International code for the carriage of goods by sea. International Maritime Dangerous Goods Codes. To containers and packaging

With regard to the carriage of dangerous goods by sea in Russian Federation adopted the rules of national and international levels. Foreign trade participants engaged in foreign trade in raw materials and goods of this class need to know guidelines for their transportation.

To begin with, let's figure out which substances and materials fall under this category and what their classification is, and then we will get acquainted with the basic rules of maritime transportation in accordance with the MOPOG Code. Let's touch on the rules of packaging, labeling and accompanying documents required for the transport of dangerous goods.

What is dangerous goods?

Dangerous goods are any objects, characteristics and properties that can:

threaten human life and health;
cause irreparable harm to environment;
cause damage to material objects.

The following substances fall under this designation:

capable of exploding due to friction or detonation, leaving large-scale destruction;
which can easily ignite under the influence of temperature or other factors;
causing a corrosive process in conventional storage containers, which may lead to the release of a substance;
belonging to the category of strong poisons that are dangerous to human life and health.

MK MOPOG is the main document regulating the transportation of dangerous goods by sea.

Classification

According to GOST, classes of dangerous goods are distinguished:

substances capable of causing an explosion;
compressed gas substances dissolved under pressure;
liquids, easily and quickly flammable;
solid substances that are easily flammable; spontaneously combustible substances; cargoes that, when exposed to water, emit gases susceptible to ignition;
oxidizing cargoes; organic peroxides;
poisonous goods, as well as goods that can cause infection;
radioactive cargo;
caustic substances, as well as substances that can cause corrosion;
other goods dangerous for humans and the environment.

There are selected on the basis of their characteristics and degree of danger.

The captain is responsible for the readiness of the vessel for the carriage of dangerous goods.

Transport rules

The International Maritime Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods (ICDID) was developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The code is often edited and supplemented. It includes 4 parts, based on them, it is possible to identify the key rules for transportation according to the MOPOG MK.

Dangerous goods must be stowed and secured so that safety standards are not violated. The method of cargo securing depends on its properties, hazard class.
Explosive Class Cargo placed in special rooms. The premises must be locked during transport. There should be no detonators near such a load.
Goods belonging to the class of substances emitting dangerous vapors, are placed in a special room where ventilation is provided.
For goods belonging to the class of liquids or gases subject to ignition special measures must be taken to prevent fire.
On the vessel through which export or import transportation is carried out, there must be a set of MK MOPOG.
Import or export transportation of dangerous goods cannot be carried out without compliance with the MOPOG Code, however, in the event of force majeure, actions are possible that are not available in the code, directing to save people and cargo.
When transporting goods that require a special temperature and humidity regime, the carrier will need to provide a Certificate of Cargo Characteristics.
The ship must have special cargo space, fire extinguishing agent appropriate for this type of cargo.
In the event that incompatible goods are transported, the vessel must have appropriate accommodation conditions.

In addition to MC MOPOG, maritime transport of dangerous goods is regulated by the international convention MARPOL 73/78 (prevention of pollution of ships) and SOLAS-74 (international convention aimed at protecting human life on the sea).

When transporting goods of foreign charterers, packaging, marking, documentation, class of cargo must comply with the MOPOG Code.

Packing Requirements

In accordance with GOST (26319-84) and the rules for the transport of dangerous goods, the shipper is obliged to pack the goods in such a way that the packaging minimizes possible risks during transportation and loading and unloading. Packaging must comply with a number of characteristics.

High quality, good performance.
The presence of an internal surface, which will not provoke the risk of creating force majeure when the cargo comes into contact with it.
Operational properties, which will withstand the risk of loading and unloading and sea transportation.

A number of requirements are also imposed on the cushioning material necessary for the transport of hazardous liquids. He must:

prevent the dangerous impact that the cargo may have;
prevent the movement of the vessel with liquid, fit tightly to it;
if possible, the volume of the material should be such that it is enough to absorb the liquid in case of damage to the container;
in containers for hazardous liquids, at the appropriate temperature conditions for the liquid during filling, there must be free space. The amount of free space depends on the maximum operating temperature during transport;
In the event that a ship has uncleaned empty containers that previously contained a hazardous liquid, the above rules also apply to it. Exceptions are containers for which actions have been taken to make them safe.

Marking

The fact that there is dangerous cargo on board is indicated by special signs. Labeling requirements are regulated by GOST (19433-88) and MOPOG rules.

When transporting dangerous goods by sea, the packaging and containers in which the goods are located are marked. Special labels are installed both on the cargo itself and on the vehicle carrying it.

Labeling of dangerous goods must comply with the following requirements:

the presence of an indication of the correct technical name of the cargo. Listing only the commercial name is against the rules;
danger signs corresponding to the class of cargo, clearly indicating its dangerous characteristics;
regardless of the method of marking, it should not be washed off when in sea water for at least three months. When choosing a marking method, the reliability of the means used, the features of the packaging surface should be taken into account;
Each package must be labeled and labelled. The only exceptions are goods with a reduced degree of danger and goods transported in small quantities. Exceptions also apply to special circumstances when it is allowed to stack the goods on packages that have appropriate danger labels.

Accompanying documents

Regulations also apply to accompanying documentation for the transport of dangerous goods.

On board a vessel carrying dangerous goods, it is mandatory to have their inventory, manifest or cargo plan, which indicates the technical name, characteristics, hazard class of the cargo, as well as its location. Copies of this document must be presented to port officials for the departure of the vehicle.
The documents related to the transported cargo are accompanied by a signed certificate certifying that the dangerous cargo is properly packaged, labeled, equipped with danger signs, and can be transported. The document must be submitted by the person responsible for packaging.
In the event that there is reasonable doubt that the Cargo Transport Unit (CTU) does not comply with the above container rules, then it should not be accepted for shipment. A similar rule applies in the absence of a certificate of correct stowage in a container/vehicle.
If there are any violations of the packaging (the packaging is deformed, damaged, leaves traces, stains), the dangerous goods are not loaded onto the ship.
Freight transport places stowed and secured in accordance with the Cargo Securing Manual approved by the Administration.

Shippers often charter ships to carry dangerous goods. Information on how freight is calculated

The Code establishes basic principles, detailed recommendations for individual substances, materials and articles, as well as a number of recommendations for good operational practice, including advice on terminology, packaging, labeling, warehousing, segregation and handling and actions in emergency situations.

International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code - IMDG

MMOG- serves the purposes of ensuring the safe transportation of dangerous goods by sea, protecting the crews of ships and preventing pollution of the marine environment. The main provisions of the code are based on the UN recommendations on the transport of dangerous goods. At the same time, the code contains such important provisions regarding the specifics of the maritime transport of dangerous goods, such as the placement and separation of dangerous goods on board ships, emergency situations, the transportation of marine pollutants and other issues related to ensuring transport safety at sea in general.

Transportation of dangerous goods

The latest current edition of 2010, including amendments 35-10, is valid until 2013 and consists of two volumes and an addendum.

1 volume

Part 1. General provisions, definitions and training of personnel:

General provisions;
Definitions, units of measurement and abbreviations;
Staff training;
Security Regulations;
General provisions for class 7 dangerous goods.

Part 2. Classification:

Introduction;
Grades 1-9;
Sea pollutants.

Explosives and products;
gases;
flammable liquids;
Flammable solids, substances capable of spontaneous combustion;
Substances that emit flammable gases when in contact with water;
Oxidizing agents and organic peroxides;
Toxic and infectious substances;
radioactive materials;
corrosive substances;
Other hazardous substances and articles.

Part 3: List of hazardous substances, special provisions and exemptions, see Volume 2.

Part 4. Packing and tank provisions:

Use of packaging, including intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and large packagings;
Use of portable tanks and multiple element gas containers (MEGCs);
Use of bulk containers.

Part 5. Departure procedures:

General provisions;
Marking and danger signs of cargo units, including (IBCs);
Hazard labels and marking of cargo transport units;
Documentation;
Special Provisions.

Part 6 — Design and testing of packagings, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), large packagings, demountable tanks, multiple element gas containers (MEGCs) and tank vehicles:

Regulations on the design and testing of containers;
Regulations on the design and testing of pressure vessels, aerosol dispensers and small containers containing gas (gas cartridges) and sectional fuel cartridges containing liquefied combustible gas;
Regulations on the Design and Testing of Containers for Substances of Infectious Substances of Category A;
Regulations for the design, testing and approval of Class 7 packages and materials;
Regulation on the Design and Testing of Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs);
Regulations on the design and testing of large packagings;
Regulations on the design, construction, inspection and testing of portable tanks and multiple element gas containers (MEGCs);
Regulations on tank trucks;
Regulations on the design, construction, inspection and testing of bulk containers.

Part 7. Provisions concerning transport operations:

Placement of dangerous goods;
Separation of dangerous goods;
Special provisions in the event of an accident and Fire safety related to dangerous goods;
Transportation of cargo transport units on ships;
Transportation of dangerous goods in lighters on lighter carriers;
Temperature control provisions;
Transportation of waste;
Exceptions, approvals and certificates.

Volume 2

Part 3. List of dangerous goods, special provisions and exceptions:

General provisions;
List of dangerous goods;
Special provisions applicable to certain substances, materials and articles;
Limited quantities;
Packing dangerous goods in exceptional quantities.

International Management Code for Safe Operations - ISM Code

International Safety Management Code - means International Safety Management Code safe operation ships and pollution prevention.

Ship safety management

The objectives of an international safety management code are to ensure maritime safety, prevent accidents or loss of life and avoid damage to the environment, in particular the marine environment and property.

International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk - IBC

IBC code- provides an international standard for the safe carriage by sea of hazardous and noxious liquid chemicals in bulk to minimize risks to ships, their crews and the environment, the code provides for the design and construction of ships and the equipment they carry, taking into account the properties of the goods carried .

Safe transportation of chemicals

The purpose of the code is to establish international standard for the safe carriage by sea in bulk of hazardous chemicals and hazardous liquids listed in the code. The Code prescribes standards for the design and construction of ships, regardless of the tonnage used for such transportation, as well as the equipment that they must have, in order to minimize the risk to the ship, its crew and the environment, taking into account the properties of the products transported.

International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk - IGC

This code was developed to provide an international standard for the safe carriage by sea in bulk of liquefied gases and certain other substances. The Code defines the design and construction features of such ships and the equipment they must have.

Equipment for ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk

The purpose of the code is to provide an international standard for the safe transportation by sea, in bulk of liquefied gases and certain other substances, a task for the design and construction of ships involved in such transportation according to the standards. Availability of equipment necessary to minimize the risk to the ship, its crew and the environment, taking into account the properties of the cargo being transported.

International Convention for Safe Containers Code - CSC

The Safe Containers Convention has two goals:

First— maintaining a high level of safety of human life in transport and container handling, providing generally acceptable testing procedures and appropriate strength requirements;
Second- is to relieve international transport containers, providing uniform international safety regulations, are equally applicable to all types of land transport. Thus, the spread of different national safety regulations can be avoided.

The requirements of the convention apply to most freight containers used internationally, with the exception of those designed specifically for transport by air.

Safe cargo containers

The convention restricts minimum size containers, requires the presence of corner fittings - devices that allow you to fasten or stack containers.

Technical Applications

The convention includes two annexes:

Appendix I - includes rules for testing, checking, and maintaining containers;
Appendix II - includes structural safety and test requirements, including details of test procedures.

International Code for the Safe Transport of Solid Bulk Cargoes - IMSB

Provides guidance for bulk carrier owners and captains, charterers, terminal operators and other stakeholders for the safe movement, loading and unloading of solid bulk cargoes. The recommendations contained in the code may be in accordance with terminal and port requirements or national standards.

It primarily covers the safety of ships loading and unloading solid bulk cargoes, with the exception of grain, and reflects current issues, best practices and legal requirements. Broader safety and pollution prevention requirements, issues such as those covered by SOLAS, MARPOL and the Load Line Convention, that were not previously specifically included in the code.

International Code for the Safe Transport of Spent Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and Highly Radioactive Waste in Packages on Ships - SNF Code

The Code establishes the specification of materials and compliance of ships for the transport of radioactive cargo.

The list of materials specified in the code includes:

Irradiated nuclear fuel - material containing uranium, thorium and plutonium isotopes, which was used to support a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction;
Plutonium - the resulting mixture of isotopes as a result of extraction by processing irradiated nuclear fuel;
High levels of radioactive liquid waste generated during the mining and processing of radioactive materials.

The specific provisions in the code cover a number of issues, including:

Damage to stability;
Fire protection;
Temperature control of cargo spaces;
Structural changes;
Cargo fasteners;
Electrical equipment;
Radiological protection of equipment and management plans;
Training of ship's crew in emergency situations.

The Code establishes three categories of ships carrying SNF depending on the total activity of the cargo:

Class INF 1 - ships for the carriage of cargo with a total activity of less than 4000 TBq (radioactivity measurement) or (4 x 1015Bq);
Class INF 2 - ships for the transport of irradiated nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste with a total activity of less than 2 l6TBq, (2 x 1018Bq) and ships that are certified for the transport of plutonium with a total activity of less than 2 105TBq (2 x 1017Bq );
Class INF 3 - ships for the transport of irradiated nuclear fuel or high-level radioactive waste, plutonium, without limiting the maximum total reactivity of materials.

SNF Code— obliges the shipowner to obtain an international certificate of conformity for a vessel for the carriage of dangerous goods and subsequently to carry out surveys in accordance with SOLAS.

Articles 46 and 49 C.F.R. - US Code of Federal Regulations

Article 46 C.F.R.- contains rules on the carriage of dangerous goods in bulk, compatibility of cargoes (Compatibility of Cargoes). A list of incompatible cargoes and rules for handling them are presented. The main document on the compatibility of goods, "Compatibility chart", is presented in the form of a table with the names of goods arranged so that when compared, the required answer is obtained on the compatibility of different types of hazardous and other goods intended for loading.

Subsection C- hazardous materials, the provisions of "Training requirements" (Requirements for training) - contains a description of the requirements for the training of HAZMAT (Hazardous Materials) personnel, that is, all participants in the transport of dangerous goods, methods of warning and safe service of the entire logistics of the movement of dangerous goods. The frequency of training and theoretical training, maintaining the necessary records and reports on the status and possible circumstances.

Article 49 C.F.R.- has the title "Transport of dangerous goods", refers only to the transport of packaged goods and does not apply to goods transported in bulk or in bulk.

It provides for special requirements for officers and ratings responsible for cargo operations on ships carrying packaged hazardous substances.

The training of personnel responsible for carrying out cargo operations in the transport of dangerous goods should consist of three parts:

General part - concepts, definitions, basic requirements for the handling and storage of dangerous goods on board;
Application of the basic principles for the handling of dangerous goods to the operation of a ship;
Ensuring safety - understanding the harmfulness of a particular substance, the use of protective equipment, actions in emergency situations associated with the transport of dangerous goods.

Although all international requirements require that personnel be trained in the handling of dangerous goods every 5 years, the US Coast Guard requires that such personnel be trained at least once every two years. All requirements regarding the execution of shipping documents required for the transport of dangerous goods are specified in subsection "C". When filling out documents, you must follow a certain sequence and requirements.

Firstly, if the hazardous material intended for carriage is not included in the list of these rules, then its description must be entered in the shipping documents in a color that is distinguishable from the text of the document, highlighted with a marker, or the letters "X" or "RQ" must be placed before the name of the material. The description of the material should not contain codes and abbreviations not provided for by these rules.

Secondly, the description of the material may contain additional information about the cargo, if the information does not contradict the required description rules.

Third If shipping documents contain more than one page, then the first page must indicate the total number of pages, and each subsequent page must be marked so that the page number of the total number of pages is indicated.

Fourth, the documents must indicate the telephones for emergency communication in the event of an incident with the cargo, as defined in subsection "C" of these rules.

Marking on dangerous goods

Each package must contain the marking prescribed by these rules and an identification number. Furthermore, if the package contains more than 1,000 gallons of hazardous material, the label must be applied to each side and each end of the package. If the package contains less than 1,000 gallons of hazardous material, the label must be on two opposite sides of the package. The marking must be reliable, made in black or in a color that contrasts with the packaging, the inscriptions must be made on English language, located markings must be separate from all other types of markings.

The main difference between the C.F.R. from IMDG labeling requirements in that C.F.R. provide for special labeling of dangerous goods for domestic transport. In addition to the UN number, the marking must also include the TECHNICAL NAME of the consignment, as well as the sender's address. Further, clear instructions are given regarding the size of inscriptions, their location on containers and transport units, special symbols and designations that are used when marking each hazard class. In accordance with the requirements of these regulations, all dangerous goods are divided into classes.

First Aid Rules for Dangerous Goods Incidents - MFAG

First aid guide medical care in Cases Involving Dangerous Goods (MFAG) is an annex to the International Medical Guidelines for Ships. The guidance given in this manual applies to the substances, materials and articles that are included in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code and the materials included in Annex B of the Code for the Safe Transport of Bulk Cargoes. This guidance should be used in conjunction with information obtained from the IMDG. It is intended to provide advice needed in the diagnosis and treatment of chemical poisoning within the capabilities available on board ship. Information on the treatment of diseases of a general nature and not related to chemical poisoning can be found in the IMGS.

Minor injuries, including chemical ones, usually do not cause serious consequences if the appropriate first aid measures described in this manual are taken. Although the number of known serious accidents is low, incidents, including those involving chemicals that are toxic or corrosive, can be dangerous and should be considered potential serious until each of the victims has fully recovered or until an appropriate medical opinion has been obtained. Any person affected by chemical poisoning should be examined by a doctor at the next port of call.

In the Guidelines, chemicals are grouped in tables according to their chemical properties.
Within a group, there may be varying degrees of toxicity. Where the chemical chemical solution or mixture is classified as N.O.S., i.e. not specifically listed in the IMDG code, they are included in a table that consists of the medical toxicity expected from poisoning with this substance. For such consignments, a number other than those specified in the IMDG Code may be declared if such a number is more appropriate. Sometimes it is not possible to compile a table at all due to the wide variety of possible medical consequences, and for these situations it is given general leadership for the appropriate treatment.

The tables themselves give general information about a separate group of chemicals and indicate a possible toxic effect. The treatment recommended in this guideline is discussed either in the appropriate section or in the appropriate table. However, there are differences between countries on certain types of treatment, and when these differences exist, they differ in the respective national medical guidelines.

Under these circumstances, when it is suspected, but not exactly sure, that the patient is suffering from chemical poisoning, you should familiarize yourself with the right information in the Poisoning Diagnosis section of this manual.

When and by whom introduced

The International Maritime Organization (abbreviated as IMO) began developing the Dangerous Goods Code in the mid-1960s.

This document was considered an annex to the existing and successfully operating Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea.

The final version of the Code was adopted on September 27, 1965. The document was signed by representatives of more than 68 countries. At first, the document was purely advisory in nature and was not mandatory for precise execution.

The document was revised in 2002. IN more The amendments affected specifically the transportation by sea of goods classified as dangerous.

At the same time, a decision was made to introduce the duty of punctual execution of all clauses of the Code from January 1, 2004.

The main purpose of the Code is to ensure maximum safety:

expanses of water in order to preserve the flora and fauna of reservoirs that are public property;
crews of ships directly involved in transportation;
port employees who load and unload ships.

The provisions of the document apply to all ships carrying hazardous substances, regardless of their type and size.

Transport Hazards

When transporting goods by sea vehicles may encounter:

with force majeure circumstances, which include: tsunami, storm, unmarked shoals, and so on. Such hazards are beyond the control of the crew members and cannot be foreseen in advance. Therefore, any crew must be able to cope with critical situations;
with insufficient preparation of the team operating the ship, it is possible to stray from the previously planned course. As a result of an error, goods that have certain conditions for transportation;
with extraordinary circumstances caused by improper packaging or labeling of hazardous substances;

The ship's crew must not only be able to act in a coordinated and fast manner, but also be educated enough to find out in the shortest possible time what means can be used to prevent pollution of the sea and the environment.

with a long time of transportation, there may be problems with the conditions of transportation of dangerous goods;
the possibility of deploying military operations, the seizure of a ship by pirates, and so on is not ruled out. Such situations also apply to unforeseen circumstances.

Requirements

The International Code also imposes certain requirements on:

transport companies organizing the transportation of hazardous substances and materials;
ship crew;
directly to the vehicle itself;
tare and packaging, as well as labeling of transported substances.

To companies

A transport company engaged in organizing the transportation of dangerous goods by sea must have a permit - a license to engage in such activities.

To get permission you need:

prepare loading points for dangerous goods in accordance with all requirements;
equip ships with safety equipment;
train personnel who will perform work on loading (unloading) hazardous substances.

The company is obliged to constantly monitor:

good condition of port equipment;
the serviceability of the ships making voyages;
staff qualifications.

It is also the responsibility of the responsible persons to conduct periodic safety briefings when working with hazardous substances.

To personnel on ships and in port

Employees of the company, who are officials and are responsible for the preparation of transportation, must know:

existing rules for the transportation of hazardous substances;
safety rules during loading and unloading operations;
a list of documents required for cargo escort;
types of danger and ways to eliminate them when working with certain types of dangerous goods;
ways of packing goods that ensure maximum safety along the route of a sea vessel;
signs of marking of hazardous materials;
methods of placement and fastening of containers on board the vessel;
ways to prevent critical situations;
rules for providing first aid in case of emergency.

Responsible employees are required to complete a training course, pass qualification exams and obtain appropriate certificates.

The ship's crew, including the captain and the person in charge of safety, must know:

general rules for the transportation of substances harmful to the environment and human health;
a list of goods on board the ship and ways to eliminate the existing danger;
conditions of carriage certain types substances;
methods of eliminating the consequences of emergency situations;
safety precautions in case of critical situations;
methods of providing first aid.

It is provided both for officials responsible for the preparation of delivery and transportation itself, and for companies whose employees are responsible persons.

to floating facilities

A ship intended for the transportation of harmful substances must undergo a pre-trip inspection and obtain permission to carry out transportation. The admission of the ship is recorded in the Register certificate.

To go through technical inspection, the vehicle must be equipped with:

an independent ventilation system in the cargo compartment, which excludes the possibility of ignition of the transported goods;
fire alarm and automatic water fire system;
necessary to maintain a certain temperature regime during the delivery of goods, special containers are required, which are attached to the board of the vessel;
all electrical equipment of the ship must be protected by a fire and explosion-proof shell;
premises for the carriage of dangerous goods should be located at the maximum possible distance from the cabins belonging to the ship's service personnel;
all pipes that remove combustion products from engines and other devices must be equipped with spark arresters and spark arresters;
cargo compartments are equipped with air temperature and humidity sensors.

Vessels must additionally be equipped with:

portable fire extinguishers;
breathing apparatus;
complete sets of clothing for chemical protection.

In addition to the basic requirements, there are additional ones. Before each flight must be carried out:

cleaning and wet cleaning of premises intended for the carriage of goods;
examination technical condition all the main components of the ship and safety life support systems.

To containers and packaging

Separate requirements apply to containers in which hazardous substances are transported, packaging and labeling.

Packaging used for the transport of dangerous goods must be:

well made and in good condition;
it is made of materials inert in relation to substances;
able to protect goods in a critical situation.

Distinguish the following types packages depending on the type of transported substance:

hermetic packaging is used to transport substances in a gaseous state;
an effectively closed or moisture-tight package is used to transport liquids;
securely closed packaging for the transport of bulk solids.

If substances are transported in small packages, they must be loaded into other, larger containers.

Please note that not all substances can be transported together in one package. The placement of goods on the ship is carried out by a responsible person under the supervision of the captain of the ship.

All individual packages and containers must be marked with danger signs. The sign corresponding to the cargo being transported must be pasted on both small and large containers, and the sign is always duplicated.

reflect:

a visual symbol of a possible problem, for example, if the substance is prone to self-ignition, then a fire is depicted;
letter designation of the image;
hazard class number according to the substance being transported.

In some cases, other information may be displayed on the signs, for example, when transporting radioactive substances, it is recommended to indicate the exact name of the substance and the level of contamination.

If several containers are transported various kinds dangerous substances, then all danger signs are pasted on the surface of the container.

Information about the signs is also reflected in the emergency cards kept by the responsible person. Each emergency card contains a code consisting of numbers and letters, which should be followed in the event of a critical situation.

Responsibility for violations of the international code for the carriage of dangerous goods by sea

For non-compliance with the requirements for the carriage of dangerous goods by sea, liability may be assigned to:

on transport company dealing with the organization of transportation;
to the person responsible for loading and marking;
to the ship's crew commander;
to the responsible person accompanying the cargo to its destination.

The company and its employees are responsible for:

mislabeling of substances;
improper loading of substances;
loading of substances that are not reflected in the accompanying documents.

Persons accompanying the cargo, including the commander of the ship's crew, are responsible for:

compliance with the conditions of transportation of substances;
the correctness of taking the measures required by the rules in case of emergency.

Responsibility may be:

administrative i.e. in the form of penalties. Administrative responsibility is applied exclusively in case of non-compliance with minor conditions that did not entail the onset of environmental consequences;
criminal. In case of causing irreparable consequences to world resources.

Possible consequences of non-compliance with the rules

The main consequences of incorrect transportation of dangerous goods by sea vessels can be:

sea pollution. Violation of the general ecological situation both in a separate region and neighboring regions;
destruction of the flora and fauna of the sea.

The consequences may affect not only environmental safety, but also the vessel itself, as well as its crew. Improper transportation of hazardous substances can lead to fire and the complete destruction of the ship and its crew.

Failure to comply with the conditions regarding the work with harmful substances can cause serious illness, injury and, as a result, disability.

The deterioration of the ecological situation can also affect the surrounding people, also causing severe forms of various diseases and injuries. With special care in this regard, it is required to approach toxic and radioactive substances.

47.) Actions to provide assistance to a ship in distress and rescue people after its death.

48. Phase rns. Accurate navigation systems uds. Accuracy score.

49. Determination of a place by stars and planets. Accuracy score.

50. Management of towing trains and their formation.

51. Characteristics of personal computers. Tasks solved with their help on board.

52. Determination of the compass correction.

53. Tropical cyclones and divergence from them.

54. Drawing up a cargo plan

55. Sextant alignment

1. Checking the parallelism of the optical axis of the telescope to the plane of the azimuth limb

2. Checking the perpendicularity of the large mirror to the plane of the azimuth limb

3. Checking the perpendicularity of the small mirror to the plane of the azimuth limb

56. Radar navigation

1. Way of fan of bearings and distances.

2. The method of traverse distances (Fig. 21.2).

21.3.2. Determination of the vessel's position by distances to several landmarks

1. Distances are measured to point landmarks (Fig. 21.3).

2. Distances are measured to a section of the coastline with smooth outlines and a “point” landmark (Fig. 21.4).

3. Distances are measured to sections of the coastline with smooth outlines (Fig. 21.5).

21.3.3. Determination of the position of the vessel by radar bearing and distance to one reference point (Fig. 21.6)

57. International documents on the safe transportation of goods

58. Ship Chronometer. Measuring time on board. Greenwich, international, standard corrected, standard, local and ship time.

59.Signals of ship alarms. Responsibilities of crew members on alert. Emergency parties, composition and supply. Training of members of emergency parties and groups.

60. Control of the technical condition of the ship. Classification societies for technical supervision

61. Reading Ukrainian, English and Russian navigation charts. Symbols on the maps.

62. Anchor device

63. Transportation of dangerous goods. Dangerous Goods Code (imdg-Code)

Part I - Information and instructions for all dangerous goods, including Alphabetical and UN numeric lists

Part II - Classes 1, 2 and 3:

Part III - Classes 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.1 and 5.2:

Part IV - Classes 6.1, 6.2, 7, 8 and 9:

64. A selection of English or Russian maps and transition aids. Navigation study and preparation for the transition.

65. Cargo device. Luke closures. Strength rating. Rules of technical operation.

66. Bulk cargo transportation

67. Organization of watchkeeping service when sailing in special circumstances

69.Features of cargo transportation on tankers

70. Manual "Ocean Ways of the World". recommended paths. Traffic separation systems. Principles for choosing a transition path.

71. Characteristics of waves and wave elements. Storming ships. Diagrams of Remez and Bogdanov

72. International Convention on Load Lines 1966 Types of ship cargo marks. Buoyancy reserve

72. International Convention on Load Lines 1966. Types of load lines. Reserve of buoyancy.

73. English and Russian sailing directions.

74. Solas Convention 74

75. Trim and roll elimination using court. Documentation and instruments

76. Precalculation of the height of tides and tidal currents from tables and maps

77. International Convention on the Training, Certification and Watchkeeping of Seafarers (pdnv 78/95)

78. Control of general and local strength using ship documentation and instruments.

79. Symbols on facsimile maps of weather and waves.

80. International Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Pollution (Marpol 73/78) and the Prevention of Oil Spills (Oilpol)

81. The main currents in the oceans.

82. Main characteristics of baric formations: cyclones, anticyclones, fronts

83. Basic ship documents and bridge documentation

84. Ensuring the unsinkability of an emergency ship. Operational information on unsinkability

85. System of fencing navigational hazards mams

86. Navigation of ships in special cases

87. International Code for the Management of the Safety of Ships and the Protection of the Environment (ICB)

88. Feeding rivers. Features of the spring, summer and winter regime. Currents in the river flow

89. Information to the captain about the stability and strength of the vessel, its use in drawing up the cargo plan of the vessel.

90. Merchant Shipping Code of Ukraine

63. Transportation of dangerous goods. Dangerous Goods Code (imdg-Code)

Requirements for ships carrying dangerous goods.

Vessels that have a corresponding entry in the Register Classification Certificate may be admitted to the carriage of dangerous goods. Only those classes of dangerous goods that are specified in this entry may be transported. A ship not specially adapted for the carriage of dangerous goods may be retrofitted and presented to the Register in order to obtain an appropriate entry in the Classification Certificate.

Prior to the commencement of loading dangerous goods onto a ship, the ship administration is obliged to check the readiness of the ship for carriage. The complex of preparatory activities includes:

cleaning, washing and drying of cargo spaces;

checking the technical condition of the ship's equipment - fire extinguishing equipment, fire alarm systems, gas analyzers of lighting systems, drainage systems, ventilation systems, etc.;

instructing crew members about the properties of the cargo, the nature of its danger, types of cargo packaging, the purpose of danger signs, stowage rules, precautionary methods and first aid for victims, safety rules; with the emergency party, it is necessary to conduct classes on developing methods for extinguishing fires and eliminating emergency spills and scattering of cargo.

The captain is fully responsible for the readiness of the vessel for the carriage of dangerous goods.

Requirements for tare and packaging. Placement of dangerous goods on board.

The requirements for tare and packing of each dangerous goods are given in the card for the goods and in the sections of transportation of a particular class of goods. The strength of the packaging must be such that it can withstand the normal conditions of sea transport and protect the cargo from leakage, shaking and shrinkage. The MOPOG Rules define the types of closures for containers for dangerous goods: hermetically sealed - vapor-tight closures; effectively closed - capping, impervious to liquid; securely closed - a closure in which the dry contents cannot spill out under normal handling and handling conditions.

The material used for the manufacture of containers must be inert with respect to the cargo or have a special coating of inert material at the points of contact with the cargo. On ships carrying dangerous goods, detailed cargo plans should be drawn up indicating the location of each individual consignment, cargo class, number of pieces and weight, type of packaging. If the cargo is flammable, then the cargo plan is agreed with the representatives of the VOKhR, and if the cargo is dangerous in sanitary terms, then with the representatives of the sanitary and epidemiological station. The compatibility of dangerous goods of various classes is determined by the compatibility table (see RID Marginal Regulations No. 400, 464, 509 and p. 67513).

The cargo is placed on the ship at the discretion of the captain, however, it cannot be loaded onto the deck without the written consent of the sender. If dangerous goods are stowed on deck, they must not occupy more than half of the deck area. At the same time, a free passage with a width of at least 1 m must be provided to fire horns, measuring tubes of bilges, deck mechanisms and devices, and the working area of \u200b\u200bthe mechanisms and devices must be at least 1 by 1 m. The load must be securely fastened to it it is necessary to ensure the possibility of free access, both in normal and emergency situations; it must be protected from the effects of sea water and meteorological factors. Flammable goods must be stowed at least 7.5 m from lifeboats.

When placing dangerous goods below deck, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of monitoring the condition of the cargo in flight, as well as fighting fire and accidents. To do this, it is necessary not to load the manholes in the holds and on the tween decks, which ensure the descent of people into the hold. When stowing dangerous cargo, the goal is to be able to access the cargo in order to eliminate an accident and extract all or part of the cargo from the cargo space.

The cargo should be stowed in tight stacks, excluding its movement, with the provision of adequate ventilation (aeration) of the entire cargo loaded into the hold, and, if necessary, of each individual stack of cargo. The stacking height of each type of dangerous goods is determined by the strength of the container and packaging. It is indicated in the cargo card.

Shipping dangerous goods regulated by the rules of Chapter VII of the SOLAS Convention.

In accordance with these rules, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed and is constantly improving the International Code for the Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Sea (IC RID)

MK RID consists of 4 parts and additions:

International Maritime Code dangerous goods, MMOG (International maritime danger outs goods-code, IMDG-Code)

The Code includes an alphabetical list of dangerous goods, containing more than 5,000 items as of 01.01.09).

All dangerous goods have a UN number in addition to the shipping name. The UN number is the number assigned by the "UN Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods" to a particular substance or article. The shipping name of a dangerous goods is the name given in the "Dangerous Goods List" (DGL Dangerous Goods Lists) in the MMTF.

In accordance with Part 2 of the IMTF, all dangerous goods carried water transport are divided into 9 classes:

Class 1 - Explosives;

Class 2 - Gases compressed, liquefied or dissolved under pressure;

Class 3 - Flammable liquids;

Class 4.1 - Flammable solids;

Class 4.2 - Substances liable to spontaneous combustion;

Class 4.3 - Substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases;

Class 5.1 - Oxidizing substances;

Class 5.2 - Organic peroxides;

Class 6.1 - Toxic (toxic) substances;

Class 6.2 - Infectious substances;

Class 7 - Radioactive substances;

Class 8 - Caustic and corrosive substances;

Class 9 - Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles.

If a dangerous goods is not listed in the IMDG DGL or in the UN Recommendations, it is assigned the term N.O.S. (not specified) - Not Otherwise Specified (N. O. S). Being dangerous, the cargo must be classified according to the danger (at the request of the consignor or the certificate of laboratory tests).

Dangerous goods containers must be marked with their correct technical name.

Dangerous goods packagings must bear distinctive hazard signs, either in the form of labels or posters or stencilled on packages, as appropriate, clearly indicating the hazardous properties of the goods contained.

The methods of affixing labels or placards to dangerous goods packagings by the correct technical name, or affixing hazard labels to them by stencilling, shall be such that this information remained legible on containers immersed in sea water for at least three months.

Such markings and labels, whether in the form of labels or stenciled, must appear on all dangerous goods packagings except:

2) cases when special circumstances allow the container to be packed and reloaded with enlarged packages having distinctive signs of danger.

Stowage and securing of dangerous goods

Dangerous goods must be loaded, stowed and secured safely and properly in accordance with the nature of the goods. Incompatible loads must be separated from each other.

Explosives (with the exception of ammunition) that pose a serious hazard must be stowed in special rooms that are securely locked during the voyage. Such explosives must be separated from the detonators. Electrical equipment and cables in all spaces in which explosives are transported must be designed and used in such a way as to minimize the risk of fire or explosion.

Dangerous goods transported in containers that emit dangerous vapors must be stowed in a mechanically ventilated room or on deck. Dangerous goods carried in bulk which emit dangerous vapors must be stowed in well ventilated spaces.

On ships carrying flammable liquids or gases, special precautions must be taken to prevent fire or explosion.

Substances capable of self-heating or spontaneous combustion must not be transported without proper precautions being taken to reduce the risk of fire to a minimum.

All cargoes other than bulk and liquid cargoes must be loaded, stowed and secured throughout the voyage in accordance with the Cargo Securing Manual approved by the Administration.

Packaging for the transport of dangerous goods

The packaging of dangerous goods must:

be of high quality and in good condition;

have such an internal surface that is not amenable to the hazardous effects of the contents in case of possible contact with it;

withstand the normal risks of loading and unloading and transportation by sea.

The absorbent or cushioning material used to pack liquid receptacles must:

1) minimize the hazard that the liquid can cause;

2) exclude the movement of the vessel and fit it from all sides;

3) as far as reasonable and practicable, be in an amount sufficient to absorb liquid in case of damage to the vessel.

Cylinders or receptacles for pressurized gases must be properly constructed, tested, properly filled and maintained in good condition.

Empty, uncleaned receptacles in which dangerous goods have been carried should be subject to the rules applicable to filled receptacles, unless appropriate measures have been taken to make such empty receptacles perfectly safe.