Breeding turkeys is a type of poultry farming that is gaining popularity. Birds are in high demand due to dietary meat, and caring for them is not difficult even for beginners.
This direction is characterized by low costs even at the start stage, since turkey poults are unpretentious in content, grow quickly and gain weight. By the end of the first year, the birds reach 18-25 kg, depending on the breed.
An important condition is the proper organization of your business, since the profitability and payback period largely depend on the competent distribution of resources. In the article, we will consider in detail whether or not breeding turkeys as a business is profitable.
Features of this business
Breeding turkeys for sale is one of the most profitable areas of poultry farming. Today there is practically no competition in Russia, although meat is highly valued in the market. Before starting work, you should consider the specifics of this business:
- turkeys are gaining weight. Some breeds can weigh up to 30 kg by adulthood;
- meat is in demand at any season, the average return on investment is from 18 months;
- fairly low costs for young animals for breeding;
- first income from the sale can be obtained in 4-6 months;
- turkeys are more hardy and resilient birds than chickens. With proper prevention, the disease rarely causes the death of the entire herd.
It should be borne in mind that turkeys are picky about food, so the cost of feed at first will be large, but due to speed dial weight they are more than paid off.
Turkey meat has a pleasant taste, dietary value, high content of vitamins and microelements. Often used by athletes, as well as pregnant women due to hypoallergenicity.
What to Consider
In most cases, a farming business is started by people who are already dealing with housekeeping. This is a troublesome and complex matter, where it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the activity. When breeding turkeys, it should be understood that there are three main problems - a high risk of disease in young animals, a food supply and the sale of finished products. You also need to carefully plan all the necessary outbuildings and organize the space productively. In itself, you should officially formalize your enterprise.
What documents are needed
In recent years, the Russian Federation has simplified the collection and preparation of documentation for novice farmers. One of the key points is the ability to grow birds for sale on your land, subject to all sanitary and environmental standards. Get a status individual entrepreneur and choose the form of taxation. To freely sell meat, the following minimum documents are required:
- certificate compliance with GOST;
- certificate from the veterinary service (form No. 2);
- declaration on the conformity of product quality;
- registration breeding individuals (for the sale of thoroughbred birds).
An example of a certificate from the veterinary service (form No. 2).
It is advisable to hire a competent lawyer to help with the preparation of all documentation, so you will avoid mistakes and subsequent checks by various government agencies.
Growing technologies
The profitability of breeding poultry depends on the method of keeping. The following approaches are suitable for industrial rearing of turkeys:
For creating profitable business It is recommended to combine all three methods. For example, the extensive type is suitable for long-term rearing of birds for breeding, the cellular type is suitable for quickly obtaining meat, and the floor type of rearing is universal.
The cost and profitability of buildings, equipment
Turkeys are large birds, so they need a spacious room for a comfortable life. You can build a turkey house yourself, or order a ready-made version in construction company. The area of the room depends on the size of the livestock. To keep young animals up to 1 month old, the herd density is up to 15 turkey poults per 1 m 2, for 10 two-month-old chicks 1 m 2 is required, adult birds are kept at the rate of: up to 2-3 individuals per 1 m 2. For construction and equipment you will need:
- sand-cement mixture for the foundation;
- wooden bars and slats;
- metal grid;
- roofing material (metal tile or slate);
- insulation;
- two frames for windows, glass;
- the door to the poultry house;
- floor mat (sawdust or hay);
- fixing material;
- heaters with power from 3 to 6 kW;
- thermometer and hygrometer for microclimate control;
- 2-3 drinkers;
- feeders (2 pieces for 50 turkeys).
In addition, at this stage, you need to plan if you will need an incubator, as well as equipment for mixing and preparing feed. The cost of building materials is very different from the region of residence.
On average, in Russia, the construction of a 40 m2 turkey house will require 200 thousand rubles.
About breeds
The choice of breed directly affects the profitability of breeding poultry. All varieties of turkeys are usually divided into two large groups - meat and egg. In addition, the cultivation of rare breeds for the sale of young animals is separately distinguished. To begin with, it is recommended to purchase broilers, since they are the least unpretentious and quickly pay off all investments.
Find out which breed of turkeys is the largest by.
Tribal individuals
These are the birds used to repopulate the herd and participate in sexual reproduction. They require special care and attention, and are also much more expensive than other individuals. The price of breeding turkeys starts from 2500 rubles. They are distinguished by their large weight, beautiful plumage and good health.
Breeding individuals are slaughtered at the very last turn (2-3 years of life). As a rule, their meat is not used for sale, as it has a low value and taste.
Broilers
This is the most common group of turkey breeds for breeding for the purpose of selling products. They quickly gain weight, have a large physique. Usually they are kept in cages for rapid weight gain. Egg productivity is medium or high. The price varies from region and breeder level, starts from 350 rubles for a young individual. These breeds include, White broad-breasted turkey, Moscow bronze, Hybrid Converter.
Read about the white broad-breasted turkey.
Laying hens and hens
Turkeys are lighter in weight, so they are more often used to obtain eggs and incubate young. When buying birds for your land, gender composition should be taken into account, since with a large number of males in the herd, fights cannot be avoided. In addition, breeds of the egg direction have been bred, which have the best egg production rates. Recommended breeds are Virgin, Universal, Chiton, White Moscow. The average cost is low due to the low weight of the birds, the price of turkey poults starts at 300 rubles.
How to make the right choice
When choosing a breed, you need to take into account the characteristics of the content, the planned sales market and the characteristics of the productivity of your farm. If you plan to breed birds only for meat, you should not purchase egg breeds. To increase the profitability of the farm, it is recommended to have different breeds so that it is possible to sell not only meat, but also eggs, as well as young animals. For beginner poultry farmers, universal turkeys and crosses are suitable.
It is important to take into account the climatic features in the region. Turkeys have weak immunity, therefore, in cold conditions, outbreaks of infections and chronic diseases are noted. To avoid this, you should take into account the resistance of the breed to diseases, choose the most suitable birds specifically for your farmstead.
About buildings
Premises for keeping birds are the main item of expenditure, as well as necessary condition for breeding. Turkeys are large in size, so the house must be spacious and comfortable for their life. Below we consider the main structures for the farm.
turkey house
In it, birds spend most of their time, spend the night and rest. The poultry house should be spacious and clean, the area of \u200b\u200bthe structure depends on the size of the herd. For a comfortable maintenance of 1 turkey, you need 1 m 2. If there are layers in the herd, they need nests, at least 1 for every 5 turkeys. Straw, hay or sawdust are used as bedding in the room.
Inside the turkey house, it is necessary to place perches at the rate of 50 cm of free space for one bird, they are located at a height of 80 cm.
Males and females need to be kept separately, for this the birds can be placed in different parts of the room or make partitions. For cellular content, strong racks should be equipped. The poultry house must be equipped with a ventilation system and heaters for winter maintenance. Under the windows, a manhole is placed for access to the paddock measuring 50x50 cm.
Walking places
An aviary for daily walking is required to accelerate weight gain and strengthen immunity. For the walking area, you need to leave as much space as possible. Usually it is located on the south side of the turkey house, limiting the area with a canopy and a fence with a height of 2.5 meters. Inside, you can plant clover or alfalfa, or use clean sand mixed with sawdust. Birds need to walk all year round, so in winter it is required to clear the site of snow, add straw for insulation.
In order for the birds to willingly go out for a walk in the aviary, it is advisable to fix the feeders, where grain is poured in winter, and root crops in summer. Small brooms made of hardwood twigs can be hung on the fence grid.
Cells
The cell content is optimal for large farms and industrial breeding of turkeys. One cage can contain up to 1 male or 2 females. They are made of wooden slats or metal mesh. The recommended size is 0.8x0.8x150 cm. For large breeds, the volume can be increased if necessary. To save space in the house, the cages are placed on special racks raised from the ground to a distance of 0.8 m. This method of keeping is only suitable for light and medium breeds.
Brooders
It is a box made of a wooden frame with a metal grate, in which there are turkey poults in the first weeks after birth. Dimensions depend on the number of livestock, no more than 25 chicks can be placed per 1 m2. As a rule, a brooder is built with a length of 1 meter, a height and a width of 0.5 m. Inside, you need to install a heater and a thermometer to control the microclimate, as well as feeders and drinkers. In addition, it is necessary to mount a lighting device.
Read about brooders for turkeys.
Before starting the box for the first time, all elements must be carefully treated with potassium permanganate to avoid infection of turkey poults.
About equipment
Even at the construction stage, it is desirable to purchase everything necessary equipment, since the productivity of birds depends on its use. In addition to a heater and artificial ventilation in the room, equipment for breeding and feeding should be prepared.
Incubators
Required to replenish the number of herds and breeding young animals for subsequent sale. The incubator can be equipped independently, but it is better to purchase a store device. Eggs for incubation can be stored for up to 1 week, before being placed they need to be sorted and discarded. For this purpose, it is desirable to have an ovoscope (cost - from 490 rubles).
The price of incubators starts from 4500 rubles, for large farms you need to buy large and automated models.
For mixing feed
If you are preparing feed for turkeys on your own, then in addition to raw materials, you should purchase special mixers for feed production. Their cost is quite high, so they are used only on large farms. To automate the feeding process, special plate or chain-type feeders, as well as drinkers (round and nipple), should be purchased in advance. Some manufacturers, such as Chainovation, produce complete feeding systems that deliver food quickly and efficiently, mixing it optimally. Please note that feeders for chicks, broilers and standard breeds may differ.
About nutrition
Not only productivity, and therefore your income, but also the health of turkeys depends on the quality and the correct amount of feed. The nutrition of turkeys and adults is significantly different, which is important to consider in the process of keeping.
Turkey poults
It is recommended to feed newborn birds with a prestarter, which contains all the necessary vitamins and minerals for their development (for example, brand PK-5). Mixers are not economical for industrial poultry breeding. From the age of 30 days, turkeys are offered grain (oats, barley or corn). Food should be crushed before serving. Cottage cheese, grated carrots and fishmeal are added to the ground mixture. You must include in your diet needed by the birds dry yeast. Feeding should be done 8-9 times a day.
As a drink, chicks from the first days of life are offered green tea with the addition of 1 tbsp. spoons of sugar for every liter. Starting from day 4, turkeys can be transferred to ordinary water.
What to feed the turkeys will tell.
young growth
From the age of 60 days, the diet of turkeys can be varied. Usually they are fed with compound feed for young birds, or the ingredients are steamed to a state of porridge. From now on, you can give dry or fresh herbs, legumes, root vegetables and cake. Meals should be 4-5 times a day in small portions.
adults
Turkeys are picky in food, so nutrition must be approached very carefully. It is best to purchase ready-made feed, which contains all the necessary substances. If you are preparing food yourself, then it should include:
- roots;
- legumes, grains of cereals (up to 70% of the total diet);
- meal and cake;
- greenery;
- meat and bone or fish meal;
- germinated grains and yeast.
Feeding is carried out 3 times a day, in winter it is imperative to give additional mineral supplements. These can be purchased formulations, or poplar or linden leaves.
In summer, the diet of turkeys can be diversified with food available in the warm period - fresh grass, caterpillars and worms. They contain a large amount of protein, so they are especially useful for broilers.
When slaughtered for meat
Preparation for slaughter can begin after the birds have gained 12 kg, which usually occurs at the age of 8 months. Broilers are ready for this process earlier, starting from 4-6 months. If you skip the preparation, the meat will be tough and less tender. To do this, you need to stop feeding for 14 hours, and also place the birds in a dark room with free access to water. Direct slaughter is carried out at the age of 1-1.5 years. From the age of 2, birds lose value in meat, which has a lower market value.
About cutting
After slaughter, plucking of feathers and down is carried out (dry or wet method, or the use of paraffin). This is best done immediately after exsanguination. Next, the carcass must be washed, pull out the hemp with tweezers and singe the skin. Before the paws are removed, as well as the wings along the elbow joint. The head is chopped up to 2 vertebrae of the neck. An incision must be made along the entire neck, leaving 13 skin, then cut a line along the peritoneum with a knife and remove internal organs. At this point, it is very important not to touch the gallbladder, which will lead to spoilage of the meat.
Investments and business payback
With self-breeding birds, all costs are reduced to the following items:
- purchase of young stock- 20 turkeys, 4000 rubles;
- poultry house construction and equipment an area of 40 m 2, 200 thousand;
- feed, 10,000;
- veterinary expenses, 3000.
The business will begin to make a profit only after 4-6 months when keeping broilers or crosses. By this age, birds reach 12-15 kg, which is optimal for sale. To begin with, it is recommended to sell only 10 birds in order to replenish the herd population in a timely manner. 1 kg of turkey costs 200 rubles, so the initial income will be only 30 thousand rubles. It is desirable to spend this money on the purchase of feed and young animals. Thus, the net income is 18-20 thousand with an established sales market. The profitability of the turkey farming business is up to 100% with a herd of 20 individuals. The first investment fully pays off only after 12-14 months.
In addition, you can sell eggs and young animals, but for small farms this income item is minimal, so it is advisable to focus only on meat.
Video
Video about business on turkeys.
conclusions
- Growing turkeys as a business is a profitable venture, but certain knowledge and skills are required to carry out the work yourself.
- You can make a profit from the sale of meat, eggs and reared young animals.
- Profitability is up to 100%, the average payback is 12-14 months. The minimum amount to start a farm is 217 thousand rubles.
- Turkey meat is valued on the market all year round, but sales markets (shops, public catering or private ads) should be thought out in advance.
- The productivity and health of birds, as well as the profitability of the farm, depend on the quality, proper nutrition and compliance with cultivation technology.
Growing a turkey as a business is one of the most popular types of business in the countryside. It is similar to chicken breeding, but unlike the usual in Russia poultry, the turkey grows up to 40 kg. Accordingly, from the sale of one Mexican bird, you can get a much larger amount than from a chicken. For more rural business ideas, read the article:
Growing a Turkey as a Business - Corral Costs
You can start such a business with 30 goals. For such a quantity, a paddock of 25m2 will be enough. You can build it according to the scheme of a conventional barn from boards. This will require about 50 thousand rubles. It is possible to insulate part of the building for adults with polyethylene. Chickens will need a heated brooder. This will require about 10 thousand rubles.
In the corral, there must be nests on a hill at the rate of 1 nest for 5-6 layers. In addition, cages for small chickens are obligatory: one cage 40x40x60 is enough for 25 heads. So in our case we need 2 cells.
Adults are unpretentious, but for young turkeys you need to create the most comfortable conditions. To do this, it is important to protect them from frost, dampness and drafts.
Buying chicks and layers
It is advised to buy chickens on farms where they are professionally bred and raised. When buying in private hands, you run the risk of acquiring weak or sick individuals. Such birds, even if they survive, still bring a lot of trouble. Many of their chicks may die or infect others, and this is a big financial loss for you. The average cost of one turkey chicken is 250 rubles. The purchase of 30 goals will take 7,500 rubles.
An adult at the age of 6 months costs 11,500 rubles, two individuals of both sexes are enough to get eggs. After 4-6 months, about 30 eggs can be obtained from them.
fixed costs
A monthly expense in a business like raising a turkey is the cost of feeding and maintaining a comfortable environment. The turkey is usually fed with grain crops, but this is not enough.
Add bone meal to your bird's diet to help turkeys replenish their calcium balance during the winter. And the addition of lard and vegetable oil to poultry feed will make its meat more juicy and tender. The average cost of feeding 32 heads is 7,000 rubles.
Raising the chicks will require heat, which requires electricity. Uninterrupted heating of two cages for chicks will result in about 1000 rubles per month.
Sale of turkey meat
As mentioned earlier, turkey breeding is beneficial due to its large weight. So, the average weight of a male is 30 kg, and pure meat from this weight is about 23 kg. The female, on the other hand, has smaller dimensions: up to 10 kg on average, and pure meat - 6 kg.
For 5.5 months, the male grows completely, and at this time it can already be slaughtered. The female can bring you profit after 4 months. It is better to acquire chicks at two weeks of age. It turns out that the first profit from females can be expected after 3.5 months, and from males - after 5 months.
We offer to divide all the purchased livestock of chicks into two parts: 28 males for sale, 1 female and male for reproduction. By the way, the females of this bird rush only after one year of age. For 4 months, it is possible to get about 70 eggs from one female.
With an average price of 250 rubles per 1 kg, after 5 months you will receive the first profit - about 161,000 rubles.
Ratio of income and expenses
To set up a turkey breeding business, you will need:
Construction of a paddock - 50 thousand rubles
Warming - 10 thousand rubles
Purchase of 30 heads - 7,500 rubles
Purchase of adults - 23,000
Feed for the first 5 months - 35,000 rubles
Electricity for the first 5 months - 5,000 rubles
Total: 130,500 rubles
Since the first five months you will need to raise the acquired chickens, you need to be prepared for constant investment. That is, you will immediately have to spend 72,000 for construction, insulation, purchase of chicks and food for 1 month. After that, it will be necessary to spend 8 thousand rubles a month to pay for utilities and buy food. But after these 5-6 months, the first profit will cover all initial expenses - 161,000 rubles.
In a month, you will have a new stock on the way, which in 4-6 months will bring about 150,000 more (depending on the sex of the hatched individual). It turns out that by purchasing 30 chicks and 2 adults, you get about 150,000 rubles in six months.
The costs for this period will amount to 48,000 rubles (for food and heating), i.e. profit - 102,000 rubles. Further, it is only a matter of breeding - by constantly increasing the number of turkeys, you will also increase your profits.
Growing potatoes for sale. Profitable seasonal business. Growing champignon mushrooms as a business. Profitable, fast-payback investment.
Farms for breeding turkeys have gained immense popularity among businessmen. This is a profitable, fast payback business with a wide range of benefits, low investment and high profitability. For its organization, a competent approach is needed, which will take into account all the nuances of this matter.
There are three main varieties of turkeys, each of which has its own characteristics. For convenience, they were divided according to the weight of the birds:
- heavy;
- medium;
- lungs.
The first type is large birds, with high growth rates. By 4 months, the weight of females will vary from 8 to 11 kg, and for males from 19 to 23 kg. To grow these turkeys, maintenance must also be observed. With their observance, they grow up healthy and strong. This type of bird is best suited for large industrial complexes that use intensive cultivation technologies.
Females of the middle type weigh about 5–7 kg by 4 months, and males 13–17 kg. This variety is not so capricious in care and feeding and shows the best performance. This option is best for farms.
The light type has the best indicators of early maturity, but the smallest weight. The carcass of a bird weighs only about 3 kg, by 4 months. Today it is the most unpopular variety, they are bred very rarely.
The main varieties of turkeys and their hybrids
There are a little more than 40 breeds of turkeys in the world. They are divided not only by physique, but also by color and breeding productivity. They can be divided into two subgroups of breeds:
- oviparous;
- meat.
The former have less weight, but bring more eggs, while the latter vice versa. In addition, turkeys differ in specialized traits, which can be divided into paternal and maternal groups.
The paternal ones are characterized by high growth rates, and the maternal ones are characterized by the best level of egg production and hatchability of eggs. When they are crossed, hybrids are obtained, breeders call this a cross. It can consist of 2, 3 and 4 lines, according to the number of crossed birds.
In our country, a two-line cross was bred, which is called "Universal". These turkey hybrids have the best hardiness, regardless of what is ideal for our difficult climatic conditions. In addition, their content does not require large investments for. Breeding turkeys of the "Universal" hybrid, you can grow birds weighing from 4.5 to 11 kg and bringing from 70 to 80 eggs suitable for subsequent incubation.
Foreign breeders have relied on the weight of the bird and received the following popular hybrids:
- "Big-6";
- "Hybird";
- "Cuddy".
These birds are more demanding on. However, by growing them, you can get carcasses weighing from 10 to 25 kg, but in terms of egg production and hatchability, laying hens of these hybrids are inferior to our "Universal".
According to the taste of meat, these hybrids are suitable for the manufacture of various delicacies, but before choosing one of them, you should evaluate the real possibilities to provide them with decent conditions. Otherwise, most chicks are just .
Birds for eggs
Consider the most popular breeds of birds that bring the maximum number of eggs and are suitable for growing in our country:
White broad-breasted
The most in the world is a white broad-breasted turkey. It is these birds that have the best egg-laying properties. They grow well in almost any weather, with the exception of the strip extreme north. Egg-laying begins at 9 months and stretches for six months. During this period, from 90 to 120 eggs can be collected with an average weight of about 85 g. When this breed is slaughtered, a white carcass is obtained with high meat yield.
Moscow white and bronze
These are two subgroups of the same breed, which differ in the color of plumage and carcasses at slaughter. Due to their strong physique, these birds are best suited for breeding in the non-chernozem regions of our country. They have good egg production and hatchability. Egg-laying starts at 9 months of age in normal housing and 3 months earlier in controlled light conditions. On average, one turkey will bring from 80 to 100 eggs, weighing 85 g. When slaughtering adult birds, carcasses from 7.5 to 14 kg of white or pinkish color are obtained, depending on skin color and plumage.
North Caucasian white
These turkeys were bred quite recently, but quickly gained popularity. This is a breed with one of the highest egg production rates. The live weight of a turkey varies from 6 to 7 kg, and that of a turkey from 12 to 13 kg. When slaughtered, white carcasses are obtained with high rates of meat yield. Oviposition begins at 9 months and lasts about six months. On average, one laying hen will give 100–120 eggs, with an average weight of 85 to 100 g. It is not uncommon for this breed to have record holder turkeys that produce up to 180 eggs.
Breeds for meat
In the subgroup of meat turkeys in our country, the following breeds are most popular.
North Caucasian bronze
This breed was bred in the middle of the last century by our breeders. They were obtained by crossing with bronze Dutch turkeys. The live weight of birds varies from 5 to 7 kg in females and from 15 to 17 kg in males. Oviposition begins at 9 months and lasts about six months. During this time, you can get 80–90 eggs, weighing from 85 to 100 g.
North Caucasian bronze turkeys grow best in grazing conditions, so in our country they are best bred in black earth regions. Breed, but has one small minus. When slaughtered, dark tan marks are visible on the carcass, which does not contribute to giving a presentation. However, her taste qualities are very good, so they are best sold for the manufacture of meat delicacies.
bronze broad-breasted
American breed, bred in the middle of the last century on the basis of the North Caucasian bronze turkey. These birds are characterized by high live weight. On average, the weight of the female varies from 7 to 8 kg, and the male from 13 to 15 kg. Oviposition begins at the age of 10 months and lasts about six months. Laying hens give 70–80 eggs, weighing about 95 g. They are unpretentious to feeding. Suitable for breeding in central Russia.
North Caucasian white
This breed is a champion in growth. Already by 40 weeks the bird reaches its maximum weight. The live weight of turkeys is about 5–7 kg, and turkeys 12–15 kg. Egg laying starts at 9 months. During this cycle, the laying hen will produce from 40 to 75 eggs, with an average weight of about 80 g. Despite the low laying rate, this breed has a high percentage of fertilization. On average, 75–80% of the eggs hatch into turkey poults. When slaughtered, a white carcass is obtained with good meat yield.
Nuances of breeding
For breeding turkeys, it will be required in which it will be necessary to equip nests for laying hens and perches. It should be warm, clean, dry and fairly spacious. It is worth calculating its size by the number of turkeys. On average, about 40-50 square meters will be required. see each bird.
Feeding
Consider an approximate diet with the calculation of products in grams for each bird with an average weight of about 4 kg.
Diseases of turkeys
Here are some examples of the most common types and how to treat them:
- Histomonosis. Age from 20 to 90 days. Signs - lack of appetite and diarrhea for 2-4 days after the disease, in some cases, the head and paws of the chick turn black. It is being treated. The drug should be given 10 mg for every 1 kg of live weight three times a day for 10 days.
- Paratyphoid. Age from 3 to 30 days. Signs - lack of appetite, tearing, unsteadiness while walking, lack of appetite. It is treated with trimerazine at the rate of 1 g per 1 kg of live weight once a day and mepatar, added to drinking water at the rate of 10 g per 5 liters.
Diseases of turkeys
- . This is a contagious runny nose, which manifests itself in the autumn-winter period. He talks about the lack of vitamins "A" and "B". Diversify the food.
- . It is no longer possible to cure a sick bird, but it is possible to prevent the spread of tuberculosis bacillus with the help of daylight.
- . In turkeys, this disease is treated very difficult and only under the supervision of a veterinarian. Spread can be prevented by regular room disinfection.
- . This disease is not subject to treatment. It speaks of the accumulation of solid food in the crop. The diet of birds should be reviewed.
- . With this disease, the bird eats everything that catches its eye: bedding, upholstery, etc. For treatment, you need to diversify your diet.
- . Birds become infected through water. This disease is not subject to treatment. After slaughter, the carcass must be burned, the room must be disinfected. For prevention, you need to use a vaccine.
Financial investments
If we consider breeding turkeys as a business, then the following expense items should be taken into account:
- Equipment or construction of a poultry house. In the first case, from 10 to 20 thousand rubles, in the second, from 100 to 900 thousand rubles, depending on the size and availability of additional premises (for example, a slaughterhouse).
- Purchase of chicks. The cost of 1 chick varies from 100 to 300 rubles.
- . This item of expenditure must be calculated from the number of herds and the region of residence. In central Russia, it takes from 8 to 12 thousand rubles to feed 20 heads from spring to the end of summer.
Profit and payback
The biggest expense item is the poultry house. If not, then the payback of this business is 3 years. With the availability of premises and the purchase of at least 20 heads of turkeys, it is possible already in the first year of breeding.
Consider an example:
- 10 turkeys and 10 turkeys were purchased for 200 rubles. for a chick. Consumption 4000 rubles.
- It took 10 thousand rubles to re-equip the premises.
- The purchase of feed cost 12 thousand rubles.
At the end of the season, if they decide to kill all the birds, then about 24 thousand rubles will be received for males, and 14 thousand rubles for females. In this case, the profit will be 12 thousand rubles.
Another source of income may be the sale of eggs or one-day-old chicks. The cost of eggs for incubation is 100 rubles. a piece. One-day-old chicks 100-300 rubles. a piece. Let's say each laying hen gave 80 eggs. In total, you can earn from 80 thousand rubles on the sale of eggs.
After each year, half of the profits must be left to cover the costs of the next season. However, even under such conditions, the net profit will be more than 50 thousand rubles.
Please note that the example considered the case when all acquired chicks survived. This is quite difficult to achieve. On average, the loss of one-day-old chicks with proper care is about 2% for females and 6% for males. Even taking into account the case, the turkey breeding business remains profitable and quickly pays off.
Business Personnel
The need for staff depends on the number of animals in the herd. With a large livestock, a poultry house will be required to feed the turkeys and clean the premises. Slaughterer, if a slaughterhouse is provided. Visiting, and with a large livestock, a permanent veterinarian. Temporary accountant for reporting, declarations and other documentation. A courier driver who will simplify the delivery of meat and eggs to the points of sale.
Sales market
Farmers need to find markets in advance, where they will supply finished products. It can be:
- Markets.
- The shops.
- Factories for the production of meat delicacies and sausages.
- Restaurants.
- Companies for the production of semi-finished meat products.
Pros and cons of running a business
Every business has its advantages and disadvantages. Let's take a closer look at what can be attributed to the pros and cons of breeding turkeys.
Advantages:
- Fresh dietary meat.
- Fast payback.
- Diet eggs.
- big market sales.
- The high cost of buying meat and eggs.
- The unpretentiousness of birds, with the right choice of breed.
- Opportunity to save money on grazing.
Flaws:
- High percentage of mortality of one-day-old chicks.
- The need for additional costs for the treatment of livestock.
- Low egg production.
Despite the shortcomings, the profitability of this business is about 100%. With a competent approach, from the first year you can get good profit, at a relatively low cost.
Ducks are really appropriate now, and turkeys are especially promising. Today we will consider breeding turkeys as a business: is it profitable or not, reviews of experienced entrepreneurs in this area, financial calculations of the profitability of the project and various tips on running a turkey farm.
What is this business?
IN this moment breeding turkeys as a business can be perceived as an extremely promising business idea. This direction differs from others in that it does not yet have high competition in the market in Russia, although it is quite popular in other countries, especially in the USA.
What is remarkable this business can be much more profitable than raising chickens, due to the rapid growth of the turkey and the rapid gaining of large weight. Therefore, it is really important to arouse demand among the people for these products, and this is not difficult to do.
Turkey meat can be served as an excellent substitute for chicken also because it is a dietary product, while it contains many useful elements such as protein and iron. In addition, like any meat, turkey is relevant at absolutely any time of the year, week, day.
Of course, this business project will require some investments at the start, but a competent strategy will allow you to earn really big money, besides, our costs are much lower than in America.
What format should you choose?
A novice entrepreneur should first decide on the format of his project. The turkey business has several poultry breeding options. What they depend on and what they imply, it is worth considering in detail:
- Extensive - ideal for breeding in the southern regions of the country. It is a territory with a poultry house and a pasture, with a separate zone from rain and sun. With this option, the bird is on the street two months before the actual slaughter for meat, eating exclusively grass and insects, which allows you not to spend money on feed. Livestock in this case develops immunity to diseases. Minus - this method is seasonal (in the warm season).
- Cellular - in this case, the cultivation of turkeys takes place specifically in cells, and lined up in several tiers. In such conditions, only light and medium crosses can be kept. The cell method is perfect for raising females for slaughter, and breeding young animals for sale in this way is quite simple. Many farmers also try to combine this option with artificial insemination, which allows them to get much more eggs. It is worth noting that it is not worth keeping individuals in cages for a long time, this will ruin the entire livestock. This method is needed for quick slaughter or sale.
- Floor - as opposed to extensive this method It is used most often in cold regions as the most beneficial. In this case, heavy cross-country turkeys are kept, although other breeds can also be bred in this way. The floor method assumes the presence of a fairly spacious room insulated with sawdust with communications and heating. Usually, farmers do not dare to keep young animals on the floor so that they are not trampled by adults. In addition, all birds will need to be divided into breed, age and family sections.
Great advice for beginners from experienced farmers, it is worth using each of the above methods in breeding, however, skillfully. This will help you promote your business in the most efficient way.
What breed to choose?
When writing a business plan, decide what is more important to you. Breeding turkeys requires the purchase of three types of crosses: light, medium and heavy. Heavy turkeys eat more and take more energy in terms of care, but you can take much more meat from them.
Beginners are advised to deal with light and medium breeds rather because of their ease of care, and besides, they are less prone to diseases. A novice entrepreneur should stop at turkeys of the following breeds:
- bronze or white broad-breasted;
- North Caucasian;
- station wagon;
- big-6.
Many of them have an increased level of egg laying (80-120 eggs), as well as a large body weight. Pay attention to the recommendations of the seller: which breed is suitable for cellular content, and which one for outdoor.
How to buy livestock?
In order to breed turkeys, you should first learn how to choose them correctly. As in other poultry areas, here the farmer buys eggs, young or already adult laying hens, and the older the individual, the more it costs. For beginners, it is best to start by buying a monthly young.
Such a turkey is already hardy enough and healthy enough to change habitat, and can also already eat standard feed. Eggs are unprofitable, as they require additional purchase hatcheries, and also spend a really long time hatching and money for special food.
It is more difficult to decide with eggs which of them will be able to give birth and bring a healthy individual, while young animals allow us to evaluate at least external characteristics turkeys. By the way, it is worth buying young animals for business in early February so that they can grow up by the time natural food appears on the street.
Be sure to read reviews about the supplier before buying, as well as find out more information about the parents and vaccinations of the purchased livestock.
How are care and feeding carried out?
To properly organize your business on turkeys, you will have to learn how to care for them. Some write that caring for this bird is quite laborious, but learning how to do it is actually not so difficult.
First of all, it is worth dealing with feed. If you are able to additionally plant oats, wheat and various legumes at home, then the cost of purchasing feed will be significantly reduced. You will need to buy additionally only chalk and vitamins.
It is extremely important to follow a certain diet of the bird, including all the necessary products in the diet. This will have a positive effect on breeding: turkeys will produce more healthy eggs, individuals will gain the desired weight faster, and the meat will become much tastier.
Do not forget that good nutrition strengthens immunity and resistance to diseases. To do this, it is worth giving more vitamin E to young animals and birds preparing for slaughter. It is also worth remembering the following rules for keeping birds:
- Protect livestock from moisture and drafts.
- Try to change the bedding on the floor regularly.
- Monitor the filling and serviceability of feeders and drinkers.
- Do not let droppings get into the drinkers and feeders.
- Try to completely eliminate low-quality feed from the bird's diet.
- Separate sections of young and adults.
- Make fences to prevent bird contact with wild animals.
- If possible, eliminate all stress for the bird.
The importance of a clear planning of farm management cannot be ruled out here, if you change places in the pasture area in time for walking, forage and unoccupied areas, then you can reduce the cost of feeding and increase the yield of products.
What personnel will be required for the project?
When writing a breeding business plan, do not forget about having your own staff. Naturally, you will not need so many people, but you cannot do without additional hands and specialists. Specifically, a turkey farm requires the following list of employees:
- two employees caring for the livestock;
- driver transporting carcasses or young animals;
- avian veterinarian;
- marketer, he is also a customer search manager.
Of course, even for the vacancies of workers who follow the bird, it is better to take already experienced people who do not have to be taught the basics. In medical terms, the project does need a qualified specialist who is able to give official papers on the health of the bird. It is worth concluding an agreement with the clinic and calling a specialist once to pay him for each examination and vaccination separately.
Here you can download for free to use it as an example for your own.
What is the profitability of the project?
Considering the breeding of turkeys as a business, it remains only to calculate whether it is profitable or not. To do this, take as an example a turkey farm for 100 heads, built from scratch by a beginner:
| Expense line | Amount of expenses, thousand rubles | |
| 1 | Initial rent for two months | 20 |
| 2 | Building a poultry house and its repair | 100 |
| 3 | Purchase of the first livestock | 50 |
| 4 | Public utilities | 10 |
| 5 | Paperwork | 5 |
| 6 | Wage all staff | 35 |
| 7 | Purchasing additional feed | 15 |
| 8 | Purchasing additional inventory | 10 |
| 9 | Marketing campaign and market search | 2 |
| 10 | Transport costs | 35 |
| 11 | Unexpected expenses | 10 |
| Total: | 292 |
A fairly small amount start-up capital covered by the fact that farmers do not receive profits monthly. The cost of a grown young turkey for sale is approximately 300-500 rubles, one egg on the market can be sold for 40 rubles.
If you sell meat, then a kilogram of turkey meat has a fairly large spread from 200 to 400 rubles, depending on the characteristics of the turkey. Thus, the income for the year is approximately 400 thousand rubles, which makes a net profit of 100 thousand rubles.
Video: turkey breeding as a business in the village.
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