What type of fuel do trains run on? and got the best answer
Answer from ***[guru]
The locomotives ran on coal. Now (retro trains) - on heating oil, there they attached a nozzle to the furnace.
A wood-burning steam locomotive will not go, the pressure in the boiler will not rise. And there is not enough space in the tender for such "fuel". Firewood will need six wagons.
Diesel locomotives use diesel fuel, the same that is poured at gas stations. One refueling (5 tons) for a diesel locomotive ChME-3 is enough for about 5 days of average work at the station.
Electric locomotives and electric trains run thanks to electric current.
And with regards to the definition of "train": a train is a group of cars led by a locomotive.
At the electric train - this is a section (2 cars). It is designed in such a way that technically there should always be a motor and trailer car. Please note that the number of cars in the train for this reason is always EVEN.
The so-called "multisection train" with several parallel locomotives.
Answer from Pavel Zelenkov[guru]
Which? Now mostly electric locomotives
Answer from Natalia Nalimova[guru]
on different. We usually run on electric or diesel.
Answer from Aka Diesel[guru]
On different, electricity, diesel fuel, coal, and finally on wood.
Answer from Mite[guru]
on diesel
Answer from Vitaly[newbie]
on diesel
Answer from N/a[active]
alcohol) xD
mostly diesel)
Answer from Victor Kirshenmann[guru]
Steam locomotives on wood, coal, later on diesel fuel. Diesel locomotives on diesel fuel, Electric locomotives use el. energy. Only all these are not trains, but locomotives. Trains are made up of wagons. There is the concept of an electric train, so it uses email. energy, for example in the subway.
Answer from Sash![guru]
Direct wheel drive for all electric. Electric locomotives are taken from the network, and diesel locomotives from their diesel generator.
What is a train anyway? This is a row of wagons without an engine, which is pulled along the rails by a locomotive. It also moves due to the motor - electric or combined (diesel and electric motor). One locomotive can pull several dozen wagons. When one locomotive is not enough, the train is pulled by a pair or even several pairs of electric locomotives or locomotives.
What are the types of engines in a locomotive?
- Electric motors are used only in trains that run on a single track for short distances. Such trains receive electricity from wires stretched above the track. The exception is metro trains - they receive electricity through the third rail on the way.
- Combined motors are capable of providing enough power to move locomotives pulling freight trains with heavy loads. The burning diesel fuel drives a generator that generates electricity, and the electricity powers the motors that drive the wheels.
- Previously, electric and combined motors in locomotives, steam locomotives had a steam engine (which is why the then locomotives were called steam locomotives). The steam engine was powered by superheated steam, which was obtained by burning coal or firewood in furnaces.
Why do train wheels rattle?
The rail bed consists of separate rail sections of 25 meters each. There is a small gap between them, it is necessary because in the summer heat the metal tends to expand, and in the winter cold, on the contrary, it narrows. And these gaps provide the mobility of the metal without compromising its operation.
The characteristic knock of the wheels is obtained from the fact that the car has to “jump” onto the next section of the rail, because the edge of the rail, when the train wheel runs over it, bends slightly under the weight of the train.
The knock is repeated in a certain sequence, which depends on the weight of the composition and its speed.
In countries where sharp temperature changes are quite insignificant, the rails are laid without a gap and the wheels of the car ride along them without knocking.
Why the numbering of cars on the train is not always “from the head” and what kind of cars are
Usually "the head goes ahead" in those trains that move from the starting station. And vice versa - when sending from the final. But along the way, the direction can change several times, and the locomotive turns out to be from one end of the train, then from the other. And at the Kyiv-passenger station, the usual phrase "numbering from the head (or tail)" has now been replaced by new landmarks - east or west directions.
So, in order to figure out where the numbering starts from, you should carefully listen to what the “aunt who announces the arrival of the train” says.
How are the cars located and is it possible to get into a car that is not your own
Second-class carriages are always located at the edges of the train, and compartment, SV and restaurant cars are in the center of the train. That is, if you bought a ticket for a compartment car, you should immediately go to the center of the train.
And at stations where there is a short stop time, you can get into the nearest car, and then go into your already moving train.
The preparation of the train begins directly from the inspection and immediately after its arrival from the previous flight. Inspectors on the external and internal equipment determine which cars can go on the road and which need to be uncoupled. The composition is disbanded and staffed again. A service team is allocated for its maintenance. Some trains have about a day or a little more time before the next flight, while others should be ready in five hours.
Preparatory work at the depot
Technical inspection (TO-2) is carried out by teams of the electrical workshop, repair of running gear and internal equipment, and the restaurant car repair workshop.
The outfitting team works according to a predetermined schedule. Everything needed for restoration is in stock. Heads of trains and conductors constantly exchange documentation with the storekeeper-inventory clerk. Information about the remaining unused sets of bed linen, tablecloths and other train utensils is entered into the database. Thus, new needs of the car and the train as a whole are formed.
Before departure, the train is filled with water. The conductor carefully checks, in addition to its presence and the serviceability of the crane, also the fuel level, the contents of the first-aid kit, the serviceability of handrails, locks, entrance and transition platforms, the presence of seals on stop valves and emergency exit drive handles, the presence and serviceability of fire and other internal equipment.
Checking the operation of the brake system and running gear is carried out, which, together with an assistant, controls the work technical specialists. All detected deficiencies are eliminated at their first request.
A commission is assigned to each composition, which ultimately checks the readiness for shipment. It includes: representatives of the depot, the sanitary and epidemiological service, the apparatus of auditors for traffic safety.
Before the start of the movement, all employees involved in its provision must be instructed.
Departure of the train on a flight
The dispatcher, having taken the readings of the control devices on the central office, having made sure that the turnout sections are free (when changing the route - the stage), sets the departure route, and then carries out the actual transfer of the turnouts and the opening of the exit traffic light.
At an enabling signal, the driver with an assistant performs the “Minute of readiness” regulation. It takes the form of a dialogue, during which the assistant reports on:
- Availability of travel documents and warning form;
- Switching on safety devices and radio stations;
- release hand brake;
- Availability of certificates on brakes and tail car;
- Indications of a locomotive traffic light;
- Pressure in the brake and pressure lines;
- Indications of the exit (route) traffic light;
- The set speed of following the route;
- About the end of the parking time and the absence of stop signals on the way.
Actually job descriptions preparation for the flight include great amount various operations, and those that are named are just a small part of the huge work that Russian Railways employees do to ensure that passengers reach their destination on time and without problems.
In everyday life, such concepts as a train, a steam locomotive, a locomotive and an electric train are considered interchangeable, so most people do not even think about the difference between them. But among the railroad, these terms are usually shared, because they have completely different meanings.
Technically, a train is a set of a certain number of wagons coupled together, driven by a locomotive. In turn, the locomotive is a traction means, a self-propelled carriage that pulls all the cars along with it. As an analogy, two cars can be cited, one of which cannot start and is towed. A car moving ahead in such a situation is akin to a locomotive.
The locomotives themselves, in turn, are divided into many categories depending on the type of power plant. There are locomotives that run on electric traction, there are those that run on steam - these are, in fact, steam locomotives, and there are those that have a gasoline or diesel engine.
It is diesel engines that are most common on the railways of our country, while steam locomotives are considered the “last century”. At the same time, most locomotives can operate both from electric traction and by burning fuel, which allows them to be autonomous and travel a certain distance, for example, to the next major station, even in the event of a power failure.
Locomotives have one feature in common: they cannot carry cargo and passengers. They are designed only to pull the wagons behind them.
Electric train: train without diesel
But the electric train, which is popularly called the electric train, is devoid of a locomotive. It is powered by a motor car, which, as the name suggests, is powered by an electric motor. Usually, part of such a car is occupied by the driver's cab and the compartment for the power unit, and the rest is used to transport passengers or cargo.
How is an electric train different from a regular train? It is designed to move over short distances - within one or two areas, it has only seats, and there are no shelves for sleeping. Also, there is usually no dining car in the train, and there is a bathroom only in the motor car, since the duration of the route rarely exceeds two hours.
However, in Lately there are electric trains of a higher degree of comfort, which, in addition, move over relatively long distances. They are equipped with dry closets, TVs, and flight attendants, food and water peddlers work in the cars. They differ from classic trains only in the type of power plant and the lack of sleeping shelves.
Long distance trains
Ordinary trains, in turn, are designed to travel across the country. The cars in them are divided into classes: the well-known reserved seats, compartments and SV (luxury). Each car must have a flight attendant who monitors the comfort and safety of passengers, warns them about approaching stations where they should get off, provides bed linen, tea, coffee, water, and helps in emergency situations. The car is equipped with toilets near each exit and a device for heating water. There should also be a dining car on the train.
On the site, you can buy a train ticket in seconds, pay for it with Visa or Mastercard, electronic money and other methods. And it will be possible to board most flights without even presenting a paper copy of the ticket: electronic registration is enough.
Since the heading is about fuel for trains, and under this term, according to explanatory dictionary Vladimir Dal was initially hit by horse-drawn carts that followed one after another, in particular during the wedding ceremony, representing a single “wedding train”. The meaning of the last word comes from the Russian word trip. In this case, oats served as fuel for the horses.
With the development of new technology, the same V. Dahl also had new definitions of the word “train”. Now under this definition hit all the cars that were linked together and already represented a single train, driven by a steam locomotive. Efron and Brockhaus, who were: the first Russian, and the second of German origin, publishers, went further. They stipulated one more condition for the word "train" - this is the quantitative and qualitative composition of traction units in such a composition. So all the same wagons appeared, linked together, which were necessarily driven by a locomotive, set in the head of such a “caravan”.
When horse-drawn transport lost its meaning as an intercity transport and remained only as a transport unit within the city, people began to apply the meaning of the word "train stock" only to railway.
In the future, the meaning of the word changed many times and was supplemented with new technical terms, including the presence of identification and light signals in the definition, listing technical means, specifying the conditions that could fall under this value.
Subsequently, exceptions appeared that could not be considered and called a “train”, starting with road transport.
The onset of the steam locomotive era came to us in the nineteenth century and reigned supreme on the world's railways until the middle of the twentieth century, until the first diesel locomotives appeared on a massive scale, and then electric locomotives.
Based on the name of the first machines of steam locomotives on the railway, the operation of their engine was provided by steam, and fuel was needed for its production, and this was the famous coal. Somewhat later, in areas where oil was being produced, heavy locomotives were used for locomotives. oil fuel. But still, on the scale of our Russia, on the territory European countries and on the American continent, initially only coal served as fuel for a steam locomotive. In the turbulent times of the revolutionary days, as well as during the Civil War, wood or peat was burned in locomotive furnaces, sometimes dried fish was used as quite exotic fuel. On a steam locomotive as storage coal fuel served as a tender. Water supplies were also stored in such a wagon. On locomotives that did not have such a tender, all their coal fuel and water was stored on the locomotive itself. For this reason, such a modification of the locomotive was called the "locomotive tank".
Solid fuel burned in the boiler furnace. A grate was used to ensure its combustion. Waste as slag and ash was collected in the so-called ash pan, after passing through a sieve of a special grate.
With the help of a large number of flame and smoke tubes, heat exchange took place and the water in the boiler was heated, forming the same steam that was sent directly to the steam engine to ensure the movement of the locomotive, activating the crank mechanism, which eventually transformed into the rotational movement of the locomotive wheels.
It should be noted that the engineers who created the locomotive miracle went in a very difficult way, inventing their car. Initially, they relied more on their intuition than on specific calculations.
Technique, which was improved, could serve people for a long time. In this case, the engineers were on the right track, being in a constant creative and technical search, including new types of fuel. For these purposes, enthusiasts suggested learning how to properly burn coal dust, which to a large extent could increase the useful fuel ratio of the used charcoal. At the same time, the furnace volumes could not increase. But all these proposals were only theoretical calculations, without solid practical grounds. As a result, coal dust did not serve as a fuel, since the inventors never achieved the operational reliability of pulverized units of locomotive locomotives. To curb the process of combustion of coal mass, including coal dust, namely, when high temperatures failed completely. Therefore, this type of fuel was abandoned.
After that, the era of searching for and creating additional equipment to improve the efficiency of the coal fuel used began. This is how the first stockers "Duplexes" appeared, which provided a two-way supply of solid fuel to the furnace mouth. In the SSR, a similar one was installed on the locomotive modifications "IS" and "FD".
American inventors offered steam locomotives so-called mechanical devices: “pushers”, which successfully loosened frozen coal directly in the tender. As a result, the already loosened fuel was fed directly to the stocker by means of a conveyor.
In the twentieth century, transport units appeared in the form of diesel locomotives, which already used diesel fuel for power plants. It could be directly a diesel engine or installed gas turbine. True, the train set of cars continued to be heated with coal for a long time.
Then the first electric locomotives appeared, which were initially consumed as fuel.
DC electrical energy. Subsequently, they gradually began to switch to the use of alternating current. This type of transport units has established itself as an environmentally friendly transport. The emission of harmful substances has been significantly reduced.
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