According to statistics, in Russia there are more than 60 species of birds that fly to warmer regions for the winter. Seasonal migrations are the prerogative of all migratory birds, without exception. Relocations take place both over long and fairly close distances. To understand which species of birds are migratory, it is necessary to understand that their migrations depend on what they, strictly speaking, do. Most of all insectivorous birds are found in nature. They are balanced by carnivorous and granivorous birds.
With the onset of cold weather, all insects, which many birds enjoy feasting on, disappear. In connection with this, birds have to fly away to places where there is never snow, where the abundance of tasty insects never ends. all year round. Such migratory birds include robins, finches, and, of course, “spring messengers” - swallows.
Swallows feed on fairly large insects, including dragonflies and chafers. They catch them on the fly. They winter on the Mediterranean coast. It is curious that some of them even fly to hot Africa. Therefore, it is simply impossible to see swallows in Russia in winter.
In winter, rivers and lakes freeze, which poses a great threat, for example, to carnivorous herons that feed on frogs and fish. They also have to leave their native lands. “Vegetarians” who eat herbs and seeds also suffer, since in winter everything is covered with a white sheet of snow. One of the most famous “herbivorous” migratory birds are heat-loving cranes.
If you carefully observe the cranes, you will notice that already in September they are preparing to fly away. At this relatively early time for migration, they are already gathering in flocks. Cranes leave their native lands until spring, saying goodbye to people with their beautiful guttural cry. For complete objectivity, it is worth noting that not all types of cranes fly away. This is done only by those who are forced to nest and reproduce in the northern regions of Russia.
Who stays for the winter?
Only those birds that managed to “find mutual language" with a person. They are called sedentary. The most famous of them are pigeons, sparrows, and tits. The fact is that they have adapted to feed on waste found in landfills and trash cans. In addition, a person feeds them using special feeders.
Bird "compass"
Scientists have proven that migratory birds are well versed in the geography of their migrations. They can sense not only latitude, but also longitude, guided by the sun and stars. This is one version of this bird phenomenon.
According to another version, migratory birds return to their permanent nesting places, focusing on the Earth’s magnetic field. A corresponding article on this topic was published in the journal Nature. Additionally, this has been documented by ornithological scientists who banded migratory birds and then observed them in the same places for several years in a row.
However, despite this, there is still no consensus among ornithologists and researchers about the work of the so-called bird “compass”.
Every autumn, when field work is not yet over, our feathered friends and helpers leave their native lands and hurry somewhere far away. They fly in rows, ranks, random heaps and singly.
What makes migratory birds make such long journeys every fall and spring?
It has been established that the flight of birds is a complex instinct that was formed in them during the long historical development of the birds themselves and changes in the Earth’s climate.
Even in the pre-glacial era, birds migrated annually in spring and autumn due to changing temperatures and changes in feeding patterns in certain seasons of the year. During the Ice Age of the Earth, these flyways lengthened and changed. And when the glaciers retreated, birds began to fly further and further to the north. So gradually they developed hereditarily fixed innate migration reflexes-instincts.
The main incentive for birds to migrate and migrate was, in addition to climatic conditions, the conditions of their nutrition and reproduction.
In autumn and winter, when food becomes scarcer and more difficult to obtain, birds fly to places where it is easier to feed. Only those birds that can easily obtain food in winter remain to spend the winter.
That the migration of birds is connected not only with glaciation alone, but depends on feeding conditions, is proven by this fact. In tropical and subtropical zones where there was no glaciation, birds also make regular flights from nesting sites to places with more abundant food supplies.
Glaciation only contributed to the final formation of flyways, lengthening and bending them, especially since the centers of glaciation spread and retreated not only along the north-south line, but also along the west-east line. Therefore, flyways mostly reflect the complex routes taken by birds to move into a particular area, although the direct route would be much shorter for them.
Migratory birds (list)
A - stork, B - shorebird, C - bittern, G - ringed rook, D - thrush, F - lark, Z - chaffinch, I - oriole, K - sandpiper, cuckoo, L - swallow, blue tit, M - flycatcher, P - quail, P - fieldfare, S - swift, starling, nightingale, T - wagtail, C - heron, H - lapwing, black-headed gull, U - duck.
But where, to which countries do migratory birds go in the fall? They usually say: to the south, to warm countries. The answer is far from accurate.
Migratory birds actually fly to warmer areas of the earth in the fall. But these areas may not only be in the south. They can also be in the west, on the coasts of countries and islands washed by warm currents, where winters are mild and it is easy for birds to get food.
Birds make a long, dangerous and difficult journey. Some of them fly many thousands of kilometers to their wintering grounds. The flat-nosed sandpiper, a resident of our tundra, flies to the southern part for the winter South America. So far!
Many birds die en route from storms, winds, and unexpected snowfalls.
So, migratory birds in the fall strive to get to other territories, where living conditions are more comfortable than in their harsh homeland.
Selection of material: Iris Review
Fedoseeva Svetlana
Lesson summary " Migratory birds»
MKDOU Shubinsky kindergarten
teacher: Fedoseeva S. I.
Subject: « Migratory birds» .
Target: expand ideas about migratory birds.
Development of horizons, vocabulary, observation. Form an idea about birds with characteristic features appearance, lifestyle.
Introduce children to the concept of " migrant"
Develop children's speech by enriching them with new words (birdhouse, migrant, logical thinking, attention, communication skills.
Cultivate a caring and caring attitude towards birds.
Educational area: Cognition (acquaintance with surroundings).
Integration of educational areas:
Cognitive development. Didactic games: "Collect bird»
Speech development. DI “Describe birds» , “What is the name of the chick?”
Physical development. Physical exercise.
Social and communicative development. D/u "How to behave in the forest" Artistic and aesthetic development. View the presentation « Migratory birds» .
Forms of direct educational activities:
cognitive and research (solving problem situations, games with rules, modeling, communicative (conversation, introductory dialogue, situational conversation, game (games with rules, didactic games).
Forms of organization: group.
Preliminary work: looking at albums, magazines with migratory birds.
Cut-out pictures depicting a swallow, rook, starling.
GCD move:
Educator: Guys, today we have something different class, guests have come to us. Let's say hello to our guests. I hope that today you will be attentive and friendly and active.
Today is an unusual day, I want to surprise you, I want to show you something very interesting now. (film showing).
Educator: In spring, guys, nature comes to life, wakes up from hibernation. What happens in nature?
Di "Draw spring"
you need to name the signs of spring with the following words: “Spring is when
Children: The sun is shining brighter, the cold snow is melting. The buds are swelling on the trees. The first flowers sprout (snowdrops). Animals wake up from hibernation (bears, hedgehogs, the grass turns green, they chirp birds, snow is melting)
Educator: They also arrive in the spring birds. Do you know where they were?
Why birds fly away to warmer climes? Children: Because it gets cold, insects disappear, plant seeds fall off. The reservoirs will soon freeze, birds It will be difficult to get food...
What are they called? birds who fly to us from warm regions? !
Children: Migratory birds.
Educator: Which birds are called« migratory» ?
Educator: These birds fly south in the fall and fly back to our homeland in the spring, making flights, that's why they were called migratory. Homeland is the place where you were born. That's why the birds are returning to build a nest and hatch chicks. The chicks are born blind, helpless, covered in down. Parents feed. Over the summer, the chicks grow up and in the fall, they fly away with their parents to warmer climes. In order to return to their homeland again in the spring.
Educator: First a migratory bird arrives... - rook. (slide). Describe what he is like.
Children: Large rook bird. Its body is covered with black feathers. They have strong wings. The beak and paws of rooks are light.
Educator: They had a difficult road. When they arrive from warm countries, I begin to build nests (slide) to hatch and feed the chicks. Look, the rooks have a large nest, it is lined with large branches.
Educator: Next birds arrive - starlings. (slide) They arrive later than the rooks. Educator. Guys, describe the starling, what he is like.
Children. Starlings are small. They are gray-brown and mottled. They have thin beaks. Paws and beak are light.
Educator. The rooks have already hatched their chicks, and the starlings are just building a nest in the birdhouse. (slide)
If rooks build a nest from large branches, then starlings carry thin twigs, blades of grass, and feathers into the birdhouse. Starlings are small and their nests are small. Birdhouses are made by people and attached to trees.
Fizminutka "Birdhouse".
I'll cut the boards with a saw - whack, whack, whack, whack. (Children imitate the movements of sawing a board).
I’ll put them together into a birdhouse -knock, -knock, -knock, -knock. (Children imitate the movements of hammering nails).
Come fly birds visit us, -to us, -to us, -to us. (Perform movements of swinging arms towards yourself).
We will hang birdhouses - here and there, - here and there. (Tilts with arms outstretched up, to the sides, down).
Educator. Swallows also fly in from the south. (slide) Guys, describe the swallow, what is it like?
Children: They are small, almost black, their tail looks like a fork, they have sharp wings.
Educator. They also build nests under the roof of the house. The swallow sculpts it from lumps of clay. Lines the inside with leaves, feathers, and down. Why do you think birds nests?
Children: hatch chicks.
DI “What is the name of the chick?”
Educator. While we were talking about migratory birds, the mischievous Winter, who does not want to give in to Spring, froze birds and broke them into pieces. Please help me warm it up birds.
Di "Collect bird» Children collect swallows, starlings, and rooks from cut-out pictures.
The result of GCD.
Educator: What are they for? birds?
Children: Destroy insect pests; They delight us with their singing and bright colors.
Should we protect and preserve birds? How? Make birdhouses, feeders; feed; you can’t destroy nests or collect eggs birds; shoot at them with a slingshot; make noise, shout, listen to loud music in the forest, park where they live birds.
Educator:You must remember:
What birds, no need to catch,
Necessary always love birds.
Don't destroy birds' nests,
in winter help the birds,
Feel sorry for them, protect them.
Educator: You guys are great, did you like our work? About which we talked about the birds?
Why these birds are called migratory birds? (These birds in the fall they fly to the south, and in the spring they arrive from the south)
Which migratory birds Are they the first to arrive in the spring? (The rooks arrive first in the spring)
What else birds arrive in spring? (In spring, starlings, cranes, storks, thrushes, swans, swallows, geese, ducks, nightingales, siskins arrive)
What games did you play? What did you like?
I have a surprise templates for you birds.
It has long been known to all of us that with the onset of winter, many birds from northern latitudes fly south to warmer climes. However, there are also wintering birds that remain in Russia. It will be useful for children to find out which birds winter in our country. The presentation “Wintering Birds” will help introduce children to these species. Here you will find photos showing wintering birds in Russia.
Presentation
Click on the image below to download the presentation
Picture posters
Who stays in Russia for the winter?
This question will be relevant already for children in kindergarten and school age. The presentation and photos presented in it will help not only the children, but also their mentors navigate this material. The pictures not only show what wintering birds look like, but also give their names and brief information. In addition, kids will be able to find out what migratory and wintering birds live on our territory, in particular, wintering birds of the Moscow region are presented here.
Lives on the territory of Russia great amount birds. Many stay for the winter, and some fly to us from other countries. Photos and pictures will help children not only get to know theoretical information, but practically distinguish, when going out for a walk, which birds spend the winter and which, on the contrary, come to us in snowy winters.
Poster: “Let’s help wintering birds”
How can we help birds in winter?
What can and cannot be fed to them?
Of course, not all children will go out into the forest in winter to admire the birds that remain to spend the winter in Russia. Photos and pictures in the presentation, like children’s mentors and teachers, should not have the goal of teaching children to clearly distinguish all types of birds in nature. So, everyone saw titmouse and bullfinches. But few children and even adults know what it is resident birds: They live in the forest, and in winter they fly to the city to feed. Wintering birds include the well-known pigeons that we feed in parks and squares. This is where, as a rule, children’s knowledge about birds ends. Photos and pictures are intended to expand children's understanding of the nature around them. As for birds flying to warmer climes, the existing ideas of the children are very limited. Few people can name at least two or three species of migratory birds. However, everyone watched swallows and rooks in the summer and probably saw these representatives of the migratory fraternity. The presentation will help to bring together existing knowledge and organize it.
Picture cards on the topic
It is better to introduce children to this information on the eve of winter or at the beginning of spring. In the first case, it is possible to observe the flight of birds in nature and see which wintering birds remain in Russia. After looking at the illustrations, children will be able to recognize many of them. In the second case, you can observe which birds return from warm countries to breed on our territory. You can study this material in detail with your children throughout the winter, so that by spring the children have clear, well-formed knowledge.
When environmental or food conditions change, many birds fly to warmer climes. This may also be due to the characteristics of their reproduction. These living creatures have a high level of mobility, which is not available to other birds. The article will look at photos of migratory birds with names for children, after studying which, the child will begin to clearly distinguish between the types of living creatures and independently determine which of them fly to warm countries for the winter and which prefer cold climates.
This article indicates a variety of migratory routes for children and the description will serve as an excellent opportunity to set a starting point for a child’s development in the environmental field of knowledge. Thanks to this, from a very young age a person will be able to lay the foundations of a new science in his mind.
Famous Names for Children of Different Ages
So, only those that fly to warm regions in the winter should be classified as migratory birds. The fact is that these creatures are warm-blooded (41 degrees is their average body temperature). Therefore, they can easily store in winter active positions. But the problem is that not all of them are able to get food in the cold season, because the cover of the earth’s surfaces freezes, and the inhabitants of the sky need to eat a lot, since the energy they expend significantly exceeds the level that is allowed in the warm season. This is the reason for saying goodbye to the Motherland and flying to countries with a warm climate.
Representatives of the group considered include: swallow, lapwing, lark, robin, oriole, wood pipit, redstart, black-headed warbler and many others. In addition to migratory birds, there are also sedentary (remain to winter in their native lands) and nomadic (migrate depending on the severity of the season) inhabitants of the sky. Below will be described in detail and presented photos of migratory birds with names for children.
In what order do birds fly away?
It should be noted that the birds leave their native lands gradually. It has been established in society that the very first to open their wings are migratory birds (names for children are presented below), which feed on insects (insectivores). It is important to note that such creatures tend to sing very well.
In the process of many years of research, it was noted that migratory birds (names for children; see the list of birds below), such as the swift and swallow, become the initial link in the opening of the season of farewell to their native lands. Then they fly away to southern countries (for example, swans). And this is not surprising, because all bodies of water, without exception, are covered with ice immediately after sub-zero temperatures become appropriate. The next one to fly away is the crane (this happens at the beginning of the first autumn month), followed by the rook.
The final link in this list are geese and ducks (the latter leave the region later than everyone else). There are many cases where ducks preferred not to fly to southern countries, but to stay in their native places. But this phenomenon occurs only if their home or pond does not freeze. Therefore, it is popular among people that it is ducks who carry frost and winter on their tails.
Fundamental differences between migratory and nomadic birds
Migratory birds (names for children ( middle group): rook, swan, duck, nightingale, lark and others) are considered in great detail. All that remains is to draw a line of difference between them and nomadic living beings. So, migratory birds will in any case prefer to leave their homeland with the onset of cold weather, regardless of various circumstances. They have flight at the genetic level, so it is impossible to contradict nature in this case.
Migratory birds (names for children) are capercaillie, pika, woodpecker, hazel grouse, black grouse, crossbill, jay, titmouse and many others.
Nomadic birds themselves determine whether to fly to southern countries or not. This decision depends on the weather conditions in your native area. If the winter promises to be warm, then jackdaws, siskins, shuras, bullfinches, nuthatches and other representatives of the group in question will happily stay in their homeland for the winter. And if they feel the severity of the approaching season, they will undoubtedly fly away to warmer climes (for example, a sparrow will most likely remain in its territory if its place of residence is the European part of Russia; in the case of Central Asia, it will fly to distant India) .
Flight principles of the birds in question
Thanks to the development of science, a considerable amount of information has been collected about bird migrations. In this section, you should find out how birds navigate and how flocks are formed during the flight.
For absolute navigation of the creatures in question during long-distance flights, guidance by the earth's magnetic field takes place. That is, a starling can return from southern countries to its homeland only by understanding the direction of the north magnetic pole; in addition, it is able to easily determine its location, as well as the direction necessary for returning.
The formation of a flock occurs in a very interesting way, since the dynamics of its light and dark elements play a central role in this process. The fact is that birds thus maintain a certain level of density necessary to collect the necessary information from their neighbors through signs and actions developed at the genetic level.
Migratory birds. Names for children. Rook as the most famous inhabitant of the sky of this group
Of the huge variety of migratory birds, the rook occupies a special place. That is why people call him the harbinger of winter. This inhabitant of the sky arrives in mid-March, and leaves their native land only in late autumn (late October or early November).
An interesting feature of rooks is the ability to imitate human speech, and this is one of the reasons why they are so revered in society. Length adult bird is approximately 45 centimeters, but your weight varies from 310 to 490 grams. Visually, the rook resembles a crow, but its difference is in the relative slenderness and surface of the feathers, which are endowed not only with a black color, but also with a purple tint.
Very thin, but straight. This arrangement allows them to freely obtain food from all sorts of places (for example, they can easily afford to get food from underground). Rooks are not at all picky about their diet; they eat earthworms, rodents, and so on.
As for the benefit to society that the birds in question bring, it is undoubtedly great, because rooks are active eaters of flora pests. These include caterpillars, bedbugs, rodents and others. And this is another reason why people are crazy about rooks.
Swallow as one of the most common migratory birds
Most likely, in the absence of evidence, no one would have thought that such a small and fragile bird could cover enormous distances. But this is true; in addition, the swallow carries out the presented process twice a year. Although it should be noted that the flight poses a huge danger for it, which is why the swallow often does not reach its destination (the entire flock may die). As a rule, this situation happens in unfavorable weather conditions.
The bird in question looks truly impeccable, because its elongated wings and clear tail cut do their job. It is important to note that the swallow is a perfect inhabitant of the sky, because this bird is rarely seen on earth. The interesting thing is that during the flight she can sleep, eat and even mate.
The species diversity of swallows is very wide: in nature there are about 120 species. These inhabitants of the sky quickly get used to new conditions, which is why they can be found everywhere except Australia and Antarctica. Swallows feed exclusively on insects, taking them out from under the ground or finding them in the bark of trees.
The nightingale and the nature of its life activity
As can be seen from the article, all migratory birds (names for children can be found as you read) have fundamental differences. The last candidate for consideration is the nightingale, popularly known as a magnificent singer.
Why does the nightingale sing? The fact is that directly during this process the bird completely forgets about all the dangers that threaten it. She simply lowers her wings and enjoys her art (it would be great if a person could get a similar result from singing!).
In winter, this inhabitant of the sky flies towards North Africa, and returns back in the spring. As a rule, in mid-April there is already an opportunity to observe the nightingale, because it is at this time that the first insects appear - and the bird can feed fully. The nightingale weighs very little, only 25 grams, and its color is very dark with a brownish-gray tint. That is why the bird looks miniature, and one cannot even believe that it is capable of long-distance flights.
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