General requirements for machines, instruments and other technical products in terms of storage and transportation conditions. General requirements for machines, instruments and other technical products in terms of storage and transportation conditions Transportation and storage conditions

Group T51
OKS 03.220.10
OKSTU 0131
Introduction date 1997-01-01

Foreword

1. Developed by the Research Institute of Road Transport (NIIAT) of the Ministry of Transport of Russia. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 372 "Transport Services"

3. Introduced for the first time

1 AREA OF USE

This standard establishes a nomenclature of recommended indicators of the quality of freight traffic by all modes of transport common use and the main provisions for the selection of indicators in accordance with the goals of managing the quality of freight traffic and the objectives of improving transport services for consumers and sectors of the country's economy. Norms, specific requirements for quality indicators and methods for their assessment should be established in the regulatory documentation of each type of transport for freight transportation, approved in the prescribed manner.

Based on this standard, regulatory documents are developed on the nomenclature of quality indicators for freight transportation carried out by individual modes of transport in international, long-distance and local communications, including suburban and intracity transportation of goods of specific types or their enlarged groups, homogeneous in terms of transportability properties.

This standard does not apply to the nomenclature of quality indicators for the transport of dangerous goods.

2. DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of this International Standard, the following terms apply with their respective definitions:

2.1 transport service: The result of the contractor's activities transport service to meet the needs of the passenger, the consignor and the consignee in transportation in accordance with established norms and requirements (GOST R 51006-96).

2.2 Freight transport: Transport services for moving material assets associated with their safety and timeliness of delivery (GOST R 51006-96).

2.3 transportability of cargo: The degree of suitability (or readiness) of cargo for the transportation process.

Note - Transportability requirements provide for ensuring the transportation of cargo without damage and loss, the efficient use of vehicles, the performance of loading and unloading and storage operations and the entire range of operations associated with its movement from the sender to the recipient.

2.4 persistence of cargo: The property of the transported objects (products), to maintain a serviceable and operable condition during and after transportation.

3. GENERAL PROVISIONS

3.1 Based on the nomenclature of quality indicators, a list of names of characteristics of consumer properties of freight traffic that make up their quality, quantitative indicators and methods (methodologies) for their assessment is established.

3.2 The choice of the nomenclature of quality indicators is justified by:

• characteristics and features of the transported cargo;
• mode of transport and communication;
• rolling stock used;
• features of freight forwarding;
• requirements for the transportation process;
• tasks of quality management of transport services;
• the composition and structure of properties that characterize quality;
• basic requirements for quality indicators.

3.3 Quality indicators must meet the following basic requirements:

• contribute to ensuring that the quality of freight transport meets the needs of consumers;
• characterize all the properties of freight transportation, which determine its suitability to satisfy certain needs of consumers in accordance with its purpose;
• be stable;
• contribute to improving the quality of freight traffic;
• to exclude interchangeability of indicators in a comprehensive assessment of the level of quality of freight traffic;
• take into account modern achievements of science and technology and the main directions scientific and technological progress in transport and transport services.

4. PROCEDURE FOR SELECTING THE NOMENCLATURE OF QUALITY INDICATORS

4.1 The procedure for choosing the nomenclature of quality indicators provides for the definition of:

• type of transport;
• the name (content) of the transport service;
• basic requirements of consumers to the transportation process;
• the purposes of application of the nomenclature of quality indicators;
• initial nomenclature of groups of quality indicators;
• method for choosing the nomenclature of quality indicators.

4.2 The type of transport must be determined on the basis of a technical and economic comparison (analysis, study, etc.) of possible options for transporting cargo of a particular type and choosing one of them that, for economic, technological or other reasons, is the most efficient (economical) for the consumer of transport services. An efficient mode of transport can be chosen by the consumer of transport services using an expert method.

4.3 The name (content) of the transport service for the carriage of goods is determined on the basis of intersectoral and sectoral documents classifying services by their types depending on the type of transport used, the type of goods transported.

The document of the intersectoral level is OK 002 "All-Russian classifier of services to the population". Appropriate classifiers, industry methods and guidelines for assessing the quality of services on various modes of transport can serve as documents at the industry level.

4.4 The main requirements of consumers for the transportation process are determined in accordance with the rules for the carriage of goods by transport of a particular type, approved in the prescribed manner.

4.5 The purposes of applying the nomenclature of quality indicators are determined in accordance with the objectives of managing the quality of freight traffic. Possible purposes of applying the nomenclature of quality indicators may be to establish a nomenclature of quality indicators for freight traffic for:

• inclusion in state standards and industry standards, as well as in the rules for the carriage of goods by certain modes of transport;
• carrying out work on the development and implementation of quality management systems for transport services;
• carrying out research and development work aimed at improving the quality of transport services and the efficiency of the transportation process;
• inclusion in the terms of contractual obligations.

4.6 The initial nomenclature of quality indicators is selected taking into account the requirements of 3.2, 3.3, section 5, as well as on the basis of the requirements for the system of indicators of the quality of transport services provided for in the regulatory documents for a particular type of transport.

4.7 The method for selecting the necessary and sufficient range of quality indicators for freight traffic is established in the standards and (or) methods for choosing the range of quality indicators, as well as in industry methods for assessing the level of quality of transport services.

The main method for determining the initial nomenclature of quality indicators is the expert method.

5. NOMENCLATURE OF GROUPS OF QUALITY INDICATORS OF CARGO TRANSPORTATION AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

5.1 This standard establishes the following nomenclature of the main groups of quality indicators according to the properties of freight traffic characterized by them:

• indicators of timeliness of transportation;
• indicators of the safety of transported goods;
• economic indicators.

5.2 Indicators of the timeliness of the transportation, depending on the features they characterize, are divided into indicators:

• transportation of goods by the appointed time;
• regularity of cargo arrival;
• urgency of cargo transportation.

5.3 Indicators of the safety of transportation, depending on the features they characterize, are divided into indicators of the transportation of goods:

• no loss;
• without damage;
• without loss;
• without pollution.

5.4 Indicators of transportation of goods by the appointed date characterize the properties of transportation, due to the accuracy of the arrival of goods by a predetermined (specified) date.

The indicators of cargo transportation by the appointed time include:

• average deviation of cargo arrivals from the appointed time;
• average excess of the appointed time;
• maximum exceedance of the appointed time;
• the maximum allowable deviation from the appointed time;
• the number of deviations in the arrival of the cargo by the appointed time;
• the number of arrivals of goods by the appointed time.

5.5 Indicators of the regularity of the arrival of cargo characterize the properties of transportation, due to the frequency of receipt of cargo for a set (specified) period of time.

The indicators of the regularity of cargo arrival include:

• average number of cargo arrivals per unit of time;
• the minimum number of cargo arrivals per unit of time;
• average time between receipts of cargo;
• maximum time between arrivals of cargo;
• minimum time between receipts of cargo;
• the number of deviations from the established regularity of cargo receipt;
• the number of cargo receipts with a given (agreed) regularity.

5.6 Indicators of the urgency of cargo transportation characterize the properties of transportation, determined by the time the cargo is in the process of transportation or the speed of cargo movement.

The indicators of urgency of transportation include:

• standard (contractual) time of cargo transportation;
• average time of cargo transportation;
• the maximum allowable time of cargo transportation;
• maximum deviation from the average time of cargo transportation;
• the percentage of cargo arrivals in excess time;
• average deviation from standard time;
• average speed of cargo transportation;
• daily mileage of the vehicle;
• the number of cargo arrivals for the standard time.

5.7 Indicators of cargo transportation without loss characterize the property of the transport service to keep the mass of cargo the same at the beginning and end of the transportation or reduced in accordance with established standards natural loss. This indicator must first of all be used when transporting bulk, bulk and perishable goods.

The indicators of cargo transportation without loss include:

• loss rates;
• specific cargo losses;
• average loss of goods during transportation;
• the cost of cargo losses during transportation;
• the number of goods delivered without loss;
• coefficient of deterioration in the quality of goods during transportation.

5.8 Carriage of goods without damage indicators characterize the property of the transport service to ensure the preservation of goods during transportation and their suitability for their intended use after transportation. This indicator is recommended to be used when transporting finished products household and industrial-technical purpose.

The indicators of the transportation of goods without damage include:

• the proportion of goods transported without damage;
• average damage from cargo damage;
• unit costs from cargo damage.

5.9 Loss-free cargo transportation indicators characterize the property of the transport service to keep the number of cargo pieces the same at the beginning of the transportation and after its completion.

The indicators of cargo transportation without loss include:

• unit costs from unsafe transportation;
• share of lost goods during transportation;
• average damage from missing cargo.

5.10 Indicators of the transportation of goods without pollution characterize the property of the transport service to maintain the cleanliness of the transported cargo in accordance with established norms and requirements.

The indicators of transported goods without pollution include:

• coefficient of pollution of goods during transportation (the ratio of the number of contaminated goods to the total number of goods transported);
• share of the cargo not accepted by the consignee after transportation due to contamination;
• allowable percentage of foreign matter in the cargo;
• the proportion of foreign matter in the cargo.

5.11 When assessing the quality level of freight traffic, it is necessary to take into account economic indicators that characterize the elemental or general costs associated with the transportation process as a whole or the performance of individual works during the delivery of cargo.

The economic indicators of the efficiency of freight transportation are:

• unit costs for transportation of goods various types transport;
• specific total costs for the delivery of goods;
• costs for the production of loading and unloading and storage operations;
• percent transport costs in the cost of production (goods).

A source of information:

This standard establishes a range of recommended indicators for the quality of freight traffic by all types of public transport and the main provisions for the choice of indicators in accordance with the goals of managing the quality of freight traffic and the objectives of improving transport services for consumers and sectors of the country's economy.
Based on this standard, regulatory documents are developed on the nomenclature of quality indicators for freight transportation carried out by individual modes of transport in international, long-distance and local communications, including suburban and intracity transportation of goods of specific types or their enlarged groups, homogeneous in terms of transportability properties.
This standard does not apply to the nomenclature of quality indicators for the transport of dangerous goods.

Title of the document:	GOST R 51005-96
Document type:	standard
Document status:	current
Russian name:	Transport services. Freight transportation. Nomenclature of quality indicators
English name:	transport services. Freight traffic. Quality index nomenclature
Text update date:	19.03.2013
Introduction date:	01.01.1997
Description update date:	19.03.2013
Number of pages in the main text of the document:	12 pcs.
Publication date:	12.02.1997
Reissue:
Last Modified Date:	18.05.2011
Is located in:	OKS All-Russian classifier of standards 03 SERVICES. ORGANIZATION OF FIRMS, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY. ADMINISTRATION. TRANSPORT. SOCIOLOGY. 03.220 Transport (Transport for dangerous goods see: 13.300) 03.220.20 Road transport (Including services related to road transport; Equipment and installations for regulating traffic see: 93.080.30)

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

General requirements

Official edition

Stand rtinform 2016

Foreword

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established in GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic Provisions” and GOST 1.2-2009 “Interstate Standardization System. Interstate standards. rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for the development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation "

About the standard

1 DEVELOPED JSC "Central Order of the Red Banner of Labor Research and Design Institute of the Marine Fleet"

2 8N ESE N TK 318 "Morflot"

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification Protocol of September 29, 2015 No. 80-P

Briefly "named" the countries according to MK<ИСО 3!вв) 004- 97	Code of the country according to mk (iso 31 ee) 004-97	Abbreviated name of the national standards body
		Armstatesvdvrt
Belarus		State Standard of the Republic of Belarus
Kazakhstan		State Standard of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan		Kyrgyzstvndvrt
		Gosstandart of Russia
Tajikistan		Tvjikstvndvrt

4 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated May 17, 2016 N9 325-st, the interstate standard GOST 26653-2015 was put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation since March 1, 2017

5 INSTEAD OF GOST 26653-90

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards" (as of January 1 of the current year), and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of the following standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

© Standartinform. 2016

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced. replicated and distributed as an official publication without the permission of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

Appendix A (normative) Regulatory dynamic loads to be taken into account

Annex B (informative) Technical characteristics of materials with increased

INTERSTATE STANDARD

PREPARATION OF GENERAL CARGO FOR TRANSPORTATION

General requirements

Preparation ol general cargoes for transportation. General requirements

Introduction Detail - 2017-03-01

1 area of ​​use

This standard establishes general requirements for the preparation of general cargo for transportation in direct and mixed traffic: road, air, rail. sea ​​and river transport.

The requirements of this standard should be taken into account when developing standards, specifications And working documentation for products prepared for transportation, in terms of packaging, labeling, transportation and storage, when planning and organizing the shipment of goods, concluding agreements and contracts for the supply of goods, when exercising state control over the fulfillment by the consignor of the duties of preparing general cargo for transportation. including informing the carrier about the hazardous properties of the cargo requiring special precautions, including through the involvement of specialized organizations. duly accredited.

8 of this standard, normative references to the following interstate standards are used:

GOST 1.5-2001 Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. General requirements for construction, presentation, design, content and designation

GOST 1639-2009 Scrap and waste of non-ferrous metals and alloys. General specifications

GOST 2767-75 Ferrous secondary metals. General specifications

GOST 3916.1-96 General purpose plywood with hardwood veneer outer layers. Specifications

GOST 3916.2-96 General purpose plywood with softwood veneer outer layers. Specifications

GOST 4598-86 Wood fiber boards. Specifications

GOST 7566-94 Steel products. Acceptance, marking, packaging, transportation and storage

GOST 9078-84 Flat pallets. General specifications

GOST 9142-2014 Corrugated cardboard boxes. General specifications

GOST 9498-79 Flat ingots from aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys for rolling. Specifications

GOST 9570-84 Box and rack pallets. General specifications

Official edition

GOST 10198-91 Wooden boxes for goods weighing St. 200 to 20000 kg. General specifications

GOST 10296-79 Izol. Specifications

GOST 10632-2014 Wood chip boards. Specifications

GOST 10692-80 Steel pipes, cast iron pipes and fittings for them. Acceptance, marking. packaging, transportation and storage

GOST 10923-93 Ruberoid. Specifications

GOST 11070-74 Primary aluminum ingots. Specifications

GOST 13015-2012 Concrete and reinforced concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, marking, transportation and storage GOST 13843-78 Aluminum wire rod. Specifications GOST 14192-96 Cargo marking

GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors

GOST 15151-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products for areas with a tropical climate. General specifications

GOST 15846-2002 Products shipped to regions Far North and related areas. Packaging, marking, transportation and storage

GOST 16369-96 Timber transport packages. Dimensions

GOST 18425-73 Transport containers filled. Free fall impact test method

GOST 18477-79 Universal containers. Types, main parameters and dimensions GOST 19041-85 Transport packages and block packages of sawn products. Packing, marking. transportation and storage

GOST 19433-88 Dangerous groups. Classification and marking GOST 19437-81 Cylindrical aluminum ingots. Specifications GOST 19848-74 Transportation of goods in box and rack pallets. General requirements GOST 21136-75 Filled transport containers. Vibration test method at fixed low frequency

GOST 21140-88 Packaging. Size system

GOST 21391-84 Packaging tools. Terms and Definitions

GOST 21399-75 Transport packages for ingots, cathodes and non-ferrous metal ingots. General requirements

GOST 21650-76 Means of fastening packaged cargoes in overpacks. General requirements

GOST 21900-76 Universal aviation containers. General technical conditions GOST 22235-2010 Freight cars of the main line railways gauge 1520 mm. General requirements for ensuring safety in the production of loading and unloading and shunting operations

GOST 22477-77 Means of fastening transport packages in covered wagons. General technical requirements

GOST 23285-78 Transport bags for foodstuffs and glass containers. Specifications

GOST 24170-80 Transport packaging. Compression test methods for slinging GOST 24597-81 Packages of packaged cargo. Main parameters and dimensions GOST 26319-84 Dangerous goods. Package

GOST 26663-85 Transport packages. Formation using packaging tools. General technical requirements

GOST 26838-86 Wooden boxes and crates. Mechanical strength standards GOST ISO 2234-2014 Packing. The container is transport filled and single cargoes. Static stacking test methods

GOST ISO 2244-2013 Packaging. The container is transport filled and single cargoes. Horizontal impact test methods

GOST ISO 10531-2001 Filled transport containers. Methods for testing cargo units for resistance to mechanical stress

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or according to the annual information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index "National Standards" for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (modified), then when using this standard, you should be guided by the replacing (modified) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement. the provision in which reference is made to it applies to the part not affecting that reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this standard, the following terms are used with their respective definitions:

3.1 general cargoes (general cargoes): Various piece cargoes: metal products, mobile equipment (self-propelled and towed (trailed) vehicles on wheels or caterpillars), bulky and heavy cargoes, reinforced concrete products and structures and other construction cargoes, packaged cargoes , including dangerous goods in containers, goods in overpacks, including soft containers, timber cargo, cargo transport units, including cargo containers.

3.2 transportation of cargo: Transportation of cargo with the obligatory conclusion of a contract of carriage and compliance with all the rules established on the mode of transport on which this transportation is carried out.

3.3 direct mixed (multimodal) transportation (multimodal carnage): Carriage of goods involving at least two modes of transport under a single transportation document.

3.4 container (container): Product (container) in which the product is directly placed.

3.5 shipping container: A product (container) in which the products are directly placed, intended for storage and transportation and forming an independent cargo unit.

3.6 packaging (packaging): A means or a set of means that ensures the protection of containers with products during their circulation.

Note - The circulation process is understood as the transportation, storage and sale of products.

3.7 transport packaging product designed to protect containers with products during storage and transportation, forming an independent cargo unit.

cargo unit, cargo unit (cargo unit): Cargo prepared for loading and unloading and transport and storage operations.

[GOST IS010531. clause 3.1]

overpack: An enlarged cargo unit, formed from several cargo units using packaging means, prepared for loading and unloading and transport and storage operations.

(GOST IS010531. paragraph 3.2]

3.10 cargo transport unit; CTU : Freight container, road vehicle, railway wagon, piggyback. a swap body or similar unit used, in particular, for intermodal transport.

3.11 freight container

Consistent specifications providing strength for repeated use (over the specified service life);

A special design that ensures the transportation of goods by one or several modes of transport in direct and mixed traffic without intermediate reloading of goods:

Devices that provide mechanized reloading from one mode of transport to another;

A design that makes it easy to load and unload cargo;

Internal volume equal to 1 m or more.

3.12 contrailer

3.13 flexible container: A container capable of changing its shape and overall dimensions during its loading and unloading.

3.15 unpacking freeing the CTU of its cargo and securing means

3.16 packer party that loads, stows and secures cargo in or on a CTU; the loader may be hired either by the shipper or by the shipper, forwarding company or carrier: if the shipper or shipper loads the CTU on its territory, the shipper or shipper is also the loader. . (15]. . .

4.8 The standards and specifications for a specific cargo in containers or without it shall stipulate the possibility of its transportation on vehicles with an open body or on the upper (open) deck of ships under conditions of exposure to water in accordance with GOST 15150. GOST 15151.

4.9 Requirements for the packaging of cargo, the conditions and features of its transportation, methods and means of consolidation of packages should be given in the standards, specifications and working documentation for products of a particular type in the section "Packaging, marking, transportation and storage" in accordance with the requirements of GOST 1.5 .

4.10 Tare and packaging of goods shipped to the Far North must comply with the requirements of GOST 15846.

4.11 The consignor is responsible for the consequences caused by the provision of false information about the cargo and its properties, deficiencies in the marking, tare and internal packaging of the cargo (breakage, deformation, leakage, etc.), as well as the use of containers and packaging that do not correspond to the properties cargo, its weight or established standards, specifications and working documentation for products of a particular type, as a result of which circumstances arose that affected the safety of transportation and the safety of the transported cargo.

4.12 Cargo and its packaging offered for transportation in mixed and direct communications must ensure their safety during transshipment, as well as the safety of railway rolling stock in accordance with GOST 22235 and GOST 22477. vehicles of other modes of transport and cargo transport units.

5 Cargo requirements

5.1 Steel products

5.1.1 Preparation of certain types of metal products for transportation should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7566, GOST 10692, as well as applicable standards, specifications and working documentation for specific types of metal products.

5.1.2 Means of packaging metal products and strapping methods should ensure, in accordance with the requirements of GOST 9498. GOST 11070. GOST 13843. GOST 19437. the safety of packs, bundles, rolls and coils from spilling and unwinding, from loss and depersonalization of labels as in transshipment operations as well as during transportation.

5.1.3 When packing steel products in accordance with GOST 7566 and GOST 10692, load-bearing means of packing with upper gripping points should be used, or the configuration of the packages and the methods of their placement in vehicles should provide for building and slinging without lifting, spreading and other operations. Deviation from this rule is allowed only upon agreement with the operator of the cargo terminal where the cargo is sent, if the cargo terminal has special lifting equipment (magnets, manipulators, etc.). An indication of the possibility of slinging for load-bearing strapping and bundling means must be marked on the cargo and/or indicated in the shipping documents.

5.1.4 Rolled metal products (rails, rods, shaped steel, pipes up to 350 mm in diameter, etc.), non-ferrous metal ingots, copper and nickel cathodes, packaged and unpackaged coils (rolled wire, barbed wire, etc.) must be presented for transportation in packages.

5.1.5 Ferrous metal scrap must be divided into parts in accordance with GOST 2787. Non-ferrous metal scrap - GOST 1639. Small metal waste must be pressed into briquettes or formed into transport packages. Small scrap in the form of used hardware, tools. non-ferrous metal scrap should be placed in a strong container: boxes, barrels or specialized containers.

5.1.6 Sheet steel in coils, transported with installation on the end, should be delivered on skids, or coils should be adapted for reloading with tong grippers that compress the coil wall from the inside and outside.

5.2 Mobile (autotractor) equipment

5.2.1 In the shipping documents for self-propelled equipment and in the information sheet attached to the windshield of the cab from the inside, the name and brand of fuel intended for refueling should be indicated. At the time of loading onto vehicles, mobile equipment must be filled with fuel in the amount prescribed by the rules for the carriage of goods on the corresponding mode of transport.

5.2.2 The engine cooling system must be filled with antifreeze, and the batteries charged and ready to start the engine. After loading the equipment onto the vehicle, the key in the ignition lock must be left in the “off” position.

When the outside air temperature on the delivery route is above 4°C, the engine cooling system can be filled with water. When loading self-propelled equipment onto vehicles at an outside air temperature below 4 °C and in the absence of antifreeze in the cooling system, refueling of self-propelled equipment with hot water is allowed. Drainage of water from the cooling system in this case should be carried out immediately after loading the self-propelled equipment onto the vehicle.

5.2.3 When transporting mobile equipment in mixed traffic, its preparation for transportation is carried out by the consignor in accordance with the requirements for vehicles in accordance with GOST 15846.

5.2.4 Light and sound alarms, as well as all other devices that ensure traffic safety, must be installed and in good working order on mobile equipment.

5.2.5 With the first unit of self-propelled equipment of each type, or in advance, the consignor is obliged to send to the cargo terminals at least three copies of the instructions for the operation and management of self-propelled equipment, in cases stipulated by the rules for the carriage of goods by the corresponding mode of transport.

5.2.6 For mobile equipment, including passenger cars, the operator should draw up a slinging scheme for reloading with lifting devices, indicating the slinging points, lifting devices, the location of the slinging branches and the center of gravity. The location of the slinging branches and the devices used should exclude the possibility of damage to the mobile equipment and its paintwork.

The slinging chart should be attached to the inside of the cab glass. If the mobile equipment does not have a cabin, the scheme is attached in a conspicuous place with protection from damage by precipitation.

5.2.7 Cars shipped in a container. must be presented to the freight forwarder in wooden lattice boxes in accordance with GOST 10198.

5.2.8 When dispatching equipment intended for loading on its own, located at cargo terminals, on a contractual basis, timely recharging of batteries and performance of all other works provided for by the instructions for operating mobile equipment during its storage, including during piggyback transportation, must be ensured.

5.2.9 Tractor equipment, for which long-term storage is possible before sale, is shipped in mothballed form with dry-charged batteries. At the same time, manufacturers are obliged, on a contractual basis, to provide transport organizations with the devices necessary for loading and unloading tractor equipment onto vehicles without depreservation.

5.2.10 If it is impossible to mount a set of spare parts and attached equipment on a unit of automotive and tractor equipment, it is allowed to ship such sets in separate packages along with the dispatched batch of equipment.

5.2.11 When loading tractor equipment in mothballed form and there are towing facilities at the transshipment points. that do not require the driver to be in the cab of the towed tractor, the cabs must be closed and sealed.

5.2.12 For large-sized imported equipment shipped from the port in a partially dismantled state, instructions for dismantling the equipment must be provided in advance. Dismantling works are carried out on a contractual basis.

5.3 Oversized and heavy cargo (OTG)

5.3.1 The criteria for classifying each cargo as long, oversized and heavy are determined by the rules for the carriage of goods in force for the corresponding mode of transport.

5.3.2 On each KTG, along with the overall dimensions and weight, the slinging points and the position of the center of gravity must be marked without fail. If the use of any traverses, frames and other special devices, except for ordinary cargo ring sludge and loop slings, is required to ensure the safety of the cargo and the safety of reloading operations when moving by lifting equipment, an estropka scheme must be attached to each package or such a scheme must be sent to as part of the project for the transportation of KTG by a transport organization in advance of the arrival of the cargo.

5.3.3 Slinging points must be equipped and placed on the load, and the load must be installed on vehicle so that the installation of load gripping devices can be carried out without preliminary lifting, moving away and other auxiliary operations.

5.3.4 If any special load-handling devices, frames, traverses, etc. are required for transshipment operations, which are not available at the cargo terminal, they must be supplied by the shipper in advance or together with the cargo. On load gripping devices their load capacity and own weight must be indicated, and their delivery is carried out together with the passport for the device. The need for such a delivery must be agreed in advance by the parties participating in the delivery of the goods.

5.3.5 Slinging schemes for CTGs of large dimensions or complex shapes within the framework of the transportation project must be agreed with transport organizations in advance, and the dispatch of the goods is carried out only after such agreement.

5.3.6 Cargoes with a complex configuration of the supporting surface, cylindrical, spherical and conical, should be presented for transportation taking into account the requirements of 4.5.

5.3.7 Placement and fastening of the CTG on the vehicle is carried out according to the transportation project, developed on the basis of the requirements of the rules and technical conditions in force for the corresponding mode of transport.

5.3.8 The development of the transportation project is carried out by a specialized organization accredited in the prescribed manner, by order of the consignor.

5.3.9 The project for the transportation of KTG in the general case may include the choice of a vehicle, schemes and calculations for the placement and securing of cargo, calculations of stability (stability) and strength of vehicles, calculations and documentation for their retrofitting, reloading technology, measures to prepare loading points - unloading, to strengthen and develop the road component. including engineering structures.

The project should provide for the procedure for providing at the points of departure and. if necessary. points of transshipment and destination, auxiliary materials and devices for loading and unloading, warehousing, fastening and transportation (traverses, frames, gaskets, racks, beams, wedges, etc.).

5.3.10 The cargo is accepted for transportation after the project of its transportation and fastening is agreed with the carrier. If necessary, the transportation project is agreed with the consignor, recipient. cargo terminals and other transport and installation organizations involved in the delivery and installation of cargo at the recipient.

5.3.11 Equipment in boxes and unpackaged, metal structures, the specific pressure from which on vehicles exceeds the allowable, should be transported according to projects, the need for the development of which is determined by the carrier.

5.4 Concrete products and structures

5.4.1 Products and structures made of reinforced concrete, depending on the type, weight and dimensions, are presented individually, in universal or special containers, canisters, cassettes, bags and on pallets.

5.4.2 Each design and product upon delivery must be marked in accordance with GOST 14192 and GOST 13015.

5.4.3 Reinforced concrete products must have devices for slinging. The exposed surfaces of steel embedded parts, reinforcement protrusions, mounting loops and sling holes must be cleaned of concrete or mortar sagging. On products that are not structurally provided for slinging devices and it is difficult to distinguish the top from the bottom (beams, slabs and other products with asymmetrically located reinforcement), the consignor in a clearly visible place with indelible paint should be applied mounting signs indicating the place of slinging of the product, the center gravity (if necessary), top of the product, place of support of the product, installation risks on the product. The image, name and purpose of mounting signs must comply with those specified in GOST 13015 (table 7).

5.4.4 Reinforced concrete products, during the transshipment and transportation of which the use of special devices (cassettes, combs, pyramids, etc.) is prescribed, should be delivered for transportation together with the specified devices.

5.4.5 Small items (lintels, window sills, light beams, asbestos-cement pipes, etc.) should be presented for transportation in overpacks and containers. Standards, specifications and working documentation for specific types of products should indicate the applicable standards for packages and containers.

5.4.6 Reinforced concrete products from autoclaved cellular and heat-resistant concretes on liquid glass, as well as multilayer products with a layer of insulation, elements with plug-in window frames and door blocks must be protected at manufacturing plants from damage and moisture. Textured, sanded or lined surfaces of wall panels and blocks must be protected from damage with soft pads.

5.4.7 Window sashes and doors inserted into the frames must be secured in the closed state.

5.4.8 Structural elements that do not have sufficient rigidity during transportation must be temporarily reinforced.

5.4.9 The consignor is obliged, prior to presenting reinforced concrete products for sea transportation, to provide the transport organization with information about the cargo in the recommended form given in Appendix B., which also includes:

Product name, brand, weight in kilograms, dimensions (length, width, height or thickness);

The storage scheme and the number of tiers allowed in a stack, based on the strength characteristics of the products:

Dimensions of linings and gaskets (taking into account the height of the mounting loops and protruding parts of the products);

Slinging scheme indicating the maximum angles of deviation of the branches of the sling from the vertical;

Data on gripping devices;

Special conditions for loading and unloading operations;

A sketch of the placement and fastening of products on a vehicle in cases provided for by the rules of transportation and the technical conditions for securing goods on the corresponding type of transport*. (5) and (10].

5.5 Packaged goods

5.5.1 Unit cargo must be presented for transportation in packages or containers. Goods in bags should be presented for transportation in overpacks, including soft containers.

5.5.2 Piece loads in cylinders, bottles, canisters, flasks, bags, etc. should be presented for transportation only in packages or containers.

5.5.3 Unit cargo, the tare strength of which is insufficient for stacking in several tiers, should be presented for transportation in box and rack pallets in accordance with GOST 9570 in accordance with the requirements of GOST 19848 or in containers.

5.6 Goods in overpacks

5.6.1 Cargoes that, due to their size, transport characteristics and properties, can be formed into transport packages, must be presented by the consignor for transportation in packaged form.

The package is a transport package. All shipping documents should indicate the number of packages and, if possible, the number of individual pieces in them.

5.6.2 The transport characteristics of enlarged packages (dimensions, weight, specific loading volume) and the conditions for their formation must comply with the requirements of GOST 3916.1. GOST 3916.2. GOST 4598. GOST 7566. GOST 9078. GOST 10632. GOST 10692. GOST 16369, GOST 19041. GOST 19848. GOST 21391. GOST 21399. GOST21650. GOST 23285. GOST 24597. GOST 26663. When choosing package sizes, it is necessary to take into account their multiplicity to the internal dimensions of the cargo spaces of vehicles.

5.6.3 The design of bags and flexible containers should ensure their strength and stability. the impossibility of removing individual places from the package or scattering the contents from soft containers without violating the packaging means, strapping or control tapes, as well as safety during transshipment and transportation in several tiers.

The design of the package should provide, if necessary, the possibility of monitoring individual places without dismantling it.

5.6.4 Filling the area of ​​flat pallets with a stack of cargo should be at least 90%.

5.6.5 In the standards for strapping materials and packaging means, it is necessary to indicate the possibility of their use when transporting cargo on an open rolling stock, on the open deck of ships under the influence of solar radiation, atmospheric precipitation and sea water, taking into account the requirements of GOST 15150.

5.7 Groups in universal medium and large-capacity containers

5.7.1 Containers are not allowed for transportation if they have such damages, deformations and malfunctions, as a result of which the safety of transshipment, the reliability of fastening of containers is not ensured, or damage to the transported cargo, loss of the contents of the container and access to the cargo is possible (18). .

5.7.4 The cargo in the container should be placed in such a way that the resulting position of the center of gravity of the container is as close as possible to the middle of its length and to the middle of its width. The eccentricity of the center of gravity of the container with cargo should generally not exceed 5%. In certain circumstances agreed upon in the chain of the forthcoming transport of the container, an eccentricity of up to 10% may be accepted, since improved spreaders for handling containers are able to correct such eccentricity. .

5.7.5 The strength of air containers must comply with the requirements of GOST 21900. and the strength of packages and means of securing individual packages on the aircraft (helicopter) transportation equipment must be calculated taking into account the dynamic loads specified in Appendix A. Table A.5.

When loading aviation containers, the displacement of the center of gravity in the horizontal plane allowed in accordance with GOST 21900 should not exceed 10% of the internal width and 5% of the internal length of the containers. In the vertical plane, the displacement of the center of gravity is not allowed.

5.8 Dangerous goods in containers

Preparation for the transportation of dangerous goods in containers must comply with the requirements of applicable international and national regulations for the transport of dangerous goods by the appropriate mode of transport. (12). (13). (14), (15], (16], (17] as well as the requirements of this standard.

Placement and securing of dangerous goods in the container must be carried out taking into account the provisions of 5.7.2.

6 Shipping container requirements

6.1 Cargoes that require packaging to protect against loss, damage and damage, or that pose a danger to people, transshipment and vehicles in an unpacked form, should be presented for transportation in containers and packaging that meets the requirements of the standards. specifications and working documentation for products prepared for transportation.

The dimensions of the transport container and packaging must comply with the requirements of GOST 21140, dangerous goods - GOST 26319, products shipped to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas. - GOST 15846.

6.2 The design of the container shall withstand the tests in accordance with GOST ISO 2234.

6.2.1 When placing packages in the cargo spaces of vehicles in several tiers, the allowable number of tiers for stacking is calculated by the formula

p----+1. (1>

where n is the allowable number of tiers:

N - load during the stacking test (see marking of packages), kg (12); k yL - coefficient of vertical dynamism (for the carriage of dangerous goods by sea it is taken equal to 1.8);

M - gross weight of a package, kg. d - free fall acceleration (9.81 m / s 2).

6.2.2 The fastening of the container with the cargo inside the transport package along the horizontal component must withstand the load F fP in newtons (N). calculated by the formula

Ft - 0.8 O d, (2)

where 0.8 - coefficient of horizontal dynamism;

O - net weight of cargo, kg; d - free fall acceleration (9.81 m / s 2).

6.2.3 The means of fastening cargo in overpacks must ensure the safety of packages under the action of maximum dynamic loads that occur on the modes of transport involved in transportation in accordance with Appendix A.

6.2.4 A container with a load when lifting in slings must withstand the load F c (compression from the sling according to GOST 24170). in newtons (N). calculated by the formula

Fc = 14.2 M. (3)

where M is the gross weight of the cargo, kg.

6.3 Cargoes in a shipping container with a gross weight of more than 1 t, machines, equipment, assemblies and parts required for transportation without packaging or with partial protection, for the convenience of carrying out cargo operations and the possibility of fastening on a vehicle, must have devices (rings, brackets, butts, hooks, mounting loops, sling holes) or places for slinging. or winding of flexible fastening elements and input of a loader pitchfork.

These places and devices must be marked and specified in the accompanying documentation*.

6.4 When transporting goods, the mechanical strength of wooden boxes and crates and methods of its control must comply with the requirements of GOST 26836. GOST 18425. GOST 21136. GOST ISO 2244. and corrugated cardboard boxes - GOST 9142.

6.5 If the standards, specifications and working documentation for products prepared for transportation provide for the reuse of containers, they must meet the following conditions:

The mechanical strength of the returnable packaging shall comply with the requirements of 5.5:

Drawers and crates must be intact, without warping the frame and cracks due to the departure of nails;

Barrels must be without dents, smudges, with a full set of hoops:

Bags must be whole, dry;

The packaging must not have protruding sharp objects in the form of nails, wire, metal bands, etc.;

The lifting slings of flexible containers must be in good condition.

Regulatory dynamic loads to be taken into account on the corresponding mode of transport

Accelerations (a) to be taken into account during transport include acceleration due to gravity (0 ■ 9.81 m/s3) and accelerations due to typical transport conditions, such as emergency braking or a sudden change of lane by a vehicle, or vessel movements in slight seas. aquatic environment. These accelerations are expressed as the product of the free fall acceleration (d) and the dynamic coefficient (* d) during transportation

s i c * 9 (A.1)

Tables A.1-A.5 present the dynamic factors to be taken into account on the respective mode of transport for different directions relative to the vehicle. In mixed (multimodal) transport, to prevent movement, the load must be secured in the longitudinal and transverse directions according to the worst combination of individually horizontal and corresponding vertical loads on each of the modes of transport involved. The strength of the container must meet the same conditions.

Table A.1

Automobile transport
Fastening about not ruling	Dynamic factor
	Longitudinally * a1			Minimum vertical down to
longitudinal
transverse

Table A.2

	Railway transport
(multimodal transportation involving rail transport)
	Dynamic factor
Fastening in direction	Longitudinally		Minimum vertical
Longitudinal
transverse
* Values ​​in parentheses apply only to dynamic loads with short exposure times of 150 ms or less and can be used, for example, in container design.

T a 6 l and c a A.3

Sea transport

Normalized wave height (L #) 3% * security in the sea area		Fastening about direction	Dynamic factor
			Longitudinally		vertically down to
		longitudinal
		transverse
	7 m< Л. 4 11м	longitudinal
		transverse
		longitudinal
		transverse

* the height of the smallest of the three highest of 100 successively observed waves is taken as the height of waves with 3% probability.

NOTE A description of areas A, b and C is given in Table A.4.

Table A.4

Maritime areas
	7 m< S 11 м
Inland waterways;	North Sea:	Unlimited
Baltic Sea	Skvgerrak Strait:
(including the Kattegat Strait);	Strait of the English Channel;
Mediterranean Sea;	Japanese Sea:
Black Sea;	Sea of ​​Okhotsk;
Red sea:	Coastal or inter-island flights to
Persian Gulf:	the following areas:
Coastal or inter-island flights	South-central part of the Atlantic
in the following areas;	which ocean (between 3S ®S and 40 *S);
Atlantic Central Honor	South Central Indian
ocean (between 30 *N and 35 *S);	ocean (between 3S *S and 40 *S);
Central part of the Indian Ocean	South Central Pacific
on (up to 35 * in);	on (between 35"S and 45*S)
Pacific Central Honor
(between 30'N and 35'S)

Table A.S

Shipper		Registration number Name of cargo
Consignee		Carrier
Name/means of transport	Station/Port of departure	Vessel navigation area. the calculated wave height ft ". 4 m
Station/Port of Destination		Requirements for stowage and securing cargo
General description of the cargo (shape, overall dimensions, weight.packing)		Total mass of cargo (kg: t) □ General cargo □ Packages
Transport characteristics of the cargo": Specific loading volume, mt Permissible stacking height, m ​​and/or tiers Angle of static stability, hail. Coefficients of friction for pairs: cargo-cargo, cargo-steel, cargo-wood, etc. Permeability coefficient (when the cargo space is flooded) Chemical properties and other potential hazards.
’ As applicable and known. ” For example: IMO class. UN number. emergency number.
Transport and special properties of cargo Norms of consumption of materials and means of securing cargo		Additional documents □ Document on the strength of load-bearing palletizing means □ Document on the stowage and securing of cargo in the means of enlargement □ Document on the strength of cargo securing means □ Document on the safe stowage and securing of cargo on board □ Other documents
		* If needed.
DECLARATION		Name/status of signatory organization
I hereby declare that the cargo (goods) is fully and accurately described and that the measurements and instructions given are in accordance with my knowledge and belief and can be considered appropriate for the cargo to be loaded and the conditions of the forthcoming transportation.		Signature on behalf of the shipper Place and date

information about the cargo must contain reliable and complete information about the transport characteristics. all special and dangerous properties of the cargo, about the precautionary measures that are necessary for the safe transportation of the cargo, its placement and fastening on the vehicle.

The cargo information consists of the following parts:

B.1 Information about the participants in the transportation of goods: the consignor, the consignee and the carrier, indicating their exact names and details, the name and / or type of means of transport: the names of the points of departure and destination. Information about the carrier, consignee, points of departure and destination, the area of ​​navigation of the vessel and the estimated wave height are given to the extent they are known at the time of development of information about the cargo.

B.2 Description of the cargo indicating:

c) the proper shipping name with the necessary specification of the standard, specifications and working documentation for the manufactured products, the manufacturer's organization:

b) the shape, overall dimensions and weight of the package.

c) the type and description of the packaging, including the presence and strength of the devices for which the cargo is transshipped and secured;

d) transport characteristics of the cargo (specific loading volume, allowable stacking height, static stability angle, friction coefficients of pairs: cargo-cargo, cargo-steel, cargo-wood, etc. coefficient of cargo permeability (when the cargo space is flooded);

e) chemical properties and other potential hazards;

e) transport and special properties.

B.3 Requirements and measures to ensure the safety of transportation, including requirements for stowage and securing of cargo, instructions on declarations, certificates and other documents accompanying the cargo.

Information about the transport characteristics for their inclusion in the cargo information is determined by the information developer using the following methods:

Specific loading volume c. m e / t, - the volume occupied by a unit of mass of cargo with the accepted method of stowage, which is determined by actual measurements on vehicles or in measured containers with an accuracy of not less than xb%;

Permissible stacking height, m ​​and/or tiers, which is determined by the cargo manufacturer, based on safety requirements (the height of the cargo spaces of ships is 8 m or more), taking into account the mass of packages and dynamic loads to be taken into account during transportation in accordance with Appendix A.

Angle of static stability x. deg. - an acute angle between the horizontal plane and the inclined base of the stack of cargo at the moment of the beginning of its displacement in any form: overturning, slipping or loss of stability of the stack structure. The angle is determined by actual measurements on a special installation, consisting of an inclined platform of the appropriate carrying capacity, with dimensions of at least 1200 × 2600 mm (for example, cargo and shovels for cargo handling, dump truck body, 20-foot roll trailer, etc.), allowing to form a representative fragment of the studied structure of the stack, side railing with a height of at least 300 mm in one of the narrow parts of the platform and a device for measuring the angle of inclination of the platform base (stack structure) relative to the horizon with a division scale value of not more than G. The static stability angle % must be indicated (defined) for structure-forming cargoes with a specific loading volume and & 1.5 m 3 /t and for stacked cargoes when transported on the upper deck and hatch covers of ships, regardless of father;

Coefficients of static friction / couples load-load, load-steel, load-wood or load and other anti-slip materials recommended for use in order to increase the stability of the structure of this load are determined by (21] on the installation described in the previous paragraph, as the tangent of the angle of inclination the base of the platform at the moment of the beginning of the sliding of the load on the base under study;

Permeability coefficient k - the ratio between the volume of voids in the stack and the total volume of the stack

where Y w, - the total volume occupied by a stack of cargo in the cargo space of the ship. m e:

V is the net volume of cargo (the sum of the volumes of packages). m e.

The permeability coefficient is determined by actual measurements of stacks on vehicles or in measuring containers with an accuracy of at least * 5 × measured value:

Chemical properties and other potential hazards are given by the developer with an indication of the IMO Class. UN numbers and emergency card numbers with reference to the source of information.

Each of the above characteristics is given if it is applicable to this cargo.

B.4 Transport and special properties of the cargo - this section should indicate the properties of the cargo that determine its compatibility with other cargo, requiring the adoption of special measures to protect workers, etc.

B.5 Consumption rates for materials and cargo securing means - in this section, consumption rates can be given taking into account the actual angle of static stability of the cargo, other transport characteristics of the cargo, the area of ​​the forthcoming transportation, the anti-slip materials used and other factors.

B.6 Requirements for stowage and securing cargo - this section should list measures to ensure its safety, non-displacement, etc., or a link to the document in which they are given, for example, to the manual on securing cargo.

B.7 Additional documents - this section is filled out if the cargo is in the form of enlarged packages formed using load-bearing packaging equipment (document on the strength of load-bearing packaging equipment), or in vehicles enlarged under the seals of the sender (Declaration on the conformity of stowage and fastening of cargo in a vehicle conditions of carriage), the use of regulated materials or objects, for example, timber (quarantine certificate) and in other cases, if necessary.

If there is not enough space on the form, all the necessary information can be given in one or more annexes to the cargo information.

Information about the cargo and attachments to it must be certified by the personal signature of the developer with the indication: "On behalf of the consignor."

Technical characteristics of materials with increased coefficient of friction

B.1 Roofing material according to GOST 10923 is kvrton. soaked in soft oil bitumen(roofing) with subsequent application of refractory bitumen with filler and coarse-grained dressing on one side of the sheet on both sides of the sheet. Roofing felt is supplied in rolls 1000-1050 mm wide. The length of the canvas in a roll is 10-15 m. When heated to a temperature of 70 * C, the roofing material does not emit toxic substances.

B.2 Isol according to GOST 10296 is a baseless biostable hydro- and pvro-insulating material. obtained from a rubber-bitumen binder, plasticizer, filler, antiseptic and polymer additives. Supplied in rolls of 2 mm thick canvas. 600 or 1000 mm wide and 10 or 15 m long.

B.3 Wood predominantly of low value in the form of boards, beams, wedges and plywood.

B.4 Other types of special materials with increased coefficient of friction or adhesive effect.

B.5 When calculating the strength of containers and securing loads, the values ​​of friction coefficients given in Table B.1 should be used. unless the information on the cargo (see Annex 6) indicates otherwise. Otherwise, the static friction coefficient/incline test method should be determined from (21).

Table 8.1

Friction pair	Coefficient of static friction./	Friction angle
Cast iron on steel
Cast iron on wood
Cast iron on roofing material
Steel on steel
Steel on wood
Steel on rubber
Steel on ruberoid
Wood by wood
Wood rubber
Burlap (jute) on burlap
Burlap on steel
Burlap on wood
Concrete on wood
paper on paper
Paper on steel
wood paper
Polypropylene for wood
Polypropylene on steel
Polyethylene for wood
Polyethylene on steel
Polyethylene on polyethylene
Polyethylene over polypropylene

Bibliography

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