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Night has fallen in the forest. Frost tapped on the trunks and branches of thick trees. A light silvery hoarfrost fell in flakes from the tops of the spruce. Bright winter stars glittered in the dark high sky. Here the frozen branch crunched and broke. The owl screamed. More often something hooted and laughed terribly. Light caresses ran across the diamond tablecloth of snow. Weasel is a small predatory animal from the family of martens. An owl flew quietly over the snowdrifts. Like a fabulous sentry, a big-headed gray owlet sat on a bare bough. In the darkness of the night, he hears and sees everything.
(According to I. Sokolov-Mikitov)
Winter covered the village with fluffy snow. There were soft gray days. A bird fell from the top of an old spruce. Silvery frost fell. He settled with white dust on a lilac bush. The oven crackled in the house. It smelled of smoke. Gusts of strong wind carried the smell of smoke to the river. A group of women went to the hole for water. Above a steep cliff there is an old gazebo. Her steps were gray with frost. We took shovels and cleared the path to the gazebo. The winter sun came out. Nature is alive.
Reference words: smelled, cleaned up.
met New Year. They removed the toys from the Christmas tree and carried it outside. A trail of dry needles stretched along the smooth path. It was sad to watch it.
The winter has passed. The sun began to warm the earth. There were puddles on the street. There were Christmas trees in front of the house. It smelled of pine. The whole yard gathered to plant forest beauties. The adults dug holes. The children brought water. They planted trees. Christmas trees stand on soft ground, like on a down pillow.
Grow up, fir trees!
Note. Pay attention to the placement of commas in the title of the dictation, in the last two sentences, and also to the phraseNew Year.
The weather was terrible. It was late autumn. The autumn wind carried ragged tufts of clouds over the earth. Snow began to fall out of them. The forest was naked. There was a lone mountain ash in the clearing. She reached for the sky. Winter birds with bright plumage flew up to the mountain ash. Bullfinches and tits slowly, with a choice, began to peck at large berries. They tossed their heads, stretched their necks and swallowed with difficulty. The first traces appeared on the white tablecloth of snow. Winter came.
Reference words: chicks, pulled out.
Our magic key opened the lock of the magic bookcase. We took the book "Humpbacked Horse" off the shelf. This is our favorite story. Written by Pyotr Pavlovich Ershov. Ershov learned this tale from the storytellers, and then he came up with something and told everything in verse. Ershov was born in the Siberian village of Bezrukovo, near Tobolsk. Then he lived in a remote Siberian town of Berezov. Ershov even saw the harsh Siberian nature as fabulous.
(According to E. Yazykova)
The girl went to the forest for berries and met an old woman there. The old woman gave her a magic pot. He cooked delicious, sweet porridge.
One day the girl left home. Mother began to cook porridge. She forgot magic words. And the pot cooked everything and cooked porridge.
Hot porridge flowed like a river down the street. The girl saw it. She ran into the house and spoke the magic words. The pot stopped cooking.
Who was driving from the village, he was eating his way. The porridge was very tasty!
(According to the fairy tale of the Brothers Grimm)
When you go camping, don't try to take everything with you.
Much can be found in the forest. If you rub your leg or burn your hand, pluck a plantain leaf. Wash it well and apply it to the affected area. You're out of soap. How to be? Wash dirty hands with elderberry.
So that mosquitoes do not get bored in the forest, pick wormwood, hang it in a hut and spread it around the resting place. Mosquitoes don't like its smell.
It was a warm early morning. We went fishing. On the shore, I put a worm on the hook and cast the bait.
One fish grabbed a worm. And here on the hook - a beautiful wide silvery fish. She has red eyes, like chum eggs, a black-green back, pink fins. It turned out to be a roach. It takes patience and skill to catch a fish. I examined the fish and put it back into the river.
Live, fish, long!
Once there was a problem. The sheep got hit by a car. There was a small fluffy lamb left.
Nadia began to take care of the orphan. She fed him milk, treated him to bread. The lamb especially liked cabbage.
Summer has come. Now it was already an adult ram. And what horns! They looked like two huge twisted bagels.
The ram followed the girl all the time, like a dog. He protected her even from boys. Once Nadia went to the cinema, and the ram followed her. The girl entered the room. And the ram sat down at the door and waited for her.
A true friend!
(According to N. Kuratova)
It was raining in the evening. In the morning frost seized the wet grass. A cold wind settled in the forest. He wandered among the pines, flew from clearing to clearing. Age-old fir trees rustled sadly. I stood at the edge of the forest and listened to the farewell song of the forest. A crane cry fell from the sky. Why do cranes cry sadly? The birds made a circle over the Volga and flew south.
I remembered songs about cranes. They, like the autumn bird's cry, are not merry.
(According to I. Vasiliev)
Note. The teacher warns the children about punctuation in the last sentence.
Sea buckthorn is placed on the long list of medicinal gifts of the forest. In the old days, war horses were fed with its leaves and young shoots. They were growing fast and doing well. Sea buckthorn blooms in April, May. Fruit ripens from late August to October. A lot of sea buckthorn is found in the Caucasus, Siberia, Altai. It grows well near rivers and lakes. Sea buckthorn is also planted in the desert. Try to plant sea buckthorn at home. Near the house you will settle joy, cheerfulness, health.
Reference words: settle in yourself.
The leaves on the trees turned yellow and turned brown. The wind spins them through the air. Heavy autumn clouds poured snow and hail on the ground. A raven sat on the hedge and croaked from the cold. Ice floes appeared on the surface of the pond.
Winter has come cold. The ice cracked with frost. The poor duckling floated on the water without rest. The polynya became smaller. The poor thing was exhausted, stretched out and froze to the ice. A farmer spotted the bird early in the morning. He took her home.
(According to G. X. Andersen)
Reference words: freeze, peasant.
In winter, the sea is frozen. The fishermen gathered on the ice to catch fish. The fisherman Andrey also went. With him was his son Volodya.
Caught a lot of fish. The fishermen decided to spend the night.
A strong wind picked up during the night. Waves flooded the ice. All around was only the sea.
In the morning the fishermen spotted the plane. They started shouting and waving their hats. The ship soon arrived. The people were saved.
(According to B. Zhitkov)
We pitched tents on a smooth ground and stopped for the night. The night passed quietly. It was early morning. I looked around the area. White snow. An eagle flies over the mountainside. The wind whistles in his open wings. A silent shadow glides down the slope.
Forest birds hide in the thick of branches. The eagle flies from clearing to clearing. Roe deer flee from him in horror. Like balls, hares jump into the bushes. Panic is everywhere. The king bird is flying.
Reference words: wide open, hiding, panic, king bird.
The crew of Pavel Ivanovich Abramov was assigned to guard the crossing. They completed the task, but they themselves could not cross. They camouflaged the tank on the outskirts of the city, waited it out. And then a tank with a red star broke into the city, captured by the Nazis. The battle went on for almost a day. The soldiers crushed the enemy. The crew fought to the last shell. Enemies struck by such courage trembled. Residents of the city of Rivne remember the glorious tank heroes. A street and a school are named after them.
The first winter day has come. We went to the forest lakes. The day seemed to be dozing. Lonely snowflakes fell from the cloudy sky.
We carefully breathed on the white fluff of winter. Snowflakes turned into pure drops of water. Like beads, they rolled down to the ground. The forest was light and solemn. We approached familiar places. Flocks of bullfinches were sitting on a mountain ash. She was covered in snow.
But here comes the heavy snow. The forest became dark and quiet. Winter has begun to take over the land.
(According to K. Paustovsky)
All summer Thumbelina lived in the forest. She ate sweet flower honey and drank dew. From the grass, the baby wove herself a cradle. So the summer passed. Autumn has passed too. A long cold winter was approaching. All the birds have flown away. The flowers withered, turned yellow. Thumbelina was shivering from the cold. It is snowing. Each snowflake was to Thumbelina what a whole shovel of snow is to us. Thumbelina covered herself with a dry leaf. The sheet did not warm. Thumbelina decided to leave the forest. She began looking for a place to live for the winter.
(According to G. H. Andersen)
The river has become The boys ran to the river. The little boy jumped out onto the ice. He skidded across the ice. Other children followed the daredevil. Here they are in the middle of the river. There was a crack. Water came out. The children rushed to the shore like sparrows. The daredevils found themselves up to their necks in the water. They were screaming and calling for help. Men and women ran to the shore. The guys clung to the thin ice with their hands. He broke, crumbled. A worker with a long board crawled towards the guys. He saved them.
Few people live in the far north. Day after day you can go and not meet a person's habitation. There are no roads - everything is covered with snow. We have to carry people and goods on dogs. Dogs are true friends of man. The leader of my team was called Ushko. He had a thick coat, a sharp muzzle, erect ears and a bushy tail. Ushko often looked back as he ran, noticing which dog was lazy and ran badly. At the bus stop, he approached the dog and growled at her.
The weather has changed. By morning the whole neighborhood was shrouded in a thick, viscous fog. A sharp freezing wind blew. Frost crackled. And what a beauty it was when the sun rose! The trees and bushes in the garden were all showered with frost. The branches seemed to be covered with brilliant white flowers. Each branch seemed to radiate light. The weeping birch, swayed by the wind, seemed to come to life. Its long branches with fluffy fringes moved quietly. What a splendor it was! Large diamonds shimmered in the snow.
(According to G. X. Andersen)
On the mountain ash that grew near the fence, no one knows where the squirrel appeared.
Fluffing out her tail, she sat in a fork and looked at the bunches that swayed in the wind on thin branches.
The squirrel ran along the trunk and hung on a branch, swayed - jumped over the fence. She held a bunch of rowan in her mouth. She quickly ran along the fence, and then hid behind a post, putting her fluffy, airy tail out.
"Fan!" I remembered. So the hunters call the squirrel tail.
(Yu. Koval)
It was a wonderful view of winter nature. The rays of the sun showered the whole area with a cold brilliance. Traces of animals and birds are visible on the snow tablecloth. With their heavy heads bowed, the age-old firs froze. A nimble squirrel jumped from tree to tree. Huge caps of snow fell from the trees. The forest smelled of resin and pine needles. But then a plump cloud slowly covered the horizon. Snow began to fall in flakes. We drove up to the village. Dim lights flickered in the windows. The long winter twilight was fast approaching.
We lived with my mother in the country during the winter holidays. It was quiet there. Crows circled around us.
We feel sorry for them all. We started feeding them. For top dressing, the crows fell in love with their mother. They followed her all over the village.
Mom comes out on the road. A car rushes along the road, the crows immediately raise a hubbub. They warn their mother of the danger.
The holidays are over. We left for Moscow. We came back in the summer. The crows recognized us.
(According to I. Sherstobitov)
There were funny people. They decided to please Santa Claus with gifts. The little people got into the sleigh and rolled along the fabulous road.
They meet sad musicians. The musicians broke their instruments. The little people gave them a pipe, a drum, an accordion. A sad snowman sits by the road. He only has a broom in his hands. Cheerful little men gave him a Christmas tree. All gifts were given by little men. And Santa Claus comes out of the forest. The little men got bored. And Santa Claus tells them: “I know your good deeds, and they are the best gift to me!”
The calf met the hedgehog. The hedgehog curled up into a ball and snorted. The stupid calf jumped up and licked the hedgehog. The needles pricked his tongue painfully.
The calf roared and ran to the cow. He began to complain to his mother about the hedgehog. The cow raised her head, looked at her son, and again began to pluck the grass.
The hedgehog rolled to his hole. He told the hedgehog that he had defeated a terrible beast.
The glory about the courage of the hedgehog went beyond the distant lake, beyond the dark forests.
Reference words: met, curled up, complain, raised, said hedgehog that.
During the winter holidays, Dima and his mother rested with his grandfather in the village. Winter was stormy. Dima went skiing and sledding with the guys. Once they made a big snowman. Once Dima observed a heavy snowfall. Large flakes of snow swirled smoothly in the air. They quickly covered the ground with a fluffy carpet. Snowdrifts grew around the house.
Dima loved to visit the winter forest. The forest was light and solemn. For a long time he looked at the beautiful dress of firs and pines.
Suddenly hissed, hissed through the forest. The snow ran. The forest hummed, it became dark in it, as in the evening. The wind came up. The trees swayed. Snowdrifts flew from the spruce paws. Snow began to fall and a blizzard began.
Titmouse subsided, huddled into a ball. And the wind tears it from the branch, ruffles the feathers and freezes the naked body under them. Well, the woodpecker let her into his spare hollow, otherwise the titmouse would have disappeared. The storm has passed. The sun came out, cheerful, bright!
(According to V. Bianki)
The guys built a snow slide in the yard. They watered it well. Kotka did not build a hill. He sat at home and looked out the window. The guys are gone.
Kotka put on his skates and ran to the hill. It was slippery on the hill. The boy fell. Kotka decided to sprinkle the hill with sand.
The guys came running and began to scold Kotka. He decided to correct his mistake.
The boy began to drag clods of snow up the hill, pour water on it. Kotka even made stairs. This makes it easier for the kids to climb the hill.
The children of our school guard the forest all year round. Before the New Year holiday, they are on duty on the roads. A hundred forest beauties were saved from death. In early spring, Russian birches are protected from lovers of birch sap.
There are many young plantings in the forest. The seedlings took root, got stronger, grew up. It is joyful to look at them, moving from clearing to clearing. There are traces of birds and animals on a clean tablecloth of snow. Here a mouse ran to the mink. Silence in the forest. Our forest is beautiful! Take care of its beauty.
Reference words: New Year's, on them.
Without tits, the winter forest seems dead. Only a pine branch will creak and a snow cap will fall from the tree. But here comes a flock of tits. The forest is alive. Squeaking birds fly from branch to branch. They inspect every crack in the bark of the tree. What kind of tits are not in the flock! They loudly call to each other in the winter forest. In a fierce cold, tits fly up to the village. The children pour seeds for them on the feeders. Hungry tits can freeze.
(According to G. Snegirev)
Reference words: seems to echo, pour, for them.
There is a crackling February frost outside. The whole earth sleeps under shaggy snow. The hostess treats us with cucumbers and radishes. Man has learned to build warm houses for plants. All year round he grows herbs, vegetables, fruits in them. We drive up to the greenhouse. There is no winter in the greenhouse. Smart machines water and feed plants. Drops of water glisten on green onions. Machines regulate light and heat. Collective farmers get a rich harvest of vegetables in greenhouses.
Reference words: in them, grow, regulate.
The January dawn slowly creeps along the street. The chirping of birds is heard in the air. It woke up, cleaned itself up and runs to the road crested lark. With the first snow, he appears on a village street, on the outskirts of the city. All day he is in search of food. The lark flies little, but runs fast. In the cold, he jumps on one leg. The other leg is hidden under the feathers. He is warm at night. It lies in a hole, the lark hides its paws and beak in a thick feather.
Reference words: dawn, resounds, crested.
Prickly snow fell. It rippled in the thick aspen forest. The blows of snow pellets on tree trunks merged into a mysterious rumble. Traces stretched from the edge of the forest to the village. Dawn has come. Snow glittered on the spruce. A flock of sparrows hastened to the village. Capercaillie and he flew up to the road in search of food. Moose, roe deer rushed to the clearing. They ate bark from aspens and willows. Hares compacted the snow near brushwood. In winter, the animal world needs help.
Reference words: mysterious, brushwood, help.
I walk down a narrow path into a clearing. A flock of thrushes appeared on the mountain ash. A hedgehog rustled under a snag. I love this area. Moose appear here in late autumn. Near the clearing was an abandoned garden. It is overgrown with weeds. The trees withered, degenerated. There were no hunters for sour and small fruits. But then I heard the crunch of apples. I spotted a moose. He walked from apple tree to apple tree. With a soft lip, the forest giant grabbed apples and ate them.
Reference words: here, abandoned, amateur.
The trees were talking all night. Winter has come to the forest. Wonderful figures froze under the cold vault. They settled on the tops of fir trees, stumps, branches. A forest man in a fur hat and burka got out of the snowdrift. He looked around the whitened forest. The sun appeared. Tears dripped from the coniferous eyelashes of a little man. A group of Christmas trees clung to an old Christmas tree. They look like rabbits. Here is a fabulous bear. The forest is full of magical animals, birds. But there are no traces of them on the white tablecloth of snow.
(According to N. Sladkov)
Reference words: figurines look like wizards.
The forest clearing is covered with snow. Near the bush sticks out an old stump. There are many cozy winter apartments here for forest dwellers. Small insects hid under the bark from the cold. The mustachioed beetle also settled down to winter here. A lizard lay down in a hole under the roots. A flock of tits flew over the clearing. She perched on a tree. Snow dust fell to the ground. A hare ran out into the clearing. The animal looked around and quickly jumped into the forest.
The view of winter nature was magnificent. Frost took moisture from tree branches and trunks. Bushes and trees were covered with shiny frost. The rays of the sun showered the whole area with a cold brilliance.
The days were short. But now the frost began to pass. The clarity of the blue sky faded. A plump white cloud covered the horizon. Slowly, the snow began to fall in large chunks. There was snow all around me. The sky was snowing down. The air was filled with movement. The long winter twilight was coming. I approached the village.
(According to S. Aksakov)
Reference words: magnificent, twilight, began.
Tanya and Vitya lived in a forest lodge. In winter, Vitya hung a bird feeder from an old Christmas tree. One day, a red squirrel appeared near the feeder. She cautiously jumped onto the feeder. The animal began to take the mountain ash with its paws and deftly eat the berries.
The guys made a table for the squirrel. They put crusts of bread, dry mushrooms on her table. Sometimes children buried food in the snow. The squirrel has a good instinct. She raked the loose snow with her paws and took food. Every day the squirrel ran to the feeder.
(According to G. Skrebitsky)
Reference words: Sometimes.
During the winter holidays, the pathfinders went along the partisan paths.
It was quiet and frosty in the dense spruce forest. It is joyful to walk through the winter forest. Sparkling white fluffy snow. The trees look fabulous. A flock of birds merrily flies from tree to tree.
The leader led the rangers to the edge of the clearing. This is the place where the partisans lived. Under a large oak, the guys noticed a dugout. There was a big table in the dugout. An oven huddled under a low window. Long benches lined the walls.
Reference words: partisans, it seems.
A severe frost struck at night. It was a clear frosty morning. You woke up and looked at the window. It is all covered with a wonderful pattern. Here is the long thread. But a flower bloomed on the glass. How did these patterns come about? Water vapor from the air became water droplets. It got cold. These droplets settled on the ice field. Enough dust on the glass to cling to the first piece of ice. Ice cubes grow and grow. Here are the different drawings. They sparkled and shimmered in the sun.
(According to D. Tikhomirov)
Reference words: colder, cling to, branch.
The sun rose over the winter forest. The earth is covered with a clean white tablecloth and is resting. Along the edge of the clearing, a red fox comes hunting. Paw after paw traces curl behind him. Here the frozen branch crunched and broke. The fox listens to see if a mouse squeaks under a hummock in a winter mink. Here flew a flock of crossbills. She sat at the top of a spruce. Handsome grouse flew out of the deep fluffy snow. They sat down on a birch covered with lacy frost. Everything notices the old fox.
Reference words: handsome grouse.
Note. Draw the children's attention to the comma in the sixth sentence.
Sections: Primary School
Target:
- the formation in children of love for nature, a sense of responsibility for "our smaller brothers";
- moral education.
Tasks:
- To instill in children interest and love for their native land, respect for nature, accuracy.
- Expand the horizons of children.
- Learn about the life of animals and birds.
- Develop the small muscles of the fingers.
- Develop creativity and imagination.
Equipment:
- paper napkins;
- glue, cardboard;
- watercolor paints;
- bullfinch stencil;
- bird cards;
- a sample of the product of the application "Bullfinch";
- exhibition of books, drawings.
Lesson plan:
- Organization of the beginning of the lesson. Creating a positive emotional state.
- Statement of the educational task.
- Assimilation of new material.
- Game minute.
- Consolidation.
- Independent work.
- Summary of the lesson.
During the classes
Teacher. Today we have an unusual lesson - a lesson excursion. We will make a trip to the winter forest. There are many forests in our country. Our republic is part of the forest zone. The forest occupies more than half of its territory. The forest is the dress of our land. Where there is forest, there is clean air. The forest is a home for animals and birds.
Now let's fantasize a little. They closed their eyes. Let's imagine that we put on skis and went to the forest.
(The music of Tchaikovsky's "The Seasons" sounds.)
(A picture of a winter forest is on the screen.) Appendix 1. Slide 1.
Winter forest - it's like a fairy tale
And especially then
When hoarfrost white paint
Fluff it up a little.
The forest is solemn, calm,
Silence rings in my ears
Shroud of fluffy white
He is dutifully covered.
White snow - how wonderful it is!
Its brilliance is like blue.
And where the eye does not look,
Winter is everywhere.
Cold and hungry birds in winter
Feed the birds in winter!
Let from all over
They will flock to you, like home,
Stakes on the porch.
Their food is not rich,
A handful of grain is needed.
One handful - and not terrible
They will have winter.
Train the birds in the cold
To your window
So that without songs it was not necessary
We welcome spring.
So we visited the winter forest. It's time to go home.
They closed their eyes. (Music sounds.) They opened their eyes.
Did you like this walk in the winter forest?
What other wintering birds do you know? slide 22.
The world of birds is diverse, and each bird is special with its habits and coloring. But all birds are beautiful!
(Children sing "Sparrow's Song" music. Companion, lyrics by Sinyavsky.)
Teacher. Guys, we talked a lot about birds. Try to guess which bird it is.
Black-winged, red-breasted,
And in the winter he will find shelter:
He is not afraid of a cold -
With the first snow - right there. (Bullfinch.)
Today we will complete a picturesque mosaic of a bird - a bullfinch.
Mosaic (translated from French) is an image or pattern made from pieces of one or different materials.
What material do you think this mosaic is made of? Slide 7.
What colors can you find in the image of the bullfinch?
Instead of black - we use a white napkin and then color it.
- Take a napkin, tear it into a narrow strip and roll it into balls.
- Start sticking balls from the upper body.
How is it more convenient to stick on - one ball at a time or spreading a small area with glue, and then sticking balls on it?
We will work in pairs. Where will you start your work?
Summary of the lesson. Exhibition of the best works.
Sections: Primary School
Target:
- the formation in children of love for nature, a sense of responsibility for "our smaller brothers";
- moral education.
Tasks:
- To instill in children interest and love for their native land, respect for nature, accuracy.
- Expand the horizons of children.
- Learn about the life of animals and birds.
- Develop the small muscles of the fingers.
- Develop creativity and imagination.
Equipment:
- paper napkins;
- glue, cardboard;
- watercolor paints;
- bullfinch stencil;
- bird cards;
- a sample of the product of the application "Bullfinch";
- exhibition of books, drawings.
Lesson plan:
- Organization of the beginning of the lesson. Creating a positive emotional state.
- Statement of the educational task.
- Assimilation of new material.
- Game minute.
- Consolidation.
- Independent work.
- Summary of the lesson.
During the classes
Teacher. Today we have an unusual lesson - a lesson excursion. We will make a trip to the winter forest. There are many forests in our country. Our republic is part of the forest zone. The forest occupies more than half of its territory. The forest is the dress of our land. Where there is forest, there is clean air. The forest is a home for animals and birds.
Now let's fantasize a little. They closed their eyes. Let's imagine that we put on skis and went to the forest.
(The music of Tchaikovsky's "The Seasons" sounds.)
(A picture of a winter forest is on the screen.) Appendix 1. Slide 1.
Winter forest - it's like a fairy tale
And especially then
When hoarfrost white paint
Fluff it up a little.
The forest is solemn, calm,
Silence rings in my ears
Shroud of fluffy white
He is dutifully covered.
White snow - how wonderful it is!
Its brilliance is like blue.
And where the eye does not look,
Winter is everywhere.
Cold and hungry birds in winter
Feed the birds in winter!
Let from all over
They will flock to you, like home,
Stakes on the porch.
Their food is not rich,
A handful of grain is needed.
One handful - and not terrible
They will have winter.
Train the birds in the cold
To your window
So that without songs it was not necessary
We welcome spring.
So we visited the winter forest. It's time to go home.
They closed their eyes. (Music sounds.) They opened their eyes.
Did you like this walk in the winter forest?
What other wintering birds do you know? slide 22.
The world of birds is diverse, and each bird is special with its habits and coloring. But all birds are beautiful!
(Children sing "Sparrow's Song" music. Companion, lyrics by Sinyavsky.)
Teacher. Guys, we talked a lot about birds. Try to guess which bird it is.
Black-winged, red-breasted,
And in the winter he will find shelter:
He is not afraid of a cold -
With the first snow - right there. (Bullfinch.)
Today we will complete a picturesque mosaic of a bird - a bullfinch.
Mosaic (translated from French) is an image or pattern made from pieces of one or different materials.
What material do you think this mosaic is made of? Slide 7.
What colors can you find in the image of the bullfinch?
Instead of black - we use a white napkin and then color it.
- Take a napkin, tear it into a narrow strip and roll it into balls.
- Start sticking balls from the upper body.
How is it more convenient to stick on - one ball at a time or spreading a small area with glue, and then sticking balls on it?
We will work in pairs. Where will you start your work?
Summary of the lesson. Exhibition of the best works.
Tatyana Kokovina
Scenario of entertainment for titmouse day "Bird Tree"
Target: familiarization of younger schoolchildren with the traditions and customs of the Russian people; the formation of love for nature, a sense of responsibility for "Our smaller brothers".
Once in Rus', our ancestors celebrated a wonderful, kind and wise holiday, which called for taking care of nature, taking care of birds in a difficult period for them. This holiday was called Sinichkin in the afternoon and it fell on November 12th. People even said: "Small titmouse bird, but knows his holiday ".
The folk customs of feeding are associated with this holiday. tits and other birds. It is in this day titmouse flew from the forests and huddled closer to houses, to people, while many other, more heat-loving birds flew to warmer climes. Tits same like the sparrows all year round with us. If in the warm season they live more in the forest, then with the onset of cold weather they fly closer to people, hoping for their help.
A fragment from the book of G. Snegirev is read out "Birds of our forests":
"…Without tits the winter forest seems dead. Only a pine branch will creak and a snow cap will fall from the Christmas tree. But how a flock will fly tits the forest will come to life. Tits with a squeak, with a piping fly from branch to branch, from tree to tree - inspect every path in the bark: is there a wooden seed, is there a sleeping bug hiding somewhere. There are just no tits in a flock: and blue tit, and Muscovy, and grenadiers with striped tufts on their heads.
Into the bitter cold tits fly to the huts, and the guys pour grain for them or put pieces of bread on the feeder, otherwise they are hungry tits will freeze in the forest ...».
How do you help birds survive a cold and difficult winter for them?
(children's answers)
Readers read poetry « bird tree» .
1.We have this custom: a little snow falls,
board house hang the bird on a knot.
Let's pour plenty of food, let the birds will peck.
The birds are happy because they know: they are waiting here!
Above the wooden house in the morning there is an incessant din.
How fun for the feathered, fluttering guests!
2. Poem by Z. Alexandrova « bird tree» .
At the silver path, as soon as the New Year comes,
On a high thin leg, the miracle Christmas tree rises.
This Christmas tree is not simple and it's not for kids.
Near the Christmas tree, flying, the birds whistle merrily.
There are woodpeckers and tits, bullfinches and sparrow,
Everyone wants to have fun near their Christmas tree.
Toys do not shine on her, and the star does not shine,
But on the other hand, we hung bird feeders there.
Are arriving avian flocks to our Christmas tree in the winter garden.
And in the garden, without stopping, the bells ring.
Quiz.
1. Why was the bullfinch given a snowy name? (Bullfinches come to us with the first snow, and in the spring they fly north to their native lands.)
2. Why does crossbill build nests in winter? (In winter, there are plenty of spruce seeds for nestlings, but not in spring.)
3. What tree does the woodpecker water? (Birch with its juice.)
4. Which migratory flock promises snow? (A flock of migratory geese. Expect snowfall in 1-2 days.)
5. Who has never taken a step? (Sparrow.)
Promotion "Let's feed birds» .
We weigh the feeders with the children and pour the food.
Readers read poetry.
1. Feed the birds in winter,
Throw a handful of crumbs
And let them scurry sometimes
Stakes at the windows.
Throw in a handful of grain.
They don't need much.
And the winter is not so terrible
Will be for the winged.
Do not let them at a fierce hour
Dying from disease
And spring will give you
Their festive song.
2. Poem by Alexander Yashin "Feed the Birds".
Feed the birds in winter.
Let from all over
They will flock to you, like home,
Stakes on the porch.
Their food is not rich.
Need a handful of grain
One handful -
And not scary
They will have winter.
How many of them die - do not count,
It's hard to see.
But in our heart there is
And the birds are warm.
Is it possible to forget:
Could fly away
And stayed for the winter
Along with people.
Train the birds in the cold
To your window
So that without songs it was not necessary
We welcome spring.
Candidate of Biological Sciences K. MIKHAILOV.
Many readers, of course, remember Vitaly Bianchi's "Forest Newspaper" - stories about simple events in the life of plants, animals and birds that acquaint us with the little secrets of nature, teach us to understand and love it. The ability to see the beautiful and unusual in what surrounds us in the field, in the forest, on the lake, helps not only to understand the life of “our smaller brothers”, but also to feel like a part of a single community of living beings on the planet.
Science and life // Illustrations
Science and life // Illustrations
January in the yard. At night the temperature drops to minus twenty. It seems that under the deep snow cover, all living things froze. But it's not. In any square or park, or even near the house, near the garbage can, you will see birds - a noisy flock of sparrows, crows, jackdaws. Among them sometimes flash and tits. First of all, it is a stocky great tit with a bright yellow breast, “big”, and a more miniature blue tit - with a blue, almost azure, azure cap.
But can you stay at home all winter? No, for those who love nature, this is not possible. Let's go to the forest. Moreover, there are many interesting things to see there even in winter.
It is quiet in the winter forest, as in a tidy house with white tablecloths laid out. Deserted, but waiting for guests. It would seem that no one is here. But let's listen. From somewhere above, from the shaggy paws of firs, a quiet squeaking is heard. These kinglets are one of the smallest birds. These crumbs feed mainly on insects, but are not afraid of frost, they remain to winter in our area. What do they eat? The fact is that under the cover of dense spruce branches, where the temperature is slightly above zero, small insects gather, which tolerate cold well. Here is the food for the kinglet - how much does he need? From below, these birds, swarming in the needles, look like gray lumps. And if you manage to see the beetle closer, and even in bright sunlight, you can see that its back is of an olive-green hue. On the head there is a yellowish or even orange tuft-crown running from the forehead to the top of the head, bounded on the sides of the head by black stripes. A real little dandy.
Where there are kinglets, there, most likely, tits. In city parks, we are accustomed to the "big" and blue tit, but in the coniferous forest near Moscow, first of all, we will meet puffy, or brown-headed chickadees. These mobile grayish birds are easily recognizable by their catchy black cap. They shout loudly and very peculiarly: the nasally irritated “zee” or “zhee” - each ear perceives in its own way. If you saw a “powder”, which makes less nasal and more sonorous sounds, besides, it constantly “swears”, quickly saying “chick-beep-beep-beep”, then you caught the eye of a black-headed tit. She is simply called a nut.
Pukhlyak and titmouse are twin species. Outwardly, in nature, they are almost indistinguishable, but their songs are somewhat different. Part of the calls - the cries with which they announce their presence - are similar, but there are also characteristic sounds that you can never confuse. They must be paid attention to. For example, the puffy at times groans poignantly, squeaks “eez, eez, eez”, and the tit “swears”.
Tits are the funniest creatures. They spin, spin, peel the bark, hang upside down on the thinnest branches of trees. Pukhlyak prefers coniferous forests, and chickadee gravitates towards riverine alder and willow forests. But that's just "usually". Of every rule, as you know, there are exceptions. So here. Fluffy can be seen in the deciduous thickets near the river, and chickadees can wander into the forest.
In the spruce or pine forest, you can also meet the crested titmouse. In winter it is even easier to see than in summer. This titmouse can be distinguished by a large variegated crest on its head. She is laconic: the repertoire is limited to lively trills “chi-chi-trchch” and the usual blue “chi-chi-chi”. Unlike other tits, the crested one does not like large companies: two or three birds gather more often.
But ladles, as the long-tailed tits were affectionately nicknamed (the old Russian word “ladle” means ladle), on the contrary, are very sociable birds. The ladle itself looks like a ball of loose feathers, with a tiny beak and a long black tail with white stripes on the sides. A flock of poles is constantly moving, and the birds flit from tree to tree, from bush to bush, doing miracles of acrobatics on the branches. Often you first hear them and only then you see them. The voice of the long-tailed tit cannot be confused with any other. This is a rattling “chrrr” or “chzhrrr”, reminiscent of the sound of a broken guitar string.
How do all these birds survive the harsh winter, because they eat insects? The secret is simple: due to your own “mind” and ingenuity. Ever since autumn, tits have been preparing food for themselves for the winter: literally millions of dried spiders and small insects are shoved into cracks in the bark of trees. If there is enough food, then the birds do not care about frost. In some zoos, even budgerigars, originally from Australia, spend the winter quietly in an open enclosure, if the temperature does not drop below twenty degrees. What can we say about hardened tits! There would be food. But winter supplies become inaccessible to birds when the temperature drops below fifteen degrees or a thaw occurs, which is abruptly replaced by frost. It is almost impossible to get food from the icy bark.
This is where bird feeders help, which each of us can place outside our window, hang in a park or square. In severe frosts, energy losses in birds increase, and top dressing sometimes saves their lives. Let's remember this! Seeds and lard are especially high-calorie foods. Such a delicacy of tits will always be preferred to bread crumbs. And the sparrows, who are the first to find out about the feeder in city parks and bring all their “relatives and acquaintances” there, are not so greedy for fat.
By the way, not all tits stay with us for the winter. Some birds migrate to the southern regions in autumn and return only in spring. The customs, tastes and habits of different tits are different - just like people! This, by the way, also helps to survive in the harsh season. In a blue flock, each bird knows its relatives well and has its own “social rank”. There are older ones who are dominant, there are younger ones who are in a subordinate position. With age and all sorts of “social” perturbations, the position of a bird in a flock can change. Sometimes the social status of a bird changes if it has a partner of a higher rank. In general, females are oppressed: in winter, they get the worst feeding areas, and in the flock they often occupy a more vulnerable position. And yet it is easier to live “in a crowd” than alone. And you will notice the predator faster, and together you will find food sooner.
In the forest where the tits are, there are the nuthatch. It can be seen right in the tit flocks: a lively gray bird with a reddish undertail, a black stripe through the eye and a strong chisel-shaped beak, somewhat larger than the titmouse. The nuthatch moves up and down the tree trunk, rustling the bark. He masterfully deals with cones. In tits, it turns out worse. But the pika with its thin, slightly curved beak can only carefully probe the bark in search of insects and spiders. You cannot confuse a pika with a nuthatch: it is brown and beaked; crawls up the trunk only, leaning on the tail, like a woodpecker. Cannot move upside down.
By the way, about woodpeckers. These forest orderlies also like to join the mixed titmouse flocks in winter. First of all, the great spotted woodpecker flashes in bird companies - the small spotted woodpecker is much more independent, more often “walks by itself”, but it can also be found in a many-sided bird flock. And if you're lucky, you'll see a three-toed woodpecker. In winter, these rare guests “pull up” to the forests near Moscow.
In addition to flocks of titmouse in the winter forest, especially on the edge of a birch forest or in a riverine alder forest, you can certainly see flocks of siskins and sometimes tap dances. Somewhere closer to the village, on the outskirts of the city, bullfinches and waxwings will meet. You can always distinguish a bullfinch by its raspberry elegant breast, and the brown waxwing is larger, with a tuft on its head.
These birds, like tits, siskins and tap dances, are also always in flocks. Why? The question is not idle. Let's try to figure it out.
Birds come together primarily because they are terribly sociable creatures, or, as ornithologists academically put it, "creatures highly social." That is, they simply do not like loneliness, without fellow tribesmen they experience discomfort and therefore easily become attached and unite with individuals of their own and other species. This is a premise. And there is a direct benefit: in mixed flocks in the harsh winter time, it is much easier to survive together. And every adult titmouse or nuthatch knows this from their own experience, as it has an excellent memory. That is, birds remember well those situations that caused them a feeling of comfort or discomfort, satiety or hunger. In addition, many birds imitate each other and easily adopt everything new: information on how to get another type of food or where to look for it spreads through the “bird telegraph” at a high speed.
Mixed flocks, consisting of different species, is not an accidental phenomenon. They appear in common feeding areas and help different species of birds to more successfully forage. For example, a nuthatch and a woodpecker will gouge a cone or tree bark with their strong beak, and tits, which have a weaker beak, will pick up food on the fly or pick it up in the snow. Titmouses can feast on “table leftovers” in the inner parts of the trunk, opened and torn apart powerful beak woodpecker. And there is more than enough food there - wintering larvae and eggs of insects, usually inaccessible to tits.
On the other hand, in a flock it is always more likely that at least someone will find a tree or a branch rich in food, which all members of the flock then “crash” onto. After all, the one who found the food immediately notifies others. Finally, many small forest birds spend the night together, cuddling up to each other and thus preserving precious warmth. So there are many benefits. Watch the winter flocks of birds and see for yourself.
Each species of bird adapts to winter in its own way. Someone can only survive in a pack, someone has enough of their own family. What can you say about birds that not only feel great in the harsh winter frosts, but also breed? Unbelievable but true. These birds are crossbills. Why did they choose such a strange time for such a difficult task? The fact is that winter for crossbills is the most suitable time to feed offspring. After all, their chicks feed on spruce seeds. These lionfish seeds ripen in autumn and remain in cones all winter. In March, when the scales of the cones, heated by the sun's rays, open, the seeds will fall to the ground. At this time, crossbills chicks begin to fly out of the nest, which can easily get their own food. But in order for the chicks to fly out in March, it is necessary to lay eggs in late January - early February. That is, just in the most severe frosts.
The weather itself does not really excite the birds. The main thing is to have food. If there is no food, for example, there was a sudden crop failure of spruce seeds, then crossbills in such a year will not nest at all.
It is strange, of course, to see a bird on a nest in a snowy forest. However, the nest still needs to be found, and this is not easy. It is located high above the ground, usually on spruces, under the cover of powerful prickly paws, and even crowned with snow caps. Therefore, even experienced hunters who have traveled the length and breadth of the forest often do not know that crossbills nest in winter.
The nest itself is a well-insulated winter house: very dense, with thick walls, richly lined with moss from the inside. While the parents are only incubating the clutch, one of them hardly leaves the nest so that the cold does not touch the eggs. But when the chicks have already hatched, the parents cannot keep them warm all the time - they have to fly away for food, sometimes for a long time. And although the nest is well insulated, the chicks are quite cool in it. Nevertheless, they safely tolerate low temperatures - after all, their food is very high-calorie.
Both in the forest and in the city in winter, you can often hear a simple, sonorous song that pleases the soul: “chi-ping, chi-ping, zi-zin ... zi-zin”. This is the great tit singing. She starts her short concerts from the very new year, as soon as the sun begins to linger a little longer in our Northern Hemisphere.
And a little later, towards the end of February, from the top of a tall linden or oak, no, no, yes, and you will hear a wonderful melodic trill. This is the blue tit singing. There is something to rejoice about - the difficult winter tests for birds are already behind us. It is not scary that there is snow, and the temperature at night is well below zero. Still, the severe January frosts have already ended, the day has become longer (you can feed longer), and the sun shines brighter. Spring is ahead!
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