Class: 5
- to bring students to an understanding of the causes of inequality between people, to ensure the assimilation of the concepts of "neighboring community", "inequality", "know";
- continue to develop skills to speak with brief messages, compare (tools, tribal and neighboring communities), establish cause-and-effect relationships, solve historical problems.
Lesson type: combined.
Basic concepts: craft, plow, neighborhood community, inequality, nobility, leader, slave.
Equipment: computer presentation ( Annex 1), cards with the concepts of the lesson, textbook (A.A. Vigasin, G.I. Goder, I.S. Sventsitskaya “History of the Ancient World 5th grade”, M., Enlightenment, 2011), memo “How to solve a historical problem” .
During the classes
I. Organizational moment
II. Introductory speech of the teacher, posing a problematic question
In the last lesson, we were mentally transported by an imaginary time machine ten thousand years ago and ended up in a village of primitive farmers and pastoralists. ( slide 1). What was the name of the group of people living in this village? (tribal community). What is a tribal community?
Approximately 3 thousand years have passed. We are back in this village. ( slide 1). What changed? (Several houses appeared instead of one, the arable land was divided into plots.)
Who do you think lives in the houses? (Individual families). The community now consists of individual families and is called the neighborhood community.
Why is arable land divided into plots of unequal size? (There is inequality in the community.)
Let's solve a historical problem.
“During the archaeological excavations, archaeologists found two burials. In one of them, beads made of precious stones were preserved on the chest of the deceased, and the remains of a golden crown were on his forehead. Next to the body were copper axes and a dagger. Near the wall of the grave stood gold and silver vessels with images of a leopard, a lion, a horse, and an antelope. In another burial there is only a copper axe.
What conclusions about people's lives can be drawn from these data?
(Conclusion: in the neighboring community stood out to know).
Topic of today's lesson: The emergence of inequality and nobility.(slide 2).
Why did people's lives change, why did the tribal community come to be replaced by a neighboring one, inequality appeared and the nobility stood out? ( slide 3).
We must find the answer to this question in today's lesson.
III. Repetition
Let's remember what people did who lived in a tribal community about 10 thousand years ago. (Agriculture, cattle breeding, hunting, fishing, making pottery, cloth clothing). ( slide 4).
- What occupation did agriculture originate from?
- What occupation did cattle breeding originate from?
- Name the three main tools of labor of the most ancient farmers.
- How did the advent of agriculture and pastoralism change people's lives?
Show silently, with gestures:
How did primitive farmers dig up the earth?
How was the harvest?
How were the trees cut down?
We answer silently, with a nod of the head, to the following questions:
- The first animal tamed by man was the horse.
- The first animal tamed by man was the dog.
- Flour was obtained by grinding grains on flat stones (grain graters).
- Weaving was invented by men.
How did the earliest farmers cultivate the land?
(They cut down trees with a stone ax, burned bushes, uprooted stumps, loosened the ground with wooden hoes. Then they threw seeds into the ground. When the harvest ripened, the ears were cut with a sickle.)
Conclusion: cultivating the land was not an easy task and required the efforts of the whole family.
IV. Learning new material
Study questions:
- Development of crafts.
- The invention of the plow.
- The emergence of a neighborhood community.
- Separation of knowledge.
Centuries passed, crafts developed.
What is a craft? (Craft is the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.) ( slide 5).
A student's story about the development of crafts and the emergence of metal processing. ( Slides 6, 7).
Compare two axes. ( Slide 8).
What are the advantages of metal tools over stone ones? (The blade of a copper ax is sharper than a stone one, they cut down a tree three times faster. In addition, a copper ax is heavier than a stone one, so it penetrates deeper into the wood. A copper blade, if it is dull or deteriorated, can be melted down, a stone ax tip, if it was damaged, thrown away.However, copper did not completely replace stone tools, since copper is a soft metal and is rarely found in nature).
Task: compare a hoe and a plow. What tool was easier to work the land? Scientists conducted an experiment and found that with the help of a plow and a horse it was possible to loosen a piece of land 50 times faster.
Make a conclusion: what gave man the invention of the plow and the appearance of copper tools?
Pupils express their opinion, then the conclusion is read from the textbook. (Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals to loosen the earth, the appearance of copper tools, there was no need for the joint work of the entire community in the fields).
Work with the textbook. We read paragraph 3 of paragraph 5.
Task: compare tribal and neighboring communities.
What does it mean to compare? This means finding similarities and differences. Let's find the differences first. ( Slide 10).
Why did the neighbors continue to live in communities? What was common?
Joint work (for example, to dig a pond), protection from enemies, a forest, a pasture, a river in common ownership. ( slide 11).
We have already found out that inequality has appeared in the neighboring community. What is inequality? Inequality is the emergence of rich and poor people.
Could inequality appear in a tribal community?
The story of the teacher about the emergence of inequality and the nobility. ( Slides 12, 13, 14).
V. Consolidation
Now let's answer the question posed at the beginning of the lesson: Why did people's lives change, why did the tribal community come to be replaced by the neighbor's, inequality appeared and the nobility stood out?
Logical chain:
tools have improved > it has become easier to cultivate the land > crops have become more plentiful > there are surpluses > to replace generic community came neighborly , appeared inequality , stood out know . (slide 15).
Let's summarize. What did we learn at the lesson today? What have you learned?
Today at the lesson we learned that a person learned to process metal, invented a plow. The emergence of new tools led to the fact that each family could independently cultivate the land. The tribal community is being replaced by the neighboring one. In the neighboring community, inequality appears and the nobility (leaders and elders) stands out.
We have learned to compare tribal and neighboring communities, to establish the causes of historical events.
VI. Homework
Paragraph 5, retell, answer questions, repeat the section "The life of primitive people" on the questions on page 27. ( slide 16).
VII. Lesson summary
Summing up the lesson, evaluating the work of individual students and the class as a whole, marking.
The emergence of inequality and nobility
Rassadina Irina Alexandrovna ,
teacher of history and social studies,
MBOU Odintsovo secondary school No. 1
1. Development of human occupations
2. Metal processing
3. Definition of the concepts "artisan" and "craft"
4. Definition of the concepts of "inequality" and "know"
5. Isolation of the nobility
7. Literature
The goal is to bring students to an understanding of the causes of inequality between people.
- ensure the assimilation of the concepts of "inequality", "neighborhood community", "know";
- continue the formation of skills to retell the content of the text of the textbook;
- compare and describe tools;
- identify at an elementary level the causes of historical events.
The development of human occupations
getting food depends on the person himself
Agriculture and cattle breeding
a person improves his skills in these activities
masters appear
artisans - craft
Craftsman - a person who is engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.
Craft - the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.
Metal processing
Copper axes
Copper tools
appearance of the plow
development of crafts
neighborhood community
appearance
inequalities
emergence of the state
allocation of nobility
Emphasis of nobility
Conclusion: Man has learned to process metal. Thanks to this, he mastered a new occupation - craft. There has been an improvement new tools. Some people have excess. In society there is inequality. This process indicates the origin states .
The first craft workshops appeared
about 150,000 years ago
They were located in settlements or on the territory where there was a lot of stone suitable for processing.
But complete singling out a craft as an independent activity happened, obviously, when they were invented
Loom
Potter's wheel
Mesopotamia
potter's wheel and loom appeared in the III millennium BC. e.
Egypt
Craft
Advantages of potter's wheel and loom
More short term output
Release more products
Product quality improvement
In the V-IV millennium BC. e.
people learned to melt metal.
It began to be used in the manufacture of tools.
This discovery appears to have happened by accident. Copper nuggets got into the pottery kiln. Under influence high temperature the metal softened and easily changed shape upon impact.
Kiln
copper nugget
Copper products
Made from copper by forging
Axes
Tesla
Daggers
Spear tips
Tableware
Arrowheads
Copper is a fairly soft metal.
She could not find wide application.
The second metal that man learned to smelt was bronze.
Copper
Bronze
Tin
an alloy of copper and tin.
Development of metals
Advantages of bronze over copper
Great hardness
fusibility
Strength
Mesopotamia
The discovery of bronze took place in
III millennium BC. e.
Persian
Bronze metallurgy flourished
for the 2nd millennium BC. e.
Bronze was obtained in large bonfires.
During its manufacture, a layer of ore alternated with a layer of firewood.
bronze products
A wide variety of products were made from bronze:
sickles
Tips
Axes
swords
Coulters
Decorations
Buckles
Tableware
Bronze in hardness could not be compared with flint.
In the Bronze Age, stone tools retained their importance.
The Hittites were the first to learn how to smelt iron around 1800 BC. e.
Hittite kingdom
For a long time, iron was not widely used.
Its melting point is extremely high: 1530℃.
It was impossible to get such a temperature in ancient bonfires.
iron products
From iron learned to forge weapons
swords
Ploughshare
Axes
Arrowheads
Spear tips
Scissors
Coulters
Files
Skobeli
sickles
Iron mastering
With an iron ax, significant tracts of forests could be freed
Plows and plows made of iron made it possible to cultivate the land better
Displacement of stone by iron
Exchange
Livestock development
Craft Development
Development of agriculture
The need for the exchange of manufactured products
there is a need to exchange among themselves the products produced by them: animal skins, wool, meat, grain, utensils, cloth, tools, and so on.
How many axes must be given away to get a sack of grain in return?
First money
Livestock
rare shells
metal ingots
The exchange was the first step
to the emergence of trade
partyarchy
The manufacture of metal tools and weapons, the development of cattle breeding and agriculture were associated with the activities of men.
The gradual loss of women's special position in the family and in society.
Exclusion of women from participation in community meetings.
The transformation of maternal tribal communities into patriarchal ones.
The emergence of inequality
Improvement of tools
Changing the position of an individual in society
More dexterous and stronger worked better and faster
The work of the best workers
was encouraged in the distribution of products
I am the best hunter!
So you deserve more!
The need for joint work by the whole community disappeared.
The farmers have a new order.
The community now consists of large families.
The land, as before, belonged to the entire community. A common pasture for grazing was preserved, and the forest was also common. Members of the community jointly cleared the field for sowing, dug ditches for its irrigation, guarded seedlings.
Pasture
Field
Separate families provided themselves with everything necessary.
In addition, they could accumulate surplus products for exchange.
The emergence of inequality
Creation of individual family exchange products
Obtaining products of labor in excess of what is necessary for an individual family
accumulation of wealth
Property stratification
plight
loss of a breadwinner
well-being
Availability of land
and prosperity
and workers
Emergence of poor and rich families
The tribal community is replaced by the neighboring community.
Now people are united only by economic interests in a certain territory.
The captured people were no longer killed, but turned into slaves.
The use of slave labor became profitable.
One person could produce more products than he needed.
The advent of slavery
Use of slave labor
Land cultivation
Cattle breeding (work as shepherds)
Craft (spinning, weaving)
Slaves could have some things, could have a family.
Per Good work they could get freedom.
Now the leaders began to stand out for their wealth.
They were getting famous.
In connection with the wars, the importance of the military leader increased.
Emergence of the nobility
Tribe management.
Military Leader's Occupations
Food stock management.
Judgment on fellow tribesmen.
Leaders and elders made up the tribal nobility.
They began to transfer their property and positions by inheritance.
slide 1
History of the Ancient World Grade 5
Appearance
inequalities
and know.
slide 2
Homework:
Prepare to control work(paragraphs 1-5) Learn concepts in a notebook
slide 3
test yourself
From what occupation did cattle breeding originate? From cattle breeding; 3. From gathering; From beekeeping; 4. From hunting. What is the name of an ancient tool made of bone or wood, used to cut (compress) plants? Hoe; 3. sickle; Axe; 4. Harpoon.
slide 4
test yourself
Who was engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products? Hunter; farmer; Artisan; Weaver. From what occupation did agriculture originate? From cattle breeding; 3. From gathering; From beekeeping; 4. From hunting. A wooden stick with a knot at the end, used for cultivating the land, is the Hoe; 3. Rake; Sickle; 4. Spit.
slide 5
Plan:
1. Development of crafts. 2. The invention of the plow. 3. Each family has its own household. 4. Highlighting the nobility.
slide 6
Craft development.
Ancient people mastered quite complex technologies for that level - spinning, weaving, grinding and drilling. About nine thousand years ago, a new craft appeared in Western Asia - metalworking. Copper was the first metal from which people learned to make tools.
Slide 7
Without being distracted by other activities, the artisan was engaged in either pottery, or metalworking, or some other. Thus, the craft gradually separated from agriculture and cattle breeding. Craftsman now traded his crafts for food Agriculture. Craftsmen settled in cities, and farmers and pastoralists settled in villages. So between the city and the countryside, agricultural. workers and artisans were exchanged.
Slide 8
Artisan
Craft
a person who is professionally engaged in the manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.
manufacture of vessels, tools, fabrics or other products.
Slide 9
The invention of the plow.
The invention of the wooden plow marked the beginning of plow agriculture. Thanks to the invention of the plow, the use of animals to loosen the earth, the appearance of copper tools, there was no need for the joint work of the entire community in the fields.
Slide 10
Each family has its own household.
Now each family could manage its own household, which inevitably led to the disintegration of tribal communities. Livestock, tools, housing become the property of a separate family. Relationships have been replaced by neighborhood relationships. A neighborhood community has developed.
slide 11
Separation of knowledge.
But all families are different: the more skillful collected more harvest and increased the number of livestock. Some families could become prosperous over time. Inequality arose within the tribes: some were noble, while others were not; some were richer and others poorer.
slide 12
Inequality - the emergence of rich and poor people
Slide 14
The state is such an organization of society in which there is a border, power, laws and tax collection.
slide 15
Find concepts in the textbook and write them out in a notebook: Leader, nobility, sanctuaries, king.
slide 16
Connect the terms and their definitions.
Slide 17
Test yourself:
Tribal community Neighbor community Tribe Leader Inequality Religion
Belief in supernatural beings. The head of the warriors of the tribe. Association of several genera. The collective of relatives, who lived and worked together, had common property. A community where families were connected not by kinship, but by neighborly relations. Separation of rich and poor people.
Slide 18
Match events and dates. Choose the corresponding number for each letter.slide 21
Establish a correspondence between definitions and concepts. Match each letter with the corresponding number.
Definitions Concepts
A) the ruler of a state B) transfer of power from father to son; B) head of the tribe D) member of the tribe. 1) leader; 2) tribesman; 3) inheritance; 4) king; 5) know.
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