Products made from low-alloy structural steel 09G2S are in demand in many industries, which is supported by a wide range of products of this brand. Thanks to your physical properties, steel 09G2S has deservedly taken its position in the markets of modern supply and demand. The characteristics of 09G2S steel make it possible to use it as the main material in the manufacture of parts that are designed to operate in the temperature range of the working environment from -70 ºС to + 425 ºС, which attracts the attention of even more designers when designing products.
Before moving on to a detailed consideration of the chemical composition, you need to understand what the decoding of 09G2S steel means. The letters “C” and “G” indicate that the alloy contains manganese and silicon. But in what quantity? Let's figure it out.
The first digit at the beginning of the brand name indicates the amount of carbon contained in the alloy and is displayed in hundredths. Accordingly, the percentage of carbon in the 09G2S alloy is approximately 0.09. The following figures show the content of alloying elements: this alloy contains about 2% manganese and less than 1% silicon.
In addition to the main alloying elements, the chemical composition of 09G2S steel contains the following components of the periodic table:
| Chemical element | Content in steel, % |
| C | Less than 0.12 |
| Si | 0,5…0,8 |
| Mn | 1,3…1,7 |
| Ni | Less than 0.3 |
| S | Less than 0.035 |
| P | Less than 0.03 |
| Cr | Less than 0.3 |
| V | Less than 0.12 |
| N | Less than 0.008 |
| Cu | Less than 0.3 |
| As | Less than 0.08 |
The total amount of alloying components in low-alloy alloys does not exceed 2.5%. The specific gravity of 09G2S steel is 7850 kg/m3, but it should be noted that the density of the steel is not constant and may have a slight spread of values, which are directly dependent on the amount of alloying elements. But in any case, the relatively low weight of the finished product, in which steel of this grade was used in the manufacture of parts, has a great advantage compared to other heavier alloys.
Physical properties
Structural steel 09G2S has a high ability to maintain its characteristics when operating under pressure over a wide temperature range, is durable, resistant to loads with a variable force vector, and is also subject to heat treatment, which has a significant impact on mechanical properties.
The linear expansion coefficient (LEC), which describes the ability of alloys to maintain their volume with increasing temperature at a constant pressure, changes by only 2.4 × 10-6 units when the temperature changes from 100 ºС to 500 ºС (1.14 × 10-5 at 100 ºС versus 1.38×10-5 at 500 ºС). A visual description of the linear expansion characteristics is given below:
Despite the fact that 09G2S steel is low-alloy, it does not exhibit such a property as flake sensitivity. The low presence of carbon in the alloy provides a satisfactory indicator of the weldability of parts made of steel of this grade. It should be noted that the high carbon content in alloys when it burns out leads to the appearance of additional micropores, as well as to the formation of a hardening structure, which negatively affects the quality weld, but this is not observed in steel 09G2S.
Welding of steel 09G2S is not demanding on the type of electrodes and can be carried out using welding methods such as manual arc, electroslag, automatic arc welding submerged and gas protected. The 09G2S alloy has no restrictions on the weldability of the material, and rolled sheet parts with a cross-section of up to 40 mm can be welded without preliminary cutting of the edges. Parts prepared for welding do not require additional chemical or heat treatment. The migration of alloying elements over the entire cross-section of the weld ensures its high strength characteristics and, at the same time, good technical indicators impact strength.
To reduce the signs of a hardening structure that inevitably forms during welding, the welded product should be subjected to high-temperature tempering with a heating temperature of 600 to 660 ºС. Cooling of the product should be slow, with the oven, which will help avoid warping of its individual parts. It is allowed not to carry out heat treatment of parts that have undergone welding and have a cross-sectional thickness of up to 36 mm.
Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of steel 09G2S describe the following characteristics for long and shaped rolled products with a cross section of up to 10 mm:
| Type of mechanical characteristics | Testing temperature, ºС | Meaning | ||
| Temporary resistance | Ϭ 0.2, MPa | +20 (room) | 345 | |
| Tensile strength | Ϭ V, MPa | 490 | ||
| Elongation | δ5,% | 21 | ||
| Impact strength | KCU | 64 | ||
| KSU -40 | -40 | 39 | ||
| KCU-60 | -60 | 34 | ||
In order to determine the strength class (ST) of the test sample, you should refer to GOST 19281-2014, which shows in detail all the key characteristics that should be relied upon when conducting tests or assessing the finished protocol for the strength category.
It is worth remembering that this mechanical indicator directly depends on the chemical set of the corresponding components, and the presence of a higher percentage of any element can play a key role in the formation of strength indicators when processing this steel.
Depending on the strength class, such an indicator of mechanical characteristics as hardness also changes. The relationship between these two indicators is direct: the higher the strength category of the material, the higher the hardness value. Typically, the hardness of low-alloy alloys is measured using the Brinell method, and the hardness indicator is indicated in HBW units, but depending on the requirements for the product and the place of inspection (base material or weld material), the hardness measurement method may change. In this case, the hardness of the material can be expressed in units on the Rockwell, Vickers, etc. scale.
The mode of heat treatment of steel is assigned according to critical points:
Depending on the required mechanical properties, the heat treatment mode is assigned. Normalization and hardening of 09G2S steel takes place at high temperature heating from 930 to 950 ºС. The dependence of mechanical properties on the tempering temperature is given below:
| Temperature, °C | Yield strength | Tensile strength, | Elongation, | Relative narrowing |
| 20 | 295×106 | 405×106 | 30 | 66 |
| 100 | 270×106 | 415×106 | 29 | 68 |
| 200 | 265×106 | 430×106 | — | — |
| 300 | 220×106 | 435×106 | — | — |
| 400 | 205×106 | 410×106 | 27 | 63 |
| 500 | 185×106 | 315×106 | — | 63 |
As the table shows, the higher temperature regime concomitant tempering, the lower the tear resistance of the alloy.
Heat treatment promotes the formation of an alloy with a two-phase structure, the grain dispersion of which determines the main indicators of the mechanical properties of the material.
Download GOST 19281-2014
Description of steel 09G2S: Most often, rolled products from this steel grade are used for various building structures due to high mechanical strength, which allows the use of thinner elements than when using other steels. The stability of properties over a wide temperature range allows the use of parts from this grade in the temperature range from -70 to +450 C. Also, easy weldability allows the production of complex structures from sheet metal of this grade for the chemical, oil, construction, shipbuilding and other industries. Using hardening and tempering, high-quality pipeline fittings are produced. High mechanical resistance to low temperatures also makes it possible to successfully use pipes from 09G2S in the north of the country.
The brand is also widely used for welded structures. Welding can be carried out both without heating and with preheating to 100-120 C. Since there is little carbon in steel, its welding is quite simple, and the steel is not hardened or overheated during the welding process, due to which there is no decrease in plastic properties or increasing its granularity. The advantages of using this steel also include the fact that it is not prone to temper brittleness and its toughness does not decrease after tempering. The above properties explain the ease of using 09G2S over other steels with a high carbon content or additives that cook less well and change properties after heat treatment. For welding 09G2S, you can use any electrodes designed for low-alloy and low-carbon steels, for example E42A and E50A. If sheets up to 40 mm thick are welded, then welding is carried out without cutting the edges. When using multilayer welding, cascade welding is used with a current of 40-50 Amps per 1 mm of electrode to prevent overheating of the welding site. After welding, it is recommended to heat the product to 650 C, then hold it at the same temperature for 1 hour for every 25 mm of rolled product thickness, after which the product is cooled in air or in hot water - due to this, the hardness of the weld in the welded product increases and tension zones are eliminated.
Properties of steel 09G2S: s Tal 09G2 after treatment for a two-phase structure has an increased endurance limit; at the same time, the number of cycles to failure in the low-cycle fatigue region increases approximately 3–3.5 times.
Hardening of DFMS (double-phase ferritic-martensitic steels) creates areas of martensite: every 1% of the martensitic component in the structure increases the tensile strength by approximately 10 MPa, regardless of the strength and geometry of the martensite phase. The isolation of small areas of martensite and the high plasticity of ferrite significantly facilitate the initial plastic deformation. Characteristic sign ferritic-martensitic steels - the absence of a yield area on the tensile diagram. With the same value of the total ( δ total) and uniform ( δ p) DFMS extensions have greater strength and a lower ratio σ 0,2 /σ in (0.4-0.6) than conventional low-alloy steels. At the same time, resistance to small plastic deformations ( σ 0.2) for DFMS is lower than for steels with a ferrite-pearlite structure.
At all strength levels, all indicators of technological plasticity of DFMS ( σ 0,2 /σ V, δ R, δ generally, Erichsen hood, deflection, cup height, etc.), in addition to the hole distribution, exceed similar indicators of conventional steels.
The increased technological ductility of DFMS allows them to be used for sheet stamping of parts of fairly complex configurations, which is an advantage of these steels over other high-strength steels.
The corrosion resistance of DFMS is at the level of corrosion resistance of deep drawing steels.
DFMS are welded satisfactorily by the method spot welding. The endurance limit for alternating bending is for the weld and base metal ( σ в = 550 MPa) respectively 317 and 350 MPa, i.e. 50 and 60% о in the base metal.
In the case of using DFMS for parts with massive sections, when it is necessary to ensure sufficient hardenability, it is advisable to use compositions with a high content of manganese or with the addition of chromium, boron, etc.
The economic efficiency of using DFMS, which is more expensive than low-carbon steels, is determined by the savings in the mass of parts (by 20-25%). The use of DFMS in some cases makes it possible to eliminate the strengthening heat treatment of parts, for example, high-strength fasteners produced by cold heading.
Designations adopted in table. 50*:
a) shaped steel with a thickness of up to 11 mm, and in agreement with the manufacturer – up to 20 mm; sheet – all thicknesses;
b) requirement to limit carbon equivalent for thicknesses over 20 mm;
c) requirement to limit carbon equivalent for all thicknesses;
d) for region II 4, for unheated buildings and structures operated at outdoor temperatures, use rolled products with a thickness of no more than 10 mm;
e) with a rolled product thickness of no more than 11 mm, category 3 steel may be used;
f) except for the supports of overhead lines, outdoor switchgear and CC;
g) rolled products up to 10 mm thick and taking into account the requirements of section. 10;
i) except for region II 4 for unheated buildings and structures operated at outside air temperature.
The "+" sign means that this steel should be used; sign " – " means that this steel should not be used in the specified climatic region.
Notes: 1. The requirements of this table do not apply to steel structures of special structures: main and process pipelines, special-purpose tanks, casings of blast furnaces and air heaters, etc. Steels for these structures are established by the relevant SNiP or other regulatory documents.
2. The requirements of this table apply to sheet metal with a thickness of 2 mm and shaped steel with a thickness of 4 mm, long products (round, square, strip) according to TU 14-1-3023 – 80, GOST 380 – 71** (since 1990 GOST 535 - 88) and GOST 19281 – 73*. The specified steel categories refer to rolled products with a thickness of at least 5 mm. For thicknesses less than 5 mm, the steels listed in the table are used without requirements for impact strength.
For structures of all groups, except group 1 and supports of overhead lines and outdoor switchgear, in all climatic regions, except I 1, it is allowed to use rolled products with a thickness of less than 5 mm from steel C235.
3. Climatic regions of construction are established in accordance with “Climate of the USSR. Zoning and statistical parameters climatic factors for technical purposes." The calculated temperatures indicated in the head of the table in brackets correspond to the outside air temperature of the corresponding area, which is taken to be the average temperature of the coldest five-day period in accordance with the instructions of SNiP for construction climatology and geophysics.
4. Structures that are directly exposed to dynamic, vibration or moving loads include structures or their elements that are subject to endurance calculations or calculated taking into account dynamic coefficients.
5. With appropriate feasibility study, steels S345, S375, S440, S590, S590K, 16G2AF can be ordered as steels with increased corrosion resistance (with copper) – S345D, S375D, S440D, S590D, S590KD, 16G2AFD.
6. The use of heat-strengthened shaped bars from steel S345T and S375T, supplied as steel S345 and S375, heat-strengthened by rolling heating, is not allowed in structures that, during manufacture, are subject to metallization or plastic deformation at temperatures above 700 ° C.
7. Seamless hot-deformed pipes according to GOST 8731 – 87 may only be used for elements of special supports of large transitions of power lines with a height of more than 60 m, for antenna communication structures and other special structures, and the following steel grades should be used:
in all climatic regions, except I 1, I 2, II 2 and II 3, grade 20 according to GOST 8731 – 87, but with an additional requirement for impact strength at a temperature of minus 20 ° С not less than 30 J/cm2 (3kgf × m/cm 2);
in climatic regions I 2, II 2 and II 3 - brand 09G2S according to GOST 8731 – 87, but with an additional requirement for impact strength at a temperature of minus 40 ° C at least 40 J / cm 2 (4 kgf × m/cm 2) with a wall thickness of up to 9 mm and 35 J/cm 2 (3.5 kgf × m/cm 2) with a wall thickness of 10 mm or more.
It is not allowed to use seamless hot-deformed pipes made from ingots marked with the letter “L” that have not been tested by non-destructive methods.
8. For long products (round, square, strip) according to TU 14-1-3023 – 80, GOST 380 – 71* (since 1990 GOST 535 - 88) and GOST 19281 – 73* the same requirements are imposed as for shaped rolled products of the same thickness in . Conformity of steel grades according to TU 14-1-3023 – 80, GOST 380 – 71*, GOST 19281 – 73* and * steels should be determined according to table. 51, b.
| Name of the characteristics of the mechanical properties of steel 09g2s. σ0.2 | SECTION mm | conditional yield strength of steel 09g2s is equal to N/mm2 |
- | - | - | - |
GOST 5520-79. |
up to 5 | 345 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 5520-79. |
5 to 10 | 345 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 5520-79. |
from 10 to 20 | 325 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 5520-79. |
over 20 to 32 | 305 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 5520-79. |
over 32 to 60 | 285 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 5520-79. |
over 60 to 80 | 275 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 5520-79. |
over 80 to 160 | 265 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 5520-79. |
from 4 to 160 | No | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. GOST 19281-89. |
to 10 | 345 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Metal sheets, flat and wide rolled products in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 10 to 20 | 325 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Metal sheets, flat and wide rolled products in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 20 to 32 | 295 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Metal sheets, flat and wide rolled products in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 32 to 160 | 265 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. GOST 19281-89. |
over up to 10 | 345 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Long and shaped rolled metal in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 10 to 20 | 325 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Long and shaped rolled metal in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 20 to 32 | 295 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Long and shaped rolled metal in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 32 to 160 | 265 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. GOST 19281-89. |
over up to 10 | 345 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Bent metal profiles in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 10 to 20 | 325 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Bent metal profiles in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 20 to 32 | 295 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Bent metal profiles in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 32 to 160 | 265 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. GOST 19281-89. |
over up to 10 | 345 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Metal strip, rolled strip in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 10 to 20 | 325 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Metal strip, rolled strip in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 20 to 32 | 295 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Metal strip, rolled strip in hot-rolled or heat-treated condition. GOST 19281-89. |
over 32 to 160 | 265 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Heat treatment with rolling heating. TU 302.02.009-89. |
10 - 40 | 340 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Normalization. TU 14-3-1128-82. |
diameter 57 - 325, wall thickness 4 - 10 | 265 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. Normalization. TU 14-3-1128-82. |
diameter 57 - 325, wall thickness more than 10 | No | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot rolled condition. TU 14-1-5035-91. |
to 10 | 345 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot rolled condition. TU 14-1-5035-91. |
over 10 to 20 | 326 | - | - | - | - |
| conditional yield strength steel 09g2s. In hot rolled condition. TU 14-1-5035-91. |
over 20 to 32 | 295 | - | - | - | - |
Metal, steel grade ST09g2s is a durable and hard material that can withstand various loads without collapsing and retaining its shape. This is why it is valued, which is why it is used in different design, parts, tools. This is a general, completely understandable “thesis”. Theoretically, ST09g2s metal can “respond” to the load in two “ways”. Take it over and not change in its shape or deform a little, but after removing the load, return to its previous state. In the extreme case, without removing the load, the changed shape of the part must remain constant, and the steel part itself will be in a “stressed” state. This indicates that the metal is “in the zone” of elastic deformation. This is exactly how everything should happen in regular situations, which is true for any correctly calculated design.
However, in practice, there is a certain “threshold” for ST 09g2s steel. A situation can always arise when the applied load is already so great that parts or structural elements made of an alloy - metal of the ST09g2s brand begin to change their shape under its influence. What is called the occurrence of plastic deformations in the metal, which replaced the elastic ones, with which the part coped well with lower loads. (Attention! Do not confuse, the yield strength with the elastic limit of steel are different values, although they are close in absolute value). So, the beginning of the occurrence of plastic deformations in the metal is the “beginning of the end”. An abnormal situation for which a steel structure or metal part is no longer “ready”. From the “household” point of view, the ST09g2s steel sample is still quite strong, but from the technological side, it can no longer meet the requirements and cannot be used for its intended purpose. Its strength is compromised because the shape of the sample has changed. That is why, in any calculations that take into account the strength of the metal, knowledge of the "threshold" is more than important. The load at which the metal part “leaves the zone” of elastic deformations and “enters the zone” of plastic deformations begins to irreversibly change its shape, the flow is what it is: the technological yield strength of ST09g2s steel. The physical yield strength of a metal is a similar, but slightly different characteristic. In physics, one usually operates with the magnitude of the load located "at the other end" of the curve. Not the one at which plastic deformation begins, but the one at which complete destruction of the metal sample occurs - rupture. This is where “discrepancies” arise, the meaning of which boils down to the fact that the same grade of alloy ST 09g2s is characterized by two yield limits - objective physical and conditional technological. Naturally, like any load, mechanical stress or force, the yield strength of ST09g2s steel, like the tensile strength, is measured in the same way, in the same units. We remember - the physical units of load measurement are kg/mm2 or - N/m2. For GOSTs and TUs, the option of measuring load in MPa is used; you can often find mechanical stress indicated in values such as KGS/mm2. There is no “exotic” here.
It must be said that the yield strength of ST 09g2s steel is a rather “inconvenient” physical characteristic of the alloy. For example, mass or specific gravity metal is also a physical characteristic that does not depend on almost anything. Neither from the production technology of this grade of steel, nor from the methods of influencing the metal. We can heat a sample, harden it, process it, give it any shape, the mass will remain a constant characteristic. With the yield strength of ST09g2s steel, everything is more difficult. This is a physical characteristic of a given grade of metal, which very much depends on “a bunch of circumstances.” For example, the thickness, as well as the shape of the sample (to a lesser extent), affect the value of the yield strength. Heat treatment, the same hardening or welding, even the tempering mode after heating, significantly changes the value of the yield strength of a part made of ST 09g2s steel. The presence of impurities in the alloy, additives, additives, that is, a slight change in the chemical composition, will immediately affect the value of the yield strength. Moreover, the technology for producing ST 09g2s steel, during its manufacture, determines the microstructure of the metal, the type of crystal lattice, while simultaneously changing the value of the sample’s yield strength. Most of all, this physical characteristic of the metal depends on temperature. The higher the heating temperature of the sample, the more readily and easily the steel flows - it “enters the zone” of plastic deformation.
That is why the yield strength of ST 09g2s steel is defined not as a general physical constant characteristic of this grade of metal in general, but in each specific case as specific. There are several of them, although there is only one steel. Typically, the yield strength of ST09g2s steel is indicated for variants of long rolled metal products, the production of which requires strict GOST standards (uniform standards), including for size, shape, and production technology. And, as background information, the yield strength of ST 09g2s steel in the table is given for: a fixed temperature - usually 20 degrees Celsius. If the heating temperature of the metal changes, then the values of the yield strength of ST 09g2s steel immediately change.
The most “unpleasant” thing is that the type of load or the direction of the applied pressure also plays a big role. The load on a sample made of steel 09g2s can be different: bending, tensile, torsion, compression, and so on. For each specific type of load, its own values of the yield strength of steel 09g2s are determined. For example: torsional yield strength, bending yield strength, compressive yield strength, shear strength, shear strength, tensile strength, and so on. Quite often, the technological yield strength is determined conditionally, because physically, it may not exist at all. At certain ratios of load and metal heating temperature, here we're talking about mainly about low temperatures, a steel sample breaks (destroys) before plastic deformation occurs. However, in this case, the technological proof strength of ST09g2s steel at this temperature is indicated as a theoretical value and is used in calculations. Although in fact, it practically does not exist, because the zone of plastic deformation is too short, the tensile strength of ST 09g2s steel immediately “comes into effect.”
By the way, plastic deformation in metal does not occur instantly, but increases gradually with increasing load. Therefore, in the general case, talking about the yield threshold of steel as a clear “breaking point” is not entirely correct from a physical point of view. This is a “blurred”, although rather short, segment of the curve on the graph. The question that requires clarification is what amount of plastic deformation that occurs in the metal should be considered critical and unacceptable for the operation of the product in production. For such technological situations, the generally accepted conditional yield strength of ST 09g2s steel is considered to be the load value at which the sample changes shape by 0.2%. It is indicated in all tables where the mechanical properties of this metal alloy are given. In our example, we consider such options as SIZED AND SHAPE ROLLED METAL from steel grade 09g2s: GOST 19281-73, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 8239-89, GOST 8240-97, GOST 19281-89. CALIBRATED ROD made of steel grade 09g2s: GOST 7417-75, GOST 8560-78, GOST 10702-78. FORGINGS AND FORGED BILLETS made of steel grade 09g2s: GOST 1133-71. METAL SHEET made of steel grade 09g2s: GOST 5520-79, GOST 19281-89, TU 14-1-5034-91, TU 302.02.009-89. Thick METAL SHEET made of steel grade 09g2s: 19282-73, GOST 5520-79, GOST 5521-93, GOST 19903-74. Thin METAL SHEET made of steel grade 09g2s: GOST 17066-94, GOST 19904-90. METAL STRIP made of steel grade 09g2s: GOST 103-2006, GOST 82-70. METAL WIRE made of steel grade 09g2s: GOST 17305-91, GOST 5663-79. METAL PIPES made of steel grade 09g2s: TU 14-3-1128-82. METAL BENDED PROFILES made of steel grade 09g2s: GOST 19281, TU 14-1-5035-91.
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