Customs (Wikipedia) is a set of means and methods for complying with measures for customs and tariff regulation and the introduction of restrictions and prohibitions that may be associated with interleaving Vehicle and goods across the state border.
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According to the Wikipedia portal, the term "customs" includes a wide range of legal and financial issues. All of these questions are related to one degree or another. foreign economic activity. First of all, this applies to the provision of state bodies quality regulation foreign trade interactions. All these processes are carried out by establishing tariff barriers and various non-tariff restrictions.
The purpose of these measures is primarily to limit the supply of any product to the domestic market of the state. Thus, the customs policy of any country most often acts as a tool for establishing foreign policy and foreign trade relations.
Another aspect of the activities of the described structures is legal. AT modern Russia formed a narrow branch of administrative law, which was called customs law. This category includes all types of legal relationships that arise between the state and all participants in foreign trade activities. The main regulatory document that regulates this type of activity is the Customs Code of the Customs Union.
Customs is a government agency whose main function is to control the movement of material assets, vehicles, people and animals. Other functions are the collection of due duties, the application of certain customs procedures, and the preparation of relevant documentation.
Customs Officer
An employee of the state customs service is not the most difficult, it does not require exceptional abilities from a person. Customs officers rarely work physically.
The main duties of a customs officer are:
- Investigation of existing cases of violations of customs law.
- Preparation of relevant customs documentation.
- Work at checkpoints.
- Screening at airports, railway stations or customs points personal belongings of citizens or transported goods.
- Accounting and control of confiscation.
- Identification of goods included in the list of prohibited import and export.
- Identification of facts of smuggling.
- Prevention of offenses in the field of customs law.
In his professional activity customs officer checks accompanying documentation attached to the goods, and draws up declarations. In addition, his duty is to determine the country of import and export, the calculation of the amount of duties.
Since the range of duties of a customs officer is quite wide, within this specialty there are several narrow divisions that depend on the specific place of work of a specialist:
- Checkpoint officer.
- Passport Control Officer. Mostly girls work here.
- International Customs Officer.
Items customs inspection may be located at airports, railway stations or seaports.
Necessary personal qualities
The work of a customs officer is always associated with some risks and imposes certain requirements on the representative in terms of psychology and personal qualities. Due to the specifics of the activity and a large number of temptations, a fairly high level of honesty, integrity and patriotism will be required. In addition, the mandatory personal qualities of a customs officer should be:
Sometimes it can be quite difficult to determine visually whether a person is carrying a prohibited cargo, and very often comes to the rescue well developed intuition. An experienced customs officer can get ahead of this by some signs known to him alone. A good knowledge of psychology and your own "sixth sense" can help in this.
In addition, a thorough knowledge of all legal and regulatory documents and legislative framework, documentation rules, possession of a certain speech style. Thus, everything who is interested in- is it worth going to study in the direction of customs, should develop at home necessary qualities personality and psychology skills.
Profession benefits
If you ask any customs officer about the merits of his profession, first of all he will start talking about the colossal public importance. Exactly these people who is on guard economic security states, prevent terrorists from crossing borders and smuggling.
- One of the undoubted advantages of this profession is its high demand. The customs service is constantly expanding due to the increase in international trade contacts and the increase in the number of citizens who cross the borders of our country.
- Customs officers have certain benefits - an early retirement and a good financial increase to the pension. Benefits for employees who worked at checkpoints and identified goods prohibited for import are equal to benefits for military personnel.
- Under the influence of the specifics of their activities, over time, analytical abilities, attention and observation, memory and intuition develop superbly. All these qualities can be very useful not only in this narrow specialization but also later in life.
- In the process of working at customs, an employee acquires such a volume of skills and knowledge in jurisprudence and economics, which will allow him to qualify for a decent leadership position in big company or in an enterprise.
Negative aspects of the profession
Like any profession, customs has not only clear advantages, but also a number of disadvantages:
Thus, a long stay in such a service can cause neurosis and prolonged depression. Therefore, it is very important to understand whether you are ready to work in this area.
Where is this profession taught?
To get the profession of a customs officer, it is not necessary to have a specialized education in this area. However higher education in any case, it is an essential requirement for the applicant. Additional knowledge and skills can be obtained by completing specialized courses.
And yet in specialized universities you can get this profession. Such specialists are highly valued in the professional environment. The higher the qualification of an employee, the more chances he has for a good job. career. Get a specialty is possible in leading Russian universities. One of the best universities that graduate specialists in the field of "customs" is SFU (Siberian Federal University).
Profession customs officer as popular and prestigious, as complex and responsible.
All countries have their own customs, where specialists work to ensure the delivery and export (import) of goods and vehicles across the border. Customs officers often decide financial questions collect payments, and deal with customs clearance.
What is the social significance of the customs officer profession?
During economic development society, it became necessary to control goods that cross the border of the country in any direction. To do this, they began to establish rules for the import (export) of goods and collect customs payments for their movement. Despite the fact that most people consider customs officers their enemies, no one thinks of abolishing this profession, which is necessary for everyone. In addition to replenishing the state budget through payments, the customs service prevents the importation of goods illegally, while ensuring national security and minimizing the threat of terrorism.
It should be noted that the profession of a customs officer is quite complex and multifaceted. the main task customs officers - to ensure economic state security, create conditions for the successful development of the state economy. They serve as a reliable barrier to offenders, including smugglers carrying drugs, weapons, currency and various cultural values. The fight against cunning and dodgy violators requires huge skills and experience from customs officers.
Customs officers actively use all kinds of technical means in their work, allowing them to control postal items, hand luggage, packages with cargo, as well as transport.
The main qualities of people with the profession of a customs officer
Honest, responsible and scrupulously fulfilling their duties specialists should deal with the customs business.
The main requirements for customs officers are diligence, literacy, analytical mind, knowledge foreign languages and excellent health. In addition to these personal qualities include: high concentration, attentiveness, good memory, quick reaction, observation, discipline, good intuition and the ability to understand people.
A translator, a programmer, a psychologist, a lawyer, an economist, and a forensic specialist can be considered a real customs officer. All employees at the initial stage of service in the customs are obligatory trained at the Institute for Advanced Studies and undergo retraining of personnel. And over time, experience comes to them (customs instinct).
Countries on present stage should develop an appropriate foreign policy, which would participate in the creation of the most better conditions to promote services and goods on the international market, as well as to promote the development of favorable conditions for cooperation in the field of trade with other countries.
by the most important elements involved in this is customs structure with its customs-tariff mechanism, which must be clearly debugged, since the security of the state depends on it.
From the history of customs, it follows that scientists could not determine the exact date of its origin, but it is known for certain that it first appeared in the south of Spain in the city of Tarifa before our era. It was at that distant time that a table was compiled in which the list of goods included in it was systematized by setting a duty, named after the Spanish city - the tariff.
In Russia, the customs business has a thousand-year history, and was associated with the need to control goods exported abroad, as well as in connection with the creation of exchange points for industrial goods, their transshipment and storage. To this end, customs offices were created in every major Russian city, and local residents began to work for them. As a result, not only new jobs have appeared, but also new profession- a customs officer, that is, a service person who collected a fee.
Profession - customs officer
In order to clearly understand what the profession of a customs officer is, it is necessary to understand, first of all, what the customs business consists of, the structure of which can be conditionally represented by the following blocks:
- The first block is responsible for the principles related to the movement across the border, both vehicles and goods.
- The second is customs regimes.
- The third is responsible for collecting payments and regulating customs tariffs.
- The fourth is engaged in customs clearance.
- Fifth - customs control.
- The sixth is the provision of customs privileges.
- The seventh block is in charge of the Commodity nomenclature related to foreign economic activity and customs statistics.
- The eighth block includes legal regulation liability for customs violations.
All blocks are aimed at achieving economic, regulatory and law enforcement goals. In accordance with this, economists, lawyers, programmers, and extras work in customs.
So who is a customs officer? Based federal law dated 21.07.1997 No. 114 as amended on 22.12.2014, which refers to the service in the state customs authorities of Russia, customs officers in the exercise of their professional activities are guided by the rights and obligations provided customs authorities.
Due to the fact that the State Customs Service has rather complex multifunctional character, Customs officers must be fully familiar with the rules and procedures relating to customs activities, as well as their rights and obligations, to be well versed in the psychology of people. Good health, knowledge of foreign languages, discipline, as well as the presence of developed intuition and the ability to quickly assess the current situation in order to make an appropriate decision are welcome.
Advantages of the profession of a customs officer
- The prestige and nobility of the profession, which, in fact, is the key to the security of the country.
- Customs officers are entitled to receive free medical care in healthcare facilities owned by state customs authorities or in any other medical institutions in their absence.
- Favorable conditions for retirement.
- After the end of service in government bodies the acquired experience in the field of foreign economic activity can be used when working in commercial organizations.
Disadvantages of the profession of a customs officer
- Often, work is associated with minimal comfort or is completely devoid of it.
- Relatively low wages with high responsibility. This mainly applies to the state customs service.
- Constant pressure from those who want to circumvent the law.
Summary
Customs in Russian state is over a thousand years old. Researchers argue that the Mongol-Tatar conquerors left their mark on the history of the development of customs. It was then that the word “tamga” came into circulation, which in translation from Turkic meant duty, and the word “tamzhit” came from the word duty, that is, to collect a duty.
Thus, the main goal of the customs business was to meet the needs of the state in monetary terms through the collection of trade duties, as well as to regulate relations in foreign trade.
Therefore, in order to develop an energetic foreign economic policy, the state began to create a customs service that would ensure the integration of the country into the world economy.
One of the main directions of the customs service is the fight against smuggling and violation of the rules established by customs service. In order for this struggle to be successful, customs officers must quickly navigate in a specific situation and take prompt measures in time.
The profession of a customs officer requires extensive knowledge of legal, economic, psychological, cynological, linguistic sciences. In addition, he must be familiar with law enforcement agencies.
But, like any other chosen profession, it has positive and negative sides that you must know. Otherwise, in the future, such ignorance can have a very negative impact on a career or even lead to a psychological breakdown.
Today's graduates know perfectly well who economists and lawyers are, but what kind of profession "Customs" is and whether it is worth studying is a difficult question.
The job market is overflowing with programmers, managers and psychologists, and there are not enough specialists in really demanded specialties.
So what are the features of the profession of a customs officer and what you need to know about it?
What is the profession of a customs officer
With a little bit of pathos, we can say that a customs officer is a person on guard of the national security of the whole country.
This is a civil servant who controls the movement of various goods, goods, products both in our country and abroad.
It is also responsible for the collection of fees and charges. If a customs officer specializes in passenger traffic, then it controls the observance by citizens state regulations and laws relating to the movement and registration of arrivals and departures, as well as the import and export of goods.
This profession cannot be attributed to harmful specialties, it also does not provide for heavy physical exertion. Suitable for both men and women.
The main duties of a customs officer are:
- Identification and investigation of offenses.
- Work with documents.
- Work at the checkpoint (checkpoint).
- Carrying out screening at airports, railway stations, customs points of hand luggage, luggage and documents of passengers and transported goods.
- Accounting and control of confiscation.
- Search and clearance of contraband goods.
- Determining the amount of fees and their collection.
- Carrying out preventive measures in the field of customs law.
Usually the career path begins with the work of an ordinary inspector. Next come the positions of senior inspector and head of department. The top of the career ladder can be a position as a customs policy maker or head of the state apparatus. Statistics show that most specialists remain at the initial stage.
Its useful to note: in the field of customs, along with general professions, there are narrower positions of a checkpoint officer, a passport control worker, and a department specialist.
Which universities in Moscow teach in the specialty "Customs"
In Moscow, there is an excellent base for training a future customs officer.
Faculties in the specialty are present in the following universities:
- MFUA Academy;
- MCEI;
- RosNOU;
- RANEPA (there are budget places);
- REU them. G.V. Plekhanov (there is a budget);
- RUDN;
- MADI;
- MGEI;
- Moscow University. S.Yu. Witte;
Universities of St. Petersburg with a specialization "Customs"
In St. Petersburg, you can learn to become a customs officer at the following institutes and universities:
- SZIU RANEPA;
- University under the IPA EurAsEC;
- GUAP;
What is the salary of customs officers
According to regional statistics, the highest paid regions are Moscow (50,000), Leningrad (43,000) and Samara (41,000) regions.
Medium wage across the country is 25,000. Consequently, the level of payment can drop to 18-20 thousand rubles.
At the same time, do not forget that when you gain experience, you can get 2 times more.
Pros and cons of the profession of a customs officer
The advantages of the profession are:
- social significance.
- Benefits correlated with military service or work in the authorities (early pension with a financial increase).
- Not the hardest training.
- Higher education is not always required.
- Work contributes to the development of attention, memory, knowledge in various fields.
- Rare employment problems.
The disadvantages of the profession are:
- stress and psychological pressure;
- corruption in the field;
- bureaucracy in the field;
- frequent purges and staff turnover;
- average salary;
- there may be cases of threat to health and life from unscrupulous citizens.
Where to study as a customs officer after grade 9
In order to go to work in customs, it is not always necessary to obtain a higher education.
A teenager after grade 9 without education can get a job at a checkpoint or passport control, at an international customs office and a customs inspection point.
If there is a goal, you can get an average professional education majoring in customs in many colleges in the country (for example, in the Capital Business College).
What items to take
To enter the university for the specialty "Customs", you must pass the following profile exams:
- Russian language.
- Social science.
- Foreign language.
How to get a job in customs without work experience
Despite the fact that the profession is in demand, a graduate may be faced with the fact that preference will be given to a person with experience. But this does not mean that getting a job in the specialty will be unrealistic.
Submit your resume to the Human Resources department in person, look for vacancies on a competitive basis, where you can prove yourself better.
In addition, if a student during educational practice could prove himself well, then such a specialist will have no problems with employment in the future.
Is it worth it to study the specialty "Customs"
Summing up, we can say that this is not the most common profession. At the same time, it cannot be called creative and exciting. This is a difficult monotonous work, which can sometimes be dangerous and corrupt.
Despite the idea of work, it is almost devoid of the romance of high roads. At the same time, work in the specialty "customs" is certainly important. It makes our life safer. It is stable, well paid, in demand and solid.
If a person feels the need to be needed by the country and is not afraid of difficulties, then this is a profession for him.
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