So, you were taken by surprise by the "pleasant" news. At work, the bosses happily announced that in a week you will have to presentation. And since the presentation will be attended by foreign partners, the presentation "must be in English without fail."
Before that, life seemed wonderful, the career moved smoothly, but inexorably uphill, relations with the authorities developed successfully. And then at one moment you faced a choice - "to be or not to be?" You studied English at school, for lack of practice you forgot everything that was possible. Presentations were held - yes, but not in English! The only question that arises in the head: "So what to do now?"
- First and foremost- do not panic.
- Second - and this is where many people make a mistake - try to imagine in advance how the presentation will go. Based on the given prerequisites, draw up a plan for the upcoming presentation.
A typical presentation has the following structure:
- Starting
- Main part (introduction and focusing attention).
- first (first);
- second (second);
- third (thirdly);
- finally
- Conclusion.
- Answering questions.
Now that you have a clear structure of your future presentation in front of your eyes, you can proceed to a more detailed study of it.
So, the third: it's time to decide on the format of your presentation in English. This can be a formal meeting (partners are visiting for the first time), or a meeting that takes place in a casual, informal setting. Depending on this or that option, phrases for the presentation are also selected.
How to start a presentation
Cliche to start a presentation
| Starting | |
| formal meeting | Informal meeting |
| good morning/afternoon/evening ladies and gentlemen….. My name is… and I "m head of the marketing department. Our purpose this morning is to hear a presentation and to discuss it with all of you. | Okay everybody. Please take a seat. Let's get started. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me at the end of the presentation. We'll hear a presentation and discuss it to see if there are any fresh ideas. |
| take a seat- take a seat purpose- purpose, get started- to begin, discuss- discuss, feel free to ask- feel free to ask fresh ideas- fresh ideas. | |
As a rule, the responsibility to open the rally is undertaken by the authorities, but if you have a few "control" phrases in reserve, it won't hurt!)
main part
After the introduction, it is usually your turn to start the presentation. Here it will be useful to stock up on a number of introductory phrases and tell about the structure of the presentation.
Cliche for the main part
| Introduction | |
| formal meeting | Informal meeting |
| As you already know, today's presentation is designed to present some important points of … This first slide shows our agenda for the day. |
all right, let me start by saying thanks to all of you for the interest in this presentation. I would like to talk to you today about …. for…minutes. |
| First, I will begin with an overview of… Then, Ms. Smooth will present the data that she gathered and her ideas for … She will be followed by Mr. Hanson, who will discuss adapting our product to meet market needs, and at last we'll make a conclusion with the main recommendations. |
First I would like to talk about…. Then I would like you to take a look at… Following that we're going to talk about… Then I "m going to wrap things up with our team's recommendations. Lastly we are going to discuss… |
| Since we have very limited time today, please hold your questions until the end of the presentation. | Any questions so far? Please feel free to interrupt me at any time. |
| be designed- be thoughtful slide- slide, agenda- agenda, let me start- let's start say thanks- give thanks overview- overview, present the data- present data at last- finally, conclusion- conclusion, wrap things up- let's finish hold the questions- keep (do not forget) questions, so far- bye, interrupt- interrupt | |
Representing visual materials your presentation (usually in Power Point or any other similar program), you must also have some duty phrases, which create "links-transitions" between slides, and help listeners not to lose the main idea of the presentation.
Some of the phrases given below will help you not to get confused and focus the attention of the audience on the most important points of the presentation. The phrases are the same for any type of presentation - formal and informal.
Phrases for the main part
You also need to know the elementary names graphs, tables etc. in English.
pie chart- pie chart,
table- table,
bar chart- bar graph,
line graph- line chart,
market share- market segment
It’s good to learn (if you didn’t know) or remember (if you knew and forgot) - some useful terms that will help you correctly convey the main idea of your presentation to the listener and clearly present information in graphs, tables, etc.:
represent- introduce, rise slowly- rise slowly go up steadily- rise steadily rise gradually- grow gradually rise sharply- take off sharply keep steady- stay at a certain level
descend- decrease fall/go down/drop- fall, fall slowly- fall slowly fall steadily- steadily decline drop sharply- fall sharply
justify- to confirm currently- currently, raise the price- to raise the price, compared to- compared with, revenue- income
rise by 5%- rise by 5%, drop from… to…- the price fell from ... to ..., go to the level of 35%- reach the level of 35%
How to end a presentation
The phrases concluding the presentation, as a rule, differ little in the formal and informal versions.
Phrases to end the presentation
Answers on questions
Of course, it is very good when the presentation is presented in such a way that there are no questions. But the speaker is bad who has not prepared for possible questions in advance. Therefore, an important point in preparing for a presentation in English is, among other things, the calculation of the "weak" points of your speech and the preparation of answers to possible questions in advance.
However, it is not always possible to calculate all the questions, unfortunately. Therefore, it’s good if you have a couple of template phrases prepared that will allow you to “pull” a little time and collect your thoughts if a completely unexpected difficult question is suddenly asked.
You can practice answering questions with any person who knows English. It can be your more advanced work colleague, an English tutor or just a good friend.
Phrases for the block "Answers to questions"
So, I hope this article will help beginners to master the art of presentation in English, gather their thoughts a little and not get confused during their speech. This will be especially important if the presentation really contains valuable and constructive suggestions!
Do you want to improve your spoken English? Learning colloquial phrases and expressions is just where to start!
This article contains everything you need in a conversation on absolutely any topic. You will make your speech richer and more varied, and communication with people more enjoyable and exciting!
Greetings and goodbyes
Of course, you can always get by with the words “Hello”, “How are you?” and “Goodbye”, but there are more diverse ways to say hello and goodbye, especially in a friendly setting (for example, in a group):
| How is it going? | How are things going? |
| How's life? | What's up? |
| How are things? | How is it? |
| Long time no see! | Long time no see! |
| What are you up to? | What are you doing? |
| What have you been up to? | What have you been doing all this time? |
| See you soon! | See you later! |
| see you later! | See you later! |
| Till next time! | Until next time! |
| good luck! | Good luck! |
| Take care! | Take care of yourself! |
| Talk to you later! | We'll talk to you later! |
| until we meet again! | See you! |
| Have a nice day! | Have a good day! |
| have a good weekend | Good weekend |
| Have a safe trip | Have a good trip |
| Say hi to… | Give my regards to … |
| Send my love to… | Say hello to... (if we are talking about relatives or close people) |
Introductory words
They make sentences more coherent and help the other person follow your train of thought. They also give you time to pick up words without creating large pauses in speech.
| In short / brief | in short |
| In a word | in a nutshell |
| as far / as to | concerning |
| Not to mention | not to mention |
| First of all/ above all | primarily |
| What's more | Moreover |
| By the way | by the way |
| After all | eventually; after all |
| Just for the record | for reference; so that you know |
| And so on and so forth | etc |
| If I'm not mistaken | if I'm not mistaken |
| In other words | in other words |
| On the contrary | vice versa |
| The thing is | The fact is that |
| So as to / so that | so that |
| either way | anyway |
| As a rule | usually, as a rule |
| As well as | just like |
| All the same | no difference |
| On one hand | On the one side |
| On the other hand | on the other side |
| Such as | For example |
| As I said before | as I already said |
| Believe it or not, but | believe it or not, but |
| If I remember right / If I recall correctly | If I remember it right |
Ways to express agreement or disagreement
There are many shades between "yes", "no" and "maybe". Whether you want to evade a direct rejection or, on the contrary, express your enthusiasm, these expressions will help you:
| Perhaps | Maybe maybe |
| Of course / sure | Certainly |
| Definitely | Definitely, definitely |
| Absolutely | Undoubtedly |
| Naturally | Naturally |
| Probably | Probably |
| You are right | You're right |
| It can hardly be so | It's hardly true |
| very well | Very good |
| Most likely | Most likely |
| Most unlikely | Unlikely |
| Not a bit | Not at all |
| I believe so / suppose so | I guess it is |
| I doubt it | I doubt |
| no way | No way, no way |
| Exactly so | Exactly |
| Quite so | Quite right |
| I agree with you | I agree with you |
| I am afraid you are wrong | I'm afraid you're wrong |
| I'm afraid so | I'm afraid so |
| I'm not sure | Not sure |
| I don't think so | I do not think so; unlikely |
| In a way / to a certain extent | In a way |
| no doubt | Undoubtedly |
| I'm in / I'm game | I am “for” (in response to an offer to go somewhere or do something) |
| I think I'll pass | Better without me |
| Deal! | Goes! |
| It's a great idea! | Great idea! |
| Not a very good idea | Not the best idea |
| I'm looking forward to it | I'm looking forward to it |
Polite phrases
Always nice in any language. Be sure your interlocutor will appreciate the knowledge of these phrases, whether it be gratitude, apology or just courtesy.
| I'm so sorry! | I'm really sorry! |
| I run your sorry! | Sorry! |
| I'm sorry, I can't. | I'm sorry, I can't. |
| Sorry, I meant well. | Sorry, I wanted the best. |
| It's very kind of you! | It is very kind of you! |
| Thank you anyway! | In any case, thanks! |
| Thank you in advance! | Thanks in advance! |
| Don't mention it! | Do not mention it! |
| May I help you? | Can I help you? |
| No problem / that's ok! | Everything is fine! |
| Don't worry about it! | Don't worry about it! |
| This way, please! | Here please! |
| after you! | After you! |
Ways to keep up the conversation and respond to what was said
Undoubtedly, the most popular conversational reaction is the word “Really?” Depending on intonation, it can express a variety of emotions, from sarcasm and irony to surprise and sincere delight. But, of course, there are other ways to show interest in what has been said:
| What's the matter? | What's the matter? |
| What's going on? / What's happening? | What's happening? |
| What's the trouble? | What is the problem? |
| What's happened? | What happened? |
| How was it? | Well, how? (How did everything go?) |
| Did I get you right? | Did I understand you correctly? |
| Don't take it to heart. | Don't take it to heart. |
| I didn't catch the last word. | I didn't understand the last word. |
| Sorry, I wasn't listening. | Sorry, I listened. |
| It doesn't matter. | It does not matter. |
| It is new to me. | This is news to me. |
| Let us hope for the best. | Let us hope for the best. |
| May I ask you a question? | Can I ask you a question? |
| Next time lucky! | Better luck next time! |
| Oh, that. That explains it. | That's it, that explains everything. |
| Say it again, please. | Could you repeat it, please. |
| So that's where the trouble lies! | So here's the thing! |
| things happen. | Anything happens. |
| What do you mean? | What do you have in mind? |
| Where were we? | Where did we leave off? |
| You were saying? | Did you say something? |
| I'm sorry, I didn't catch you. | I'm sorry, I didn't hear. |
| Lucky you! | You're lucky! |
| good for you! | The better for you! (In this phrase, a lot depends on intonation, often it implies sarcasm: “Well, well, I’m glad for you!”) |
| I'm so happy for you! | I'm so happy for you! (But this is said absolutely sincerely) |
| What do you know! | Who would have thought! |
Barack Obama's victory speech - full text
US president addresses supporters in Chicago after decisively winning a second term
At a rally on Wednesday in his hometown of Chicago, Barack Obama delivers a victory speech Link to this video
thank you. thank you. Thank you so much. (Sustained cheers, applause.)
Tonight, more than 200 years after a former colony won the right to determine its own destiny, the task of perfecting our union moves forward. (Cheers, applause.)
It moves forward because of you. It moves forward because you reaffirmed the spirit that has triumphed over war and depression, the spirit that has lifted this country from the depths of despair to the great heights of hope, the belief that while each of us will pursue our own individual dreams, we are an American family, and we rise or fall together as one nation and as one people. (Cheers, applause.)
Tonight, in this election, you, the American people, reminded us that while our road has been hard, while our journey has been long, we have picked ourselves up, we have fought our way back, and we know in our hearts that for the United States of America, the best is yet to come.
(Cheers, applause.) I want to thank every American who participated in this election. (Cheers, applause.) Whether you voted for the very first time (cheers) or waited in line for a very long time (cheers) – by the way, we have to fix that – (cheers, applause) – whether you pounded the pavement or picked up the phone (cheers, applause), whether you held an Obama sign or a Romney sign, you made your voice heard and you made a difference. (Cheers, applause.)
I just spoke with Governor Romney and I congratulated him and Paul Ryan on a hard-fought campaign. (Cheers, applause.) We may have battled fiercely, but it "s only because we love this country deeply and we care so strongly about its future. From George to Lenore to their son Mitt, the Romney family has chosen to give back to America through public service. And that is a legacy that we honor and applaud tonight. (Cheers, applause.) In the weeks ahead, I also look forward to sitting down with Governor Romney to talk about where we can work together to move this country forward.
(Cheers, applause.)
I want to thank my friend and partner of the last four years, America's happy warrior, the best vice-president anybody could ever hope for, Joe Biden. (Cheers, applause.)
And I wouldn't be the man I am today without the woman who agreed to marry me 20 years ago. (Cheers, applause.) Let me say this publicly. Michelle, I have never loved you more. (Cheers, applause.) I have never been prouder to watch the rest of America fall in love with you too as our nation's first lady. (Cheers, applause.)
Sasha and Malia - (cheers, applause) - before our very eyes, you "re growing up to become two strong, smart, beautiful young women, just like your mom. (Cheers, applause.) And I am so proud of you guys .But I will say that, for now, one dog's probably enough. (Laughter.)
To the best campaign team and volunteers in the history of politics – (cheers, applause) – the best – the best ever – (cheers, applause) – some of you were new this time around, and some of you have been at my side since the very beginning.
(Cheers, applause.) But all of you are family. No matter what you do or where you go from here, you will carry the memory of the history we made together. (Cheers, applause.) And you will have the lifelong appreciation of a grateful president. Thank you for believing all the way - (cheers, applause) - to every hill, to every valley. (Cheers, applause.) You lifted me up the whole day, and I will always be grateful for everything that you"ve done and all the incredible work that you"ve put in. (Cheers, applause.)
I know that political campaigns can sometimes seem small, even silly. And that provides plenty of fodder for the cynics who tell us that politics is nothing more than a contest of egos or the domain of special interests. But if you ever get the chance to talk to folks who turned out at our rallies and crowded along a rope line in a high school gym or – or saw folks working late at a campaign office in some tiny county far away from home, you" ll discover something else.
You "ll hear the determination in the voice of a young field organizer who" s working his way through college and wants to make sure every child has that same opportunity. (Cheers, applause.) You "ll hear the pride in the voice of a volunteer who" s going door to door because her brother was finally hired when the local auto plant added another shift. (Cheers, applause.)
You "ll hear the deep patriotism in the voice of a military spouse who"s working the phones late at night to make sure that no one who fights for this country ever has to fight for a job or a roof over their head when they come home.(Cheers, applause.)
That's why we do this. That's what politics can be. That "s why elections matter. It" s not small, it "s big. It" s important. Democracy in a nation of 300 million can be noisy and messy and complicated. We have our own opinions. Each of us has deeply held beliefs. And when we go through tough times, when we make big decisions as a country, it necessarily stirs passions, stirs up controversy. That won't change after tonight. And it shouldn't. These arguments we have are a mark of our liberty, and we can never forget that as we speak, people in distant nations are risking their lives right now just for a chance to argue about the issues that matter – (cheers, applause) – the chance to cast their ballots like we did today.
But despite all our differences, most of us share certain hopes for America's future.
We want our kids to grow up in a country where they have access to the best schools and the best teachers – (cheers, applause) – a country that lives up to its legacy as the global leader in technology and discovery and innovation – (scattered cheers, applause) - with all of the good jobs and new businesses that follow.
We want our children to live in an America that isn't burdened by debt, that isn't weakened up by inequality, that isn't threatened by the destructive power of a warming planet. (Cheers, applause.)
We want to pass on a country that "s safe and respected and admired around the world, a nation that is defended by the strongest military on Earth and the best troops this - this world has ever known - (cheers, applause) - but also a country that moves with confidence beyond this time of war to shape a peace that is built on the promise of freedom and dignity for every human being.
We believe in a generous America, in a compassionate America, in a tolerant America open to the dreams of an immigrant"s daughter who studies in our schools and pledges to our flag - (cheers, applause) - to the young boy on the south side of Chicago who sees a life beyond the nearest street corner - (cheers, applause) - to the furniture worker "s child in North Carolina who wants to become a doctor or a scientist, an engineer or an entrepreneur, a diplomat or even a president.
That "s the - (cheers, applause) - that"s the future we hope for.
(Cheers, applause.) That "s the vision we share. That"s where we need to go - forward. (Cheers, applause.) That's where we need to go. (Cheers, applause.)
Now, we will disagree, sometimes fiercely, about how to get there. As it has for more than two centuries, progress will come in fits and starts. It "s not always a straight line. It"s not always a smooth path. By itself, the recognition that we have common hopes and dreams won't end all the gridlock, resolve all our problems or substitute for the painstaking work of building consensus and making the difficult compromises needed to move this country forward.
But that common bond is where we must begin. Our economy is recovering. A decade of war is ending. (Cheers, applause.) A long campaign is now over. (Cheers, applause.) And whether I earned your vote or not, I have listened to you. I have learned from you. And you "ve made me a better president. And with your stories and your struggles, I return to the White House more determined and more inspired than ever about the work there is to do and the future that lies ahead. (Cheers, applause. )
Tonight you voted for action, not politics as usual. (Cheers, applause.) You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours.
And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties to meet the challenges we can only solve together – reducing our deficit, reforming our tax code, fixing our immigration system, freeing ourselves from foreign oil. We "ve got more work to do. (Cheers, applause.)
But that doesn't mean your work is done. The role of citizens in our democracy does not end with your vote. America's never been about what can be done for us; it "s about what can be done by us together, through the hard and frustrating but necessary work of self-government. (Cheers, applause.) That"s the principle we were founded on.
This country has more wealth than any nation, but that"s not what makes us rich. We have the most powerful military in history, but that"s not what makes us strong. Our university, our culture are all the envy of the world, but that "s not what keeps the world coming to our shores. What makes America exceptional are the bonds that hold together the most diverse nation on Earth, the belief that our destiny is shared - (cheers, applause) - that this country only works when we accept certain obligations to one another and to future generations, so that the freedom which so many Americans have fought for and died for come with responsibilities as well as rights, and among those are love and charity and duty and patriotism. That "s what makes America great. (Cheers, applause.)
I am hopeful tonight because I have seen this spirit at work in America. I "ve seen it in the family business whose owners would rather cut their own pay than lay off their neighbors and in the workers who would rather cut back their hours than see a friend lose a job. I"ve seen it in the soldiers who re-enlist after losing a limb and in those Seals who charged up the stairs into darkness and danger because they knew there was a buddy behind them watching their back. (Cheers, applause.) I "ve seen it on the shores of New Jersey and New York, where leaders from every party and level of government have swept aside their differences to help a community rebuild from the wreckage of a terrible storm. (Cheers , applause.)
And I saw it just the other day in Mentor, Ohio, where a father told the story of his eight-year-old daughter whose long battle with leukaemia nearly cost their family everything had it not been for healthcare reform passing just a few months before the insurance company was about to stop paying for her care. (Cheers, applause.) I had an opportunity to not just talk to the father but meet this incredible daughter of his. And when he spoke to the crowd, listening to that father's story, every parent in that room had tears in their eyes because we knew that little girl could be our own.
And I know that every American wants her future to be just as bright. That "s who we are. That" s the country I "m so proud to lead as your president. (Cheers, applause.)
And tonight, despite all the hardship we "ve been through, despite all the frustrations of Washington, I" ve never been more hopeful about our future. (Cheers, applause.) I have never been more hopeful about America. And I ask you to sustain that hope.
I "m not talking about blind optimism, the kind of hope that just ignores the enormity of the tasks ahead or the road blocks that stand in our path. I"m not talking about the wishful idealism that allows us to just sit on the sidelines or shirk from a fight. I have always believed that hope is that stubborn thing inside us that insists, despite all the evidence to the contrary, that something better awaits us so long as we have the courage to keep reaching, to keep working, to keep fighting. (Cheers, applause.)
America, I believe we can build on the progress we "ve made and continue to fight for new jobs and new opportunities and new security for the middle class. I believe we can keep the promise of our founding, the idea that if you"re willing to work hard, it doesn't matter who you are or where you come from or what you look like or where you love. It doesn't matter whether you're black or white or Hispanic or Asian or Native American or young or old or rich or poor, abled, disabled, gay or straight. (Cheers, applause.) You can make it here in America if you're willing to try.
(Cheers, applause.)
I believe we can seize this future together because we are not as divided as our politics suggests. We "re not as cynical as the pundits believe. We are greater than the sum of our individual ambitions and we remain more than a collection of red states and blue states. We are, and forever will be, the United States of America. ( Cheers, applause.)
And together, with your help and God's grace, we will continue our journey forward and remind the world just why it is that we live in the greatest nation on earth. (Cheers, applause.) Thank you, America. (Cheers, applause.) God bless you. God bless these United States. (Cheers, applause.)
Introductory phrases and insert words exist in any language. Such phrases help start a conversation, link parts of a conversation, parts of a sentence, thoughts and ideas to each other. Introductory phrases and words in English help to give emotional and semantic coloring to speech, make speech more expressive and rich. Such expressions can convey the attitude of the speaker to the statement. Examples of using introductory words and phrases in English
Knowing the introductory phrases and interjections in English will be very useful for those who are learning this language, because it will help the beginner to improve his language skills. Today we will look at the most common and frequently encountered introductory phrases in English, the so-called clichés, and their use in speech.
What are these English introductory phrases?
Introductory phrases are called introductory phrases because the sentence begins with them, and they do not play any grammatical or semantic role in the sentence. Such expressions enhance the emotionality and expressiveness of the statement, but if they are discarded, then the meaning of the sentence will not change in any way.
Here are the main clichés with examples that will help you diversify your English speech:
- Moreover, …- Moreover…
Tom is absent today, moreover, he is ill. Tom is absent today, moreover, he is ill. - Most of all, …- Most…
Most of all I like ice-cream. - Most of all I like ice cream. - It is important to know that … It's important to know that...
It is important to know that this question needs an urge decision. It is important to know that this issue needs to be resolved as soon as possible. - It is important to remember that … It's important to remember that...
It is important to remember that we have no time to be late, nobody will wait for us. — It is important to remember that we do not have time to be late, because no one will be waiting for us. - In conclusion… In conclusion... As a conclusion...
In conclusion I'd like to say that you've done a great job. In conclusion, I would like to say that you have done an excellent job. - After all, …- In the end…
I am sick and tired of this conversation, and after all, it's late, it's time to go home. - I'm tired of this conversation, and in the end, it's already late, it's time to go home. - In any case, … / Anyway, … / Either way, …“In any case…, still…
In any case, we should prevent him. Anyway he must know about the problem. “Anyway, we should warn him. Still, he should be aware of the problem. - Actually,…“Actually…
Actually Tom didn't know about the problem, so he isn't guilty. Actually, Tom didn't know about the problem, it's not his fault. - Happy…- Fortunately…
Tom is late. Fortunately, we didn't manage to begin the conference. Tom is late. Fortunately, we have not started the conference yet. - Unfortunately…- Unfortunately…
Unfortunately, I didn't finish my homework. Unfortunately, I didn't finish my homework. - Firstly…“First, first…
Let's begin. Firstly, I want to ask you some questions. - Let's start. First I would like to ask you a few questions. - Instead of…- Instead of…
Instead of watching TV now, you'd wash up. Instead of watching TV now, you should wash the dishes. - In the first place, …- At the first place…
In the first place we must finish our work for today. “First of all, we must finish our work for today. - From time to time, …- Occasionally…
Do you often see Alex? Yes, from time to time he visits me. Do you see Alex often? Yes, he visits me from time to time. - As a result of …- As a result of...
As a result of what is done, we have a great job. “As a result of what has been done, we have done a good job. - Indeed, …“Actually, actually…
Indeed, I need you. “Actually, I need you. Also in the proverb A friend in need is a friend indeed. - A friend in need is known (literally: a friend in need is really a friend). - In order to …- In order to, in order to ...
In order to manage everything, you should plan your day. To be successful, you must plan your day. - In other words, …- In other words…
She doesn't want to finish her task, in other words, she is lazy. She doesn't want to finish her work, in other words, she's lazy.
Popular introductory clichés in English speech More English introductory clichés
Of course, there are a lot of expressions in the English language that do not play any grammatical role in the sentence, but lexically enrich and decorate speech:
- It seems that…- It seems that…
It is cloudy and windy outside. It seems to me that it will rain. — It is cloudy and windy outside. I think it will rain. - In short, …- Briefly speaking…
I am not sure he understood the problem. In short, he didn't understand anything. I'm not sure he understood what the problem was. In short, he did not understand anything. - Besides, …- Moreover…
I am very tired; besides, I think that I've caught a cold. I'm very tired, besides, I think I've caught a cold. - In addition,…“Besides, besides…
We have a lot of work. In addition, we must finish it till Sunday. — We have a lot of work. Besides. we have to finish it before sunday. - By the way, … By the way, by the way...
By the way, did you pay for the internet? By the way, did you pay for the Internet? - However,…“Nevertheless, still…
I've finished my article; however, I have some details. - I have finished my article, however, there are still some details left. - Frankly speaking, …- Honestly…
Frankly speaking, I don't believe him. “Honestly, I don't believe him. - In my opinion, … In my opinion, in my opinion...
In my opinion, Alex is a very sincere man. — In my opinion, Alex is a very sincere person. - At first, ... / First, ...- First, first...
Can I take your car? At first, I must speak with my parents. — Can I take your car? First I have to talk to my parents. - First of all, …- Primarily…
I want to be a doctor. But first of all, I must finish the school. - I want to be a doctor. But first of all I have to finish school. - Let us/Let's/Let me…- Allow me, let's...
Let me see your documents. Let me see your papers. - On the one hand, …, on the other hand, …- On the one hand on the other hand…
On the one hand this question is very important, but on the other hand it can wait.- On the one hand, this question is very important, on the other hand, it can wait. - Also, …- Also…
I've bought some dresses for my daughter; also I've bought a skirt for me. — I bought some dresses for my daughter, I also bought a skirt for myself. - Nevertheless, …“Nevertheless, despite…
Nevertheless, Ann is late, we'll begin without her. Even though Anna is late, we will start without her. - I would rather…- I would prefer…
I would rather finish this exercise. — I'd rather finish this exercise. - I would like to…- I would like…
I would like ice cream with fruits. — I'd like ice cream sundae. - I think, … / I believe, … / I guess, …/I consider… I think, I think, I guess...
I consider that our planet needs protection. “I think our planet needs protection. - Maybe...- May be…
Tom didn't come to our party. Maybe he is ill. Tom didn't come to our party. Maybe he got sick. - Probably...- Probably…
Probably Kate will win the contest. - Probably, Katya will win this competition. - It's possible that…- It is possible that...
I can't connect the internet. It's possible that our computer is broken. I can't access the internet, maybe our computer is broken.
So, these were the main introductory phrases and plug-in constructions in English. We hope that these simple clichés and expressions will help you connect sentences as you speak.
Speaking in front of a large audience is always difficult. You have already imagined how clearly, interestingly and consistently you state your idea, how people applaud you and your brilliant ideas. What is really happening? You are nervous, afraid, and all your theses disappear somewhere. But everything is not so scary. The ability to present your thoughts rests on a few simple and logical truths.
First, you need to compose your speech. For this:
- analyze what you want to say to your listeners and formulate your idea;
- use simple and clear language so that you can easily imagine what you are talking about;
- don't be afraid to give examples, tell real stories or even joke - people love to laugh;
- at the end of the presentation, do not forget to draw conclusions and repeat the main idea again.
Second, you need to develop visual aids for your presentation:
- one slide should describe only one idea;
- use pictures for your presentation - this helps the audience to better imagine what you are talking about;
- if you use tables, make them as accessible and clear as possible;
- the font should be large so that even from the back rows the slides are well read;
- keep track of your presentation time.
Thirdly, prepare yourself well:
- You must know your speech well and understand the material - you should not read from the sheet, it is better to speak by establishing visual contact with the audience.
The following expressions will help you when preparing to speak in English:
Startpresentations, introductorysuggestions:
- Let me begin by explaining...
- First / Now I want (would like) to talk about ...
- Let's (now) find out why / how ...
- Let's now move to ...
- As I have already indicated, stated, mentioned ...
- Another aspect / point is that ...
- As you probably (perhaps) know, ...
- At the beginning ...
- It is claimed (stated, indicated) that ...
- For instance, …
- One can say that...
Comments on pictures, slides
- Let me use a graphic to explain this.
- The graphic shows that ...
- As you can see (in the picture) ...
- In the next / following picture, you can see ...
- Here is another picture.
- The next picture shows how ...
- I think the picture perfectly shows how / that ...
Conclusion, repetition of the main idea
- In conclusion...,
- As a result…,
- To summarize…,
- That brings me to the end of the presentation.
- It was a great success for...
- This proves that...
- The reason is that ...
- The result of this is that ...
- In other words, ...
- I want to repeat that...
- I "d (just) like to add ...
You can also find interesting phrases in English for your speeches here.
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