What is a target in a thermal chamber. Thermal camera devices. A special direction should be allocated to work on the development of design documentation for laying external heating networks, designing

Purpose

Product advantage

Design

Variety

Dimensions

Characteristics

materials

How to choose

Transportation

Storage

Quality control, warranty and service life

Installation

Main characteristics

Design features

We produce and offer products:

Thermal network chambers

Thermal network cameras are arranged along the route for the installation of heat pipeline equipment (valves, stuffing box compensators, drainage and air devices, instrumentation, etc.), requiring constant inspection and maintenance during operation. In addition, branches to consumers and fixed supports are usually arranged in chambers. Transitions of pipes of one diameter to pipes of another diameter must also be located within the chambers. All cameras (branch nodes) installed along the route of the heating network are assigned operational numbers, which they are designated on plans, diagrams and piezometric graphs. The equipment placed in the chambers must be accessible for maintenance, which is achieved by ensuring sufficient distances between the equipment and the walls of the chambers. The clear height of the chambers is chosen at least 1.8-2 m. The internal dimensions of the chambers depend on the number and diameter of pipes to be laid, the dimensions of the installed equipment and the minimum distances between building structures and equipment.

Until now, a significant number of chambers are built of brick, as well as monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete, which leads to an increase in labor costs and terms for the construction of heating networks. The walls of the chambers are erected from well-burned red brick of a grade of at least 100 on a mortar of grade 50 or from concrete M 150. In the construction of chambers from monolithic reinforced concrete, concrete M 200 and welded fittings made using contact and spot welding are used. Openings are left in the end walls for the passage of heat pipes into the chamber. The location and dimensions of the openings depend on the diameter of the pipes and the type of channel.

The floors in the chambers are made of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs or made monolithic (concrete or reinforced concrete). Precast concrete slabs are laid on a carefully leveled and compacted preparation of crushed stone 50 mm thick. When constructing a monolithic floor, concrete with a layer of 100 mm is laid on crushed stone preparation with a thickness of 50 mm.

In one of the corners of the floor of the chamber for collecting water, there is a pit with a size of at least 400X400 mm and a depth of at least 300 mm, covered from above with a removable grate. To ensure the flow of water, the bottom of the chamber is made with a slope of at least 0.02 towards the pit, which, for the convenience of pumping water from the chamber, is located under one of the hatches. From the pits of the chambers located at the lower points of the route, gravity water is drained into waste wells, and from the pits of other chambers, water is discharged by mobile pumps or directly by gravity into the sewerage system.

The ceiling of the chambers can be monolithic or from prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs laid on reinforced concrete or metal beams. For the device of hatches in the corners of the floor, plates with holes are laid. In monolithic ceilings, holes are made during concreting. In accordance with the safety rules during operation, the number of hatches for the chambers is provided for at least two with an internal area of the chambers up to 6 m2 and at least four with an internal area of \u200b\u200bthe chambers of 6 m2 or more. The diameters of the entrance and emergency hatches are taken to be at least 0.63 m. The neck of the manhole under the hatch is made cylindrical in shape with a diameter of 700 mm to a depth of not more than 1 m; at a greater depth, the manhole should be provided for expanding downwards. To descend into the chamber of the attendants, brackets are installed under the hatch, arranged in a checkerboard pattern with a height step of not more than 400 mm, or stairs. If the dimensions of the chamber equipment exceed the dimensions of the access hatches, it is necessary to provide mounting openings, the width of which is taken to be at least the largest size of the fittings, equipment or pipe diameter plus 0.1 m (but not less than 0.7 m).

Figure 4 - Prefabricated reinforced concrete chamber from rectangular and corner blocks: 1 - wall block with a hole; 2 - wall block without a hole; loop releases; 4 - a joint made of concrete M300.

Recently, in the practice of building heat networks, more industrial chambers made of prefabricated reinforced concrete have become widespread. The installation of such cameras takes less time and reduces labor costs. Prefabricated structures of rectangular chambers with walls made of vertical blocks are also used, which are of two types: solid and with rectangular holes for passing heat pipes. Corner wall block in cross section has the shape of a corner. For connection of blocks loop releases of fittings are provided. Floor slabs are rectangular in shape with holes for hatches. Such a design can perceive significant horizontal forces transmitted by fixed supports of heat pipes when they are placed both in the walls and inside the chambers.

Mosinzhproekt has developed unified chambers made of prefabricated reinforced concrete vibro-rolled panels. The chambers are constructed from separate three-dimensional elements assembled at the factory from rectangular reinforced concrete slabs. Between two adjacent volumetric elements, a fixed support made of monolithic reinforced concrete can be installed (Fig. 2.42). During the construction of heating networks of small diameter, the chambers can be made of round prefabricated reinforced concrete rings. Round floor slabs have two openings for inspection hatches. It should be noted that standard prefabricated chambers developed by various organizations and used in the construction of heat networks have significant design and technological shortcomings, since it is difficult to foresee all possible options for heat pipeline assemblies.

On main heat networks with a diameter of 500 mm or more, sectional valves with an electric drive are installed, as a rule, in chambers, above which above-ground structures are built in the form of pavilions. In order to exclude corrosion of the starting equipment installed in the pavilion from exposure to moist air, it is advisable to isolate the chamber with the pavilion from these channels, while attaching the exhaust shaft from the channels to the wall of the pavilion. For the production of repair work in the pavilions, lifting equipment is provided. To protect the chambers from the penetration of groundwater, the device of their waterproofing protection is important. The outer surfaces of the bottom and walls of the chambers, in the presence of a high level of groundwater, even with associated drainage, are covered with pasted waterproofing from bituminous rolled materials, the number of layers of which is established by the project. In conditions of increased requirements for water tightness, in addition to external pasting waterproofing, additional plaster cement-sand waterproofing of the inner surface is used, applied for large volumes of work by shotcrete.

The heat chamber UT1 is considered in more detail in the graphic part.

A thermal chamber is a prefabricated reinforced concrete structure designed to ensure the operation of engineering communications underground, namely water supply, heat pipelines, gas pipelines and sewerage. Most often, thermal cameras are used for the operation of heating networks. These reinforced concrete products are produced on the basis of series 3.903 class 13 issue 1-5 for chambers up to 2.6 m in size inclusive and on the basis of series 3.903 class 13 issue 1-3 for chambers from 3.0 m in size inclusive. Are common technical requirements for thermal cameras must comply with GOST 13015-2003. Also, thermal cameras must comply with SNiP 2-21-75, SNiP 2-36-73 and SNiP 3-16-79. The thermal chamber has another name - the heating chamber.

Thermal cameras perform the following tasks:

protection of nodes of various engineering networks;
protection of the shutoff valve complex;
protection of compensation devices of thermal networks;
protection of drainage devices of engineering networks;
protection of other elements of various pipelines requiring this protection.

Thermal cameras provide protection against:

vibrations;
soil;
adverse environmental factors;
ground or melt water.

Thermal chambers (heating chambers) have increased strength compared to other reinforced concrete products. This strength is achieved through the use of high quality carbon or low alloy steel reinforcement. Also, thermal chambers, unlike other reinforced concrete products, have increased waterproofing.

The range of thermal cameras is diverse and depends on specifications(TU) manufacturing plants. Most often, thermal cameras are produced in the following types:

chambers 1.8*1.8*2.0; 2.6 * 2.6 * 2.0 based on Series 3.903 class 13 issue 1-5;
chambers 3.0*3.0*2.0; 4.0*4.0*2.0; 4.0 * 5.5 * 2.0 based on Series 3.903 class 13 issue 1-3.

There are also other sizes of thermal chambers provided for by series 3.903 class 13. The thermal chamber is a composite structure. The number of elements in thermal chambers are given in table No. 1.

Table 1.

Where VBK is the upper block of the chamber, SBC is the middle block of the chamber, SPK is the middle panel of the chamber, NBK is the lower block of the chamber. By design, the thermal chamber is a hollow reinforced concrete rectangular parallelepiped, in a particular case - a cube.

Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 show elements of thermal chambers.

In places where pipes pass in the chambers, monolithic sections are installed. Reinforcement of these sections occurs on the basis of series 9.903 KL 13 issue 0-1.

Thermal cameras consist of elements (blocks). Blocks can be with or without holes. There may also be differences in the number of holes. Differences between elements can be as follows:

the upper block of the thermal chamber (VBK) may have one, two, four openings or none;
the middle block of the thermal chamber (SBC) may have one, two holes or none;
the upper plate of the thermal chamber (VPK) may have one, two holes or not;

The shape of the holes for VBK and VPK can be round or square. The shape of the holes for SBC is rectangular or square.

The dimensions of the thermal chambers appear in the name of the products in the following order: length, width and height. Based on the series 3.903 cl 13 issue 1-5, thermal chambers are produced with the following dimensions:

1.8*1.8*2.0 m.p.;
1.8*1.8*4.0m.p.;
2.6*2.6*2.0 m.p.;
2.6*2.6*4.0 m.p.

Based on the series 3.903 cl 13 issue 1-3, thermal chambers are produced with the following dimensions:

3.0*3.0*2.0 m.p.;
3.0*3.0*3.4 m.p.;
4.0*4.0*2.0 m.p.;
4.0*4.0*4.0 m.p.;
2.5*4.0*2.0m.p.;
2.5*4.0*4.0 m.p.;
4.0*5.5*2.0 m.p.;
4.0*5.5*4.0 m.p.;
4.0*7.0*2.0 m.p.;
4.0*7.0*4.0 m.p.;
5.5*5.5*2.0 m.p.;
5.5*7.0*2.0m.p.

Also, thermal cameras can be produced according to drawings on the basis of specifications (technical specifications) of manufacturing plants.

The general characteristics of thermal chambers must comply with GOST 13015-2003. Below are the main features:

dimensions (design and limit);
ranges of design values of loads;
types of finishes;
concrete structure;
class of concrete in terms of compressive strength;
release strength of concrete;
the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement and the maximum deviations from it;
classes and brands of fittings.

The characteristics of the concrete used in the manufacture of thermal chambers must comply with GOST 4795-68 in accordance with series 3.903 class 13. GOST 4795-68 for this moment outdated and replaced by GOST 26633-2012 "Heavy and fine-grained concrete". Thermal chambers have increased strength due to the use of fittings made of high-quality carbon or low-alloy steel. To protect against ground and melt water, thermal chambers are waterproofed in accordance with SN 301-65 and SNiP 2-28-73.

Concrete used for the production of thermal chambers must correspond to GOST 26633-2012, with a strength of at least 300, waterproof W 4, frost resistance F 150. In the production of embedded parts, M1-M5 and installation elements of MM1-mm9 uses structural carbon-quality steel of various degrees of layout according to GOST 380-200 5. The fittings used in thermal chambers must comply with GOST 5781-82 class A1 from carbon steel ordinary quality according to GOST 380-2005, A2 and A3 from low-alloy and carbon steel. Also, in the production of channels, the use of reinforcing wire GOST 6727-80 class B1 is allowed.

In accordance with SNiP 41-02-2003, the number of hatches for thermal chambers should be at least two. From the pits of the chambers at the lower points, gravity drainage of random waters into waste wells and the installation of shut-off valves at the entrance of the gravity pipeline to the well should be provided. Water drainage from the pits of other chambers (not at the lower points) should be provided by mobile pumps or directly by gravity into the sewerage system with a device on the gravity pipeline of the water seal, and if the water can be reversed, additional shut-off valves.

Thermal chambers are characterized by size. The size of the thermal chamber is provided by the project. Also, if necessary, the project provides for reinforced reinforcement of these reinforced concrete products.

Transportation of thermal cameras must comply with clause 8 of GOST 13015-2003. During transportation, precautions must be taken to prevent damage to the products. During loading and unloading operations it is prohibited:

unload products with free fall;
move products by dragging, without rollers and gaskets.

Lifting, loading and unloading must be done by lifting machines using traverses and slings. The order of stacking thermal chambers on the transported platform must ensure uniform distribution of the load relative to the axis of symmetry and the axes of the wheels vehicle. Thermal cameras can be oversized cargo, i.e. have a length and width of more than 2.4 meters. Transportation of products must be carried out taking into account the possibility of their installation directly from the vehicle. The gaps between the product and the sides of the vehicle should not be less than 150 mm.

Thermal cameras are stored in special areas, sorted by brands and types. The site must be level and have a slight slope for drainage. Products on the sites are stored in such a way that each individual product can be identified and captured. The dimensions of the aisles and passages between the stacks must comply with SNiP 12-03.

The quality control of thermal chambers should be carried out by the Technical Control Department (QCD) in accordance with section 6 of GOST 13015-2003. Acceptance of thermal chambers is carried out in batches. One batch includes thermal cameras of the same type, produced within a day. In case of irregular production of these products, it is allowed to include thermal chambers produced within a week in one batch. Cameras are accepted based on the following documented results:

input control of raw materials;
operational control performed during the production process;
acceptance control of reinforcing and embedded products;
periodic testing of applied concrete and finished products;
acceptance testing of batches of concrete and batches of finished products.

The warranty for products and the service life must be specified in the certificates and quality certificates provided by the manufacturers.

On the basis of SNiP 3.05.03.85, thermal chambers are installed in accordance with SNiP 3-16-80, SNiP 3-15-76. Enlargement assembly of thermal chambers should be carried out on special stands. By the beginning of the installation, the strength of the solution in the joints must be at least the strength of the concrete used in the manufacture of structures. During installation, constant geodetic support should be carried out. The results of geodetic control after the final fixing of the structures of individual sections and tiers should be drawn up as an executive scheme. Installation of cameras must begin with a spatially stable element. When lifting and slinging, the following rules must be observed:

when slinging with steel ropes, inventory linings should be installed under them to avoid damage to concrete and rope;
when lifting, load gripping devices should be used to ensure uniform transfer of loads to the structures and slings being lifted;
slinging should be done with inventory slings or special gripping devices with semi-automatic devices for remote slinging.

Lifting of structures should be carried out smoothly, without jerks, swinging and rotation of the elements being lifted, as a rule, using braces. For braces, hemp (according to GOST 483-75) or nylon (according to GOST 10293-77) ropes with a diameter of 19-24 mm should be used. It is forbidden to move structures by pulling. Installation of structures in the design position should be carried out according to the accepted guidelines (risks, pins, stops, edges, etc.). Structures with special mortgages or other fixing devices are installed on these devices. The slinging of the structures installed in place is allowed only after they are securely fastened with permanent or temporary connections. Temporary fastening of installed structures must ensure their stability and invariability of position until permanent fastening is performed. Prior to the permanent fastening of structures, the compliance of their location with the design one and the readiness of the assembly interfaces for welding and sealing of joints must be checked, the results of the check are recorded in the installation log.

Type album Series 3.903 KL-13 includes a variety of options for the device of prefabricated thermal chambers, which have become commonplace for any settlements with central heating and a gas pipeline. Several editions of the type series include chambers made of cast box blocks and prefabricated panels and slabs. The choice of option is based on the required dimensions of the thermal chamber (the most popular thermal chambers are 2.5x2.5 m 3x3 meters) and ease of transportation. With Complex-S, you do not need to worry about the transportation of oversized concrete products, our drivers have been delivering blocks of thermal stones VBK, SBK, NBK for more than 14 years.

A thermal reinforced concrete chamber is an underground room, which can be located at a depth of 0.3 to 4 meters, both under the roadway and on pedestrian and free areas. Inside the heat chamber made of prepared reinforced concrete, equipment and heat pipeline units (gate valves, compensators, transitions), drain equipment, etc. are hidden. The space and accessibility of heat chambers should provide easy access for maintenance and repair of equipment, draining systems. A specific microclimate is created inside the chambers, which is caused by heat and humidity. Therefore, concrete blocks must be substantially protected at the production stage. For this, prepared compositions of heavy concrete M300 are used (in terms of compressive strength of at least B22.5), which are supplemented with additives. With significant water resistance (from W4) and frost resistance F150. Technologists of the leading reinforced concrete structures are trying to form a reliable hydrophobic and anti-corrosion protection of thermal chambers and embedded products. All blocks and panels have solid reinforcement with welded meshes and frames, as they are designed for wheel loads H-30, H-80. To withstand heavy loads, thermal reinforced concrete chambers are reinforced with welded meshes and frames at various levels. You can quickly view the working drawings in our "Reinforced Concrete Products Directory" or quickly download Series 3.903 KL-13 in the section of the site "GOSTs and SNiPs"

By design, blocks of the 3.903 KL-13 series can be conditionally divided into cast box-shaped and prefabricated (wall panels, foundation blocks of thermal chambers (bottoms), beams and floor slabs). It is easier to work with cast blocks, which are factory made in the form of a glass and insulated at the joints, and box structures are also completely ready for quick installation. But prefabricated panels allow you to assemble thermal underground chambers of arbitrary sizes.

Composite chambers are mounted from constituent parts according to the working drawings of the series 3.903 KL-13:

PS - wall panels of thermal chambers with or without a hole (round or square holes)
F - foundation blocks of a special shape for pinching wall panels and better insulation of joints.
P - floor slabs of thermal chambers with holes in the amount from 1 to 4
B - reinforced concrete beams

In our company you can buy any reinforced concrete structures for the construction of heating mains: trays of heating mains, impassable channels, well rings, thermal chambers. Delivery of reinforced concrete products is carried out throughout Russia, experienced drivers will quickly and carefully deliver elements of heating mains to your facility or warehouse. Also in the company "Complex-S" you can order blocks of heating mains of an individual design, which will be produced according to your order.

Structures on the route of heat pipelines for the installation of equipment that requires post, inspection and maintenance during operation. Valves, stuffing box compensators, drainage and air devices are located in the chambers of heating networks, control and measure. instruments and other equipment. In addition, they usually install branches to consumers and fixed supports. Transitions of pipes of one diameter to pipes of other diameters must also be within the limits of K.t.s. To all K.t.s, installed. along the route of the heating network. numbers, to-rymi they are designated on the plans, diagrams and piezometric. charts. The equipment placed in the chambers must be up to the wall for maintenance, which is achieved by ensuring sufficient distances between the equipment and the walls of the heating network chambers. Height K.t.s. choose at least 1.8-2 m. Their ext. the dimensions depend on the number and diameter of the pipes to be laid, the dimensions of the installed equipment and imaginary ones. distances between builds, structures and equipment. K.t.s. built of brick, monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete. Openings are left in the end walls for the passage of heat pipes. Floors in K.t.s. made from prefabricated reinforced concrete. slabs or monolithic. For water runoff, the bottom is made with a slope of at least 0.02 towards the receiver, which, for the convenience of pumping water from the K.t.s. located under one of the drains. The ceiling can be monolithic or prefabricated reinforced concrete. slabs, lay. for reinforced concrete. or metallic. beams. For the installation of hatches, slabs with holes are laid in the corners of the ceiling. provided for at least two at vnutr. chamber area up to 6 m and at least four with an area of more than 6 m2. For the descent of service personnel, brackets are installed under the hatch, arranged in a checkerboard pattern with a height step of not more than 400 mm, or ladders. If the dimensions of the equipment exceed the dimensions of the access hatches, installation openings are provided, the width of which is equal to the largest size of the fittings, equipment or pipe diameter plus 0.1 m (but not less than 0.7 m). Industrial chambers of thermal networks made of prefabricated reinforced concrete are widespread, the installation of which takes less time and reduces labor costs.

Prefabricated structures of rectangular K.t.s. are also used. with vertical walls. blocks, to-rye are of two types: solid and with rectangular holes for passing heat pipes. When building heating networks of small diameter K.t.s. can be made from round reinforced concrete. rings. Round floor slabs have two openings for inspection hatches.

On the master, thermal networks with a diameter of 500 mm or more, sectional valves with an electric drive are installed, as a rule, in K.t.s, over which above-ground structures in the form of pavilions are built on. Dm repair work in the pavilions provide for lifting equipment. For waterproofing. protection outer surfaces of the bottom and walls K.t.s. in the presence of a high level of groundwater, despite the existing associated drainage, cover

pasting waterproofing from bituminous

roll materials in several layers,

what is defined by the project. In conditions

increase waterproof requirements

bridges, except for the outer pasting

waterproofing is used additionally.

plaster cement-sand waterproofing vnutr. surface applied for large volumes of work by gunning.

Are used in thermal, sewer and water networks. Usually they are in demand in underground utilities. In the production of structures, heavy ones are used - non-reinforced and reinforced. The purpose of the TC is to protect the joints of pipelines from corrosion, protect and maintain pipeline fittings (gate valves, drain and air valves), stuffing box compensators, drainage devices.

Typically, a chamber for heating networks is a buried monolithic or prefabricated structure, several concrete elements are included in the device of prefabricated structures:

the upper part is an inverted glass with a hole;
middle - ring;
the lower one is a glass made of reinforced concrete.

Such reinforced concrete structures, located at a shallow depth, are reliably waterproofed with a metal isolator or hydroisol, which provides reliable protection against the effects of ground, storm, and melt water.

Waterproofing materials are characterized by mechanical strength, elasticity and heat resistance. The dimensions of typical chambers for heating networks, wall panels, foundation blocks, floor slabs are regulated by series 3.903 KL-13. The dimensions of structures and their structural elements are chosen in such a way as to conveniently and safely maintain thermal mechanical equipment.

In addition to structures made of rectangular links, reinforced concrete rings with an internal diameter of 1.5-2.0 m can be used for the construction of a shopping mall. The structure includes three types of components: rings without holes and with holes for passing pipes, floor slabs. External surfaces are insulated with hot bitumen.

IN thermal camera can be accessed through special hatches. Their number in rectangular structures depends on the internal area:

up to 6 m 2 - at least two;
more than 6 m 2 - at least four.

A ladder is mounted under each hatch, designed for convenient descent of personnel. Hatches are often equipped with locks to prevent unauthorized entry. The bottom of the chamber is inclined to one of the corners, not less than 200 mm. In this corner, a pit is placed to collect water. To prevent flooding during emergency situations, especially when servicing large diameter pipelines, drain drainage is provided, which is brought out of the shopping center.

In the chamber of thermal and other engineering networks, the following is usually installed:

gate valves on the direct and return pipes;
fittings for manometers and manometers;
fittings for thermometers.

The bottom is a soil base, in structures of a large area it is made of reinforced concrete beams.

Thermal cameras - an important part engineering networks, which serves to maintain and protect nodes underground utilities at various temperatures and environmental humidity.

1,8*1,8*2,0

2,6*2,6*2,0

3,0*3,0*2,0

4,0*4,0*2,0

4,0*5,5*2,0