Presentation of man as a spiritual being. Who sets the standards

Lesson No. 7-8

Social studies, 10

Man as a spiritual being

D.Z.: § 4, ?? (p. 45), tasks (p. 45-46)

Lesson Objectives

formation in students of moral guidelines, humanistic worldview, citizenship and general culture;
developing an understanding of the concept of “spirituality”;
formation of communicative, informational, sociocultural competence, one’s own position;
education of moral and spiritual values.

Concepts, terms

SPIRITUAL WORLD;
SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF PERSONALITY: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS, CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE MORAL CATEGORIES, WORLDVIEW AND TYPES OF ITS CLASSIFICATION

Know and be able to

Be able to:

tell your opinion;
work with the textbook text;
answer questions asked;
define the concepts: spiritual guidelines, ideal, patriotism, citizenship, worldview;
explain the essence of worldview.

REPEATING WHAT'S PASSED

WHAT CAME EARLIER: THE PERSON OR THE SOCIETY?

HISTORICALLY ESTABLISHED SUSTAINABLE FORMS OF ORGANIZATION OF JOINT ACTIVITY, GOVERNED BY NORMS AND TRADITIONS, CUSTOMS AND DIRECTED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF SOCIETY.

FIVE SOCIETY NEEDS

REPEATING WHAT'S PASSED

THE MEANING OF LIFE IS IN HUMAN EXISTENCE.

THE MEANING OF LIFE: POINTS OF VIEW

SELF-REALIZATION, SELF-KNOWLEDGE

THE PURPOSE OF LIFE IS HAPPINESS

HAVE…

GIVE AWAY

How does a spiritual person differ from an unspiritual person?

Does the ship have a helmsman named "personality"?

Are there people who have no worldview?

Learning new material on questions

Man as a spiritual being.
Spiritual life of a person.
Worldview.
Personal value guidelines.
Patriotism and citizenship.

THE SPIRITUAL WORLD OF MAN.

THE INTERNAL SPIRITUAL LIFE OF A PERSON, WHICH INCLUDES KNOWLEDGE, FAITH, FEELINGS, ASPIRATIONS OF PEOPLE

SPIRITUAL WORLD

HIGH DEVELOPMENT OF SPIRITUAL LIFE BRINGS HIGH PERSONAL QUALITIES TO A PERSON

SPIRITUALITY – THIS IS THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-REGULATION OF A MATURE PERSONALITY. EACH SPIRITUAL WORLD IS INDIVIDUAL.

WHO SETS THE STANDARDS?

YOU CAN ANSWER THIS YOURSELF: WHAT STOPS YOU IN A CHOICE SITUATION?

LET'S BACK TO THE HISTORY:

GREAT PEOPLE - CONFUCIUS, BUDDHA, MOSES, CHRIST.
"THE GOLDEN RULE OF MORALITY:" TREAT TO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD LIKE OTHERS TO TREAT TO YOU.”

- NORMS AND RULES OF MORALITY FROM EVERYDAY PRACTICE

MORALITY - THIS IS A SYSTEM OF NORMS, RULES GOVERNING COMMUNICATION AND BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE, ENSURING THE UNITY OF PUBLIC

AND PERSONAL INTERESTS.

SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF PERSONALITY: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS.

HUMANITY HAS DEVELOPED THE MAIN MORAL PROHIBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS: DO NOT KILL, DO NOT STEAL, TELL THE TRUTH, ETC.

KANT FORMULATED - CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE-

UNCONDITIONAL FORCING DEMAND WITHOUT ALLOWING OBJECTION, MANDATORY FOR ALL PEOPLE « DO IT ALWAYS

ACCORDING TO THIS MAXIM, WHICH YOU CAN AT THE SAME TIME DESIRE FOR UNIVERSALITY AS A LAW.

“DO NOT DO TO OTHERS WHAT YOU DON’T WISH FOR YOURSELF”

MORAL ATTITUDES OF PERSONALITY HAVE BEEN STUDYED BY PHILOSOPHERS

SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF PERSONALITY: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS.

IN ADDITION TO DIRECT STANDARDS OF BEHAVIOR, MORALITY INCLUDES: IDEALS, VALUES, CATEGORIES (MOST GENERAL, FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS)

IDEAL - THIS IS PERFECTION, THE HIGHEST GOAL OF HUMAN Aspiration - MODELING BY A PERSON OF THE DESIRED FUTURE.

VALUES– REFLECT WHAT IS MOST VALUABLE TO A PERSON. ON THEIR BASIS PEOPLE MAKE DECISIONS. VALUES CAN BE LEGAL, POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, ARTISTIC, PROFESSIONAL, MORAL.

IDEAL AND

VALUES

SPIRITUAL GUIDELINES OF PERSONALITY: MORALITY, VALUES, IDEALS.

GOOD AND EVIL

VIRTUE AND VICE.

THE MOST IMPORTANT MORAL CATEGORY IS – CONSCIENCE

THE ABILITY OF AN PERSON TO FULFILL ETHICAL VALUES, TO BE GUIDED BY THEM IN LIFE SITUATIONS AND TO EXERCISE MORAL SELF-CONTROL.

IMPORTANT VALUES: PATRIOTISM AND CITIZENSHIP

THE IMPORTANT MORAL VALUES IN THE SYSTEM ARE CONNECTED WITH CATEGORIES OF MORALITY

FORMATION OF MORAL PRINCIPLES AND SELF-EDUCATION

HOW DOES THE FORMATION OF MORAL PRINCIPLES OCCUR IN A PERSON: SPONTANEOUSLY OR CONSCIOUSLY

MORAL QUALITIES ARE INHERENT FROM BIRTH

POINTS OF VIEW

REPRESENTATIVES OF EASTERN PHILOSOPHY-

MAN IS THE BEARER OF EVIL

MORAL QUALITIES ARE FORMED IN THE FAMILY, IN COMMUNICATION, IN SCHOOL, IN THE PROCESS OF SELF-EDUCATION, WHERE THE MOST IMPORTANT IS SELF-CONTROL

WORLDVIEW AND ITS ROLE IN HUMAN LIFE.

-THEOCENTRISM,

NATURE-CENTRISM,

ANTHROPOCENTRISM,

SOCIOCENTRISM, SCIENTIFIC CENTRISM.

THE FOLLOWING CLASSIFICATION:

- ORDINARY WORLDVIEW OR EVERYDAY- BASED ON PRACTICE.

HIS WEAKNESS IS THE ABSENCE OF USING THE EXPERIENCE OF OTHER PEOPLE.

RELIGIOUS WORLDVIEW :

BASIS IN RELIGION. WEAKNESS IN IRANCOMPACEABILITY, IGNORING SCIENCE.

SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW –SCIENTIFIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD, LACK OF ATTENTION TO THE HUMAN PROBLEM

WORLDVIEW- THIS IS A WHOLE VIEW OF NATURE, SOCIETY, HUMAN, EXPRESSED IN THE SYSTEM OF VALUES AND IDEALS OF AN INDIVIDUAL, SOCIAL GROUP, SOCIETY

Historical types of worldview

Mythology

Historically, the first type of worldview or method of formalizing worldview ideas arises at the stage of formation of human society. This worldview is characteristic of the primitive communal system and early class society.

Religion

this is a way of mastering reality through its doubling into natural, earthly, this-worldly and supernatural, heavenly, otherworldly. The religious worldview differs from the mythological one in the way of spiritual assimilation of reality.

philosophy

The peculiarity of the philosophical worldview has become abstract-conceptual, and not sensory-figurative, as in other types of worldview, form mastering reality. The difference between a philosophical worldview and a mythological and religious one is not in the form, but in the content of mastering reality.

THE ROLE OF WORLDVIEW IN PEOPLE'S ACTIVITIES.

WORLDVIEW GIVES A PERSON GUIDANCE AND GOALS IN HIS ACTIVITY

WORLDVIEW

WORLDVIEW HELPS A PERSON HOW TO BETTER ACHIEVE GOALS.

E WORLDVIEW BASED ON VALUES DETERMINES TRUE VALUES

PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS.

1. Spiritual life- this is what elevates a person, fills his activities with deep meaning, and contributes to the choice of the right guidelines. It requires constant enrichment through communication and especially through reference to the works of Russian and foreign philosophers, the sacred books of world religions, masterpieces of domestic and world literature. fiction, music, painting.

2. Moral self-education means the unity of consciousness and behavior, the steady implementation of moral norms in life and activity. Only through the experience of good deeds and opposition to evil can one consciously carry out moral self-improvement.

3. Our time allows a person to commit ideological self-determination. But it should be remembered that the ordinary worldview leaves a person at the level of everyday concerns and does not give him sufficient grounds for orientation in a complex and rapidly changing world. modern world. Everyone chooses for himself what, in his opinion, helps him live.

Document

From the creative heritage of the Russian philosopher S. N. Bulgakov. ...Two principles constantly struggle in a person, one of which attracts him to the active activity of the spirit, to spiritual work in the name of the ideal..., and the other strives to paralyze this activity, drown out the highest needs of the spirit, make existence carnal, meager and base. This second principle is true philistinism; the philistine sits in every person, always ready to lay his deadening hand on him as soon as his spiritual energy weakens. In the struggle with oneself, including the struggle with outside world, and this is what moral life consists of, which therefore has as its condition this fundamental dualism of our existence, the struggle of two souls that live in one body not only in Faust, but in every person...

Document

Questions and tasks for the document 1. What, according to the philosopher, consists of a person’s moral life? 2. How do the concepts of “soul” and “spirit” differ in Bulgakov? 3. In what sense does the author use the words “spirit”, “spiritual”? Justify your answer using the text. 4. What ideas expressed in the paragraph are consistent with the ideas of the philosopher? 5. What conclusions can be drawn from this text?

Control questions

1. What are a person’s spiritual and moral guidelines, what is their role in activity?

2. What is the content and meaning of the “golden rule” of morality? What is the essence of the categorical imperative?

3. What are moral values? Describe them. What is the special significance of moral values for the citizens of our country in the most difficult moments of its historical development? 4. Why is the development of a person’s moral qualities impossible without self-education? 5. What is the essence of worldview? Why is worldview often called the core of a person’s spiritual world? 6. What types of worldview does science distinguish? What characterizes each of them? 7. What do the concepts of “morality” AND “worldview” have in common? What is their difference? 8. What is the significance of worldview for human activity?

Today I found out...
It was interesting…
It was difficult…
I learned…
I was able...
I was surprised...
I wanted…

To use presentation previews, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

Man as a spiritual being Brichenko L.V., teacher GBOU secondary school No. 262 2013

The spiritual world of man Knowledge Feelings Faith Aspirations Values Ideals Spirituality is the morally oriented will and mind of a person, the highest level of development and self-regulation of a mature personality

Highest human values

Unites Motherland Language Age Position Interests Religion Divides Homeland Language Age Position Interests Religion People

Essential Elements of Spirituality

Values (according to Evrasov B.S.) Political Civil society Human rights Civil liberties State Law Moral Friendship Good Love Loyalty Unselfishness Social Status Labor Work Team Religious God Salvation Law of God Grace Tradition Rituals Aesthetic Beauty Style Harmony Taste Image Vital Life Family Health Well-being Environment

This is a system of norms and rules that regulate the communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests. The task of morality is to distinguish between virtue and vice Morality

Commandments of Buddha, Confucius, Moses, Jesus Christ, Mohammed Sacred books: Bible, Koran, Torah Mass everyday practice: Sources of morality Virtue Freedom Love Honesty Generosity Kindness Hard work Modesty Loyalty Mercy Vice Murder Theft Lies Hypocrisy Treachery Cruelty Deceit Greed Cowardice CONDEMNATION APPROVAL

GOLDEN RULE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE OF I. KANT Always act in accordance with such a maxim, the universality of which as a law you can desire. GOLDEN RULE OF MORALITY Do not do to others what you do not wish for yourself. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.

The ability of an individual to recognize ethical values and be guided by them in all life situations, to independently formulate one’s moral responsibilities, to exercise moral self-control, to be aware of one’s duty to other people. Conscience is the internal regulator of our behavior. The hardest thing in life is the torment of a bad conscience.

As a great man - a Titan and a genius He dominates even in the stratosphere The great author of colorful creations, Glorified in his love and faith As an insignificant man - A victim of laziness, he is ready to believe any chimera What crimes he did not commit, reveling in shame to the fullest Alive and weak fell he, grieving, On the way, good and evil with his mind He combined and distinguished from time to time FIND YOURSELF, DENY YOURSELF AND STILL KNOW IN YOURSELF THE GREATNESS AND INITILITY OF MAN... (B. Brecht)

Farewell, unwashed Russia, country of slaves, country of masters... M.Yu. Lermontov If the holy army shouts, “Throw away Rus', live in paradise,” I will say, “No need for paradise, give me my homeland.” S. Yesenin Citizenship and patriotism

The moral shell of a person Experience is the son of difficult mistakes...

The totality of a person’s views on the world that surrounds him, expressing a person’s attitude towards the world. A holistic idea of nature, society, man, which finds expression in the system of values and ideals of the individual, social group, society Worldview, worldview, worldview...

Types of worldviews Nature-centrism Theocentrism Knowledge-centrism Science-centrism Sociocentrism Anthropocentrism

Ordinary, everyday (formed spontaneously on the basis of life experience) Religious (formed under the impression of religious texts, sermons) Scientific (based on the achievements of science and advanced thought) Classification of types of worldview

Gives guidelines and goals in practical and theoretical activities Allows you to choose the best path to achieve them Helps distinguish between true and imaginary values The role of worldview in people’s activities

The soul must work day and night, and day and night...

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

PROJECT "Man - Personality" Spiritual and moral development and education of students in the context of the introduction of Federal State Educational Standards

The project is aimed at solving the problem: how to organize educational extracurricular activities for schoolchildren so that they are aimed at achieving educational results and effects...

MAN AS A SPIRITUAL BEING.

Outline of two social studies lessons in grade 10, “Man as a Spiritual Being,” which helps students understand the spiritual and moral guidelines of a person and their role in the activities of...

The spiritual sphere of activity of man and society is the most sublime, for here what distinguishes man from other living beings is born and realized.

The spiritual sphere of human activity: morality, science, religion, education, art, culture

The spiritual world of the individual is individual characteristics a person is his temperament, character, interests, intelligence, needs, abilities.

The spiritual life of society is a relatively independent area public life, the basis of which is the production, consumption and transfer of spiritual values. The structure of the spiritual life of society consists of spiritual needs, spiritual production and spiritual benefits.

The spiritual life of society must necessarily include the human right to spiritual freedom, to realize one’s abilities, and satisfy spiritual needs. The spiritual life of society must be protected by law.

"Human self-construction" - this is a choice of life path, a person’s place in the world, acquaintance with the moral principles of society. A person builds himself as a spiritual being, realizes that he is the creator of spiritual life, culture, the bearer of spirit and mind.

Spirituality- these are feelings and awareness of reality that directly or indirectly direct a person’s life. Spirit- this is an objectively existing, individual principle capable of directing the activities of man and society. Soul– individualized spirit, a subjectively existing principle.

Morality (morality) is a set of special, spiritual rules that regulate human behavior, his attitude towards other people, himself, and also towards the environment.

The meaning of morality is embodied in the golden rule:

“act towards others as you would like them to act towards you” (or “DO NOT do to others what you do not wish for yourself”)

The requirements of morality apply to all people and do not allow any exceptions. Moral standards are an example of correct behavior.

The meaning and role of morality. 1. Good 2. Duty 3. Conscience. Good- everything that contributes to the improvement of life, the moral elevation of the individual, the improvement of society and nature. The highest manifestation of goodness is peace and love. Duty– transformation of the requirement of morality into the personal task of this particular person. Conscience– the ability of an individual to exercise moral self-control, independently form moral responsibilities for himself, demand that he fulfill them, and make a self-assessment of his actions.

In the process of historical development, morality plays an extraordinary role in society. 1. Regulates human behavior in all spheres of public life. 2. Is a life guide for a person striving for self-improvement. 3. Forms the moral character of the individual. 4. Ensures unity and consistency in the interaction of people in a wide variety of circumstances, since people's adherence to universal moral principles makes their behavior predictable.

Values– these are ideal ideas, the highest principles that determine the norms of people’s behavior and their goals (life, goodness, harmony, citizenship, patriotism, work, knowledge, human freedom)

Worldview is the totality of a person’s views on the world, as well as his attitude towards the world.

Types of worldview.

The everyday (everyday, spontaneously formed in the process of personal practical activities)
Religious (its basis is religious teachings)
Scientific (based on the achievements of science, the scientific picture of the world)

Scientists also talk about a humanistic worldview, the basis of which should be a turn towards man, everything connected with man.

Rights to personal privacy
The principle of the rule of law
"Golden Rule of Morality"
Presence of public relations

Are the following statements true?

A) The spiritual sphere is a subsystem of society as a whole.

B) Changes in the spiritual sphere are a consequence of changes in society.

Only A is correct
Only B is correct
Both judgments are correct
Both judgments are wrong

Spiritual culture is called

1) reading culture

2) religious cult

3) the process and result of spiritual production

4) stable predominance of spiritual needs over material ones

Art, science, education are covered by the concept

1) spiritual culture

2) social progress

3) industrial society

4) social stratification

Humanism is:

Integrity and fearlessness in the face of inhumanity
Philanthropy, respect for a person’s personal dignity, faith in his future
Sentimentality
Special type of activity

Morality as opposed to law:

Relies solely on public support.

Contains norms of human behavior
Arises from the historical experience of people
Under development

The rules “Don’t do to others what you don’t wish for yourself,” “don’t steal,” “Don’t lie,” “Honor your elders” are the norms of: 1. art 2. morality 3. science 4. law

You accidentally, without meaning to, caused damage or harm to another person. Which choice is consistent with the moral position of a humane person?

Do everything possible to eliminate evil, damage
Pretend nothing happened
Try not to let anyone notice the damage you've caused.
Place the blame on the person who suffered.

Worldview in a person’s life is: 1. a guideline for his activities 2. strengthening his life experience 3. connection with religion and science

A person's worldview depends on:

Historical conditions
Life experience
From education level
Internal culture

Products of material culture do not include: 1. skyscraper 2. music 3. car 4. TV

Spiritual values include:

Microscope
Scientific discovery
Computer
Videotapes

Moral qualities of a person: 1. laid down from birth 2. developed by self-education, self-improvement 3. formed by society purposefully

Worldview ideals, universal moral standards, reflecting the spiritual experience of all humanity, developing in the process of spiritual and practical activity of people - these are:

Moral
Culture
Human values
Social consciousness

Criteria for human spirituality: 1. active life position 2.possession higher education 3.commitment in thoughts and actions to universal human values

The level of development of spiritual culture is measured:

1. The volume of spiritual values created in society

2. The quality of spiritual products

3. How people use the achievements of spiritual culture

4. The degree to which people achieve social equality and introduce them to cultural values

Morality, in contrast to law, includes: 1. any law 2. Constitution of the state 3. charter public organization 4. certain principles, norms of behavior

The system of generalized views on the surrounding reality is:

Philosophy
2worldview
The science
Sociology

Slide 1

Lesson topic:
Man as a spiritual being

Slide 2

Let's check ourselves?!
Why, turning to the essence of man, do we ask what a man is, and not who a man is?

Slide 3

Let's check ourselves?!
What are the main (essential) distinctive features of a person?

Slide 4

Let's check ourselves?!
What sciences study humans? Which problems in the study of man can be classified as eternal, and which ones as urgent?

Slide 5

Determine the elements of what the following phenomena are:
Spiritual realm
Political sphere
Economic sphere
Social sphere

Slide 6

Man as a spiritual being

Slide 7

The spiritual world of man.
The concept of the spiritual life of people embraces all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation by mankind of accumulated spiritual values and the creative consciousness of new ones. For a person whose spiritual life is highly developed, spirituality means striving for the heights of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activities. For a spiritual person, the motive and meaning of life are not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values.

Slide 8

The assimilation of certain values creates value orientations - a person’s conscious desire to build his life and transform reality in accordance with them. A person whose spiritual life is poorly developed is unspiritual, unable to see and feel all the diversity and beauty of the world around him.

Slide 9

Morality is a system of norms and rules governing the communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests.

Slide 10

Morality is the internal attitude of an individual to act according to his conscience and free will

Slide 11

Assignment: pp. 36-39
1. How morality developed (or who sets moral standards). 2. Prove that moral standards have been developed over thousands of years. 3. What does the categorical imperative mean? 4. Moral categories.

Slide 13

"The Golden Rule of Morality"
“Don’t do to anyone what you don’t want done to you!” Chilon

Slide 14

Objectives of morality
morality
evaluates
educates
regulates

Slide 15

Morality evaluates
Legal assessment
Moral assessment
State
?

Slide 16

Shame
Dignity
Repentance
Self-esteem
Conscience

Slide 17

“Yes, pitiful is the one whose conscience is not clear!” A.S. Pushkin
“There cannot be true pleasure if a person’s conscience is not clear.” Margaret of Navarre
“What is glory? It’s pure happiness for us to live in peace with our conscience!” G.R.Derzhavin

Slide 18

Conscience is the ability of an individual to independently formulate his own moral obligations, to implement moral self-control, to demand that he fulfill them, and to make a self-assessment of his actions.

Slide 19

Highlight those points that are valuable to you in life.
Good studies
Understanding Parents
Visiting theaters and museums
Faithful friends
Respect class
Reading
Good attitude of teachers
Pets
Sports success
Pocket money for expenses
fashion clothes

Slide 20

Write down what you will never be able to forgive the person you are friends with or respect. Explain why. Complete the list.
Rudeness
?
Weakness of character
Coarseness
?
Betrayal
Greed
meanness
?

Slide 21

The most important value for any person is life. but sometimes people risk it. Read the texts and determine for what values people risked their lives.
Two mountaineering friends were caught in a rockfall in the mountains. One was seriously injured, and the second saved him, risking his own life.
During the typhus epidemic, the doctor helped the sick, although he knew that this was a disease.
In 1941, thousands of volunteers went to the front to fight the fascist troops that attacked our country.
Suggest your situation.

Slide 22

What are values?
Values are the positive value of something that is not questioned. Moral values serve as an ideal for all people. Seven fundamental values: Truth, Goodness, Benefit, Dominion, Justice, Freedom, Beauty.

Slide 23

Indicate what you never allow yourself to do when communicating with the person you love and value. Explain why. Add your options.
Be rude
Tell a lie
?
Deceive
Raise voice
?
Look untidy
?

Slide 24

What is an ideal?
An ideal is a model, something perfect, the highest goal of aspirations.

Slide 25

Patriotism is a value-based attitude to the Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, one’s people.
citizenship

Slide 26

Worldview and its role in human life
Worldview is a holistic idea of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of an individual, social group, society.
Types of worldview:
ordinary (everyday)
2. religious
3. scientific

Slide 27

Classification of worldview types.
Everyday worldview. The everyday worldview arises in a person’s life in the process of his personal practical activity, which is why it is sometimes called the everyday worldview. This worldview is formed spontaneously. The everyday worldview is based on a person’s direct life experience.

Slide 2

The concept of the spiritual life of people embraces all the wealth of feelings and achievements of the mind, unites the assimilation by mankind of accumulated spiritual values and the creative consciousness of new ones. For a person whose spiritual life is highly developed, spirituality means striving for the heights of ideals and thoughts that determine the direction of all activities. For a spiritual person, the motive and meaning of life are not personal needs and relationships, but the highest human values.

Slide 3

Slide 4

Morality is a system of norms and rules governing the communication and behavior of people, ensuring the unity of public and personal interests. The “Golden Rule” of morality: “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.” The categorical imperative is an unconditional compulsory requirement that does not allow objections, obligatory for all people, regardless of origin, position, circumstances. The philosopher I. Kant formulated the categorical imperative of morality: “Always act in such a maxim, the universality of which as a law you can at the same time desire.”

Slide 5

An ideal is perfection, the highest goal of human aspiration, an idea of the highest moral requirements, of the most sublime in a person. Values are what is most precious and sacred both for one person and for all humanity. Anti-values or negative values - the negative attitude of people towards certain phenomena

Slide 6

Values can be legal, political, religious, artistic, professional, moral. The most important moral values constitute a system of value-moral orientation of a person, inextricably linked with the categories of morality. Moral categories are pairwise relative, for example good and evil.

Slide 7

One of the most important moral categories is conscience. Conscience is the ability of an individual to recognize ethical values and be guided by them in all life situations, to independently formulate one’s moral responsibilities, to exercise moral self-control, and to be aware of one’s duty to other people.

Slide 8

Patriotism is also one of the most important value guidelines. Patriotism is a person’s attitude towards his Fatherland, devotion and love for the Motherland, his people. Patriotic feelings and ideas only morally elevate a person when they are coupled with respect for people of different nationalities. The qualities of citizenship are social, psychological and moral qualities individuals who combine a feeling of love for the Motherland, responsibility for the normal development of its social and political institutions, and awareness of themselves as a full citizen with a set of rights and responsibilities.

Slide 9

Moral principles are not inherent in a person from birth, but are formed in the family based on the example that is before his eyes; in the process of communicating with other people, during the period of training and education at school, when perceiving such cultural monuments that allow both to join the already achieved moral consciousness and to form one’s own moral values on the basis of self-education. Self-education in the sphere of morality is, first of all, self-control, placing high demands on oneself in all types of one’s activities.

Slide 10

Worldview is a holistic idea of nature, society, man, which is expressed in the system of values and ideals of an individual, social group, society. A person’s worldview is historical in nature: each historical era has its own level of knowledge, its own problems, its own approaches to solving them, and its own spiritual values.

Slide 11

Everyday worldview. The everyday worldview arises in a person’s life in the process of his personal practical activity, which is why it is sometimes called the everyday worldview. This worldview is formed spontaneously. The everyday worldview is based on a person’s direct life experience.

Slide 12

A religious worldview is a worldview, the basis of which is the religious teachings contained in such monuments of world spiritual culture as the Koran and the Bible. Religion contains a certain picture of the world, a doctrine about the purpose of man, commandments aimed at instilling in him a certain way of life, at saving the soul.

Slide 13

The scientific worldview is the legitimate heir of that direction of world philosophical thought, which in its development has constantly relied on the achievements of science. It includes a scientific picture of the world, generalized results of the achievements of human knowledge, principles of the relationship between man and the natural and artificial environment.

Slide 14

1. Worldview gives a person guidelines and goals for all his practical and theoretical activities. 2. Worldview through its “core” philosophy allows people to understand how best to achieve their intended guidelines and goals, equips them with methods of cognition and activity. 3.Based on those contained in the worldview value orientations a person gets the opportunity to determine the true values of life and culture, to distinguish what is really important for a person’s activity in achieving his goals from what is of no real importance.

Slide 15

It is the worldview that contains a person’s understanding of the world and the trends of its development, human capabilities and the meaning of activity, good and evil, beauty and ugliness.

View all slides