Routing №
for the development and filling of the trench
Technical map for trench development
- APPLICATION AREA
- The technological map has been developed for digging trenches with single-bucket excavators using major renovation main gas pipeline.
- Trench digging is carried out using single-bucket excavators of the Hitachi ZX-200LC-5G type.”
1.3. The works covered by the map include:
- installation of excavators in the face, excavation of soil with placement in a dump;
- cleaning the bucket, moving the excavator during operation.
2.1. In the security zone of existing main gas pipelines, excavation work should only be carried out upon receipt of a written “Permit to carry out work in the security zone of the main pipeline” from the operating organization. Carrying out work without a permit or with a permit that has expired is prohibited!
Without marking existing pipelines in the work area with additional signs, maintaining construction work not allowed.
At the intersections of pipelines, install “Boundary of manual excavation” markers (5 meter increments). When performing work, you should be guided by the requirements set out in the following regulatory documents:
- SP 36.13330.2012 Main pipelines;
- SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for production and acceptance of work.
- SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction;
- VSN 004 -88 Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization.
- STO Gazprom 2-2.3-231-2008 “Rules for the performance of work during major repairs of the inline part of main gas pipelines”;
- “Safety rules for the operation of main oil pipelines”;
- “Safety rules for the operation of main oil pipelines.”
2.2. Before starting work, the following work must be completed:
- carried out preparatory work(removal of fertile soil layer or clearing of forest vegetation from the route);
- the trench axis was broken and fixed on the ground;
- The excavator was delivered to the work site.
- To develop a trench with an excavator while moving the excavator's axle and along the edge of the trench.
2.4 The soil removed from the trench is placed in a dump on one side no closer than 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.
- The trench is developed using single-bucket excavators of the Hitachi ZX-200LC-5G type, and is opened on both sides below the forming pipe, at least 1 m.
- A trench in rocky soils is developed as follows:
– preliminary loosening with a heavy bulldozer type Komatsu 353 with a ripper;
– soil development using a Hitachi ZX-200LC-5G hydraulic excavator equipped with a bucket for developing rocky soils.
- The transverse profile and dimensions of the trench being developed are shown in the figure. To avoid damage to the pipeline, the minimum distance between the pipe wall and the bucket of a working excavator must be at least 0.2 m.
- When operating a single-bucket excavator on straight sections along the direction of its movement, install poles 3 m high every 50-80 m, and pegs between them every 5 m. In curved areas, within a curve, along the width of the tracks or along the width of the trench, pegs should be installed on both sides every 2-5 m.
- The width of the trench along the bottom in straight sections is
where D is the diameter of the pipeline; K is the size of the bucket, in curved sections where pipelines are installed from bent bends, the width of the trench should be equal to twice the width of the trench in straight sections, in sections of pipeline ballasting - 2.2 DN.
The steepness of the trench slopes is given in Table No. 1. Table 1
Note. When layering various types soil slope steepness for all layers is assigned according to the weakest type of soil.
- The soil placement diagram is presented in the work organization diagram.
- When carrying out work in water-saturated soils of the pipeline, you should start from low places for draining and pumping out water.
- Digging a trench is performed by a 6th grade excavator driver and a 5th grade assistant driver. The development of the trench is carried out in the following composition:
Team composition:
table 2
| No. p / p | Profession | Discharge | Number of people | Note |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1 | Excavator driver | 6 | 3 | |
| 2 | Bulldozer driver | 5 | 1 | |
| 3 | DES-75 driver | 5 | 1 | |
| 4 | Undermining machine operator | 5 | 1 | When removing soil from under the pipe body when developing a trench |
| 5 | support worker | 3 | 3 | When powdering the bottom of the trench |
| TOTAL: | 9 |
The need for mechanisms, equipment and devices is shown in Table 3. Table 3
3.1. Quality control when digging trenches is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the following regulatory documents:
– SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, bases and foundations;
– SP 36.13330.2012 Main pipelines;
- VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of work. Part I, P.
Operational quality control is carried out directly by performers, foremen, foremen or special inspectors (surveyors).
Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given in Table 4.
Table 4
| Name of processes subject to control | Subject of control | Control tool | Control time | Responsible controller | |
| Layout of the trench axis | Deviation of the alignment axis from the design one | Theodolite | Before the beginning | Surveyor | The deviation of the actual trench axis from the design one should be no more than 50 mm per 1 km of track |
| Digging a trench | Bottom trench width | Measuring tape, theodolite, template | Periodically | Surveyor Master | Permissible deviation of half the width of the trench in relation to the alignment axis: 20 cm -5 cm |
| Trench depth | Measuring rod | Same | Master | Compliance with the project | |
| Marking the bottom of the trench in straight sections | Level | Periodically (after 50 m) | Master Surveyor | Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one: – 10 cm | |
| Marking the bottom of the trench on the vertical curves | Level | Periodically (after 10 m) | Surveyor Master | Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one |
| elastic bending | -10cm | ||||
| Bottom mark trenches on vertical forced |
Level | Periodically (after 2 m) | Master Surveyor | Acceptable deviation of the actual trench bottom marks from design |
|
| Slope steepness | Templates | Selectively | Master | Compliance with the project | |
| Condition of the trench bottom | Visually | Selectively | Master | A smooth surface of the trench bottom without ridges or collapsed pound. |
- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
4.1. When digging a trench, you must follow the safety rules
sti set out in the following regulatory documents:
- SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
- SNiP 12-04-2002 Labor safety in construction; Part 2 Construction production;
- RD 102-011-89. Occupational Safety and Health. Organizational and methodological documents;
Safety regulations for the construction of main steel pipelines (VNIIST, Ministry of Neftegazstroy) Collection of instructions and safety recommendations for builders of oil and gas industry facilities.
- Digging a trench near the location of underground utilities should be carried out only after obtaining written permission from the organization operating these communications.
- Near the existing underground utilities, the development of soil by mechanisms should be stopped at a distance of at least two meters from the underground utilities, and in the immediate vicinity (0.5) it is allowed to develop the soil only with a shovel without the use of impact tools (crowbar, pick, pneumatic tools, etc.)
- For the descent and ascent of workers into the trench, it is necessary to use inventory ladders.
- To avoid collapse of the trench walls, the edge of the soil dump should be located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.
- The personnel servicing the machine must study it well, have a certificate for the right to drive, regularly inspect, timely troubleshoot, and perform preventive repairs.
- It is forbidden for unauthorized persons who are not directly related to its work to be on a working machine.
- In order to avoid damage to existing power lines during the construction process, security zones are installed on both sides of the outermost wires according to the table
Table 5
The operation of machines in the security zone of power lines is permitted when the voltage is completely removed. The driver must be issued a work permit, issued accordingly.
4.10 Boundaries of areas where there is a risk of injury electric shock, regulate those presented in table. 5 distances from non-shielded non-insulated parts of the electrical installation (electrical equipment, cable, wire) or from the vertical plane formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest live overhead power line wire.
Table 6
4.11 The movement of construction machines and mechanisms under power lines is permissible only if the machine has a height from the road or ground mark of not more than 5.0 meters when moving on roads and 3.5 meters when moving on grader country roads and without roads.
- During breaks in work (regardless of the reasons and duration), move the excavator boom away from the face, and lower the bucket to the ground. The bucket can only be cleaned after lowering it to the ground and setting the brake.
- It is forbidden to be in the danger zone of a working excavator, equal to the maximum reach of the bucket plus 5.0 meters.
- When moving the excavator under its own power, the bucket must be raised to a height of no more than 0.7 meters above ground level and securely fastened against swinging, and the boom must be installed and fixed along the axis of the excavator.
- The work of earth-moving mechanisms on terrain with a transverse slope of more than 8 ° is prohibited.
- On longitudinal slopes up to 22° inclusive, operation of a single-bucket excavator is allowed without anchoring; on longitudinal slopes up to 22° inclusive, digging trenches with a single-bucket excavator is allowed in the direction both from bottom to top and from top to bottom along the slope; on slopes of more than 22° - from top to bottom.
On slopes greater than 22°, excavators should be supported by movable anchors.
4.17. When working on a digging machine, before starting work, the driver must
believe:
- technical condition of the machine;
- availability and serviceability of anti- fire safety;
- power cable for external damage;
– grounding of a mobile power station.
…………….
Technological map for backfilling a trench
- APPLICATION AREA
1.1. The technological map has been developed for backfilling a majorly repaired main gas pipeline.
- The technological map assumes filling the trench with non-frozen soils of natural moisture and moving them over a distance of up to 5.0 m with a bulldozer and excavator.
- The work is carried out in the summer in one day shift lasting 8 hours in flat and slightly rough terrain.
- The works covered by the map include:
- bringing the excavator into working position;
- Sprinkling the gas pipeline with soft soil;
- bringing the bulldozer into working position;
- moving soil with filling the trench;
- compaction (tamping) of soil with a dozer;
- returning the bulldozer to its original position when empty;
- ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION
- 1. Backfilling of the gas pipeline should be carried out in accordance with the requirements:
- STO Gazprom 2-2.1-249-2008 “Main gas pipelines”;
- SP 48.13330.2011. Organization of construction;
- SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for production and acceptance of work;
- VSN004-88. Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization of work;
- VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines.
2.2 Before starting work on backfilling a trench with a laid pipeline, it is necessary to:
- check the design position of the pipeline;
- check the integrity of the insulating coating;
- carry out work to protect the insulating coating from mechanical damage;
- obtain written permission from the customer to backfill the laid pipeline and a work order for the work.
- The pipeline is backfilled immediately after the insulation and laying work.
First, the gas pipeline is filled with an excavator, then the pipeline is backfilled with a bulldozer along the entire length of the route. If the construction strip is wide enough, the soil from the dump is moved by a bulldozer across the trench axis in straight passes. In cramped conditions of a construction strip, it is advisable to move the soil with a bulldozer at an angle of 45°-60° to the axis of the trench using oblique transverse and oblique cross passages.
The most effective is a combined method of backfilling, which involves a double pass of a bulldozer: at the beginning an oblique transverse one, and then a straight transverse one.
The flow diagram for backfilling the laid pipeline is shown in Fig. 1.
- In curved sections, backfilling begins from the middle of the curve towards its ends.
- In areas with vertical curves (in ravines, gullies, on hills, etc.), backfilling should be done from both sides from top to bottom.
- Excess soil remaining after backfilling the pipeline is leveled in the form of a trapezoidal bead with an overlap of at least 0.5 meters in each direction from the edge of the trench.
- Throughout the entire length of the trench, backfilling is carried out in layers of 40-50 cm with thorough compaction of the soil with rollers or several passes of a bulldozer.
- Where the trench intersects with underground utilities, backfilling should be done with soft soil in layers of no more than 10 cm, carefully compacting the soil.
- The filling of the trench with a bulldozer is performed by a 6th category driver.
- In order to protect the insulating coating of the pipeline, it is necessary to sprinkle it to a height of at least 0.2 m from the top of the pipe with imported or soft soil loosened mechanically.
- REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK
3.1 Technological operational quality control of backfilling a pipeline laid in a trench is carried out during the work process and consists of systematic monitoring of the compliance of the work performed with the detailed design and compliance with the requirements of current regulatory documents:
- SP 36.13330.2012. Main pipelines;
- SP 48.13330.2011 Organization of construction;
- SNiP 3.02.01-87. Earthworks, bases and foundations;
- SP 86.13330.2014 Main pipelines. Rules for production and acceptance of work;
- VSN 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of work;
- SP 104-34-96. Set of rules for the construction of main gas pipelines. Production earthworks.
3.2 Operational quality control of trench backfilling should include:
- quality control of backfilled soil;
- checking the thickness of the backfilled layer and the height of the roller.
3.3 During the performance of work by the customer’s representative and the work manufacturer in
In accordance with the requirements of VSN 012-88 (Part II), an act for backfilling (embanking) the laid pipeline is drawn up in form No. 3.6.
Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given in Table 1.
Table 1
| Name processes, subject to control |
Subject of control | Tool and control |
Control time | Responsible Controller | Technical criteria for quality assessment |
| Backfill | Soil and backfill quality | Visually | Periodically (after 50.0 m) | Master | Unacceptable: the presence of voids under the pipeline and in the cavities of the backfilled trench, the presence of lumps larger than 5.0 cm in size, crushed stone, coarse gravel and other large inclusions in the backfilled pound |
| Thickness of the backfilled layer and height of the roller | Visually Measuring ruler Measuring probe | Periodically (after 50.0 m) | Master | The thickness of the backfilled layer must correspond to the project. Permissible deviations +20 mm |
- OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
4.1 When backfilling a pipeline laid in a trench, you must follow the safety rules set out in the following regulatory documents:
– SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
– SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;
- RD 102-011-89. Labor protection. Organizational and methodological documents.
- Collection of instructions and safety recommendations for builders of oil and gas industry facilities;
- Safety rules for the construction of steel main pipelines.
4.2 Before starting work on backfilling the trench, the person responsible for carrying out the work is obliged to brief the drivers, issue him a work permit, a work plan, show on-site the boundaries of the mechanism, the location of existing pipelines, cables and other underground communications.
4.3 Personnel servicing the machine must have a driving license, regularly inspect the machine and promptly eliminate detected faults, and perform preventive repairs.
- It is prohibited for unauthorized persons to be in the work area.
- The driver does not have the right to transfer control of the machine to another person without permission from the person responsible for operating the machine.
- The vehicle must not be left unattended while the engine is running. If you need to park the machine on a slope, you should turn off the engine of the machine, brake, lower the blade to the ground, and place stops under the tracks.
- The vehicle cabin must be kept clean.
- When two bulldozers are operating simultaneously, an interval of at least 5.0 m should be maintained between them.
- Before leaving the machine, the driver must place all levers in neutral and turn off all drives.
4.10 You cannot operate a bulldozer within the soil collapse prism, or push the bulldozer blade beyond the edge of the trench.
- The operation of a bulldozer on terrain with a longitudinal slope of more than 36° is prohibited.
- It is prohibited to repair, clean, adjust or lubricate the bulldozer while the engine is running.
- To clean the bulldozer blade, you must stop the machine and lower the blade to the ground.
- Particular care must be taken when working in areas where power lines pass.
To avoid damage to existing power lines during construction, security zones are installed on both sides of the outermost wires according to Table 2.
table 2
It is allowed to operate the machine in the security zone of power lines when the voltage is completely removed. The driver must be issued a work permit, issued accordingly.
4.15 The boundaries of zones in which there is a danger of electric shock are regulated as presented in table. 3 distances from unfenced, uninsulated parts of the electrical installation (electrical equipment, cable, wire) or from the vertical plane formed by the projection onto the ground of the nearest energized overhead power line wire.
| Voltage, kV | Distance, m | |
| Minimum change | ||
| ryable | ||
| Up to 20 | 2,0 | 2,0 |
| over 20 to 35 | 2,0 | 2,0 |
| over 35 to 110 | 3,0 | 4,0 |
| over 110 to 220 | 4,0 | 5,0 |
| over 220 to 400 | 5,0 | 7,0 |
| over 400 to 750 | 9,0 | 10,0 |
| over 750 to 1150 | 10,0 | 11,0 |
4.16 If it is impossible to relieve the voltage, work in the security zone of the power line is permitted with the written permission of the organization operating the line, a work permit and under the constant supervision of a responsible person appointed from the engineering and technical staff
- When driving under an energized power line, the working parts of the machine must be in the transport position.
- The movement of construction vehicles and mechanisms under power lines is allowed if the vehicle has a height from the road or ground level of no more than 5.0 meters when traveling on highways and 3.5 m when traveling on grader and country roads and without roads.
- COMPOSITION OF THE TEAM
5.1 When filling with a bulldozer:
5.2 When backfilling with a single-bucket excavator:
- LIST OF MACHINES, MECHANISMS AND EQUIPMENT
6.1 When filling with a bulldozer:
6.2. When performing backfilling with a single-bucket excavator.
ORDER OF LENIN GLAVMOSSTROY AT THE MOSCOW CITY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MOSORGSTROY
ROUTING
FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
IN TRENCHES WITH FIXINGS
Arch. No. 8809
MOSCOW - 1983
The technological map was developed by the design and technological department of the Mosorgstroy trust (A.N. Abramovich, A.P. Smirnov), agreed with the Production Preparation Department of Glavmosstroy, NIIMosstroy. The technological map is recommended for implementation in the construction industry. Send comments and suggestions regarding the map to: 113095, B. Polyanka, 51 a, Mosorgstroy trust.
1 . Application area
1.1. The technological map has been drawn up for the construction of underground communications (sewerage, water supply, drainage, etc.) in trenches with fastenings at Glavmosstroy facilities. 1.2. The technological map is intended for drawing up work projects and for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineers with the rules for carrying out work. 1.3. When linking the technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, the work flow diagrams, volumes of work, calculation of labor costs, and mechanization means are specified.2. Construction process technology
2.1. When laying underground utilities in trenches with fastenings, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP III -8-76 "Earthworks", SNiP III -30-74 "Water supply, sewerage and heat supply. External networks and structures”, etc. 2.2. Laying underground communications in trenches with cantilever fastenings. Before starting work, the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench should be checked and an act should be drawn up for the right to carry out work and admit workers to the trench. By the start of work, all equipment must be delivered to the construction site. necessary materials and products (pipes, reinforced concrete wells, etc.), the necessary machinery and equipment were delivered. Pipe laying must be carried out in the following sequence: geodetic breakdown of the pipeline axis; preparing the base of the trench; pipe laying; installation of reinforced concrete wells; sealing pipe entries in wells; covering pipelines with soil; hydraulic testing of pipelines (if necessary); final filling of the trench; extraction of trench fastening elements from the ground (I-beams, metal pipes, Larsen sheet piles, etc.). Work organization diagrams are shown on the sheets 1 And 2 . 2.3. The laying of underground communications in trenches with spacer fasteners is carried out in the same sequence as indicated above, but with the following addition: the spacer fasteners that interfere with the installation of pipes are rearranged during the work. Work organization diagrams are shown on the sheets 3 And 4 . 2.4. Schemes for organizing work when laying plastic pipes in trenches with fasteners and connecting them for welding are shown on sheets 5, 6; 7. 2.5. Backfilling of trenches with laid pipelines should be carried out in two steps: 1) first, with soft soils (sandy, clayey, with the exception of hard clays, natural sand and gravel layers without large inclusions), the pits and sinuses are filled and lined simultaneously on both sides, and then the trench is filled with the specified soil 0.2 higher than the top of the pipes, ensuring the safety of pipes, joints and insulation; in this case, the soil is poured in layers and compacted with manual and mounted electric rammers, for pipelines made of ceramic, asbestos-cement and polyethylene pipes the height of the soil backfill layer above the pipe should be 0.5 m; 2) subsequent backfilling of the trench is carried out after testing the pipelines with any soil without large inclusions (200 and > mm) using a mechanized method; At the same time, the safety of the pipes must be ensured. 2.6. Dismantling of the fastening elements of the trench walls is carried out in the direction from bottom to top as they are backfilled with soil. 2.7. After removing the metal pipes from the ground, fill the remaining wells with soil to their full height. 2.8. When working with plastic pipes, you must be guided by the requirements set out in the instructions SN 478-80 and the technological map “For the installation of sewerage from polyethylene pipes,” arch. No. 8355. 2.9. The width along the bottom of a trench with vertical walls without taking into account fastenings should be taken: for water supply and sewerage pipelines in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -8-76, clause 3.12; for two pipelines of heating networks (supply and return) with ductless installation in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -30-74, clause 2.4. 2.10. The laying of underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out by the composition of the unit given in the work schedule (Appendix 1). 2.11. Calculation of labor costs is given in Appendix 2. 2.12. Operational quality control of work on laying underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III -1-76 “Organization construction production", instructions SN-47-74, SN-478-80. The operational control scheme is given in Appendix 3. 2.13. When performing work, you must strictly comply with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 “Safety in Construction” and the system of occupational safety standards (OSSS).3. Technical and economic indicators
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Labor costs, person-days - 32.68 Demand for machines, machine-cm. - 4.3 Cost of labor costs, rub. - 138.95 Labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, man-days. - 0.33 Cost of labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, rub. - 1.39
4 . Material and technical resources
Requirement for basic materials and products
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Requirement for basic machinery and equipment
Annex 1
WORK SCHEDULE
Note. The worker link is part of integrated brigade for the construction of the zero cycle.
Appendix 2
CALCULATION OF LABOR COSTS
|
Justification (ENiR) |
Name of works |
Unit measured |
Scope of work |
Labor intensity |
Price per unit. measured, rub.-kop. |
Cost of labor costs for the entire scope of work, rubles-kopecks. |
|
|
per unit measured, person-hours or machine-hour |
for the entire volume, person-days or mash.-see |
||||||
| § 10-5, vol. 4, paragraph 3B; D | Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 40, with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane | ||||||
| § 10-27. paragraph 3, 4 B | Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 mm with sealing of pipe entries in the wells | ||||||
| § 2-1-44, vol. 1, paragraph 2a | Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the pipeline diameter and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually | ||||||
| § 2-4-21, vol. 2, paragraph 10B | Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards) | ||||||
| § 10-31, paragraph 2B | |||||||
Appendix 3
OPERATIONAL CONTROL SCHEME
|
Name of operations subject to control |
Work quality control |
|||
|
work producer (master) |
involved services |
|||
| Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane | Geodetic layout, planning, soil excavation and compaction, presence of external defects, quality of pipe connections using a socket, pipe alignment, fastening reliability | Theodolite, level; sights; tape measure, steel meter, visually | Before and during work | Geodetic |
| Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 with sealing of pipe entries in the wells | Correctness and reliability of slinging, well alignment, well base mark, installation reliability | Level, plumb line | During installation | |
| Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the pipeline diameter and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually | Quality of sand and compaction, safety of pipes and joints | Visually, with a measuring ring | During and after completion of work | Construction laboratory, representative of the customer and operating organization |
| Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards) | Soil quality, backfilling order, pipe safety, compaction quality | |||
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 1
(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage area for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - container boxes for mortar (concrete); 6 - tool box; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fence 110 cm high
Notes 1. Workers are allowed to enter the trench after checking the stability of the walls. 2. Dimensions are given in centimeters
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 2
Cantilever fastening of trench walls
Legend:
3 - installation crane; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fencing; 11 - fence 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 3
(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage areas for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 6 - container boxes for concrete (mortar); 7 - tool box; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts made of I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fence 110 cm high; 13 - laid reinforced concrete pipes;
Note: The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls.
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 4
Fastening trench walls with spacers
Legend:
3 - installation crane; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts from I-beams; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fencing; 13 - reinforced concrete pipe; 14 - fencing of the crane work area 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 5
(when laying communications from plastic pipes)
Cantilever fastening of trench walls
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 80; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 10 - plastic pipes welded into a braid; 11 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench
Notes . 1 . The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls. 2. The trench must be fenced as shown on sheets 1 and 2. 3. Sections III - III, IV - IV are shown on sheets 6, 7.WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 6
Cantilever fastening of trench walls
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for pipe welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - plastic pipes welded into a whip; 10 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench; 11 - temporary fencing of a trench 110 mm high; 12 - the basis for the movement of the platform from the boards; 13 - fencing of the crane operation area 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 7
(when laying underground utilities from plastic pipes)
ORDER OF LENIN GLAVMOSSTROY AT THE MOSCOW CITY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
MOSORGSTROY
ROUTING
FOR LAYING UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATIONS
IN TRENCHES WITH FIXINGS
Arch. No. 8809
MOSCOW - 1983
The technological map was developed by the design and technological department of the Mosorgstroy trust (A.N. Abramovich, A.P. Smirnov), agreed with the Production Preparation Department of Glavmosstroy, NIIMosstroy.
Send comments and suggestions regarding the map to: 113095, B. Polyanka, 51 a, Mosorgstroy trust.
1 area of use
1.1. The technological map has been drawn up for the construction of underground communications (sewerage, water supply, drainage, etc.) in trenches with fastenings at Glavmosstroy facilities.
1.2. The technological map is intended for drawing up work projects and for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineers with the rules for carrying out work.
1.3. When linking the technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, the work flow diagrams, volumes of work, calculation of labor costs, and mechanization means are specified.
2. Construction process technology
2.1. When laying underground communications in trenches with fastenings, it is necessary to be guided by SNiP III-8-76 “Earth structures”, SNiP III-30-74 “Water supply, sewerage and heat supply. External networks and structures”, etc.
2.2. Laying underground communications in trenches with cantilever fastenings. Before starting work, the stability of the fastening of the walls of the trench should be checked and an act should be drawn up for the right to carry out work and admit workers to the trench.
Before the start of work, all necessary materials and products (pipes, reinforced concrete wells, etc.) must be delivered to the construction site, and the necessary machines and equipment must be delivered.
Pipe laying must be done in the following sequence:
geodetic alignment of the pipeline axis;
preparing the base of the trench;
pipe laying;
installation of reinforced concrete wells;
sealing pipe entries in wells;
covering pipelines with soil;
hydraulic testing of pipelines (if necessary);
final filling of the trench;
extraction of trench fastening elements from the ground (I-beams, metal pipes, Larsen sheet piles, etc.).
Work organization diagrams are shown on sheets 1 and 2.
2.3. The laying of underground communications in trenches with spacer fasteners is carried out in the same sequence as indicated above, but with the following addition: the spacer fasteners that interfere with the installation of pipes are rearranged during the work.
Work organization diagrams are shown on sheets 3 and 4.
2.4. Schemes for organizing work when laying plastic pipes in trenches with fasteners and connecting them for welding are shown on sheets 5, 6; 7.
2.5. Backfilling trenches with laid pipelines should be done in two steps:
1) first, with soft soils (sandy, clayey, with the exception of hard clays, natural sand and gravel layers without large inclusions), the pits and sinuses are filled and lined simultaneously on both sides, and then the trench is filled with the specified soil 0.2 above the top of the pipes, ensuring the safety of the pipes , joints and insulation; in this case, the soil is poured in layers and compacted with manual and mounted electric rammers; for pipelines made of ceramic, asbestos-cement and polyethylene pipes, the height of the soil backfill layer above the pipe should be 0.5 m;
2) subsequent backfilling of the trench is carried out after testing the pipelines with any soil without large inclusions (200 and > mm) using a mechanized method; At the same time, the safety of the pipes must be ensured.
2.6. Dismantling of the fastening elements of the trench walls is carried out in the direction from bottom to top as they are backfilled with soil.
2.7. After removing the metal pipes from the ground, fill the remaining wells with soil to their full height.
2.8. When working with plastic pipes, you must be guided by the requirements set out in the instructions SN 478-80 and the technological map “For the installation of sewerage from polyethylene pipes,” arch. No. 8355.
2.9. The width along the bottom of a trench with vertical walls, excluding fasteners, should be taken as follows:
for water supply and sewerage pipelines in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-8-76, clause 3.12;
for two pipelines of heating networks (supply and return) with ductless installation in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-30-74, clause 2.4.
2.10. The laying of underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out by the composition of the unit given in the work schedule (Appendix 1).
2.11. Calculation of labor costs is given in Appendix 2.
2.12. Operational quality control of work on laying underground communications in trenches with fastenings is carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP III-1-76 “Organization of construction production”, instructions SN-47-74, SN-478-80.
The operational control scheme is given in Appendix 3.
2.13. When performing work, you must strictly comply with the requirements of SNiP III-4-80 “Safety in Construction” and the system of occupational safety standards (OSSS).
3. Technical and economic indicators
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Labor costs, person-days - 32.68
Demand for machines, machine see. - 4.3
Cost of labor costs, rub. - 138.95
Labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, man-days. - 0.33
Cost of labor costs per 1 m of laid pipeline, rub. - 1.39
4. Material and technical resources
Requirement for basic materials and products
(per 100 linear meters of pipeline)
Requirement for basic machinery and equipment
Annex 1
WORK SCHEDULE
Note. A link of workers is part of an integrated team for the construction of the zero cycle.
Appendix 2
CALCULATION OF LABOR COSTS
|
Justification (ENiR) |
Name of works |
Unit measured |
Scope of work |
Labor intensity |
Price per unit. measured, rub.-kop. |
Cost of labor costs for the entire scope of work, rubles-kopecks. |
|
|
per unit measured, person-hours or machine-hour |
for the entire volume, person-days or mash.-see |
||||||
|
§ 10-5, vol. 4, paragraph 3B; D |
Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 40, with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane |
||||||
|
§ 10-27. paragraph 3, 4 B |
Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 mm with sealing of pipe entries in the wells |
||||||
|
§ 2-1-44, vol. 1, paragraph 2a |
|||||||
|
§ 2-4-21, vol. 2, paragraph 10B |
Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards) |
||||||
|
§ 10-31, paragraph 2B |
|||||||
Appendix 3
OPERATIONAL CONTROL SCHEME
|
Name of operations subject to control |
Work quality control |
|||
|
work producer (master) |
involved services |
|||
|
Laying reinforced concrete pipes with a diameter of 400 with preliminary preparation of the trench base using an installation crane |
Geodetic layout, planning, soil excavation and compaction, presence of external defects, quality of pipe connections using a socket, pipe alignment, fastening reliability |
Theodolite, level; sights; tape measure, steel meter, visually |
Before and during work |
Geodetic |
|
Installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete wells with a diameter of 1250 with sealing of pipe entries in the wells |
Correctness and reliability of slinging, well alignment, well base mark, installation reliability |
Level, plumb line |
During installation |
|
|
Filling the sinuses with sand to a height of 0.5 of the pipeline diameter and to a height of 0.2 m above the top of the pipeline manually |
Quality of sand and compaction, safety of pipes and joints |
Visually, with a measuring ring |
During and after completion of work |
Construction laboratory, representative of the customer and operating organization |
|
Backfilling of the trench with soil using a bulldozer with dismantling of fastening elements (backfill boards) |
Soil quality, backfilling order, pipe safety, compaction quality |
|||
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 1
(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage area for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - container boxes for mortar (concrete); 6 - tool box; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fence 110 cm high
Notes
1. Workers are allowed to enter the trench after checking the stability of the walls.
2. Dimensions are given in centimeters
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 2
Cantilever fastening of trench walls
Legend:
3 - installation crane; 7 - reinforced concrete pipe; 8 - reinforced concrete well; 9 - pick-up from boards; 10 - temporary fencing; 11 - fence 100 cm high
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 3
(when laying sewerage, drainage, water supply, etc.)
Legend:
1 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 2 - storage areas for reinforced concrete wells; 3 - installation crane; 4 - pipe storage areas; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 6 - container boxes for concrete (mortar); 7 - tool box; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts made of I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fence 110 cm high; 13 - laid reinforced concrete pipes;
Note:
The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls.
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 4
Fastening trench walls with spacers
Legend:
3 - installation crane; 5 - spacers for fastening the trench walls; 8 - pick-ups from boards; 9 - metal pipes with a diameter of 219 mm; 10 - belts made of I-beams; 11 - reinforced concrete well; 12 - temporary fencing; 13 - reinforced concrete pipe; 14 - fencing of the crane work area with a height of 100 cm
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 5
(when laying communications from plastic pipes)
Cantilever fastening of trench walls
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 80; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - ladder for lowering workers into the trench; 10 - plastic pipes welded into a braid; 11 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench
Notes
1. The admission of workers into the trench is permitted after acceptance of the stability of the fastening of the trench walls.
2. The trench must be fenced as shown on sheets 1 and 2.
3. Sections III - III, IV - IV are shown on sheets 6, 7.
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 6
Cantilever fastening of trench walls
Legend:
1 - I-beams No. 30 ¸ 60; 2 - pick-ups from boards; 3 - support posts; 4 - mobile platform; 5 - installation for welding pipes; 6 - reinforced concrete well; 7 - installation crane; 8 - car; 9 - plastic pipes welded into a braid; 10 - layout of plastic pipes on the edge of the trench; 11 - temporary fencing of a trench with a height of 110 mm; 12 - base for moving the platform made of boards; 13 - fencing of the crane work area with a height of 100 cm
WORK ORGANIZATION SCHEME Sheet 7
(when laying underground communications from plastic pipes)
Cantilever fastening of trench walls
For symbols, see sheets 5 and 6.
TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)
DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL IN TRENCHES FOR LAYING PIPELINES
1 AREA OF USE
1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) was developed for the production of soil excavation in trenches with a single-bucket excavator for laying pipelines.
1.2. Standard technological maps are intended for use in the development of work production projects (WPP), construction organization projects (COP), other organizational and technological documentation, as well as for the purpose of familiarizing (training) workers and engineers with the rules of work production.
1.3. The purpose of creating the presented TTK is to provide a schematic diagram of the technological process of working on the development of a trench with a single-bucket excavator for laying pipelines, the composition and content of the TTK, examples of filling out the necessary tables.
1.4. When linking a standard technological map to a specific object and construction conditions, production schemes, volumes of work, labor costs, mechanization means, materials, equipment, etc. are specified.
1.5. The development of a trench for laying pipelines is carried out on the basis of a work project and working technological maps that regulate the means of technological support and execution rules technological processes during the execution of work. The design features of trench development are decided in each specific case by the working design.
1.6. Regulatory framework for the development of technological maps are: SNiP, SN, SP, GESN-2001 ENiR, production standards for material consumption, local progressive standards and prices, labor cost standards, material and technical resource consumption standards.
1.7. Working flow charts are reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the general contracting construction and installation organization, in agreement with the customer’s organization, the customer’s technical supervision and the organizations that will be in charge of the operation of this pipeline.
1.8. The use of TTK helps to increase labor productivity, reduce labor costs, improve the organization and quality of work, reduce costs and reduce construction duration, perform work safely, organize rhythmic work, and rational use labor resources and machines, as well as reducing the development time for project planning and unification of technological solutions.
1.9. The development of trenches for laying pipelines is carried out in the following technological sequence:
Geodetic alignment work is being carried out;
Leveling the ground surface along the entire route with bulldozers;
Excavation of soil in a trench using excavators equipped with a backhoe, open method with dumping soil into a dump or loading it into vehicles;
Refinement of soil and cleaning of slopes and the bottom of the trench using small-scale mechanization or manually;
Digging pits for pipe connections;
Construction of a foundation for the pipeline.
1.10. The technological map provides for the development of soil in a trench using a complex mechanized link with a hydraulic, single-bucket excavator ZX-200 from Hitachi , equipped with a bucket backhoe with teeth (https://pandia.ru/text/80/366/images/image002_4.gif" width="11" height="23 src=">), as a driving mechanism.
Fig.1. Excavator ZX-200
1.11. Work in progress all year round and are carried out in one shift. The working hours during a shift are:
External networks and structures of water supply and sewerage";
SNiP III-42-80*. "Main pipelines".
2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION
2.1. In accordance with SNiP 12-01-2004. Organization of construction Before the start of construction and installation (including preparatory) work at the site, the general contractor is obliged to obtain, in the prescribed manner, a permit (order) for excavation work - development of a trench for laying a pipeline - from the State Technical Inspectorate. Carrying out work without the specified permission is prohibited.
2.2. The execution of trench development work is preceded by a set of organizational and preparatory measures, such as:
Appointment of a person responsible for high-quality and safe work;
Installation of information boards indicating the name of the object, the names of the investor, customer and contractor, the start and end dates of work;
Obtaining permission to carry out excavation work from the customer;
Reception from the customer according to the act of geodetic alignment of the basis for construction;
Obtaining a working design with a plan for the location of the pipeline being laid and its removal from existing underground communications, as well as from overhead networks, including contact networks of relay transport;
Obtaining a PPR or working technological map for excavation work and familiarizing workers and line engineers with them for signature;
Conducting briefings for workers and engineers involved in the production of work on safe labor practices and industrial sanitation;
Construction of entrances to the work site;
Installation of inventory buildings and structures according to the construction plan construction site for storing tools and household needs;
Preparation of mechanisms, equipment and their delivery to the site;
Providing workers with tools, devices and personal protective equipment;
Preparing places for storing materials, inventory and other necessary equipment;
Fencing the construction area with warning signs illuminated at night;
Providing communications for operational dispatch control of work;
Providing the construction site with fire-fighting equipment and alarm systems;
Drawing up an act of readiness of the object for work.
2.3. Before starting excavation work, you must:
Complete the preparation of the work front (clearing the area from forest vegetation, uprooting stumps, grading, demolition and transfer of structures and communications that impede the work) in accordance with the requirements of the work technology and the construction plan;
Install temporary benchmarks along the route associated with leveling moves and permanent benchmarks;
Lay out on the ground (with the installation of stakes) the axis of the trench and its edges, the boundaries of the soil dump and prepare a place for storage;
Fix the alignment axes and rotation angles of the route and tie them to permanent objects on the ground (buildings, structures, trees, etc.);
Determine the location of underground communications and secure them on the ground with appropriate signs or inscriptions, and when crossing them with a trench, protect them from mechanical damage and hang them on rigid jumpers;
Document the layout of the route with a list of benchmarks and reference points attached;
The work foreman must familiarize himself with and hand over to the excavator driver the entire route with turning angles for performing the work.
2.4. Construction work performed when developing a trench for laying a pipeline includes the following operations:
Development, with the release of soil into a dump, of a trench of the appropriate width with a shortfall to the design level by an amount that meets the requirements of the PIC, PPR or working technological map;
Separating pits at pipe joints;
Installation of fastening of trench slopes (if necessary);
Ensuring drainage from the trench (if necessary).
2.5. The geodetic layout of the trench consists of marking it on the ground. The breakdown is carried out in two planes: horizontal and vertical. When laying out horizontally, the position of the pipeline axis is determined and fixed on the ground and the outline of the trench in plan is outlined, and when laying out vertically, its depth is determined. At the beginning, the location of the pipeline to be laid is determined with the removal and binding of its axis to permanent landmarks. Then the boundaries of the trench are established with the removal of its axis and reference to permanent landmarks beyond its boundaries.
The boundaries of the trench are secured with cast-offs, consisting of wooden posts dug into the ground and attached to them strictly at one level, slats and boards, on which planks are fixed, showing the steepness of the slopes (see Fig. 2). Columns of castoffs are buried in the ground to a depth of at least 0.7 m and no closer than 0.7 m from the edge of the trench.
Digging a trench with a single-bucket excavator
onshore areas
- General requirements.. 2
- Work order.. 2
- The need for machines and mechanisms, technological equipment and materials.. 2
- Composition of teams by profession... 4
- Operational control scheme.. 5
- Solutions for OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, INDUSTRIAL and FIRE SAFETY... 7
- Work flow diagram.. 12
- Familiarization sheet.. 13
- General requirements
Developed for digging a trench with a single-bucket excavator equipped with a backhoe at the site:
Digging a trench is done with a single-bucket excavator
- (bucket capacity – m3)
Moving soil into a dump using a bulldozer
The works covered by the map include:
- installing an excavator into the face;
- soil development;
- moving soil into the dump with a bulldozer;
- cleaning the bucket;
- movement of the excavator during operation.
Work on digging a trench should be carried out in accordance with the detailed design, this technological map and the requirements of the following regulatory documents:
- . Instructions for construction work in security zones of main pipelines of the Ministry oil industry;
- . Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
- . Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;
- Safety regulations for the construction of steel main pipelines, approved. Ministry of Oil and Gas Construction 08/11/81;
- Rules for the protection of main pipelines with additions, approved. fast. Gosgortechnadzor of Russia dated April 22, 1992 No. 9; dated 11/23/94 No. 61;
- . Earthworks. Foundations and foundations;
- SNiP 2.05.06-85*. Main pipelines;
- VSN 004-88. Construction of main pipelines. Technology and organization.
- BCH 012-88. Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of work. Parts I and II;
- Work procedure
To carry out the work you must have:
- written permission to carry out work in the location area
underground communications from organizations operating these communications; - work permit for work.
Before starting work, the following must be completed:
- preparatory work has been carried out (removal of fertile soil
layer and clearing the route from forest vegetation); - the boundaries of the work are broken and fixed on the ground;
- excavator and bulldozer delivered to the work site.
The trench is developed using the end face method while the excavator moves along its axis.
The soil removed from the trench is placed in a dump on one side, no closer than 0.5 m from the edge of the trench.
When operating a single-bucket excavator on straight sections along the direction of its movement, install poles 3 m high every 50-80 m, and pegs between them every 5 m.
In curved areas, within a curve, along the width of the tracks or along the width of the trench, pegs should be installed on both sides every 2-5 m.
The trench parameters are taken in accordance with the working drawings.
The steepness of the slopes of the trench is shown in table 1.
| Table 1 | |||
| Slope steepness | |||
| Types of soil | With an excavation depth of not more than | Recess depth | |
| 1.5 m | 3,0 m | ki up to 5 m | |
| Sand and gravel | 1:0.5 | 1:1 | 1:1 |
| Sandy loam | 1:0.25 | 1:0.67 | 1:0.85 |
| Loam | 1:0 | 1:0.5 | 1:0.75 |
| Clay | 1:0 | 1:0.25 | 1:0.5 |
Note: when layering different types of soil, the steepness of the slopes for all layers is assigned according to the weakest type of soil
Digging a trench is performed by an excavator driver of the 6th category.
TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS FOR 1000 m 3 SOIL
| Name | Unit change | Indicators by groupssoil | |||||
| 1 | II | III | IV | V | |||
| standard labor costs | people hour | 15 17 | 18 20 | 23 | 29 | 37 | |
| – | |||||||
| duration of work | in soils with natural moisture | shifts | 1.9 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 4.6 |
| in wet soils (swampy) | – | ||||||
| Excavator performance | in soils with natural moisture | m 3 /cm | 533 | 444 | 348 | 275 | 216 |
| in wet soils (swampy) | 484 | 403 | – | – | – | ||
Shift duration – 8 hours
- The need for machines and mechanisms, technological equipment and materials
table 2
| Name | Type, Brand, GOST |
Quantity, pcs. | Brief characteristic |
Note: if the Contractor does not have single-bucket excavators of the brands presented in Table 2, other brands can be used, specifications which must be similar or higher.
- Composition of teams by profession
Table 3 Composition of teams for performing work on the development of an underwater trench and trench in coastal areas, performing drilling operations and work on instrumentation and diving surveys
- Operational control scheme
Technological, including operational, quality control when digging trenches, carried out during the work process, consists of systematic monitoring of the compliance of the work performed with the working design, compliance with the requirements of the work project, this Labor Code, and compliance with the requirements of the documents given in Section 6.
Operational quality control is carried out directly by the performers indicated in Table 3.
Operational quality control of earthworks should include:
- checking the correctness of the transfer of the actual axis of the trench and its compliance with the design position;
- checking the profile of the bottom of the trench with measuring its depth and design marks;
- checking the width of the trench along the bottom;
- checking the steepness of slopes depending on the soil structure specified in the project;
- measurement of the actual radii of curvature of the trench in sections of rotation in the horizontal plane.
Defects identified during the inspection process, deviations from designs and requirements of building regulations or technological instructions must be corrected before the start of the next operations (works).
The compliance of the trench bottom marks with the design profile is checked using geometric leveling. The marks of the reference benchmarks are taken as the initial ones (if necessary, the network of benchmarks is condensed during the marking work so that the distance between the temporary benchmarks does not exceed 2-2.5 km). Leveling the bottom of the trench is carried out by technical leveling methods. The actual elevation of the trench bottom is determined at all points where design elevations are indicated in the working drawings.
Completed excavation work is accepted by the quality control service, checking the following parameters:
- width of the trench along the bottom;
- trench depth;
- the size of the slopes;
- executive profile of the bottom of the trench (applied on the working drawings).
During earthworks, executive documentation, form 2.4, VSN 012-88 “Construction of main and field pipelines. Quality control and acceptance of work.” Part II.
Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers are given below in Table 4
Table 4: Technical criteria for controlled processes and operations, controls and performers
| Name of processes subject to control | Item control |
Tool and method of control | Time control |
Responsible Controller | Technical criteria for quality assessment |
| Securing the trench axis | Deviation of the alignment axis from the design one | Theodolite | Before digging a trench | Surveyor | The deviation of the actual trench axis from the design one should be no more than 50 mm per 1 km of route |
| Digging a trench | Bottom trench width | Measuring tape, theodolite, template | Periodically | Surveyor, master | Permissible deviations of half the width of the trench in relation to the alignment axis: plus 20 cm; minus 5 cm; |
| Marking the bottom of the trench in straight sections | Level | Periodically (after 50 m) |
Master, surveyor | minus 10 cm |
|
| Marking the bottom of the trench on vertical elastic bending curves | Level | Periodically (after 10 m) |
Master, surveyor | Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one: minus 10 cm |
|
| Marking the bottom of the trench on vertical forced bending curves | Level | Periodically (after 2 m) |
Master, surveyor | Permissible deviation of the actual elevation of the trench bottom from the design one: minus 10 cm |
|
| Slope steepness | Templates | Master | Compliance with the parameters presented in Table 3-1 | ||
| Condition of the trench bottom | Visually | Selectively in areas of doubt | Master | A flat surface of the trench bottom without ridges or collapsed soil |
- Solutions for OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH, INDUSTRIAL and FIRE SAFETY
When digging trenches, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of this section of the Labor Code, as well as be guided by the regulatory documents set out in section 6.
The following workers may be allowed to perform trench digging work:
- who have reached the age of eighteen, have undergone special training and received a certificate of the established form;
- past medical checkup to determine fitness for health reasons to work in a profession;
- who have undergone introductory training on labor protection and fire safety and primary training on ensuring the safety of work at main oil pipeline (OTP) facilities.
The work manager is obliged to:
- check that the excavator driver has a license to operate the excavator;
- provide instructions to employees at the workplace, taking into account the specifics of the work;
- together with the workers and the excavator driver, inspect the work site and give instructions to complete the daily task using safe methods in accordance with the working documentation, the work permit and this Labor Code;
- check the actions of workers during the working day on issues of labor safety, compliance with labor and production discipline, as well as work technology.
When performing work, the operator of a single-bucket excavator is obliged to:
- comply with the requirements of the labor protection instructions, as well as the requirements of the manufacturer’s instructions for operating the excavator operated by him;
- wear special clothing and safety shoes, use personal protective equipment (dielectric gloves, rubber mat);
- before installing the excavator at the work site, he must make sure that the soil is leveled and the slope of the terrain does not exceed those allowed according to the excavator’s passport;
- During breaks in work (regardless of the reasons and duration), move the excavator boom away from the face and lower the excavator bucket to the ground. The bucket can only be cleaned after lowering it to the ground with the engine turned off;
- load soil into dump trucks from the rear side wall, and prevent the excavator bucket from moving above the dump truck driver’s cab. It is allowed to load soil into a dump truck only if there is no driver or other people in the cab;
- at maintenance excavator, stop the engine and relieve pressure in the hydraulic system;
- Do not smoke or use fire while refueling the excavator. Lighting a fire closer than 50 m from the place of work or parking of the excavator is not permitted;
- If communications or other objects not specified by the work manager are found in the face, the work of the excavator must be stopped immediately and the work manager must be reported about the incident so that appropriate measures can be taken.
The driver should not start work if the following safety requirements are violated:
- malfunction of the mechanisms, hydraulic system of the excavator, as well as the presence of defects in metal structures, in which, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, its operation is prohibited;
- non-compliance of the conditions and place of operation of the excavator with safety requirements;
- presence of unauthorized persons in the danger zone of the excavator;
The excavator operator is prohibited from:
- transfer control to other persons;
- transport unauthorized persons in the cabin;
- leave the excavator with the engine running.
Upon completion of work, the driver must:
- park the excavator;
- lower the bucket to the ground, turn off the engine, and lock the cab. Inform the work manager and the person in charge about the condition of the excavator and any malfunctions.
When operating machines in mountainous conditions, certain difficulties arise (tipping over, sliding, lubrication failure), therefore it is especially important that the machines are in good working order and that they are carried out in a timely manner. technical inspection and preventive maintenance.
It is necessary to instruct tracked vehicle operators that tracks may be thrown off on slopes, especially when turning. To prevent this phenomenon, turns should be made smoothly, rolling the track after turning a small sector.
Near existing underground communications, soil development will be carried out in the presence of a representative of the operating organization, a formalized work order - clearance and additional instructions, working with a signature in the log.
The development of soil by machinery should be stopped at a distance of at least 2 meters in both directions from underground utilities. In the immediate vicinity, it is allowed to develop the soil only manually (with a shovel) without the use of impact tools (crowbar, pickaxe, pneumatic tools, etc.)
The permissible horizontal distance from the base of the excavation slope to the nearest machine supports should be taken according to Table 5.
Table 5: Horizontal distances from the base of the excavation slope to the nearest machine support, m
| Excavation depth, m | Horizontal distances from the base of the excavation slope to the nearest machine support in the soil, m: | |||
| sandy | sandy loam | loamy | clayey | |
| 1,0 | 1,5 | 1,25 | 1,00 | 1,00 |
| 2,0 | 3,0 | 2,40 | 2,00 | 1,50 |
| 3,0 | 4,0 | 3,60 | 3,25 | 1,75 |
| 4,0 | 5,0 | 4,40 | 4,00 | 3,00 |
To avoid the collapse of the trench walls, the edge of the soil dump should be located at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the trench berm.
It is forbidden to be in the danger zone of a working excavator. The danger zone is equal to the radius of the maximum reach of the bucket plus 5 m.
When cleaning the bottom of a trench after an excavator has worked, diggers must be at least 10 m away from the location where the excavator is operating.
When moving the excavator under its own power, the bucket must be raised to a height of no more than 0.7 m above ground level.
When digging a trench, the excavator must be located outside the soil collapse prism (slope)
Carrying out high-risk work at explosive and fire-hazardous facilities is permitted only with a permit.
The work permit is issued separately for each type of work and location. If the work is carried out in one place, by one team and under the leadership of one person responsible for the work, and the conditions for their implementation are simultaneously classified as hot work and high-risk work or as gas-hazardous work and high-risk work, then their implementation can be issued in one work order -admission.
The permit is valid for the period specified therein. The planned duration of the work should not exceed 10 days. The work permit may be extended for a period of no more than 3 days, while the duration of work from the planned date and time of the start of work, taking into account the extension, should not exceed 10 days. The order is valid for one shift.
The customer’s operator is informed about the daily start and daily completion of work according to work permits and orders.
The person responsible for carrying out the work is appointed on the basis of a joint order of the contractor and the Customer, protocols for testing knowledge of labor protection requirements, protocols for certification of industrial safety in the Customer’s commission.
During the period of work, the person responsible for the work is constantly at the work site.
Notifies the operator structural unit on the daily start, daily completion of work, its completion and acceptance of the work performed and the location of the work.
The person responsible for the work informs the person responsible for permission to carry out the work about the beginning, progress of the work and its completion.
The person responsible for permission to carry out work monitors the progress of work according to the work permit, reports the beginning, progress of work and its completion to the person responsible for approving the work permit.
The contracting organization's engineers and technicians responsible for carrying out work under the work permit must undergo training at a specialized organization according to the fire-technical minimum program.
The person responsible for carrying out the work is obliged to suspend work, cancel (cancel) the work permit, remove people from the place of work and notify the customer operator and the person who issued the work permit in the following cases:
- the occurrence of a threat to life and health, in the event of an accident associated with the production of work performed under a work permit, as well as in case of emergency situation;
– violations of fire safety rules by workers performing work;
– absence of documents issued in accordance with the established procedure permitting documentation and work permit for the production of hot work, the absence of officials of the contracting organization from among the engineers at the place of work;
– automatic activation of the fire extinguishing system;
– issuing a light and sound signal from the UPS;
Detection of violations of the conditions stipulated by the work permit, which can lead to injury to workers or to an emergency;
– prohibition of work by regulatory and supervisory authorities.
Work can be resumed only after identifying and eliminating the reasons for their suspension and issuing a new work permit.
The work foreman is obliged to check the implementation of fire safety measures within the work site. It is permitted to begin repair and fire work only after all measures ensuring fire safety and provided for in the permit have been completed.
Managers of repair (fire) work performed by contractors are responsible for compliance by subordinate personnel with fire safety rules and requirements in force at the site and for the occurrence of fires that occur through their fault.
The organization of training and briefing on the safe performance of work by employees of contracting organizations is entrusted to the management of these organizations.
The installation of fire and repair work sites with fire equipment and/or primary fire extinguishing equipment, depending on the type and volume of work, must be carried out by the work contractor.
The placement of fire equipment (including primary fire extinguishing equipment) at the sites of fire and repair work should ensure the possibility of supplying fire extinguishing agents within no more than 3 minutes.
It is prohibited to carry out repair, construction and excavation work without obtaining the necessary documents. permitting documents, including a work project, acts for securing a site, an act of admission to carry out work, an act of transfer of a site, a permit for work in a security zone.
Actions of workers in case of fire
Each contractor employee, when detecting a fire or signs of combustion (smoke, burning smell, increased temperature, etc.) must:
- immediately report this by phone to the fire department; in this case, you must provide the address of the facility, the location of the fire, and also provide your last name;
- report the fire to the dispatcher (operator) of the facility or the manager of the facility (senior official of the facility);
- take, if possible, measures to evacuate people and protect material assets, fire extinguishing with primary and stationary fire extinguishing means.
Excavators and bulldozers must be equipped with video recording systems.
It is prohibited to carry out work without the use of video recording equipment on these types of equipment.
Admission to excavator operators to carry out excavation work on existing oil pipelines and oil product pipelines is carried out only after successfully passing the test of practical skills in developing a repair pit with an excavator at the OST test site.
8 Familiarization sheet
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