the first time in world history, having completed the most difficult passage along the Northern Sea Route, the destroyers Voikov and Stalin joined the fleet, significantly strengthening the combat capabilities of the young fleet.
In 1937, the Pacific Higher Naval School named after S.O. Makarova is a source of personnel for the Pacific Fleet.
During the armed conflicts between the USSR and Japan at Lake Khasan (1938) and Khalkhin Gol (1939), the Pacific Fleet was tested for combat readiness. For their distinction in battle, 74 Pacific sailors were awarded orders and medals, and hundreds were awarded the “Participant in the Khasan Battles” badge.
The Great Patriotic War
During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the Pacific Fleet not only vigilantly guarded the maritime borders in the Far East, but also provided all possible assistance to the fighting fronts and fleets. In 1942 alone, the Pacific Fleet sent more than 100 thousand people to the front. The total number of Pacific and Amur sailors who fought against the Nazi invaders near Moscow, on the Volga, defending Sevastopol and Leningrad, the North Caucasus and the Arctic, reached 153 thousand people. The naval forces ensured the protection of internal and external communications, laid defensive minefields, and guarded the coast.
At the final stage of World War II, from August 9 to September 2, 1945, the fleet, cooperating with the troops of the 1st Far Eastern Front, landed amphibious assault forces on enemy ports on the Manchurian and Korean bridgeheads. Fleet aircraft attacked Japanese military targets in North Korea.
The Pacific Islanders showed unparalleled bravery, courage and high skill in battles with the fascists and Japanese militarists. For courage and heroism, more than 30 thousand sailors and officers were awarded orders and medals, 43 of them were awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. 19 ships, units and formations of the fleet were awarded the title of guards, 13 were given honorary titles, and 16 were awarded orders.
The Second World War confirmed that Russia objectively needed to have a navy in the Pacific Ocean.
Post-war period
In the post-war period, the Pacific Fleet underwent fundamental qualitative changes. It was equipped with the most advanced types of weapons - submarines and surface ships, missile carriers with great autonomy, unlimited seaworthiness and striking power. All this allowed him to reach the vastness of the World Ocean from the coastal waters of closed seas.
Among the first to make a long voyage to carry out combat training missions were submarines commanded by Captain 2nd Rank Yu.V. Dvornikov, captains 3rd rank A.M. Smolin and G.S. Yakovlev.
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On December 6, 1985, it was laid down at the Black Sea Shipyard in Nikolaev
(serial number 106), launched on November 25, 1988.
In 1992, with 67% technical readiness, construction was suspended and the ship was mothballed.
In 1993, according to an agreement between Ukraine and Russia, “Varyag” went to Ukraine.
In April 1998, sold to Chong Lot Travel Agency Ltd for $20 million.
- with a finished cost of about 5-6 billion dollars.
Since 2008 - renamed “Shi Lang”
basic information
Type: Aircraft-carrying cruiser
Flag State: Flag of China China
Home port: Dalian
Construction started: December 6, 1985
Launched: November 25, 1988
Put into operation: not completed
Current status: sold
Kyiv is a heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of the Northern Fleet of the USSR Navy (USSR Navy).
Built from 1970 to 1975 in Nikolaev at the Black Sea Shipyard.
In 1993, due to a lack of funds for operation and repair, significant depletion of weapons, mechanisms and equipment, it was withdrawn from the fleet, then disarmed and sold to the PRC government. In early 1994, it was towed to Qinhuangdao, where it was converted into a museum.
In September 2003, the Kiev was towed to Tianjin.
basic information
Type: TAKR
Shipyard: Black Sea Shipyard in Nikolaev (USSR, now Ukraine)
Construction started: July 21, 1970
Launched: December 26, 1972
Commissioned: December 28, 1975
Withdrawn from the fleet: June 30, 1993
Current status: Sold Chinese company to an amusement park.
Minsk is a heavy aircraft carrier cruiser of the Black Sea Fleet of the USSR Navy, and later of the Russian Navy.
"Minsk" was launched on September 30, 1975.
Entered service in 1978.
In November 1978 it would be included in the Pacific Fleet.
In 1993, a decision was made to disarm the Minsk, its exclusion from the Russian Navy and its transfer to the OFI for dismantling and sale. In August 1994, after the ceremonial lowering of the Naval flag, it was disbanded.
At the end of 1995, the Minsk was towed to South Korea to cut its hull into metal. Afterwards, the aircraft carrier was resold to the Chinese company Shenzhen Minsk Aircraft Carrier Industry Co Ltd. In 2006, when the company went bankrupt, Minsk became part of the Minsk World military park in Shenzhen. On March 22, 2006, the aircraft carrier was put up for auction, but there were no buyers. On May 31, 2006, the aircraft carrier was put up for auction again and was sold for 128 million yuan.
basic information
Type: TAKR.
Flag State: Flag of the USSR USSR.
Shipyard: Black Sea Shipyard.
Launched: September 30, 1975.
Withdrawn from the fleet: June 30, 1993.
Current status: Sold to the entertainment center.
Novorossiysk - an aircraft carrier of the Black Sea and Pacific Fleets of the USSR Navy (USSR Navy) in 1978-1991.
For the first time in the USSR, an aircraft carrier was designed to accommodate troops on board, receive heavy transport helicopters and host Yak-38P fighters.
Built from 1975 to 1978 at a shipyard in Nikolaev (Black Sea Shipyard, director Gankevich). Changes made to the project during construction delayed the commissioning date until 1982. Since 1978, it was launched and completed floating.
On August 15, 1982, the USSR Naval Flag was solemnly raised on the ship, and on November 24 it was included in the Red Banner Pacific Fleet.
basic information
Type: aircraft carrier
Flag State: USSR Flag USSR
Launched: December 26, 1978
Withdrawn from the fleet: 1991
Current status: sold South Korea
Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser "Admiral Gorshkov"
(until October 4, 1990, it was called “Baku”, then renamed “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Gorshkov”, but recently in official documents it has been referred to in a simplified form as “Admiral Gorshkov”) - a Soviet and Russian heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser, the only ship of Project 1143.4 , sold to India on January 20, 2004. On March 5, 2004, the cruiser was expelled from the service of the Russian Navy, the current name was canceled, and the St. Andrew's flag was ceremonially lowered. Currently, the ship, after a complete rebuild, has been commissioned into the Indian Navy as the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya and is being completed afloat at one of the berths of the Northern Engineering Enterprise.
basic information
Type: Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser pr. 1143.4
Flag State: Russian Flag Russia
Launched: 1987
Withdrawn from the fleet: 2004
Current status: sold India January 20, 2004
"Ulyanovsk" (order S-107) - Soviet heavy nuclear aircraft carrier with a displacement of 75,000 tons, Project 1143.7.
Laid down on the slipway of the Black Sea Shipyard on November 25, 1988, construction ceased in 1991. By the end of 1991, most of the hull of the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier had been formed, but after funding ceased, the ship, almost a third complete, was cut up on the slipway. The metal intended for the second ship of this type was also melted down.
Ulyanovsk, which was to become the flagship of the Navy, was supposed to have an air group including up to 70 aircraft, such as Su-27K, Su-25, Yak-141 and Yak-44 helicopters and aircraft. The ship was equipped with two catapults, a springboard and an aero arresting device. To store the aircraft below deck there was a hangar measuring 175x32x7.9 m. They were lifted to the flight deck using 3 lifts with a lifting capacity of 50 tons (2 on the starboard side and 1 on the left). The Luna optical landing system was located in the aft part.
It was supposed to build 4 ships. On October 4, 1988, the lead Ulyanovsk (serial number 107) was included in the lists of Navy ships and on November 25 was laid down at the Black Sea Shipyard No. 444 in Nikolaev. Commissioning was planned for December 1995.
basic information
Type: Heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser
Flag State: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics USSR
Home port: Sevastopol
Current status: disposed of
"Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov"
Aka “Soviet Union” (project),
aka “Riga” (bookmark),
aka “Leonid Brezhnev” (launching),
aka “Tbilisi” (tests))
- heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser of Project 1143.5, the only one in its class in the Russian Navy (as of 2009). Designed to engage large surface targets and protect naval formations from attacks by a potential enemy.
Named in honor of Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov, Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union. Built in Nikolaev, at the Black Sea Shipyard.
During cruises, the aircraft-carrying cruiser is based on Su-25UTG and Su-33 aircraft of the 279th naval fighter aviation regiment (based airfield - Severomorsk-3) and Ka-27 and Ka-29 helicopters of the 830th separate naval anti-submarine helicopter regiment (based airfield - Severomorsk-1).
On December 5, 2007, “Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union Kuznetsov” led a detachment of warships that set off on a voyage to the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Thus, the Russian Navy has resumed its presence in the world's oceans.
Large anti-submarine ships of the Komsomolets of Ukraine type (project 61, NATO code - Kashin).
As of 2009, the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy includes only one (SKR “Smetlivy”) of the 20 ships of the project that entered the USSR Navy in the period from 1962 to 1973. The remaining 19 ships are currently written off and dismantled for metal.
No. Name Shipyard Laid down Launched In service Decommissioned Fleet
1. Komsomolets of Ukraine Nikolaev 09/15/1959 12/31/1960 12/31/1962 06/24/1991 H
2. Smart Nikolaev 07/20/1960 11/04/1961 12/26/1963 07/03/1992 Ch, S
3. Provorny Nikolaev 02/10/1961 04/21/1962 12/25/1964 08/21/1990 H
4. Ognevoy Leningrad 05/05/1962 05/31/1963 12/31/1964 04/25/1989 B, C
5. Exemplary Leningrad 07/29/1963 02/23/1964 09/29/1965 06/30/1993 B
6. Gifted Leningrad 01/22/1963 09/11/1964 12/30/1965 04/19/1990 S, T
7. Brave Nikolaev 08/10/1963 10/17/1964 12/31/1965 11/12/1974† H
8. Glorious Leningrad 07/26/1964 04/24/1965 09/30/1966 06/24/1991 B
9. Slender Nikolaev 03/20/1964 07/28/1965 12/15/1966 04/12/1990 C
10. Guardian Leningrad 07/26/1964 02/20/1966 12/21/1966 06/30/1993 T
11. Red Caucasus Nikolaev 11/25/1964 02/09/1966 09/25/1967 05/01/1998 H
12. Resolute Nikolaev 06/25/1965 06/30/1966 12/30/1967 11/01/1989 H
13. Smart Nikolaev 08/15/1965 10/22/1966 09/27/1968 02/22/1993 C
14. Strict Nikolaev 02/22/1966 04/29/1967 12/24/1968 06/30/1993 T
15. Sharp-witted Nikolaev 07/15/1966 08/26/1967 09/25/1969 - H
16. Brave Nikolaev 11/15/1966 02/06/1968 12/27/1969 03/05/1988 B, B
17. Red Crimea Nikolaev 02/23/1968 02/28/1969 10/15/1970 06/24/1993 H
18. Capable Nikolaev 03/10/1969 04/11/1970 09/25/1971 01/06/1993 T
19. Fast Nikolaev 04/20/1970 02/26/1971 09/23/1972 11/22/1997 H
20. Restrained Nikolaev 03/10/1971 02/25/1972 12/30/1973 05/29/1991 H
21. DD51 Rajput (Reliable) Nikolaev 09/11/1976 09/17/1977 11/30/1979 05/04/1980 India
22. DD52 Rana (Destructive) Nikolaev 11/29/1976 09/27/1978 09/30/1981 02/10/1982 India
23. DD53 Ranjit (Dexterous) Nikolaev 06/29/1977 06/16/1979 07/20/1983 11/24/1983 India
24. DD54 Ranvir (Hard) Nikolaev 10/24/1981 03/12/1983 12/30/1985 10/28/1986 India
25. DD55 Ranjivay (Tolkovy) Nikolaev 03/19/1982 02/01/1986 02/01/1986 01/15/1988 India
Anti-submarine cruiser-helicopter carriers.
Moscow - sold to India, cut into scrap metal.
Leningrad - taken in tow to India, where they were cut up for metal.
Project 1164 cruisers
"Moskva" - (former name - "Slava") is the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet
"Marshal Ustinov" - part of the Northern Fleet.
"Varyag" is the flagship of the Pacific Fleet.
"Ukraine"(formerly "Admiral of the Fleet Lobov")
In 1993 it became part of the Ukrainian Navy, the decision to complete it was made in 1998, but Ukraine cannot commission it, and therefore the cruiser is standing at the pier, options for selling the cruiser are being considered.
Total:
-Out of SEVEN heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers, ONE is ready to defend Russia.
Five SOLD.
One was disposed of.
Of two anti-submarine cruisers-helicopter carriers
SOLD OUT TWO.
From 20 BOD (project 61)
19 ships written off and dismantled to metal.
Of the four missile cruisers of Project 1164
3 active.
1 per pre-sale stage.
P.p.s.:
BUILT and under construction ships and submarines of the Russian Navy:
in recent years:
Etc. 20380 “Steregushchiy” Russia, 2008 Corvette --- 2 built +2 under construction
Etc. 22460 "Rubin" Russia 2009 PSKR --- 1 built
Etc. 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" Russia 2011 Frigate --- 2 under construction (not to be confused with the aircraft carrier "A. Gorshkov" of the same name!))
Etc. 21630 “Buyan” Russia 2007 MAK (small artillery ship) --- 1 built in 2006 +2 under construction
Etc. 20370 Russia, 2001 Communications Boat --- 4 built
Etc. 20180 “Zvezdochka” Russia, 2007 PTS --- 1 in 2007 +1 under construction 5-6 units are expected in the series. minimum
Etc. 20120 Russia, 2008 Experimental diesel-electric submarine 1 built by SF - B-90 “Sarov”
Etc. 18280 Russia, 2004 Communications ship 1 built "Admiral Yu. Ivanov", +1 under construction. SSV, that is, scout
Etc. 11711 “Ivan Gren” Russia, 2012 BDK (large landing ship) 1 under construction +5 in the future Baltic Fleet
Etc. 16810 Russia, 2007 Deep-sea vehicle 2 built by "Rus" and "Consul"
Etc. 14230 “Sokzhoy” Russia, 2002 PC 2 built
Etc. 1244.1 "Grom" Russia, 2009 TFR 1 in 2009 now "Borodino", training ship
Etc. 1431 “Mirage” Russia, 2001 PC 3 BF – 2, CF – 1.
Etc. 1166.1 "Gepard" Russia, 2001 MPK 2 built "Tatarstan" and "Dagestan" Series - 10.
Etc. 1244.1 “Grom” Russia, 2011 Frigate 1 by 2011
Etc. 266.8 "Agat" Russia, 2007 MT 1 built by the Baltic Fleet (=project 02268 "Adm. Zakharyin" delivered to the Black Sea Fleet)
Etc. 10410/2 “Svetlyak” USSR, 1987 PC, about thirty built in total, of which about ten have been built since the early 2000s. 1 is under construction.
Etc. 955/A “Borey”/“Kasatka” Russia, 2007 SSBN 1 built + 3 under construction, preparing to lay down 1
Etc. 885 “Ash” Russia, 2010 SSGN 1 is almost built. 1 is under construction. It is planned to lay 1 more within a year.
Etc. 677 "Lada" Russia, 2010 DPLT 1 built. 3 are under construction.
Etc. 10830 “Kalitka” Russia, 2003 AGS 1 built
PLANNED FOR CONSTRUCTION:
Etc. 677 "Lada" Russia, 2010 DPLT 3 are being built 4 by 2015. Construction of 20-25 is planned for now.
Etc. 955/A “Borey”/“Kasatka” Russia, 2007 SSBN 1 + 3 laid down Construction of 5 to 8 is planned
Etc. 885 “Ash” Russia, 2010 SSGN 1 under construction, 1 laid down Minimum 10 planned
Etc. 20180 “Zvezdochka” Russia, 2007 PTS 1 in 2007 +1 under construction 6 in the future
20380 "Ave. Steregushchiy" Russia, 2008 Planned construction of 20
Etc. 21630 “Buyan” Russia, 2007 MAK 1 in 2006 +2 under construction KF
Construction is planned from 5 to 7-15 until 2020.
Etc. 22350 “Admiral Gorshkov” Russia, 2011 Frigate 1 under construction + 1 laid down Planned construction 20
Additional links:
1) Project 210 nuclear submarine "Losharik" built in 2003
http://www.newsru.ru/russia/12aug2003/losharik.html
2) In 2008, two small landing boats “Serna” and 1 for the Black Sea Fleet entered service with the Caspian Flotilla (CF) of Russia (plan - 30 pieces). A total of 7 pieces were built, one is under construction.
http://prospekta.net.ru/np11770.html
3) A new generation patrol ship for the Border Guard has been launched
http://www.itar-tasskuban.ru/news.php?news=2302
the total order for the PV is 20 ships of this type; in November 2009, an icebreaker patrol ship for the PV, with a displacement of 1000 tons, was commissioned.
plus for the PV there is also an order for 30 PSKA boats pr.12200 "Sobol" and 20 boats pr.12150 "Mangust", plus new patrol boats "Sprut" and border patrol ships "Mirage" (not to be confused with the missile boat "Mirage")
4) The program for the restoration of heavy missile cruisers of the Kirov type (project 1144 and its modifications).
Currently, the Russian Navy has one nuclear-powered missile cruiser, the Peter the Great. The possibility of restoring and modernizing the nuclear cruiser Admiral Nakhimov, as well as Admiral Lazarev, is being discussed. According to Vladimir Popovkin, the Ministry of Defense considers it advisable to have up to three such ships in the Navy: one of them will be in the Pacific Fleet and two in the Northern Fleet.
http://www.oborona.ru/1001/1010/index.shtml?id=4213
Addition to the list.
The following are still being built for the RUSSIAN Navy:
*Basic minesweeper of project 12700 "Alexandrite". Currently, two ships of this project are being built. Note - minesweepers, mine hunters, and not conventional MTs
* Small landing ship on an air cavity of project 21820 "Dugong".
Currently, one ship of this project is being built, and an order for up to ten Dugongs has been announced.
*Project 18280 communications vessel. One vessel of this project is currently under construction, and a total of two vessels of project 18280 have been ordered.
*Rescue vessel of Project 21300S. Currently, one vessel of this type is being built, an order for a total of four vessels of Project 21300S has been announced.
*Rescue ship "Igor Belousov"
JSC "Admiralty Shipyards" is under construction. Laid down on December 24, 2005. Delivery to the fleet is announced for 2011.
*Maritime weapons transport of project 21130 "Diskant". One ship of this project is currently under construction. Laid out in 2008, commissioned in 2011.
*Maritime weapons transport (search and transport vessel) of Project 20180. One ship of this project is currently under construction.
*Crane loader vessel of project 20360 "Dubnyak". Currently, one vessel of this project is being built, and an order for two Dubnyaks has been announced.
*Test vessel of project 11982. Currently one vessel is under construction. "Seliger" Laid down on July 8, 2009. Delivery to the fleet is announced for 2011.
*Sea rescue tug project 22030. Currently, one vessel of this project is being built, and the order of three such tugs has been announced. The first one was delivered in 2011.
*Sea rescue tug project 745MB "Morzh". Currently, two ships of this project (in the 745MB modification) are being built, and a total of four Walruses have been ordered.
*Small hydrographic vessel of project 19910. The lead vessel ("Vaigach") entered the fleet in 2008. One vessel of this type is currently under construction, and a total of four Project 19910 vessels have been ordered.
*Large hydrographic boat of project 19920 (19920B). The lead boat of this project, BGK-2090, entered the fleet in 2008. Currently one boat of this type is being built.
*Project 90600 raid tug. Since 2003, 18 Project 90600 tugs have been built (including one for the Russian Navy). Currently, 2 vessels of this project are being built, and the Russian Navy has announced an order for a total of five tugs.
* In addition, ordered:
OJSC "Baltic Shipyard "Yantar"" (Kaliningrad) Oceanographic vessel of project 22010 2013
JSC "Vostochnaya Verf" (Vladivostok) Landing boat 2011
OJSC "Okskaya Shipyard" (Navashino, Nizhny Novgorod region) Crane loader vessel project 20360 2010
JSC "Khabarovsk Shipyard" Two sea rescue tugs of project 22030 2011
JSC "Zelenodolsk Plant named after A. M. Gorky" (Zelenodolsk, Tatarstan) Two sea rescue tugs of project 745MB, 2010 and 2011
Astrakhan Ship Repair Plant Project 705B road tug, 2011
JSC "Leningrad Shipyard "Pella"" Two road tugs of project 90600, 2010 and 2011
OJSC "Sokolskaya Shipyard" (Sokolskoye village, Nizhny Novgorod region) Project 1388NZ raid boat, 2010
JSC "Shipbuilding Plant named after the October Revolution" (Blagoveshchensk, Amur region) Two self-propelled barges 2009 and 2010
35th ship repair plant (Murmansk) Project 1394 boat, 2010.
By Order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy of the Russian Federation No. 235 dated April 15, 1999, the date of formation Pacific Fleet installed May 21st 1731.
Even during the reign of Anna Ioannovna (1730 – 1740), the capital of Russia began to receive information about attacks by the Japanese, Chinese and Manchus on the Far Eastern territories of the Russian Empire. To protect lands, sea trade routes and fisheries, Russian Far Easterners were forced to build ships and vessels, placing them at military ports.
May 21st(10 – old style) In 1731, the Senate established the Okhotsk military port - the first permanent Russian naval unit in the Far East. Thus, the ships and vessels of the Okhotsk port were the initial link in the emergence of Russian naval forces in the Far East, which played a decisive role in ensuring the protection of its interests in the region, and subsequently turned into Pacific Fleet.
But back in the first half of the 17th century, Russians began to penetrate the Far Eastern shores of the Pacific Ocean, and their constant study and development began. There are documents confirming the reality of Russian discoverers reaching the Pacific Ocean already in 1639-1641.
Previously Day of formation of the Pacific Navy celebrated on April 21. However, historians have proven that the starting date should be considered May 21, 1731, when the Senate Decree on the establishment of the Okhotsk military flotilla was issued. By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, a new date of formation of the Russian Pacific Fleet.
Pacific Fleet
Pacific Fleet(Pacific Fleet) is an operational-strategic association of the Russian Navy.
Russian Pacific Fleet, as an integral part of the Navy and the Armed Forces of Russia as a whole, is a means of ensuring Russia’s military security in the Asia-Pacific region.
To complete assigned tasks Pacific Fleet It includes strategic missile submarines, multi-purpose nuclear and diesel submarines, surface ships for operations in the ocean and near sea zones, naval missile-carrying, anti-submarine and fighter aircraft, and units of coastal troops.
Main tasks of the Russian Pacific Fleet currently are:
maintaining naval strategic nuclear forces in constant readiness in the interests of nuclear deterrence; protection of the economic zone and areas of production activity, suppression of illegal production activities; ensuring navigation safety; carrying out foreign policy actions of the government in economically important areas of the World Ocean (visits, business visits, joint exercises, actions as part of peacekeeping forces, etc.)
Pacific Fleet- the largest operational-tactical formation of the Russian Navy, a factor of peace and military-political balance in the Pacific Ocean and the Russian Far Eastern borders.
History of the Pacific Fleet
History of the Pacific Fleet as a full-time association began only at the end of the 19th century, but Russian sailors mastered the ocean much earlier. In the 17th-18th centuries, the first settlements appeared on the Kamchatka and Okhotsk coasts, founded by Cossack explorers and seafarers. Bering's Great Northern Expedition and other voyages of the 18th century provide Russia and the world with accurate cartography of the North Pacific Ocean. At the same time, the development of the biological resources of the region begins - sea animals, whales, fish. The Far East did not have a close connection with Russia, and the Primorye region did not belong to it at all - the modern border along the Amur and Ussuri was approved only in 1860.
At the same time, on June 20, 1860, on the shores of the Zolotoy Rog Bay, the city and port of Vladivostok was founded - the future capital of Russian Primorye. The warships based in the city immediately became an active instrument of Russian policy in the region. In 1863, a squadron of six pennants under the command of Rear Admiral Popov set off for San Francisco from Vladivostok. The simultaneous arrival of Rear Admiral Lesovsky's Baltic squadron in New York became a powerful argument in support of the Northern states in the American Civil War. Russian ships in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans became one of the most important factors that prevented England from intervening in the civil war on the side of the South.
Vladivostok became the official capital of Primorye and the fleet in 1871, when the residence of the governor and the main base of the Siberian military flotilla were moved there from Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. In 1880, regular service opened on the Odessa-Vladivostok line. The journey across two oceans then took 46 days. The city and the fleet base were finally connected to central Russia by the Trans-Siberian Railway, which began service in 1903.
At the end of the 19th century, the western Pacific became an arena of rivalry between Russia and Japan. The once friendly relations between the two countries, which allowed the Pacific squadron to winter in ice-free Nagasaki, cooled. The strengthening of Russia in Primorye and Manchuria dealt a blow to the growing interests of Japan. The war of 1904-1905, which Japan fought with English loans on English-built ships, was lost by Russia for a number of reasons, the main ones being the incompetence of the senior command staff and the remoteness of the theater of operations from the leading industrial regions of the country. In the Far Eastern waters, the Russian fleet suffered the largest defeat in its history - in the Battle of Tsushima. This war is also remembered for the immortal exploits of the cruiser “Varyag”, the destroyer “Steregushchiy”, and the coastal defense battleship “Admiral Ushakov” - who died in battles against a much superior enemy.
After the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, Russia's naval forces in the Far East were sharply limited. The Pacific Fleet is once again turning into the Siberian Flotilla, intended for coastal defense. The restoration of naval forces in Primorye began after the revolution and civil war, in the 30s. The status of a fleet was assigned to the naval forces of the Far East on January 11, 1935. The first commander of the Soviet Pacific Fleet was the flagship of the 1st rank fleet, Mikhail Viktorov.
In the 30s of strength Pacific Fleet took part in local conflicts - fleet aviation conducted air battles with Japanese aircraft during the battles near Lake Khasan and on the Khalkhin Gol River. The fleet did not take part in the Great Patriotic War, but some of the submarines and destroyers Pacific Fleet moved to the North, where she took part in the battles. The main task of the fleet was to protect the maritime borders and Far Eastern communications of the USSR in the event of war with Japan. In the summer of 1945, the Pacific Fleet and the Amur Flotilla actively participated in hostilities against Japan. Fleet ships landed troops on southern Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.
In the first post-war years Pacific Fleet continued to carry out defensive tasks - the USSR was significantly inferior in naval power to its Cold War opponents. The capabilities of the fleet increased after the appearance of the latest light cruisers of Project 68bis, destroyers of Project 30bis and 56, diesel submarines of Project 611 and 613 - new combat units allowed the fleet to “break away from the coast” and enter the ocean.
After the appearance of nuclear submarines in the fleet, the basing system underwent significant changes. Nuclear-powered ships, which required free access to operational space, not constrained by the narrowness of the straits, to carry out combat missions, received a base in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. From the mid-60s to the end of the 80s, the USSR Pacific Fleet solved various problems. The main ones were: combat duty of strategic missile submarines in readiness to launch a nuclear strike, tracking aircraft carrier strike groups and nuclear submarines of the “probable enemy” and ensuring the Soviet presence in the Indian Ocean, where the 8th operational squadron of the USSR Navy served . In addition, having the most powerful group of marines among the Soviet fleets, the Pacific Fleet was supposed to, if necessary, ensure the landing of Soviet troops on the Japanese islands.
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Any state at all times could be characterized by analyzing three main aspects, namely: the level of freedom of citizens, the prevailing method of regulating social relations, the development of law enforcement agencies and armed forces. The last element is of great importance even in the modern world. It would seem, why do we need a strong army today if most large-scale military conflicts were ended in the 20th century? After all, there are simply no truly significant international problems today. Nevertheless, the 21st century, as recent events have shown, is not an “oasis” of stability. Most states do not trust other representatives of the international arena. Such a mode of interaction is a time bomb, which could escalate into a full-fledged war in the future. To prevent this from happening, states are obliged to build up military power to suppress any kind of provocation. It should be noted that in some states today there are already highly mobile and combat-ready units. The Russian Federation is one of these countries. Its armed forces include the Pacific Navy, which has an extremely interesting history and a number of characteristic features.
Navy of the Russian Federation
The fleet is the main combat group on the water. Throughout history, this type of military has been modernized and become more and more deadly. As for Russia, our state has not always been famous for its developed naval forces, when compared with similar units in England, Spain and Portugal. Nevertheless, the “exit to Europe” cut by Peter I made it possible to develop a new sector of military art. Today, the Navy of the Russian Federation is one of the components of the state’s armed forces. It has its own structure and a number of functional tasks that differ in specificity. 
Composition of the Navy
The structure of the Navy can be viewed from two perspectives. In the first case, it is necessary to take into account the individual units included in the represented branch of the military. Today the Russian Navy includes:
surface and submarine forces; naval aviation; coastal naval forces.
But in addition to being divided into specific power structures, the entire Navy of the Russian Federation is divided into certain parts formed by strategic necessity and territorial location. In accordance with this, they distinguish:
Baltic.Northern.Caspian.Black Sea.Pacific Fleet.
The last grouping is one of the largest, considering the number of equipment and personnel.
Russian Navy – Pacific Fleet
Today, the Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in terms of territoriality. The fleet in this case is a way to protect the main exits of a power to the World Ocean. The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy is a military group of the same type of service, part of the Armed Forces of the state. It contains a large number of special technical means. With their help, the group ensures security in the Asia-Pacific region.
The truly legendary history of the presented military group determined its popularity and authority. This fact is manifested in the existence of a memorial date dedicated to this structural unit of the armed forces. Thus, May 21 is the day of the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy.
The imperial period in the history of the Pacific group of the Navy
The territory of the Russian Federation extends for many kilometers. Therefore, the state has many outlets to the sea. But the Pacific Fleet did not always exist. The starting point in its history is 1716, when the Okhotsk military port was created. For a long time, this location was the main naval base in the Far Eastern territories. The next stage in the development of the structural element of the Navy began in 1731. This date marked the appearance of the Okhotsk military flotilla, the decree on the creation of which was given by Empress Anna Ioannovna.
The Pacific Fleet received its first baptism in 1854. From August 18 to 24, two ships, the Aurora and the Dvina, resisted the superior Anglo-French squadron. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian Empire began to increase the power of the Pacific group due to the escalation of conflicts with Japan. During this period, the Russian Navy's Pacific Fleet was based at a point known as Port Arthur. 
In 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, most of the imperial fleet was destroyed, as the enemy forces at sea were superior.
The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy played a significant role in the process of establishing Soviet power in the Far East in 1917. Most of the sailors of the group fought for the establishment of the “red” regime. However, the Pacific Fleet was disbanded in 1926. The restoration of the unit occurred only after 6 years. And already in 1937, the Pacific Naval School began to function. During World War II, the unit fought the Germans and Japanese.
After the Russian Federation gained independence, the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy, the composition of which is presented in the article, began to develop rapidly. The evolution of this branch of the armed forces is explained quite simply. The Far East is of great strategic importance. Therefore, its protection is of paramount importance. In accordance with this, in 2000, a total technical renewal of the Pacific Fleet began.
Today, the presented unit is one of the most combat-ready, if you analyze the entire structure of the Navy. The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy, whose contacts can be found on the Internet, has a whole range of functional areas that will be presented below. 
Main tasks of the group
Today, many questions arise about what the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy, the composition of which is presented in the article, does? Even despite the relatively peaceful climate prevailing throughout the international community, the military group mentioned in the article performs a huge number of functional tasks.
The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy ensures the maintenance of strategic forces in combat readiness to deter possible nuclear aggression. The group protects the main economic areas in the controlled region. Ensures the implementation of any kind of foreign policy actions: business visits, exercises, peacekeeping operations, etc. The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy, The photo of which is presented in this article is also involved in ensuring navigation safety.
Thus, the unit implements important tasks in the Far Eastern region. In order to ensure the efficiency of performing basic functions, several group bases operate in the Sea of Okhotsk. Today there are five main places where the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy is located. Vladivostok is the main base. In addition to it, the technical and personnel personnel of the group are located in Fokino, Bolshoy Kamen, Vilyuchinsk and Sovetskaya Gavan. Thus, the Far Eastern border is covered in several directions at once, which allows the formation to more effectively implement its tasks.
Technical equipment of the Pacific Fleet
The Far Eastern Navy grouping today includes a large amount of equipment of various types. Today, the basis of the Pacific Fleet is the following technical means, namely:
submarine cruisers; nuclear and diesel submarines; surface ships that operate in near sea and ocean zones; missile-carrying, anti-submarine, and fighter aircraft. 
If we analyze the technical component of the Pacific Fleet in more detail, then it is based on the cruisers of the Orlan project, destroyers Sarych, small anti-submarine ships Albatross, missile boats Molniya, anti-sabotage boats Grachonok, etc. Elite submarine units type are large and small nuclear submarines "Antey" and "Shchuka-B".
Features of the organizational composition of the Pacific Fleet
It should be noted that the structure of the unit includes not only submarine and surface forces, but also some special formations. For example, Marine Corps groups, anti-aircraft missile units and electronic warfare units are of great importance. These formations ensure the effective performance of functional tasks, as well as a high level of security on the Far Eastern borders.
But a logical question arises, what is the Russian Navy’s Pacific Fleet famous for, besides the mentioned technical base? The answer is the legendary flagship Varyag.
Pacific Fleet flagship
The Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy, whose base is located in Vladivostok, includes the main, leading ship. The flagship of Project 1164 “Varyag” was launched in 1982. Despite its age, the ship is perfectly suited for modern combat missions. It is capable of reaching speeds of up to 32 knots. Swimming autonomy can last about 30 days. The Varyag can carry 680 crew members and cover a distance of 7,000 miles. The ship's displacement is 11,300 tons. 
As for military power, the Varyag missile cruiser can compete with many modern ships. The flagship's armament consists of several elements. This:
helicopter "Ka-27"; 2 anti-aircraft complexes of the "Osa" type; 2 torpedo tubes; 8 anti-aircraft missile systems "Fort"; 16 installations of the "Vulcan" type; 6 installations "AK-630"; one installation "AK-130".
Thus, the ship, taking into account its technical characteristics, can proudly bear the status of a flagship.
Flagship activities
Even taking into account the authoritative status of the Varyag ship, it is a combat missile cruiser that can be used to perform combat missions, as has already been stated earlier. The most striking examples of the flagship's activities in recent times are its participation in several operations. Firstly, the Varyag took part in the Russian-Indian naval exercises, which took place in 2015 from December 7 to 12. Secondly, on January 3, 2016, the cruiser replaced the Moskva ship and ensured the completion of the combat mission. Its main goal was to cover the air group of the Russian Air Force, which was operating at that moment in Syria. All goals set for the flagship were achieved. Therefore, by the summer of 2016, the ship returned to Vladivostok with the entire crew on board.
Conclusion
So, we tried to find out the technical condition and main tasks carried out by the Pacific Fleet of the Russian Navy. Vladivostok is the main base of formation today. It should be noted that the group is one of the most lethal and developed units in the Russian Armed Forces. Therefore, there is no need to worry about the security of the Far Eastern sea borders of our state.
The formal founding date of the Russian Pacific Fleet, the largest operational-tactical formation of the Russian Navy today, is considered to be May 21 (10 old style) May 1731. On this day, by decree of the Senate, the Okhotsk military flotilla was established and its location was determined - the newly created Okhotsk military port. This date was established by order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy on April 15, 1999 as the birthday of the Pacific Fleet. Ironically, that order practically coincided with another, informal date for the founding of the Pacific Fleet - April 21: on this day in 1932, order No. 1 was issued for the Naval Forces of the Far East.
If we briefly return to the events of the 18th century that determined the history of the Pacific Fleet, we will notice that the first real combat ships in the Far East appeared only in 1799, when, by order of Emperor Paul I, three frigates and three small ships were sent to Okhotsk - the firstborn of a permanently operating military flotilla. After the defense of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the fleet in the Pacific Ocean became a world-famous military force, and as a result of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905, alas, it virtually ceased to exist: by the beginning of the First World War, the Siberian Military Flotilla included only two cruisers, 8 destroyers, 17 destroyers and 13 submarines. But even from those by 1922, when the Soviet government first began creating the Naval Forces of the Far East, there was nothing left: all the ships were far from new, and they did not last long. Therefore, in 1926, the unit was disbanded, and only five years later Moscow again returned to the idea of restoring the military fleet in the Pacific Ocean. But this time it was a real strategic decision, which ultimately led to the creation of one of the most powerful fleets in the world.
The cruiser "Zhemchug" as part of the Siberian flotilla. Photo: wikipedia.org
The final decision that a navy in the Pacific Ocean was not only necessary, but required immediately to prevent the occupation of the Soviet Far East, was made at the end of the summer of 1931. The basis for this was the visit of a military commission led by People's Commissar of Defense Kliment Voroshilov to Vladivostok, from which the first Red Marshal brought an unequivocal and disappointing conclusion: “The capture of Vladivostok is a simple expedition that can be entrusted to any dummy adventurer.”
When on September 18, 1931, the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded China and the state of Manchukuo, controlled from Tokyo, appeared on the eastern borders of the USSR, the words of the People's Commissar began to be perceived as prophetic. And on February 25, 1932, the Revolutionary Military Council adopted the “Plan of Actions for the Formation of the MSDV,” that is, the Naval Forces of the Far East. They didn’t come up with a new name for the Pacific Fleet - they got by with the one they had known since 1922. Moreover, this name corresponded to the accepted system of naming fleets in the USSR of that period: naval forces in the Baltic and Black Sea were called in the same way.
The commander of the new formation was appointed on March 15, 1932. He became the current head of the Baltic Sea Naval Forces, a graduate of the Naval Cadet Corps (graduated in 1913 with honors), a participant in the First World War and the Civil War, Mikhail Viktorov. The appointment was logical: in the shortest possible time it was impossible to train a sufficient number of sailors, primarily commanders, capable of forming a new fleet practically from scratch, and it was necessary to send specialists from Kronstadt and Sevastopol to the Far East. And it was most convenient to do this when an authoritative commander called them along - well, except, of course, for political opportunities (and the Communist Party and Komsomol immediately announced a call for communists and Komsomol members to the new fleet).
The first order of the new commander of the Far East Naval Forces, issued on April 21, 1932, announced formations, units, ships and institutions of the new fleet. According to the document signed by Viktorov, the MSDV included: a barrage and minesweeping brigade (consisting of minelayers "Stavropol", "Tomsk" and "Erivan"), a patrol ship "Red Vympel", coastal defense units - the 9th artillery brigade and the 12th Air Defense and Air Force Regiment - the 19th Heavy Aviation Brigade and the 111th Long-Range Reconnaissance Squadron. In addition to them, the new formation included the Vladivostok military port, and Russky Island and the Vladivostok Zolotoy Rog and Ulysses bays became the bases.
On paper everything looked menacing and solid, but “in the metal” everything was much more deplorable. Minzag "Stavropol" (later renamed "Voroshilovsk") was a former transport steamer "Kotik", once purchased for the polar expedition of Grigory Sedov. “Tomsk” and “Erivan” were trade transports, which at the time the order was issued had not even been transferred to the jurisdiction of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet and were only just entering for re-equipment. And the patrol boat "Red Pennant" was built in 1910 as a yacht for the needs of the Kamchatka governor and only in 1922, due to great poverty, was reclassified into a warship.
All this meant one thing: in order to create a full-fledged fleet in the Pacific Ocean, special, previously unattended efforts and completely new solutions are needed. And they managed to find them in Moscow. First of all, it was decided to rely on a small-sized and submarine fleet, and to speed up the process, the ships were laid down at shipyards in Leningrad and Nikolaev, and from there they were transported by rail to Vladivostok. This is how, on May 11, 1932, the first 12 torpedo boats of the Sh-4 type, built by Leningrad shipbuilders, arrived at the disposal of the MSDV. These were the first ships of special military construction that became part of the new fleet. And less than a month later, the torpedo boats already went to sea for reconnaissance and crew coordination. By the way, the personnel for new ships often arrived along with them: these were officers and sailors from Kronstadt and Sevastopol.
The next major addition to the Far East Naval Forces was 12 Shch-class submarines of the V series. They were laid down at the Baltic Shipyard back in December 1931, that is, even before the decision to create a fleet in the Pacific Ocean was documented. They built the boats with a colossal effort of all forces and resources and therefore coped with the task quite quickly: already on June 1, 1932, the first train with sections of a submarine of the “Shch” type set off from Leningrad to Vladivostok. Technologically, the issue of completing the boats was resolved simply: at the Vladivostok Dalzavod (later plant No. 202) and at the Khabarovsk Ship Mechanical Plant (No. 368), the submarines were reassembled from sections and a set of equipment delivered by rail and launched. It took just five months, from June 1 to October 7, to complete the delivery of all 12 Shch-type boats to the fleet. On September 23, 1933, naval flags were raised on the first two Pacific boats Shch-11 "Karas" and Shch-12 "Bream" (later renamed Shch-101 and Shch-102), and by the end of September 1934 it entered service all a dozen boats of this type.
By this time, work was already in full swing in Vladivostok to prepare for the delivery of the second series of submarines, the “M” type, to the fleet. 28 submarines of this type were sent to the Far East - almost the entire series VI, with which the history of the “Malyutok” began. The first boats of the “M” type, which could be transported by rail almost entirely, having removed only the wheelhouse and equipment, departed from Nikolaev to Vladivostok on December 1, 1933 and arrived on the spot on January 6, 1934. A little over three months later, on April 28, the first two “Malyutki” - M-1 and M-2 - became part of the MSDV, and the last, 28th boat of this series - M-28 - in August 1935 became part of the Pacific Fleet , into which the Far East Naval Forces were renamed on January 11, 1935.
The Far Eastern naval forces also grew with new surface ships. In 1931–1935, in Leningrad and Nikolaev, six patrol boats of the “Hurricane” type were laid down for the Far East, named “Metel”, “Blizzard”, “Thunder”, “Burun”, “Molniya” and “Zarnitsa”. Like submarines, after construction they were disassembled into sections, which were sent to Vladivostok by rail, then reassembled and launched. In 1936, several ships of the Baltic and Black Sea fleets crossed the Northern Sea Route to Vladivostok. And by this time, the Far Eastern shipyards began to operate at full capacity.
By 1939, the Pacific Fleet consisted of more than 100 ships and submarines, including 13 of the newest C-type submarines. By the way, it was in the Pacific Ocean that submarines for the first time in the history of the Russian Navy became the main striking force of a single fleet. And by the beginning of the war with Japan in 1945, the Pacific Fleet was already quite a formidable force: it consisted of two cruisers, a leader, 12 destroyers, 19 patrol ships, 10 minelayers, 78 submarines and over 300 smaller warships. Moreover, command personnel for them were trained not only in Leningrad and Sevastopol, but also locally: since 1937, the Pacific Naval School named after Admiral S.O. Makarov in Vladivostok.
These images then clearly showed themselves not only in the Far East, but also in all other naval theaters of military operations. For example, the future admiral, commander-in-chief of the Navy Sergei Gorshkov, after transferring to the MSDV, became the navigator of the Tomsk mines, and then the flagship navigator of the entire barrage and minesweeping brigade. In the same brigade, the future commander-in-chief of the Northern Fleet during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war commander of the Baltic Fleet, Arseny Golovko, served as a flagship miner. And Admiral Nikolai Kuznetsov, who became the youngest People's Commissar of the Navy in the Soviet Union, was transferred to Moscow from Vladivostok in March 1939, after serving first as deputy and then commander of the Pacific Fleet.
Next in the section The capture of Navarino is the first major Russian victory in the Mediterranean On April 21, 1770, a Russian landing force under the command of Ivan Abramovich Hannibal captured the Navarin fortress. Read in the “History” section Daria Saltykova - the most famous sadist The investigation into the crime of the bloody lady was under the personal control of Catherine II
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