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Secrets of nonverbal communication.
There are two groups of ways in which interaction between people can take place: verbal and non-verbal ways communication.
Speech is considered a verbal means of communication. Verbal communication is a conversation at the level of words that are understandable to all interlocutors.
Nonverbal communication is external form manifestations inner world person. Verbal and nonverbal means of communication are correlated in one message to varying degrees. They can complement each other, accompany, contradict or replace. Verbal means of communication occupy 20-40% of all perceived information. The rest of the communication is non-verbal.
Experts believe that many gestures are innate in nature, as they are used by the blind and deaf.
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Nonverbal behavior is body reactions that complement the main content of speech conveyed through language.
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All nonverbal means of communication are divided into groups:
1) visual-visually perceived movements of another person (posture, gesture, facial expressions, gaze, gait, direction of movement, distance);
The meaning and meaning of words, phrases Speech sound phenomena Expressive qualities of the voice Communication, being a complex socio-psychological process of mutual understanding between people, is carried out through the following main channels: speech (verbal - from the Latin word oral, verbal) and non-speech (non-verbal) channels of communication. Speech as a means of communication simultaneously acts as both a source of information and a way of influencing the interlocutor. Structure of verbal communication
Research shows that in the daily act of human communication, words make up 7%, intonation sounds - 38%, non-verbal interaction - 53%. Kinestics Taxics Proxemics Non-verbal means of communication are studied by the following sciences: Facial expressions - movement of facial muscles, reflecting the inner emotional condition- is able to give true information about what a person is experiencing. Facial expressions carry more than 70% of information
GESTURES are specific human habits associated with hand movements (scratching, twitching) and are unique substitutes for words or phrases in communication. These are gestures that express the speaker's attitude towards something. These include a smile, a nod, the direction of gaze, purposeful movements of the hands. these are message gestures: pointers (pointing finger), pictographs, i.e., peculiar hand movements connecting imaginary objects. illustrators regulators adapters logos Gestures when communicating carry a lot of information; In sign language, as in speech, there are words and sentences. The rich alphabet of gestures can be divided into 4 groups:
Dialogue as a form of communication DIALOG Dialogue is a particularly striking manifestation of the communicative function of language. Dialogue is a natural form of communication with an interlocutor, which presupposes the presence of two equal participants in communication. Dialogue is the primary natural form of linguistic communication, a classic form of verbal communication. Dialogue implies the desire of interlocutors to hear and understand each other. In fact, the very principle of communication is built on this.
Types and techniques of listening to a communication partner In the process of speech interaction, information is transferred from one partner to another, which can be expressed in the following scheme: transfer of information understanding of information transfer of information - (the speaker encodes information in words) - (the listener decodes words, extracts information ) understanding of information.
The listener's reactions and listening techniques are as follows: Emotions (wow, ah, great, laughter, mournful expression) Mirror - repetition of the interlocutor's last phrase with a change in the word order. Clarifying questions (What did you mean? Assessments, advice. Echo reaction - repetition of the interlocutor’s last word. Paraphrase - conveying the content of the partner’s statement in other words. Assenting (yeah, uh-huh, yes, yes, well, nodding the chin) Deaf silence (apparent absence reactions).
Communication is a process of establishment and development between people. Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, consisting of the exchange of information, as well as the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living beings, but only at the human level does the process of communication become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. The person transmitting information is called a communicator, and the person receiving it is called a recipient. Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, consisting of the exchange of information, as well as the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living beings, but only at the human level does the process of communication become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. The person transmitting information is called a communicator, and the person receiving it is called a recipient. 12
VERBAL COMMUNICATION Improving verbal communication skills Improving verbal communication skills Oral speech remains the most common method of communication. Oral speech remains the most common method of communication. 13
To be understood, it is not enough to have good diction. You must be clear about what you are going to say. In addition, you must choose words so that your idea is correctly understood. If a person has to speak in front of a large audience, he formulates theses for himself or otherwise prepares for the report. But in everyday life oral communication requires spontaneity, and this can cause anxiety, uncertainty and even fear in a person. You can start working on oral speech by expanding your vocabulary.
People use written communication less often than oral communication. But with the arrival Email the importance of written communication has increased greatly. Any written message has one undoubted advantage over oral communication. By composing it, you have the opportunity to think, put your thoughts in order and, if necessary, even rewrite it completely. However, it is necessary to note the disadvantages of written communication. A written message cannot convey the intonation of your voice and gestures. 17
Verbal communication is the most studied type of human communication. In addition, this is the most universal way of transmitting thoughts. A message created using any other sign system can be translated into verbal human language. For example, a red light signal is translated as the passage is closed, stop; a raised finger covered with the palm of the other hand, as if asking for an extra minute of a break in sports, etc. 18
Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication, better known as body language, includes all forms of human self-expression that do not rely on words. Psychologists believe that reading nonverbal cues is essential effective communication. Why are nonverbal signals so important in communication? about 70% of information a person perceives through the visual (visual) channel; Nonverbal signals allow you to understand the true feelings and thoughts of the interlocutor. 19
The enormous importance of non-verbal signals in business communication is confirmed by experimental studies, which state that words (to which we attach so much importance) reveal only 7% of the meaning, sounds, 38% of the meaning is carried by sounds and intonations, and 55% by postures and gestures. Nonverbal communication includes five subsystems: 1. Spatial subsystem (interpersonal space). 2. Look. 3. Optical - kinetic subsystem, which includes: - appearance interlocutor, - facial expressions (facial expression), - pantomime (postures and gestures). 4. Paralinguistic or near-speech subsystem, including: - vocal qualities of the voice, - its range, - tonality, - timbre. 5. Extralinguistic or extra-speech subsystem, which includes: - rate of speech, - pauses, - laughter, etc. 20
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Facial expression Facial expression is the most important source of information about a person, especially about his feelings. The most noticeable expression is the smile, which, without being overused, is a good positive stimulus. A smile typically conveys friendliness, but over-smiling often reflects a need for approval... A forced smile in an unpleasant situation conveys feelings of apology and concern... A smile accompanied by raised eyebrows conveys submissiveness, while a smile with lowered eyebrows conveys superiority Visual contact Eyes are known to be the mirror of the soul, so visual contact. It can be identified as a separate specific skill. Direct eye contact is another way to say: I'm with you, I want to hear what you have to say 22
Head nods Head nods are very good way show the client that you are listening to him. Watching professionals at work shows how therapeutic a simple head nod can be, coupled with good eye contact and reactions like Uh-huh and I see. Tone, tempo and volume of voice The voice is an important means of expressing a whole range of subjective feelings and meanings. The tone and pace of speech can say a lot about a person's emotional state. Generally speaking, speech rate increases when the speaker is excited, agitated, or anxious. One who is trying to convince his interlocutor also speaks quickly. Slow speech often indicates depression, arrogance or fatigue. 23
Summary of my presentation Two main types of communication should be distinguished. In human society, communication can be carried out by both verbal and non-verbal means. Verbal communication for humans is the main and universal way of communication. Any other mode of interaction can be expressed through language. However, as already mentioned, everything can be expressed through the means of language. And the communicative function, as already mentioned in previous chapters, is one of the most important functions of language. 24
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Communication is the process of establishment and development between people.
Communication is a complex process of interaction between people, consisting of the exchange of information, as well as the perception and understanding of each other by partners. The subjects of communication are living beings, people. In principle, communication is characteristic of any living beings, but only at the human level does the process of communication become conscious, connected by verbal and non-verbal acts. The person transmitting information is called a communicator, and the person receiving it is called a recipient. 2
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3 VERBAL COMMUNICATION Improving verbal communication skills Oral speech is still the most common method of communication.
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To be understood, it is not enough to have good diction. You must be clear about what you are going to say. In addition, you must choose words so that your idea is correctly understood. If a person has to speak in front of a large audience, he formulates theses for himself or otherwise prepares for the report. But in everyday life, oral communication requires spontaneity, and this can cause anxiety, uncertainty and even fear in a person. You can start working on oral speech by expanding your vocabulary.
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Examples of Verbal Communication
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People use written communication less often than oral communication. But with the advent of email, the importance of written communication has increased greatly. Any written message has one undoubted advantage over oral communication. By composing it, you have the opportunity to think, put your thoughts in order and, if necessary, even rewrite it completely. However, it is necessary to note the disadvantages of written communication. A written message cannot convey the intonation of your voice and gestures. 6
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Verbal communication is the most studied type of human communication. In addition, this is the most universal way of transmitting thoughts. A message created using any other sign system can be ‘translated’ into verbal human language. For example, the red light signal is translated as ‘the passage is closed’, ‘stop’; a raised finger covered with the palm of the other hand, as ‘an extra minute break’ in sports competitions, etc. 7
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Non-verbal communication
Nonverbal communication, better known as body language, includes all forms of human self-expression that do not rely on words. Psychologists believe that reading nonverbal signals is the most important condition for effective communication. Why are nonverbal cues so important in communication? about 70% of information a person perceives through the visual channel; Nonverbal signals allow you to understand the true feelings and thoughts of your interlocutor. 9
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The enormous importance of non-verbal signals in business communication is confirmed by experimental studies, which state that words (to which we attach so much importance) reveal only 7% of the meaning, sounds, 38% of the meaning are carried by sounds and intonations and 55% by postures and gestures. Nonverbal communication includes five subsystems: 1. Spatial subsystem (interpersonal space). 2. Look. 3. Optical-kinetic subsystem, which includes: - appearance of the interlocutor, - facial expressions (facial expression), - pantomime (postures and gestures). 4. Paralinguistic or near-speech subsystem, including: - vocal qualities of the voice, - its range, - tonality, - timbre. 5. Extralinguistic or extra-speech subsystem, which includes: - rate of speech, - pauses, - laughter, etc. 10
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One of the first types of communication of our ancestors
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Facial expression Facial expression is the most important source of information about a person, especially about his feelings. The most noticeable expression is the smile, which, without being overused, is a good positive stimulus. “A smile typically conveys friendliness, but excessive smiling often reflects a need for approval... A forced smile in an unpleasant situation conveys feelings of apology and concern... A smile accompanied by raised eyebrows expresses a willingness to obey, while a smile with lowered eyebrows conveys superiority. Eye contact Eyes - this, as you know, is the mirror of the soul, so visual contact. Can be identified as a separate specific skill. Direct visual contact is another way to say: “I'm with you, I want to hear what you have to say 13
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Head nods Head nods are a very good way to show the client that you are listening. Watching professionals at work, you are convinced of how therapeutic a simple head nod is, combined with good eye contact and reactions like “Uh-huh” and “I understand.” Tone, tempo and volume of voice The voice is an important means of expressing a whole range of subjective feelings and meanings. The tone and pace of speech can say a lot about a person’s emotional state. As a rule, the rate of speech increases when the speaker is excited, agitated or worried. Someone who is trying to convince his interlocutor also speaks quickly. Slow speech often indicates depression, arrogance or fatigue. 14
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Summary of my presentation
Two main types of communication should be distinguished. In human society, communication can be carried out by both verbal and non-verbal means. Verbal communication for humans is the main and universal way of communication. Any other mode of interaction can be expressed through language. However, as already mentioned, everything can be expressed through the means of language. And the communicative function, as already mentioned in previous chapters, is one of the most important functions of language. The work was carried out by a 2nd year student of the Black Sea State Academy Azarov Yu.V. 15
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Nonverbal methods of communication in the pedagogical process
Completed by: Boldyreva N.I.
Nonverbal communication is “sign language,” forms of self-expression that do not rely on words and other speech symbols. In non-verbal communication, the means of transmitting information are non-verbal signs (postures, gestures, facial expressions, intonation, glances, spatial location, etc.). Nonverbal communication is especially valuable because it is spontaneous and occurs unconsciously. Therefore, despite the fact that people weigh their words and control their facial expressions, it is often possible for hidden feelings to leak through gestures, intonation and voice coloring. That is, non-verbal communication channels rarely provide false information, since they are less controllable than verbal communication.
Nonverbal communication is carried out in the process of verbal communication in parallel with verbal communication and is the most important means of communication and mutual understanding between people (I.N. Gorelov, G.V. Kolshansky, V.P. Morozov, K.F. Sedov, V.A. Labunskaya, etc.). A person speaks with his whole being. Psychologists have found that in the process of communication, only 20-40% of information is transmitted and received through verbal means. The rest of communication is carried out through non-verbal means.
Nonverbal means of communication facilitate mutual adaptation to each other and create the opportunity to coordinate joint actions. The ability to express your intentions, feelings and states by non-verbal means depends on a person’s culture. N.I. Shevandrine highlights the following types non-verbal means of communication:
1. Visual: a) kinesics: movements of the arms, head, legs, torso, gait; facial expression, eyes; posture, posture, head position; direction of gaze, visual contacts; skin reactions (redness, paleness, sweating, etc.); b) proxemics (spatial and temporal organization of communication): distance to the interlocutor, angle of rotation towards him, space of communication; c) auxiliary means of communication: emphasizing or hiding body features (signs of gender, age, race); d) means of transforming the natural physique: clothes, hairstyle, cosmetics, glasses, jewelry, mustache, beard, small objects in hands.
2. Acoustic: a) paralinguistic (voice quality, range, tonality): volume, timbre, rhythm, pitch; b) extralinguistic: speech pauses, laughter, crying, sighs, clapping.
3 . Tactile (takeshika): touching, hugging, kissing.
4 . Olfactory: pleasant and unpleasant odors environment; natural and artificial human odors.
The main tasks of nonverbal communication are the following: creation and support of psychological contact, regulation of the communication process; giving new semantic shades to the verbal text, correct interpretation of words; expression of emotions, assessments, roles, meaning of the situation .
Nonverbal movements, as noted by V.A. Labunskaya, relate differently to speech: 1) express the same thing as speech; 2) anticipate the meanings conveyed by speech; 3) express meanings that contradict the content of speech; 4) can fill in or explain periods of silence, indicating the speaker’s intentions to continue his remarks, to search for a suitable word; 5) can replace individual words or phrases; 6) can regulate the flow of speech, emphasize one or another part of verbal communication
Gestures are reproducible significant movements of the hands and head, postures designed for the perception of recipients, intended to convey emotional and intellectual information, and having a socially fixed form. In the “language” of gestures used in everyday communication between people, two types of gesture systems can be distinguished. The first system is formed by gestures-signs, i.e. deliberately produced movements or postures of the hands and head, designed to appeal to someone's perception and intended to convey information. The second system includes gestures-signals that are involuntary, unconscious and not intended for anyone’s perception (although they are meaningful to an experienced observer). The choice of gesture is determined by personal characteristics, relationships between communication partners, and the communication situation.
Pantomime – set expressive body movements accompanying speech and emotions (posture and posture, body movements that play an important role in a person’s appearance). People with poor pantomime are unable to clearly express their emotional state or perceive the non-verbal information of their interlocutor, which complicates the communication process.
The science of xemics, which its author E. Hall called “spatial psychology,” deals with the norms of spatial and temporal organization of communication. E. Hall proposed 4 categories of spatial communication, four clear spatial zones that surround each other like concentric circles on water. 1. Intimate area (from 15 to 45 cm). Of all the zones, this is the most important, since it is this zone that a person guards as if it were his property. Only those persons who are in close emotional contact with him are allowed to enter this area. These are children, parents, spouses, lovers, close friends and relatives.
2 . Personal zone (from 45 to 120 cm). This distance is used in everyday communication with familiar people. This distance usually separates us when we are at receptions, official evenings and friendly parties.
3 . Social zone (from 120 to 400 cm). At this distance we communicate during official meetings with strangers, that is, this distance is accepted when communicating with people whom we do not know very well.
4. Public or public area (more than 4 m). When communicating with large groups of people, it will be more convenient for both the lecturer and the listeners to transmit and perceive information at such a distance from each other.
In the process of pedagogical communication, the role of language dominates as a polyfunctional sign system compared to non-verbal systems. The semantics of a word, the meaning of the grammatical categories of a language are non-personal, but in speech the same linguistic units can be perceived differently by the listener - depending on the intonation of the speaker, on the kindness (or mocking) smile, from an unexpected gesture. This is due to the fact that the perception of a word-sign (a unit of language) is enriched by the simultaneous complex perception of signs of another system - non-verbal. The ability to “decode” non-verbal information – important condition communication efficiency and special skills professionally required for a teacher.
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Verbal communication. The presentation was prepared by the 2nd junior teacher. group No. 1 MDOU comb. type d/s No. 12 “Pearl” Alieva E.N.
Means of communication are divided into verbal and non-verbal.
Verbal communication is speech. With its help, a person can express his thoughts; it is the most common way of communication. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of oral speech: information is not only transmitted, but also clarified, stimulating a person to develop. As you know, truth is born in a dispute - this is one of the tasks that verbal communication solves.
This type of communication can carry the function of a message or an incentive. If a person points to an object, then this is a pointing (indicative) function.
When expressing his thoughts, a person uses the function of utterance (predicative). Another important task that verbal communication performs is stimulating a person to action, decision, desire. This function is called the incentive function.
The peculiarity is that great value speech has an emotional connotation. The same words, pronounced with different intonations, can cause different reactions in the interlocutor: agreement or aggression, a desire to think. In the same way, the same idea can be conveyed using different words, thereby having a different effect on the opponent.
Verbal communication Oral communication Written communication
Speak kindly. Say good things to your interlocutor. Observe speech etiquette, rules of politeness. Don't interrupt. Follow the rules of your communicative role. Rules of verbal behavior in dialogue:
Nonverbal communication is “body language.” And often it gives more truthful information about the feelings of the one who is talking to you. This type of communication can be expressed in several forms. Nonverbal means of communication are needed in order to regulate the communication process and create psychological contact between partners; enrich the meanings conveyed by words; help interpret verbal text; express emotions.
Currently, the language of facial expressions and gestures is given more and more importance. This way of transmitting information is natural. We often do not pay attention to our body movements, yet they not only carry information that our mind perceives, but are also capable of influencing another person. Conclusion
Nonverbal communication significantly enriches our speech, making it brighter and more emotional. Between 60 and 95% of information is transmitted through nonverbal communication. Nonverbal means of communication are used in fiction(especially in dramatic works), in criminology.
Sukhomlinsky “Words can kill - revive, wound - heal, sow confusion and hopelessness - and spiritualize”
Thank you for your attention!
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
didactic games for the development of non-verbal communication
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