Reader in legal psychology. Special part.
PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Encyclopedia of legal psychology.
Ed. A.M. Stolyarenko.
The program of psychological assistance to police officers. Departmental legal act regulating the volume and procedure for the implementation of organizational, socio-psychological and medical-psychological measures with personnel, determining the sources of funding, responsible officials, the content of rehabilitation work with employees and its stages, the forms and methods of psychological work used with employees in full-time and extreme conditions, with service teams, members of the families of the victims, etc. It is built on the principles of mandatory conduct, complexity and consistency.
The work program of the cabinet of psychological regulation. A set of activities carried out with POO employees in order to organize prenosological prevention of deviations in health status, mental maladjustment or initial manifestations of neuropsychic instability, including acute stress and post-traumatic stress disorders. The program is implemented in several stages:
The first stage consists in examining employees in the form of an individual or group psychodiagnostic examination, an individual interview in order to determine individual psychological characteristics, indications for psychological rehabilitation and the formation of groups for psychological correction. According to the results of the survey, employees are divided into 3 groups. Group 1 - practically healthy. Employees are provided with vacations and other benefits provided for by applicable law. If possible, a repeated psychodiagnostic examination is carried out after 6 months - 1 year. Group 2 - those with functional, prenosological deviations in the state of health. With them, rehabilitation and recovery measures are carried out and a repeated control psychodiagnostic examination is carried out 6 months after the completion of the course. 3rd group - patients. After an in-depth examination in psychological diagnostic centers, these employees are sent for outpatient or inpatient treatment. A repeated psychodiagnostic examination is carried out by a psychologist 1 month after the end of treatment.
At the second stage rehabilitation measures are carried out for employees assigned to the second group of those surveyed, in several sessions in accordance with the need, determined by the psychologist of the office, according to the following sample program. Session 1 - group (individual) interview; relaxation video therapy; conducting a debriefing on the events experienced; conducting sessions of neuromuscular relaxation and autogenic training; conducting a session of "Art Therapy"; individual psychological counseling and correction of psychological conditions, the use of physio- and phytotherapeutic methods and means. Session 2 - learning methods of self-regulation with the help of breathing exercises and their implementation; musical relaxation therapy; training in the methodology of self-regulation "Key"; a session of mobilizing autogenic training; mobilizing video therapy; psychoconsulting, psychocorrectional, physio- and phytotherapeutic methods and means. Session 3 - video training of business and everyday communication; group discussion of unresolved problems and the general state; individual psychological counseling and correction of post-stress conditions, the use of physio- and phytotherapeutic methods and means; gym, sauna. If necessary, individual employees may be offered additional individual and group psycho-rehabilitation measures.
For each employee sent to the office, the psychologist draws up an observational file. It is conducted in strict accordance with the normative legal acts on human rights and taking into account the Code professional ethics psychologist. The document is stored until the employee leaves the service and is destroyed in the prescribed manner. In the event of an employee being transferred to another unit for further service, the supervisory file is sent to the psychologist (personnel office) of this unit.
(Maryin M.I., Brodchenko O.I., Petrov V.E.)
Psychological correction in VET. PC is a directed psychological impact on a person in order to ensure its full development and functioning. Psychocorrectional work is largely related to the development of personality. There are individual and group forms of psycho-correctional work. PC, can be carried out on the initiative of not only the employee himself, but also a full-time psychologist. Individual forms of PC in many respects intersect with the procedure of psychological counseling. Group psycho-correctional work often gives a much greater psychological effect than communication between an employee and a psychologist. According to K. Levin, it is easier to change individuals gathered in a group than to change each of them individually. Psychocorrective groups differ in their target orientation (changes in states, development of social important qualities, self-actualization); by the nature of the tasks to be solved (development of sensitivity, self-confidence, organizational skills, etc.); according to the theoretical concept (groups of transactional analysis, auto-training, skills training, gestalt groups, NLP, etc.). The methodology for conducting psycho-correctional work in groups is based on the belief that a person himself is able to realize his problems and discuss them together with the group. There are the following principles for organizing group psycho-correctional work: 1) personal responsibility (the results of training and personal growth depend, first of all, on oneself); 2) self-disclosure (disclosure of one's "I" to other people is a sign of a healthy personality, protects against the construction of a false external "I"); 3) the principle of "here and now" (it analyzes not the past, but the present, personally significant problems); 4) the principle " feedback» (group members express their attitude to the inappropriate behavior of others); 5) the principle of humanity (respect for each other, acceptance of people as they are, everyone makes their own decision on the need for correction).
(L.N. Volina)
Psychological assistance to employees. PP (along with legal, medical, etc.) is a type of practical assistance, expressed in helping employees independently overcome the psychological difficulties of mastering official duties, performing them at the proper level, getting used to the conditions of service, and successfully completing the service. Help is provided when employees do not cope well with difficulties themselves.
Relatively simple forms of PP have always been used by colleagues, managers and mentors: psychological support (by promoting internal mobilization); psychological orientation (improvement of psychological awareness); psychological assistance (by connecting to the direct overcoming of difficulties). With the creation of psychological services in VET, their employees not only participate in these forms of assistance, but also use others that require special qualifications: psychological counseling (facilitating decision-making to overcome difficulties); psychological rehabilitation (assistance in the restoration of emotional and volitional states and psychological capacity).
PP is not identical to all psychological support for the activities of employees, but is its integral part. In addition to the main purpose, it performs a special role - "weaving" directly into professional life personnel, serves to develop and strengthen moral relations among them.
PP methods are varied. These include: showing empathy; approval of views, attitudes, intentions and actions; revealing the limitations of erroneous judgments and actions; shifting emphasis from experiencing failures to prospects and successes; inspiration from positive examples of overcoming adversity; drawing attention to the implicit causes of specific psychological difficulties; systematics of factors causing these difficulties; assessment of individual opportunities to overcome them; joint search for psychological dependencies of problem situations; analytical transformation of problems to a more solvable form; identification of hidden and combined options for their resolution; psychological "safety net", "substitution", "playing along" in relation to persons overcoming difficulties; psychophysical relaxation; debriefing; clarification of meaningful professional and life motives; revealing the importance of spiritual self-determination and development; and etc.
(E.V. Petukhov)
Psychological assistance to police officers in the combat zone. It is a system of measures carried out by employees of psychological support units in order to maintain the optimal level of professional adaptation and socio-psychological status of employees of internal affairs bodies performing combat missions, restoring and improving their performance. The main areas of work are: the implementation of a set of works aimed at reducing deaths, injuries, violations of official discipline and legality, crimes and emergencies among personnel; implementation of a set of measures for psychological support of counter-terrorist operations; application of psychological knowledge in solving problems to ensure the personal safety of employees; diagnostics of the moral-psychological and psycho-physiological state of employees; implementation of a set of recovery measures (for example, relieving excessive stress through the use of a set of methods and techniques); conducting individual psychological counseling with managers of all levels on the organization of work with personnel, as well as with employees on topical personal and family problems.
(Maryin M.I., Petrov V.E.)
Psychological work with wounded police officers. Measures aimed at processing traumatic experiences by a wounded employee of the internal affairs bodies and integrating it into a positive life experience. The need for psychological work is due to the fact that a favorable mental state is necessary for the success of treatment. The wounded often have symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder: intrusive memories, low mood, insomnia, unexplained anxiety, increased irritability, nervousness, depression, hypervigilance, memory disorder, etc.
Methods of psychological work can be the following: observation, empathic listening, clinical conversation (for diagnosing a psychological state, collecting a psychological history), debriefing (to minimize psychological consequences, prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder syndrome), resocialization (work with close relatives), short-term psychocorrectional methods (psychological resuscitation of pain, the logic of events; relieving stress on past events, erasing experiences, working with aggression, loss, the dynamics of grief, searching for resources and projections for the future), special psychotherapeutic techniques (psychotherapeutic metaphors, trance techniques, self-regulation techniques, techniques " Life path "and" Key ", rational and respiratory therapy, etc.).
In the work of a psychologist with the wounded, the following stages can be distinguished: a) adaptation to the conditions of the hospital, vivid emotional experiences (this period can be short if the psychologist is prepared to work with the wounded); b) constructive stage - active work with the wounded; c) the stage of denial, at which the psychologist is so identified with the wounded that he may experience symptoms of a psychological stress disorder, namely: somatic manifestations, increased anxiety, inability to relax, denial of one's own experiences, obsessive dreams; d) the stage of analysis - the transfer of negative reactions to the conscious level; e) readaptation to normal service conditions. For psychologically prepared employees, the rehabilitation period is easier. They are aimed at cooperating with a psychologist, and are also more contact and sociable with other wounded. When working with employees who have not undergone professional psychological training, psychologists have to expend additional efforts to overcome negative reactions and resistance, refusal to help, distrust of psychologists, and denial of the rehabilitation problem, which significantly lengthens the rehabilitation period.
(Maryin M.I., Petrov V.E.)
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
RUSSIAN FEDERATION
KRASNODAR UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PEDAGOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
IN STAFF ACTIVITIES
OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS
METHODOLOGICAL MATERIALS
students in the specialty
030900.62 Law
Krasnodar
Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies: Educational and methodological materials for students of the faculty of distance learning (specialty 030900.62 Jurisprudence) / Compiled by Krasnodar: Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013. - 33 p.
Discussed and approved at a meeting of the Department of Psychology and Pedagogy on November 17, 2012, Protocol No. 7
© Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2013.
I. General guidelines for students on the study of the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies."
The course “Psychology in the activities of law enforcement officers” is of great importance for the professional training of future law enforcement officers.
Employees of internal affairs bodies, due to the specifics of their professional activities, have to work with people on a daily basis. The list of their functional duties, involving the processes of communication and management, is extensive. They conduct conversations, interrogations, interrogations, public speaking, etc.
In the process of implementing these and other measures, internal affairs officers often need to establish psychological contact and trusting relationships with citizens, encourage them to act in the interests of the law, and persuade them to give truthful testimony. They need to be able to determine the mental state of the interlocutor, control themselves in a difficult, extreme situation of physical and psychological confrontation with a criminal, have an educational impact on a minor who has embarked on the wrong path in life, find words of consolation for the victim, a person who has suffered from criminal encroachments.
The tasks of fighting crime require that in the new social conditions modern Russia employees of the internal affairs bodies had a high level of psychological preparation, similar to that which has always distinguished the best Russian detectives and their colleagues from the police of other countries of the world.
Objectives of the discipline:
The purpose of mastering the discipline "Psychology in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies" is the formation of cadets' psychological skills and abilities that allow them to ensure the high-quality implementation of professional activities; teach tricks effective communication with various categories of citizens and conflict resolution in official activities.
Discipline tasks:
To form an idea of the role of psychological knowledge in professional activity employees of internal affairs bodies;
To teach cadets (listeners) the psychological features of the negotiation process;
To form professional communication skills in the process of establishing psychological contact;
To teach cadets (students) to use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions.
As a result of studying the discipline, the cadet (listener) must:
Know:
Psychological features of the activities of employees of various law enforcement services; (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK - 7, OK-8, OK - 10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PC-15, PC-16, PC -20);
Fundamentals of psychoprophylaxis of negative psychological conditions (OK-8, OK - 11, PC-25);
Psychological requirements for the personality of a law enforcement officer (OK-1, OK-5, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-10, PC- 13, PK-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);
Psychological foundations of professional communication of law enforcement officers (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);
Causes and psychological foundations for preventing and resolving conflicts in professional activities (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);
Psychological foundations for the production of investigative actions (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-5, PC-10, PC-13, PC-14, PK-15, PK-16, PK-20, PK-25);
Psychological characteristics of participants in the criminal process (OK-1, OK-6, OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, PC-2, PC-10, PC-14, PC-16, PC-20, PC-25) .
Be able to:
Use psychological knowledge in the process of professional activity (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);
Correctly build communication with colleagues in the service team and with citizens (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25);
Diagnose the causes of the conflict, develop and apply behavioral strategies during the conflict, use various methods and ways to prevent and positively resolve conflicts (OK-5, OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, PC-5, PC-25);
Use the methods of self-regulation of mental states in the process of professional activity, including in extreme conditions (OK-8, OK-10, PC-25).
Own :
Use skills psychological methods and techniques for the effective solution of official tasks (OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-25);
The skills of establishing psychological contact, visual psychodiagnostics and psychological influence, correct behavior in a conflict situation (OK-7, OK-8, OK-10, OK-11, PC-2, PC-10, PC-25);
Positive communication skills in the process of professional activity (OK-7, OK-8, OK-11, OK - 16, PC-2, PC-25).
To better consolidate knowledge in this course, students should pay attention to the close connection of the topics studied with the legal sciences, and rely on knowledge from the relevant previously studied disciplines.
additional literature
§ What is psychology: In 2 volumes - M .: Mir, 2002.
§ Granovskaya practical psychology. - L., 2001.
§ Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Psychology individual differences. Reader, ed. Gippenreiter. M., 2000.
§ Legal psychology. Reader. M., 2000.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Psychic Reflection:
a) is an exact copy of the surrounding reality;
b) is selective;
c) provide a photograph of the impact environment;
d) does not depend on reflection conditions.
2. Socio-psychological manifestations of the personality, its relationship with people is studied by psychology:
b) social;
c) pedagogical;
3. The main method of modern psychology is:
a) testing
b) introspection
c) experiment
d) observation
4. Purposeful, systematically carried out perception of objects, in the knowledge of which the person is interested, is:
a) experiment;
b) content analysis;
c) observation;
d) method of analysis of products of activity.
5. The concept of "self-observation" is synonymous with the term:
a) introversion;
b) introjection;
c) introspection;
d) introscopy.
6. Obtaining by the subject of data on his own mental processes and states at the time of their occurrence or after it is:
a) observation;
b) experiment;
c) testing;
d) self-observation.
7. The active intervention of the researcher in the activities of the subject in order to create conditions for establishing a psychological fact is called:
a) content analysis;
b) product analysis;
c) conversation;
d) experiment.
8. Depending on the situation, an observation can be distinguished:
a) field;
b) solid;
c) systematic,
d) discrete.
9. The ability of the researcher to cause some kind of mental process or property is the main advantage:
a) observations;
b) experiment;
c) content analysis;
d) product analysis.
Topic 2The main socio-psychological characteristics of the personality of a police officer.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of personality in psychology and legal science. Individual, personality, individuality. Biological and social in the structure of personality. Worldview basis, value orientations, orientation, motivational sphere of personality. Basic theories of personality in modern domestic and foreign psychology. The life path of the individual and its socialization. Formation and development of personality (main stages).
The goals of studying personality in the professional activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Psychological methods for studying the personality of subjects of law enforcement activity. Methods and techniques for studying a person's individuality by an employee of the internal affairs bodies. The use by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of psychological knowledge about a person in professional activities.
Knowledge, skills and habits. Skills and skills as structural elements of activity. Education skills and abilities. Motor skills and abilities. Cognitive skills and abilities. Practical skills and abilities. The concept of habit and its place in the structure of activity.
Professiogram of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Social, reconstructive, organized, authenticating, communicative, search activity of an employee of the internal affairs bodies (,).
The general structure of the human motivational sphere. Interests, tasks, desires, intentions as motivational dispositions. The concept of motivation as a conscious and unconscious process. Dispositive and situational determinants of behavior. Correlation of dispositions (motives), needs and goals. A. Maslow's pyramid of needs.
Motivation and personality. Motivation, self-esteem, the level of claims. Behavior of people with different motives in extreme situations. Motivation of prosocial and asocial behavior. Altruism and empathy as motives. Motivation for aggressiveness and frustration.
The concept of abilities. Ability concepts. Abilities and orientation of the individual. The ratio of acquired and natural in abilities. Inclinations as the primary natural basis of abilities. Inclinations. Ability structure. Abilities and typology of people. Psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of internal affairs bodies for service.
The concept of temperament. Types of temperaments and the use of knowledge about them in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies. Distinctive aspects of each type of temperament. Temperament and basic properties of the human nervous system. Psychological characteristics of temperament. Accounting by an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.
The concept of character. The nature and temperament of a person. Typology of characters (E. Kretschmer, K. Leonhard, E. Fromm and others). Character formation. The role of character in the overall structure of personality. The use of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.
Questions to the topic:
1. The emotional sphere of the employee's personality and the ways of its development.
When studying this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the difference between emotions and feelings, as well as the forms of manifestation of emotions. It is especially important to consider such forms as: stress, affect.
2. Volitional sphere of personality.
When considering the issue, it is necessary to study the volitional qualities of a person necessary for employees of the internal affairs bodies and ways to develop volitional qualities.
The most important for employees to study the problems of motivation and orientation of the individual is to consider the motivation of antisocial and criminal behavior.
4. Types of temperament and their consideration in the psychological assessment of a person.
When considering this issue, it is of the greatest importance that an employee of the internal affairs bodies take into account the type of human temperament in the production of investigative actions.
5. Character properties and their consideration when compiling the characteristics of an internal affairs officer.
The study of this issue must begin with a typology of character and the application of knowledge about character in the practice of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies.
6. The structure of human abilities.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to focus on the ratio of acquired and natural abilities, as well as on the psychological criteria for the suitability of employees of the internal affairs bodies for service.
Main literature
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
additional literature
§ Nemov: Proc. For students. - M., 1994. - Book 1.
§ (Psychology of personality. - S.
§ Psychology and pedagogy: Tutorial for universities / Comp. . - M., 1999 (Psychology of personality. General and individual in the human psyche. - C
§ Psychology of Personality. Texts. - M., 1982. (What is a personality (); 11-19. Some features of the psychological structure of personality (): Basic ideal types of personality (E. Spranger): 55-60. Self-actualization (A. Maslow).
Tasks for self-test:
1. Feelings associated with cognitive activity are called feelings:
a) moral
b) intellectual
c) aesthetic
d) practical
2. A strong, persistent, lasting feeling that captures a person and owns him is called:
a) affect
b) passion
c) mood
d) feeling
3. A strong emotional state of an explosive nature that affects the entire personality, characterized by a violent course, a change in consciousness and a violation of volitional control, is:
b) passion
c) frustration
4. Increasing state emotional tension, which arises in conflict situations, obstacles associated with strong motivation - a threat to the well-being of the individual, are:
b) frustration
c) mood
5. States, the content of which is an insurmountable fear of specific situations, objects, creatures or an indefinite objectless fear, are called:
a) affect
b) phobias
c) stress
d) frustration
6. Will - regulation by a person of his behavior, associated with overcoming internal and external obstacles. This regulation:
a) conscious
b) unconscious
c) intuitive
d) involuntary
7. The ability of a person to independently make responsible decisions and steadily implement them in activities characterizes him:
a) persistence
b) independence
c) integrity
d) decisiveness
8. The ability of a person to a long and unrelenting tension of energy, a steady movement towards the intended goal is manifested as:
a) persistence
b) consciousness
c) optimism
d) diligence
9. The ability of a person to determine his actions, focusing not on the pressure of others, not on random influences, but on the basis of his beliefs, knowledge, characterizes him:
a) persistence
b) independence
c) integrity
d) self-confidence
Topic 3. Psychological and pedagogical features of adaptation and deformation of the personality of police officers.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of adaptation. History of studying the problems of adaptation. adaptation mechanisms. levels of adaptation. Types of adaptation. Physiological, mental, social adaptation in the activities of law enforcement officers.
Professional adaptation and its role in the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs. Features of adaptation at different periods of professional development of employees of internal affairs bodies.
Adaptation in extreme conditions. Mechanisms to prevent maladaptation of law enforcement officers.
The concept of "suicide". Theories of suicidal behavior. Psychopathological, psychological, sociological concept of suicidal behavior. Psychological crisis states as a factor one of the factors causing suicide.
Causes, conditions and motives of suicides. Causes of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Anti-suicidal personality factors.
Employee suicide prevention.
Questions to the topic:
1. The concept of adaptation. Types of adaptation.
When studying this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to such types of adaptation as: physiological, psychological, social and professional.
2. Professional deformation.
Consideration of the issue of studying deformation must begin with the concept of "deformation" and "professional deformation".
3. Psychological prevention of professional deformation.
It is advisable to start studying the prevention of professional deformation with the forms of manifestation and methods for preventing professional deformation.
4. Causes, conditions and motives for suicides of police officers.
When considering this issue, the closest attention should be paid to studying the causes and motives for suicides of police officers.
5. Prevention of suicidal behavior of police officers.
This question is aimed at the theoretical study and practical application of preventive measures to prevent suicidal behavior.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Beznosov deformation and personality education // Psychological support of human social development. - L., 1989.
§ Beznosov personality deformation: approaches, concepts, method: Abstract for the degree of Doctor of Psychology. - St. Petersburg, 1997.
§ Belosludtsev of psychological support for the prevention of professional deformation of employees of correctional institutions // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. No. 2. 1997.
§ Borisova deformation of the employee's personality // Encyclopedia of Legal Psychology / Ed. ed. prof. . - M., 2003.
§ Borisov's deformation of police officers and its personal determinants: Abstract for the degree of candidate of psychological sciences. - M., 1998., Tikhonenko of suicidal behavior: Method. Recommendations. M., 1980.
§ Bulatsel from ancient times to the present day. M., 1991.
§ Prevention of suicides of employees of internal affairs bodies. Guidelines under the general editorship. Moscow Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation 1999.
§ Psychological support for the professional activities of police officers. Guidelines. Ed. et al. St. Petersburg, 1998.
Tasks for self-test:
1. A set of physiological reactions that underlies the adaptation of the body to changes in environmental conditions and is aimed at maintaining its relative constancy internal environment called adaptation.
a) physiological
b) psychological
c) social
d) communicative
2. The presence of mechanisms of conscious self-regulation is the main difference:
a) physiological adaptation
b) psychological adaptation
c) social adaptation
d) biological adaptation
3. The adaptation of the individual to the conditions of interaction in society is called:
a) physiological adaptation
b) psychological adaptation
c) social adaptation
d) interactive adaptation
4. The mental state of a person caused by objectively insurmountable difficulties that arose in achieving a goal or solving a problem is called:
a) stress
b) frustration
c) neurosis
d) fatigue
5. A condition characterized by a temporary decrease in performance under the influence of prolonged exposure to a load is called:
a) fatigue
c) stress
d) neurosis
6. Suicidal behavior manifests itself in the following forms:
a) external
b) emotional
c) behavioral
d) characterological
7. Stages of development of suicidal behavior do not include:
a) intentions
c) intentions
8. External forms suicidal behavior is not manifested:
a) depressive states
b) alcohol abuse
c) intentional infliction of harm to one's health
d) causing harm to other people
Topic 4. Psychology of professional communication of police officers.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of communication. Unity of communication and activity. Types of communication. Social adaptation and social autonomy. Communicative, interactive, perceptual aspects of communication. Features of professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies. Communication is the exchange of information. Communication and speech.
Mechanisms and patterns of perception of a person by a person. Communication as interpersonal interaction. Types of psychological influence. social control and social norms as a system of regulation, interaction and relationships between people. Forms and role expectations in communication processes. Communication is the way people understand each other. Basic rules of productive communication.
Questions to the topic:
1. The concept of "communication" in the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies.
When considering this issue, the most important is the analysis of the diversity of definitions of communication and the role of communication in legal practice.
2. Characteristics and content of communication. Mechanisms of influence in the process of communication.
The study of this issue should begin with the peculiarities of the mechanisms of influence in the process of professional communication of police officers.
3. The structure of communication between employees of internal affairs bodies .
The most important in the study of this issue is the psychological feature of each of the parties to the structure of communication.
4. Types of communication between police officers.
When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to the classification of communication and to note the distinctive features of each type of communication.
5.Psychological components of professional communication of employees of internal affairs bodies.
Consideration of this issue aims to familiarize with psychological components professional communication of an employee of the internal affairs bodies: tactics, stages, methods of communication.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Psychology of communication. M., 2002
§ Kazarinova communication. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
Additional literature:
§ Gender and character. – M.: Forum, 1991.
§ Tricks of language. Changing beliefs with NLP. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Master of communication. Tips from a practicing psychologist St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ Psychology of influence St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001
§ Body language. - Nizhny Novgorod: IQ Publishing House, 1992.
§ Development of effective communication skills St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ Your secret weapon in communication. Facial expression, gesture, movement: Abbr. per. with him. - M.: JSC "Interexpert", 1996.
§ Collection of normative legal acts and documents regulating the activities of psychologists of bodies and departments of internal affairs. - M .: GUK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2001.
§ Tikhonov special personality traits in the process of professional training of employees, 2000
§ Tomilova - psychological conditions for the professional development of young police officers. M., 2000
§ Tutorial of communication. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Filatov psychology. Lecture notes. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House, 2000.
§ Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg, 2002.
§ Social Psychology. Understand others to understand yourself St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002
§ П Psychology of influence: hidden control, manipulation and protection from them. - M., 2002
§ Eric Bern. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 2002. Sign language - the path to success. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Speech is:
a) mental phenomenon
b) reflection process
c) exchange of information between people
d) mental activity
2. Speech does not happen:
a) internal
b) external
c) active
d) egocentric
3. Interest in another person can be non-verbally expressed:
a) hands placed on hips
c) stare
d) lightly touching it with hands
4. The main styles of communication are not:
a) ritual communication
b) social communication
c) manipulative communication
d) humanistic communication.
5. A feature of professional communication of employees is
a) extraordinary breadth and diversity of communication
b) planned and well-organized communication
c) forced nature,
d) high degree of conflict
Topic 5. Socio-psychological characteristics of the subdivision of police officers.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of a group in social psychology. Group classification. Small group structure. Position, status, internal setting and role. Composition and moral value orientations. psychological compatibility. Social norms and their functions. Formation of a small group as a team. Critical periods in the development of the team, their significance and ways to overcome them. The concept of excess activity. Leadership and group leadership. Personal characteristics of a leader. Leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic and liberal.
Interpersonal relations in groups and collectives. official and informal relationships. Relationships of leadership, leadership and subordination. Business and personal, rational and emotional relationships. Collectivist relations, their characteristics. Approaches to the study of relationships in a group: static and dynamic. The nature of the relationship depending on the level of development of the group. Interpersonal conflicts in the group and their classification. Sociometry and a static picture of intra-group relationships (J. Moreno).
Mass socio-psychological phenomena. Crowd, psychological mechanisms of its formation. Psychological methods of managing people in various types crowds (panic, a crowd of rampant fans at the stadium, unauthorized rallies, mass civil unrest) used by employees of the internal affairs bodies.
Accounting in social psychology of sexual, ethnic and age phenomena.
Group factors in the origin and development of antisocial behavior. Psychological characteristics of criminal groups. primitive group. The structure of the primitive group.
The concept of the crowd. Types of crowd: casual, conventional, aggressive, acting. Socio-psychological conditions for the emergence and development of the crowd. Socio-psychological structure of the crowd. The role of the leader in the crowd. Rumors and their varieties. The role of rumors in the crowd. Panic. Types of panic Actions of employees of internal affairs bodies to prevent panic. Psychological features of the actions of employees to prevent and suppress associative forms of non-collective behavior.
Questions to the topic:
1. Criteria for the allocation of social groups. Typology of social groups.
In this issue, the most in-depth attention should be paid to the criteria for identifying groups and the psychological characteristics of each of the social groups.
2. Primitive group. Structure, rules.
When considering this issue, consideration of the psychological characteristics of the primitive group becomes relevant.
3. Subjects of non-collective behavior.
Consideration of the characteristics of subjects of non-collective behavior becomes relevant in the field of activity of police officers, on this basis, it is advisable to dwell on the psychological patterns of interaction with subjects of non-collective behavior.
4. Types of the crowd and their features.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the types of the crowd and the stages of development of relationships in the crowd.
5. Aggressive crowd as a subject of non-collective behavior.
When studying this issue, the greatest attention should be paid to actions and preventive measures to prevent aggressive behavior.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Andreeva psychology. M., 1994.
§ Anikeeva climate in the team. - M., 1989. (The concept of the psychological climate in the team: 3-16. The effectiveness of group activities: 87-120).
§ Bodalev and understanding of man by man. M., 1982. From 5-
§ , Dubrovskaya small group. M., 1991.
§ Nemov. M., 1994. S. 431-433.
§ Psychology of emotions: Texts. Empathy. From 87.
§ Rubinstein and ways of development of psychology. M, 1960. P. 180-181.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Groups do not differ according to the criterion of organization
a) formal
b) informal
c) semi-formal
d) relatively formal
2. Groups are not distinguished by the criterion of existence time
a) short-term
b) permanent
c) episodic
d) temporary
3. Group,in which the individual is forced to be at the present moment
a) stay group
b) presence group
c) finding group
d) pastime group
4. A spontaneously emerging formation based on the basest motives of its members is
a) primitive hostel
c) primitive group
d) team
5. Does it correspond to the structure of "primitive" groups?
a) flexible hierarchical structure
b) rigid hierarchical structure
c) no hierarchical structure
d) indefinite hierarchical structure
Topic 6. Characteristics, prevention and resolution of conflicts in the activities of law enforcement officers.
The main content of the topic:
Conflicts in communication. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts. Conflict situation. Incident. Types of conflicts. constructive conflict. destructive conflict. intrapersonal conflict. Functions of conflicts: signal, diagnostic, restorative, regulatory. The reasons contributing to the emergence of conflicts and an unfavorable socio-psychological climate in the teams of employees of internal affairs bodies: objective, subjective, objective-subjective. Ways to prevent and resolve conflicts in the activities of police officers.
Questions to the topic:
1. Essence, structure and classification of conflicts.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to consider in more detail the classification of conflicts depending on the classification criteria.
2. Prevention and resolution of conflicts.
The main focus of attention in the study of this issue should be directed to ways and means of preventing or optimally resolving conflicts.
3. The nature of conflicts in the police department.
Considering this issue, it is necessary to find out the nature, causes and characteristics of conflicts in the internal affairs bodies.
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
additional literature
§ Avdeev KV. Psychotechnology for solving problem situations. - M, 1992.
§ Ageev B. C. Intergroup interaction: socio-psychological problems. - M., 1990.
§ Andreev: the art of arguing, negotiating, conflict resolution. - Kazan, 1992.
§ , Shipilov. - M., 2001.
§ Babosov EM. Conflictology. - Minsk, 2000.
§, Zimina: the science of harmony. - Yekaterinburg, 1995.
§ Bern Eric. Games People Play. People who play games. - St. Petersburg, 1992.
§, Koryak, conflict! - Novosibirsk, 1989.
§ Braim business communication. - Minsk, 1996.
§ , Zakharov DK. Conflictology - M., 2000.
§ Grishina conflict. - SPb., 2000.
Tasks for self-test:
1. Stages of conflict development do not include:
a) conflict relations
b) contradictions
c) incident
2. Conflicts are:
a) international
b) interethnic
c) interpersonal
d) interintellectual
3. Strategies for behavior in conflicts are:
a) avoidance
b) cooperation
d) compromise
Topic 7. Psychological foundations of legal activity.
The main content of the topic:
The subject of legal psychology, its place in the system of psychological science. The main ways and directions of development of legal psychology.
Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology. The psychological meaning of the terms "crime" and "crime".
Psychology of operational-search activity. Tactics and methods of establishing and developing psychological contacts in the ORD. Psychological bases for assessing the personality of a person of interest in the operational-search activities of law enforcement agencies.
Questions to the topic:
1. The subject of legal psychology and its significance in legal activity.
When studying this issue, to reveal the psychological features of legal activity, consider the subject of legal psychology.
2. Psychology of operational-search activity: goals and objectives.
Considering this issue, the main emphasis should be placed on the tasks of operational-search psychology.
3. Object, subject, tasks and methods of criminal psychology.
When considering this issue, it is necessary to pay attention to the specific methods used in the framework of criminal psychology.
Main literature
1. Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004
2. Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
3. Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003
4. Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000
5., Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001
6., Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.
7., Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.
8. Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003
9., Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000
11. Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000
12., Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000
13. Chufarovsky operational-search activity M.: Prospekt, 2003
Topic 8. Psychological characteristics of the main investigative actions.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of forensic psychology. The main tasks, goals and methods of forensic psychology. Psychological features of certain types of legal proceedings and various participants in the trial.
Psychology of inspection of the scene. Traces and results of criminal activity as semantic indicators of the criminal's behavior at the scene. Psychological techniques that increase the effectiveness and quality of the investigative examination.
Search psychology. Psychological features of the search activity of the employee during the search. Psychological techniques for enhancing the mental activity of an internal affairs officer and neutralizing the impact of negative factors on his psyche during a search.
Psychology of interrogation. The concept of psychological contact during interrogation. Psychological features of the interrogation of the victim. Techniques for neutralizing the aggressive behavior of interrogated persons. Psychology of interrogation at a confrontation.
Forensic psychological examination. Grounds, reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination. Competence of the SPE. Evaluation and use of the conclusion of the PEA by the investigator, the court and the defense.
Questions to the topic:
1. Subject, tasks and goals of forensic psychology.
When studying this issue, it is advisable for students to consider in detail the tasks and goals of forensic psychology and compare them with the tasks of other areas of legal psychology.
2. Psychology of search and seizure.
When considering this issue, the trainees should especially note the psychological features of the search and seizure.
3. Psychology of inspection of the scene.
When studying this issue, the main direction should be the consideration of psychological patterns that must be taken into account when conducting an investigative examination.
4. Psychology of interrogation.
An important circumstance in considering this issue is the psychological content of the activities of the investigator during the interrogation.
5. Subject, grounds and reasons for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.
Studying this issue, students should learn the basic requirements for the grounds for the appointment of a forensic psychological examination.
Main literature
§ Andreev ensuring the operational activities of employees: GUK MVD, 2004
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§, Yanaev psychology. M.: Shield-M, 2003
§ Enikeev psychology. M.: Norma, 2000
§ , Skrypnikov ensuring the operational activities of employees: IMC of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2001
additional literature
§ , Kitaeva psychological research in the criminal process. Irkutsk, 2002
§ , Prozorov in the activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies. - M., 2006.
§, Fundamentals of psychology for law enforcement officers. - M., 2005.
§ Marinovskaya and pedagogy in law enforcement. M.: Shield-M, 2003
§, Tsvetkov and pedagogy in law enforcement M .: Shield-M, 2000
§ Romanov psychology M.: Yurist, 2000
§, Romanov psychology (reader) M .: Jurist, 2000
§ Samoukina psychology M.: Tandem, 2000
§ Chufarovsky operational-search activity M .: Prospekt, 2003
Topic 9. Psychological characteristics of the personality of the offender and criminal behavior.
The main content of the topic:
The concept of a criminal environment. Qualifications of criminals from the point of view of psychology. Socio-psychological mechanisms of criminal society. Criminal subculture (psychological analysis of current trends).
Structural-psychological analysis of criminal action. Interaction of objective and subjective factors. The concept of the motivational sphere of crime. The ratio of motive, purpose and result in intentional and reckless crimes.
The study of the personality of a criminal in criminal psychology (, etc.) The ratio of biological and social in a criminal personality. Psychological and criminological typologies of the personality of a criminal and certain categories of criminals.
Questions to the topic:
1. Psychology of the offender's personality.
2. Factors in the formation of the offender's personality.
3. Motivation of criminal behavior
Main literature
§ Vasiliev psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Enikeev psychology. M., 2000.
§ Klimov psychology. M., 2001
§ Rubinstein psychology. St. Petersburg: Peter, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko legal psychology. M., 2001.
§ Stolyarenko techniques in the work of a lawyer: a practical guide. - M.: Yurayt, 2000.
§ Stolyarenko of general psychology. M., 1999.
§ Chufarovskiy psychology. - M., 1995.
§ , Eminov criminal and investigation of crimes. - M.: Jurist, 1996.
§ Aggression. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997.
§, Strizhov and pedagogy in the law enforcement activities of police officers. - M., 1997.
§ Psychology. Pedagogy. Ethics: Textbook for universities // Pod. ed. . – M.: Law and law. Unity, 1999.
§ Psychology of influence. - St. Petersburg: Peter Kom, 1999.
Topic 10. Psychology of the criminal environment and criminal communities.
The main content of the topic:
Criminal group from the point of view of modern psychology. Psychological features of the formation and functioning of criminal groups. Psychological and forensic types of criminal groups and their structure (according to). Random criminal groups. Company type groups. Organized crime groups. Close-knit organized groups. Criminal communities, as well as various kinds of associations of organized criminal groups. Structural (complex) organized group. Organized crime group. Bandit formation. Criminal organization (community). Mafia. Cooperation of professional criminal leaders ("thieves in law"). Three categories of gangs: "classic gang", "specialized gang" and "reserves".
Psychological and forensic types of hooligan groups and their structure. Psychological analysis of the motives of hooligan actions. Psychology of disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by hooligan groups.
Leadership in criminal groups and organizations. Typology of leaders. Conflicts in criminal groups. Psychological features of the disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by a criminal group. Tactical and psychological methods of aggravating or creating a conflict between accomplices in the process of investigating a group crime.
Questions to the topic:
1. general characteristics and types of criminal groups.
Studying this issue, students should form an idea about the features of the characteristics of criminal groups.
2. Criminal groups of minors.
When considering this issue, the main emphasis should be directed to the psychological features of the creation and functioning of criminal groups of minors.
3. Criminal subculture.
In studying this issue, students should comparative analysis concepts of "criminal environment" and "criminal subculture".
4. Psychology of criminal groups and organizations.
When mastering the material of this issue, it is necessary to consider in detail the psychological characteristics of criminal groups of different directions, age and gender characteristics.
Main literature
§ Gurov crime: past and present. - M.: Legal literature, 1990.
§ Industrial and organizational psychology: Textbook for universities. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2001.
§ Zhilin of the organization and tactics of combating the operational apparatus of the police with criminal groups: a study guide. - YuI Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1995.
§ Applied Legal Psychology: Textbook for High Schools / Ed. . - M .: Unity - Dana, 2001.
T.S. Novikov
Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation
Scientific adviser: Bikchintaeva L.G., Ph.D., associate professor
According to the results of a number of studies, 84% of the interviewed employees went through the process of adaptation to work in the internal affairs bodies and 16% - secondary adaptation. Two groups of factors influence the process of their adaptation:
1) objective external factors, among which one can single out working conditions and its organization, wages and forms of material incentives, labor content, rigidity of norms, hygienic conditions, and so on;
2) subjective internal factors associated with the individual characteristics of employees
The action of the objective factor is determined by the time of adaptation and the radicalness of changes in each object. Labor adaptation occurs when the content of the activity changes, but sometimes it becomes impossible.
The most significant subjective factors for adaptation are:
1) the initial level of knowledge, skills and abilities. The wider the skills and abilities, the faster the process of professional adaptation;
2) a certain motivated attitude to activity motives that accelerate the process of adaptation. This may include an interest in law enforcement; call of Duty; the desire for professional and personal growth among police officers;
3) individual psychological properties of the personality. Rigidity prevents adaptation, and plasticity facilitates this process.
When determining the timing of adaptation, certain quantitative indicators are used as its limit, characterizing its individual aspects:
1) objective indicators - the level and stability of quantitative indicators of labor (systematic implementation of norms, the absence of violations in the rhythm of work, professional stability, qualifications, the level of labor discipline);
2) subjective indicators - the level of satisfaction with the profession, working conditions, team, etc.
After analyzing various points of view, we can say that production adaptation includes the following aspects:
1) administrative and legal, which involves the acquisition of knowledge about the goals and functions of management;
2) socio-economic, consisting in adaptation to economic conditions and work;
3) managerial, which is associated with the formation of an employee and a subject of management and the inclusion of an employee in management;
4) recreational aspect, meaning adaptation to life in the team.
Thus, the success of adaptation depends on the nature production environment and the personality of the employee of the internal affairs bodies. The more complex the production environment, the greater its difference from the usual environment, the more changes associated with it, the more difficult the process of adaptation.
The process of socio-psychological adaptation affects the personal and psycho-physiological characteristics of employees. The process of socio-psychological adaptation contributes to personal development under the following conditions: with developed value orientations of the employee: flexibility of thinking, emotional and volitional stability; developed professionally important qualities of an internal affairs officer, as well as effective work systems of professional psychological selection of employees.
The average indicator of socio-psychological adaptation is five months (for units serving in the normal mode) and four months (for those serving in the enhanced mode).
For the successful adaptation of newly arrived employees in the system of internal affairs bodies, organized work is carried out. At the first two stages of adaptation, this work requires concerted, coordinated actions of all responsible participants managing this process. The leading role is assigned to the head of the Department of Internal Affairs and his deputies.
At the first stage, work on the adaptation of young employees in the departments of internal affairs is to solve the following tasks:
1) carefully study the motivation for entering a particular candidate for the service, his family and domestic environment, worldview;
2) employees of recruitment departments of internal affairs departments to work with cadets of departmental universities - those who are actually a "resource" of potential candidates - in terms of orienting them for service in a specific position;
3) preliminary study of candidates, conduct their psychological research before being hired, and also develop recommendations on the appropriate use of selected candidates in accordance with their subjective characteristics.
At the second stage, work with young employees for their adaptation includes the following components:
1) during the probationary period, carry out a deep study of individual and personal characteristics using methods that allow determining the emotional state, the degree of adaptation to the service, conflict and other important personality characteristics of a newly hired employee (trainee);
2) conduct a psychological examination of young specialists (trainees) at least twice during the internship period; on the basis of the results obtained, the psychologist prepares recommendations on individual educational work for unit commanders and mentors. At the end of the probationary period, the heads of services, mentors provide the certification commission with a report on the work of the employee. .;
3) to monitor the activities and behavior of the trainee in the service and domestic environment, if the trainee has any deviations in behavior, in adaptation to operational activities, negative character traits, inform the psychologist of the unit;
4) work with young employees who have served in the ATS system from 1 to 3 years in order to find out their adaptation in the team to the conditions of service. The collected information is important information for substantiating the personality of each employee in the future, about the degree of their adaptation to the service, allows planning the organization of work activities, assisting in the development of professional skills among young employees, identifying elements of employee maladaptation and providing timely corrective assistance.
To improve the system for managing the process of professional adaptation of young employees in departments, it is advisable to create a coordinating body for working with young employees. Such a coordinating body can be a council of mentors in the unit. The institute of mentoring could play a large positive role in the process of adaptation of a newly arrived employee of the internal affairs bodies, provided that they work everywhere, stable and controlled. Those. at all these stages, it is advisable to conduct periodic monitoring (checking) of employee satisfaction with all areas of his professional activity.
And, of course, the leadership of the unit plays a huge role in creating conditions for a favorable process of adaptation of new employees of the internal affairs bodies. It is in their prerogative to resolve conflicts at the subdivision level, i.e. the professional and personal microenvironment in which the new employee is located. There is no doubt that the atmosphere in the unit depends on its leader, and the strategy of behavior chosen by him can serve both the settlement of the contradiction that has arisen and the adoption of a destructive conflict.
Thus, based on the above material, we can draw the following brief conclusions.
The process of adaptation of newly hired employees of the internal affairs bodies is influenced by both objective and subjective factors. Among the first, the leading place is occupied by working conditions and its organization, wages and forms of material incentives, the content of labor, the rigidity of norms, hygienic conditions, etc. The latter are related to the individual characteristics of employees, namely: theoretical and physical training, the level of communicative qualities, the level of self-esteem. Those. the process of adaptation takes place depending on the nature of the working environment and the personality of the employee of the internal affairs bodies.
For successful adaptation in the internal affairs bodies, phased work is being carried out (corresponding to the stages of adaptation): studying the contingent of promising candidates at the university, research by a psychologist in order to identify the reasons for choosing the field of activity and psychological stability and sociability - for the first time working in the internal affairs bodies; supervising trainees; assistance in consolidating and improving the acquired knowledge, skills and abilities in the process of service.
The solution of these problems is included in the professional competence of employees of the personnel apparatus and departments for working with personnel, specialists of psychodiagnostic centers, and practical psychologists of the internal affairs department.
Bibliography:
Khludova, O.V. Psychological features of the professional growth of a personality (on the example of employees of internal affairs bodies) [Electronic resource]: study guide / O.V. Khludov. - Tambov: TSTU Publishing House, 2004. - Access mode: http://textbooks-free.rf
Kolmakova L.A. Problems of professional psychological selection and support of employees of internal affairs bodies [Text] / L.A. Kolmakova // Questions of psychology of extreme situations. - 2010. - No. 2. - S. 51-56.
Ksenofontov A.M. Psychological aspects of professional adaptation of police officers in stressful conditions of official activity [Text] A.M. Ksenofontov / // Questions of psychology of extreme situations. - 2009. - No. 3. - S. 21-24
Kazak T.V. Conceptual foundations of psychological support of psychosocial adaptation of subjects of educational and professional activity of the system of internal affairs bodies [Electronic resource] / T.V. Cossack. - Tver, 2012. - Access mode: http://nauka-pedagogika.com/psihologiya.
Improving the activities of police officers on present stage involves not only raising the level of psychological culture of law enforcement specialists, but also a special organization of psychological service in the bodies (divisions, institutions) of internal affairs. Psychological work in the internal affairs department is currently regulated by the order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated September 2, 2013 No. 660 “On approval of the Regulations on the basics of organizing psychological work in the internal affairs bodies Russian Federation».
According to the order, psychological work in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation is carried out:
1. In subdivisions of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, operational bureaus of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, special-purpose centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as in other organizations and divisions created to perform tasks and exercise the powers assigned to the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, stationed in Moscow ( with the exception of those subordinate to the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia), - psychologists of departments for work with personnel, officials with a higher (postgraduate) psychological (in the specialties "Psychology", "Psychology of official activity", "Clinical psychology") or medical (by specialty "Psychiatry") education, which in accordance with the established procedure is entrusted with the duties of conducting psychological work, and in their absence - by psychologists, determined by the Department public service and personnel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
2. In the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the district, regional (including subordinate organizations) and district levels, line departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for railway, water and air transport, educational, research, medical and sanatorium organizations of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, district departments of material and technical supply of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as in other organizations and divisions that are created to perform the tasks and exercise the powers vested in the internal affairs bodies (with the exception of those stationed in Moscow), by psychologists of the named divisions, and in the case of their absence - determined by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia by psychologists of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the regional level, educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia at the place of their deployment.
3. In the subdivisions specified in subparagraphs 1 and 2 of this list, with employees appointed to positions by the President of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, deputies of the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation - psychologists determined by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
To carry out their professional activities, psychologists are provided with offices equipped with the necessary furniture, communications and office equipment, psychological regulation rooms, as well as teaching aids, psychological tests and techniques, psychodiagnostic and psychocorrective devices.
Responsibility for the organization of psychological work is borne by the heads (chiefs), deputies (assistants) of the heads (chiefs) for work with the personnel of bodies, organizations, divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The psychological service of the Department of Internal Affairs in the areas, types and content of work has its own specifics, which is determined by the purpose of its creation and the characteristics of its tasks. The goals of the psychological service of the internal affairs department are the organization of psychological support for the professional activities of employees, the prevention of emergencies among personnel, the formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in teams, and the increase in the efficiency of operational and service activities of personnel.
These goals can be achieved by solving the following main tasks:
1. Ensuring the performance of operational and service tasks by employees of the internal affairs bodies and the formation of the moral and psychological readiness of personnel for activities in everyday and extreme conditions.
2. Determining the professional psychological suitability of persons employed in the internal affairs bodies and studying at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, employees transferred to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, predicting their psychological readiness to perform professional tasks.
3. The implementation of psychological support for the operational and service activities of the personnel of the internal affairs bodies, the conduct of psychological rehabilitation and the restoration of the professional performance of employees.
4. Formation of a favorable psychological climate in service (training) teams, carrying out social and psychological work in them, psychological counseling for employees and their families.
5. The implementation of professional psychological training of personnel, the provision of psychological assistance to employees of internal affairs bodies, educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Thus, in the work of a practical psychologist of the internal affairs department, two main areas of activity can be distinguished:
psychological support of work with personnel of internal affairs bodies;
psychological support for the operational and service activities of police officers;
The main activities of a practical psychologist of the Department of Internal Affairs are:
psychological diagnostics;
psychological examination;
psychological prevention;
psychological counseling;
· psychological correction;
· psychological propaganda and training;
At the same time, the organization of the work of a psychologist has its own specifics in form and content, due to the characteristics and originality of the organization. structural divisions psychological service of the Department of Internal Affairs.
So, the main goal of the psychologist of the center of psychological diagnostics is to conduct a psychodiagnostic examination to identify individuals with signs of mental maladaptation, determine the psychological readiness for service and study, and predict the success of an employee in professional activities. The content of the work of a CPD psychologist involves:
psychological examination of persons entering the service in the Department of Internal Affairs and studying at educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia (the main stage of professional psychological selection);
psychological examination when accompanying the activities of employees in extreme conditions;
psychological examination during the movement of employees in the service with a change in the category of destination;
psychological examination when appointing employees to higher management positions;
psychological examination when employees are dismissed from service for health reasons.
The main goal of the activity of the psychologist of the internal affairs body (unit) is the formation of a high level of psychological readiness of personnel to perform operational and service tasks on the basis of ensuring their mental stability and the development of professionally important psychological qualities. The psychologist of the body (division) of internal affairs carries out a set of measures of the following content:
1. Conducts, in accordance with the established procedure, psychological examinations, special psychophysiological studies using a polygraph, aimed at studying, analyzing and evaluating the individual psychological characteristics of the personality of candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies, trainees, employees transferred to other positions in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia .
2. Carries out the study, analysis and assessment of the socio-psychological climate in the service teams and the moral and psychological state of the personnel, conducts, as necessary (but at least once a year), socio-psychological research and individual psychological examinations.
3. Provides psychological assistance to employees who are first employed in the internal affairs bodies, as well as graduates educational organizations higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in full-time education, in the process of their socio-psychological adaptation to the conditions of operational activities.
Selection and appointment of employees to positions, taking into account their individual psychological characteristics of personality and group compatibility.
Psychological aspects of the organization and conduct of measures of moral and psychological support.
Formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in service teams, improvement of the style and methods of managing employees.
Minimization of the consequences of emergencies and their prevention.
Optimization of the operational activities of employees.
5. Conducts classes on psychological topics in the system of moral and psychological training of personnel, including the improvement of psychological and pedagogical competence management team bodies, organizations, divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, development communicative competence employees and mastering the techniques of self-help and mutual assistance in order to regulate the mental state.
6. Participates in the organization of the moral and psychological support of personnel sent to another locality to perform operational tasks in special conditions, provides psychological assistance to employees after performing operational and service tasks in special conditions, as well as in cases related to the death of personnel, the use of weapons.
7. Carries out measures of psychological work aimed at identifying employees in a state of crisis, preventing suicidal incidents and preventing professional deformation of the individual, takes part in carrying out measures of moral and psychological support with all categories of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation who need increased psychological pedagogical attention (Appendix No. 1 of Order No. 660).
8. Carries out psychological correction measures with employees who have signs of mental adaptation disorders or overwork, psychological rehabilitation of these employees, advises them on taking into account psychological aspects in the regulation of family and domestic relations, prevention, resolution and minimization of the consequences of interpersonal conflicts.
9. Advises employees on:
Taking into account the psychological aspects that arise in the performance of operational and service tasks, compiling psychological portraits of persons suspected of committing crimes.
Studying (forecasting) socio-psychological processes in the protection of public order and ensuring public safety during the preparation and holding of major public and mass events, definitions for outward signs citizens with unlawful intentions.
Development of a strategy and tactics for negotiating, including the release of hostages.
10. Ensures the functioning of the office of psychological regulation in the relevant body, organization, unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The main goal of the activity of a psychologist of an educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is to increase the efficiency of the educational process. The psychologist of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia carries out a set of measures of the following content:
professional psychological orientation;
psychological examination of candidates for study at an educational institution in the specialty;
assessment of the degree of adaptation of students of the first year of study to the conditions of the educational process and service;
psychological examination of students throughout the entire period of study, assessment of their condition, level and dynamics of development of professionally significant qualities;
Identification of the socio-psychological causes of poor progress, violations of discipline and offenses among students, deductions for negative reasons, difficulties in learning and service;
· socio-psychological examination of study groups;
· psychological counseling, psychological correction and rehabilitation of employees of variable and permanent composition;
Ensuring the work of the office of psychological regulation;
The organization of the work of an internal affairs psychologist is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia and the approximate workload.
The main organizational principles of psychological work are: purposefulness, continuity, objectivity, activity, efficiency, compliance with professional ethics.
When carrying out psychological work activities, the following methods are used: observation, interview, consultation, psychological analysis of documents, psychological analysis of performance results, survey, examination, testing, sociometry, experiment, psychological training.
As a matter of priority, psychological work is carried out with:
1. Candidates for service in the internal affairs bodies.
2. Employees planned to be included in the personnel reserves.
3. Employees who are seconded to another locality to perform operational tasks in special conditions.
4. Employees who need increased psychological and pedagogical attention when organizing individual educational work.
5. Employees who are issued with standard-issue combat small arms, ammunition and special equipment for permanent storage and carrying.
The list of psychological and psychophysiological methods used in psychological work is established by the DGSK of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia on the basis of the recommendations of the Coordination and Methodological Council for the psychological support of work with the personnel of bodies, divisions, institutions of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Psychologists of departments for work with personnel in accordance with the established procedure are included in the composition of:
1. Commissions formed to conduct inspections on the facts of the death of employees, including in suicidal incidents.
2. Commissions formed to resolve issues of issuing weapons to employees for permanent storage and carrying.
3. Medical commissions of medical organizations.
4. Other commissions in accordance with the legislative and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Test questions:
1. In what departments of the internal affairs department is psychological work carried out, according to the Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 660?
2. List the main tasks that need to be solved by the psychologist of the Department of Internal Affairs.
3. Name the methods used in the work of the psychologist of the Department of Internal Affairs.
4. List the set of activities carried out by the psychologist of the educational institution of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
5. What are the main activities of an internal affairs psychologist
Similar information.
Chapter I. Theoretical analysis of the problem of psychological adaptation of employees of internal affairs bodies
1.1 General theoretical aspects of the problem of psychological adaptation in modern science
1.2 Psychological analysis of the problem of adaptive capabilities. Phases of socio-psychological maladjustment 51 "1.3 The impact of operational and service activities on the mental state of police officers - participants in hostilities 72 Conclusions on the first chapter
Chapter P. Analysis of the psychological adaptation of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs in the process of performing operational-service, service-combat tasks on the territory of the Chechen Republic. Research organization methodology
2.1 Psychological adaptation of police officers: tasks, essence, structure and organization
2.2 Characteristics of the main psychological methods used in organizing the work of psychologists with police officers during their stay in extreme conditions of operational service, service and combat activities. 117 Conclusions on the second chapter
3.1 Methods and means of psychological and pedagogical training of personnel of bodies and departments of internal affairs for the performance of operational-service, service-combat tasks in extreme conditions
3.2 The main goals and objectives of the program of psychological and pedagogical support for operational, service, service and combat activities of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs who have been in extreme conditions 172 Conclusions on the third chapter
Recommended list of dissertations
Features of socio-psychological adaptation of employees of internal affairs bodies to extreme conditions of service and combat activity 2009, candidate of psychological sciences Slozhenikin, Andrey Pavlovich
Dynamics of the psychological status of employees of internal affairs bodies under the influence of extreme factors of service and combat activity 2005, candidate of biological sciences Ksenofontov, Alexander Mikhailovich
Assessment and formation of the psychological readiness of employees of special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for activities in extreme situations: On the example of the OMON of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2001, candidate of psychological sciences Golovanov, Yuri Nikolaevich
Psychological adaptation of servicemen of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia to service and combat activities in conditions of an armed conflict 1999, candidate of psychological sciences Solovyov, Igor Viktorovich
Additional training of employees of special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the performance of service and combat missions in extreme conditions 2009, candidate of pedagogical sciences Khamidullin, Rafael Khakimullovich
Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Psychological adaptation of employees of internal affairs bodies - participants in hostilities"
Relevance of the research topic. Over the past period, employees of internal affairs bodies and divisions have taken and are taking an active part in the restoration of the constitutional order and the protection of law and order on the territory of the Chechen Republic. The experience of psychological support of military operations shows that employees of internal affairs bodies and subdivisions participating in the counter-terrorist operation on the territory of the North Caucasus region are exposed to a complex of extraordinary psycho-traumatic factors. The performance of operational-service and service-combat tasks in these conditions, associated with a risk to life and health, in a significant number of employees causes the development of a state of mental maladaptation, leads to socio-psychological disorders of life, adverse personality changes, which further adversely affect the state health, work relationships, as well as in the family and household sphere of personnel, increasing the risk of suicide.
The data of scientific research, as well as selective studies of psychologists of the internal affairs bodies during the counter-terrorist operation on the territory of the Chechen Republic, indicate that the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder are manifested in 50%, and up to 30% of employees are in a state of mental disadaptation.
The main reason for what is happening is the lack of timely psychological assistance. Much-needed rehabilitation work is not being carried out, and as a result, the risk of alcoholization of personnel, the desire to interrupt further service, and problems in the family circle increase.
In order to reduce the negative psychological consequences of the performance by employees of operational-service, service-combat tasks in extreme conditions, it is necessary to develop a special program that provides for the organization and conduct of psychological events with the personnel of internal affairs bodies directly involved in the restoration of constitutional order on the territory of the Chechen Republic. Among the main activities, it is necessary to develop and include a number of methods of the psychological and pedagogical complex, including methods for assessing, restoring and maintaining the working capacity of personnel, the implementation of professional psychological selection, as well as the organization of psychological and pedagogical training, both for ordinary employees and leaders of formed consolidated squads.
The main tasks of this complex, according to leading experts in the field of psychological support for personnel of bodies and departments of internal affairs in the North Caucasus region (M.I. Maryin, M.V. Levi, N.I. Myagkikh, Yu.G. Kasperovich, O.I. Brodchenko), should become:
Assessment of the psychological state and determination of functional readiness for professional activity;
Ensuring the restoration of working capacity, psychoprophylaxis of stress disorders;
Increasing the functional capabilities of the body, prevention of psychosomatic diseases;
Increasing resistance to the influence of stress factors and reducing negative consequences their impact, accelerating the process of adaptation to work;
Teaching techniques and methods of mental self-regulation for their application in extreme conditions;
Promotion of psychological knowledge, scientific and methodological support of psychological service;
Organization of psychological support for personnel upon their return to their places of permanent deployment.
The functioning of this psychological and pedagogical complex in the bodies and departments of internal affairs will contribute to the effectiveness of professional activities, the awareness of safer service conditions, and the preservation of the health of personnel.
The study of the adaptability of employees of internal affairs bodies and its manifestations in various situations of professional activity is of theoretical and practical importance. The analysis of scientific publications allows us to conclude that adaptability in the conditions of a team of police officers is not well studied, as a complex personal and social formation, the lack of clarity in understanding its internal structure and constituent elements. There are theoretical difficulties in determining the levels of adaptability, the ratio of internal and external means of activity in the process of readaptation.
One of the directions of the readaptation process is the restoration activities of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia performing operational-service, service-combat tasks in the North Caucasus region.
The performance of operational-service, service-combat tasks, in rather difficult socio-economic conditions of reforming society as a whole, involves the creation of conditions for the successful readaptation of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs. This problem is especially relevant in the absence of a sufficiently developed complex of psychological work with employees on their return from business trips in the Chechen Republic to their places of permanent deployment. The problem of a person's readaptation to the conditions of the living environment, his further resocialization in society has long been one of the areas of theoretical and applied research in various branches of psychology.
At the same time, the problem of studying the psychological consequences of a person experiencing traumatic and, in particular, combat (military) stress remains not only relevant, but also dramatically significant for our society. Analysis of the features of psychological adaptation of victims of traumatic stress of various categories, including war veterans, as well as the development of principles for providing them with psychotherapeutic assistance based on the methodological approaches already existing in the world psychological and psychiatric practice, is the predominant direction of research in recent years.
At the same time, there have been practically no experimental psychological studies of the peculiarities of experiencing extreme conditions of operational and service, service and combat activities of law enforcement officers during their stay on a business trip in the territory with a likely manifestation of a risk to their life and health in our country.
The state and degree of development of the problem: The problem of organizing psychological assistance and support for employees of internal affairs bodies in extreme conditions of operational, service and combat activities has been developed since the beginning of the 90s of the last century (A.I. Adaev, N.V. Andreev, S. V. Andreeva, O. I. Brodchenko, I. B. Zhuravleva, S. I. Zakharova, Yu. G. Kasperovich, I. O. Kotenev, E. V. Lapshin, T. N. Levashova, M. V. Levy, M. I. Maryin, N. I. Myagkikh, A. I. Papkin, A. V. Pishchelko,
A.A. Proshin, V.N. Smirnov, N.V. Tarabrina, N.N. Kharlamova, E.E. Chapko, G.V. Shutko, etc.). Meanwhile, in our country, B.G. Ananiev,
B.M. Bekhterev, L.Ya. Brusilovsky, N.P. Brukhanov, P.B. Gannushkin,
C.G. Gellerstein, A.V. Zaporozhets, A.N. Leontiev, A.R. Luria, S.L. Rubinshtein, T.E. Segalov, B.M. Teplov, G.E. Shumakov and others.
In foreign psychology, the problem of mental disorders after participating in military battles (combat operations) began to pay attention from the second half of the 19th century (De Costa, 3. Freud, A. Kardiner, R. Lazarus). Wartime symptoms were actively studied (Grinker, Spiegei, Archibald, long, Miller, Tuddenham, and others). Later, a number of foreign authors drew attention to the extreme nature of the conditions of the law enforcement service. So the Dutch psychiatrist V. Gersons (1989) studied the relationship of police service with the manifestation of stress disorders in officers. His New Zealand colleague L. Miller (1993) drew attention to the fact that the reason for the majority of dismissals of police officers is the psychological trauma received during the period of service. American psychologists D. Gyrfalcon, P. Kratchfield, N. Livson studied the destructive consequences of frustration and the conflict between the needs of the individual and the restrictions on their satisfaction.
The contradictions between the needs of social practice, the level of development of theory and practice allow us to formulate the research problem: determining the role of the adaptive potential of the individual in the psychological preparation of police officers for service in extreme conditions.
Solving this problem is the goal of the study.
The object of our study is the employees of the internal affairs bodies - participants in hostilities.
Subject of study: psychological adaptation of police officers to actions in extreme conditions.
In accordance with the purpose, object and subject of the study, we put forward a number of assumptions that act as research hypotheses:
Features of activity in extreme conditions give rise to the manifestation of specific mental states in employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs;
The main psychogenic impact of extreme conditions of service is the blocking of many of the habitual and natural needs of the individual due to the specifics of operational activities; the success of adaptation to extreme conditions of activity can be ensured through targeted psychological and pedagogical training of police officers - participants in hostilities; the psychological characteristics of the individual are interrelated and constitute one of the integral characteristics of the mental development of the individual - adaptive potential; actualization of personal adaptive potential is the essence of the psychological preparation of police officers for extreme conditions of operational, service, service and combat activities
The following tasks were set before the study:
1. To study theoretical approaches to understanding the problem of psychological adaptation in extreme conditions of performing operational-service, service-combat tasks.
2. To study the dynamics of the adaptation process of employees - participants in hostilities.
3. To identify the features of the mental states of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs who are in extreme conditions.
4. To develop a comprehensive program of psychological training of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs for actions in extreme conditions.
On the basis of the formulated objectives of the study, work was carried out to select specific psychological methods for studying the adaptive potential of police officers, the stages of the study and the forms of analysis of the obtained research material were determined.
The methodological basis of the study was the idea of the active nature of the interaction of the individual and the social environment (JI.C. Vygotsky, A.V. Petrovsky), the unity of consciousness and activity
A.N. Leontiev, C.JI. Rubinshtein), about mental functions in the context of personal formations (K.K. Platonov), as well as about the subject of mental activity (B.G. Ananiev, A.V. Brushlinsky, B.F. Lomov).
theoretical basis dissertations were the works of domestic and foreign scientists, which consider the scientific foundations of the psychology of personality and social groups (K.A. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, A.G. Asmolov), ideas about the integrity of individuality and personality (V.V. Stolin, A.B. Orlov), studies of value-semantic orientations and spiritual and moral foundations of the personality (G.M. Andreev, A. Maslow), the foundations of the doctrine of stress, mechanisms of adaptation to stressful situations (V.A. Ababkov, GTSele, N.V7 Tarabrina, R. Lazarus, SG Fisher), ideas about borderline neuropsychiatric disorders (V.M. Bekhterev, P.B. Gannushkin, E.G. Gordeeva, V.A. Domoratsky, B.D. Karvasarsky, A.L. Pushkarev, G.K. Ushakov), about the structural organization and personality traits (G.Yu. Aizenk, R. Cattell, J. Moreno); about the functioning of the motivational-need sphere of personality (V.K. Vilyunas, E.P. Ilyin, A.N. Leontiev, S.L. Rubinshtein).
To solve the tasks in the work, the following research methods were used:
1. Survey-analytical method - analysis of psychological, pedagogical, medical literature; comparison and generalization of studies on the problem of adaptability.
2. Logical-constructivist, allowing us to substantiate the model of a comprehensive program of psychological and pedagogical training of police officers for actions in extreme conditions.
3. Psychodiagnostic methods: observation, conversation, questionnaire survey, method of generalization of independent characteristics, testing.
4. Psychological experiment, stating and forming, with the use of trainings and technologies.
5. Methods of mathematical processing of the received data. The methods of statistical processing of the results were used - the correlation method.
The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the totality of the results of solving the tasks set in the dissertation and, in a generalized form, is that:
The adaptive capabilities of the individual were revealed through the assessment of the level of development of psychological characteristics that are most significant for the regulation of mental activity and the process of adaptation to the effects of extreme conditions;
Substantiated psychological support of operational-service, service-combat activities of employees of internal affairs bodies in extreme conditions;
The features of the psychological state of an internal affairs officer serving in extreme conditions are revealed;
The features are reflected and environmental factors are identified that affect the adaptive potential of an internal affairs officer who is on a business trip in the territory of probable hostilities;
A model of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of employees of internal affairs bodies who have been in extreme conditions has been developed.
Theoretical significance of the study results:
Generalized and systematized theoretical material within the research problem;
At the theoretical and methodological level, the necessity of increasing the adaptive potential of police officers going on a business trip to the territory of the Chechen Republic is substantiated as a determining factor in the process of adaptation to extreme service conditions;
The importance of carrying out rehabilitation measures with employees of internal affairs bodies (divisions) during their stay in extreme conditions of operational-service, service-combat activities has been proved.
Practical significance of the study: a comprehensive program for organizing the psychological support of operational, service, service and combat activities of employees of internal affairs bodies and departments who have been in extreme conditions has been proposed. The results obtained can be used both in the Training Centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which carry out the formation of consolidated police units and prepare employees for going on business trips to the territory of the North Caucasus region, and in the activities of psychologists of bodies and departments of internal affairs to provide psychological support for police officers during their stay in zones of probable hostilities (during selection, training, escort, subsequent rehabilitation).
The reliability and validity of the main results and conclusions of the study is ensured by the validity of the initial theoretical and methodological positions; using a set of methods adequate to the goals and objectives of the study; application of methods of mathematical statistics; representativeness of the sample size.
The following provisions are put forward for defense:
1. The degree of adaptation and compensatory protective mechanisms depend on the psychological characteristics of the personality of the police officer. The more significant the adaptive capabilities of the individual, the higher the probability of normal functioning and effective fulfillment of assigned tasks and functions in extreme conditions of operational service, service and combat activities.
2. The psychological characteristics of the individual, which determine the possibility of successful adaptation, are interconnected and constitute an integral characteristic of mental development - personal adaptive potential. The most important indicator of personality changes is the experience of the current mental state.
3. Personal adaptive potential makes it possible to differentiate all police officers who are participants in hostilities according to the degree of resistance to the effects of external psycho-emotional stressors, which determines the feasibility of developing a comprehensive program of psychological and pedagogical support for operational, service, service and combat activities of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs who have been in extreme conditions.
4. A comprehensive program for the implementation of psychological and pedagogical support for the activities of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs should include four stages, interconnected:
Psychological selection of employees sent on a business trip, taking into account the level of personal adaptive potential;
Psychological and pedagogical training of employees for actions in extreme conditions;
Psychological support and support for the personnel of bodies and departments of internal affairs on a business trip;
Organization of medical and psychological rehabilitation upon the return of employees to their places of permanent deployment.
The empirical base of the study was made up of policemen of the combined police detachment of the patrol service (SOM PGTSM of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Stavropol Territory in the Chechen Republic) - 29 people, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Chechen Republic - 222, employees of the organizational and analytical department for ensuring the activities of the Regional Operational Headquarters for managing counter-terrorism operations in the North- Caucasus region (OJSC OD ROSH of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Southern Federal District) - 22 who served on a business trip in the Chechen Republic, as well as employees of the 2nd Operative and Investigative Bureau (Grozny) of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the Southern Federal District - 32 serving on a permanent basis basis.
The study was conducted from 2002 to 2005 and consisted of 4 stages.
At the first stage of the study, the research topic was formulated, the relevance of the problem was substantiated, goals and objectives were defined. The main stages are outlined. Methods for collecting information and processing data have been selected.
At the second stage - a theoretical analysis and understanding of the problem was carried out, domestic and foreign literature on the research topic was studied.
At the third stage (empirical research), a detailed description of the contingent participating in the experiment is given; the levels of psychological adaptation of police officers - participants in hostilities were determined; the analysis of the psychological difficulties of adaptation, the reasons for their occurrence, as well as the conditions conducive to the process of psychological adaptation; the stages of a comprehensive psychological and pedagogical program of psychological support for the operational-service, service-combat activities of police officers in extreme conditions were worked out.
At the fourth stage, the data obtained were processed and interpreted, the research results were tested and implemented, practical recommendations were formulated, and the dissertation work was completed.
Approbation and implementation of the research results: The main theoretical provisions and results of the research were covered at the XI International scientific and practical conference "Psychological support for the professional activities of law enforcement officers" (Omsk, 2004), the regional scientific and practical conference of psychologists of the Department of Internal Affairs "Individual work with employees Department of Internal Affairs and new technologies in psychological support "(Gelendzhik, 2005), a regional meeting-seminar of the heads of departments of psychological support of personnel apparatuses and heads of the Centers for psychological diagnostics of the internal affairs bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in the Southern Federal District (Stavropol,
2005), at a meeting of psychologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Chechen Republic (Grozny, 2005), at a meeting of the Department of Pedagogy and Psychology of the Higher School of the North Caucasus State Technical University (Stavropol, 2005).
The structure and scope of the work: the thesis consists of an introduction to three chapters, a conclusion, a list of references of 349 titles, the work is presented on 188 pages of typewritten text, contains 4 figures, 11 tables and an appendix.
Similar theses in the specialty "Psychology of development, acmeology", 19.00.13 VAK code
Pedagogical support for the activities of military personnel of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2006, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Tarasov, Mikhail Mikhailovich
Substantiation of the algorithm for the examination of professional suitability and medical and psychological correction of employees of extreme professions. 2012, Doctor of Medical Sciences Bikkinina, Guzel Miniraisovna
Dynamics of the psychological state of employees of a special unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the process of adaptation to the conditions of official activity 1999, candidate of biological sciences Razdoburdina, Elena Pavlovna
Rational management of the system of psychological assistance based on medical monitoring and organization of the psychoprophylactic process 2006, candidate of medical sciences Sklyarova, Tatyana Petrovna
The system for improving the professional training of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for actions in extreme situations 2009, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Kiselev, Alexander Mikhailovich
Dissertation conclusion on the topic "Psychology of development, acmeology", Gordienko, Denis Aleksandrovich
Conclusions on the third chapter.
The main principle of psychological and pedagogical support is the training of the commanding staff (commanders), as well as ordinary employees, in the basics of psychological and pedagogical knowledge to prevent the occurrence of functional and mental disorders, inappropriate forms of behavior, techniques and methods of confronting negative consequences psycho-emotional stress.
The complex of measures of the unified program of psychological and pedagogical support for the operational, service, service and combat activities of employees of internal affairs bodies and divisions who have been in extreme conditions implies the presence of three periods: the preparatory period, the period of extreme impact and the post-extreme period - each of which involves various organizational and methodological approaches, a certain algorithm of actions. This is designed to improve the organization of the activities of psychologists of the internal affairs bodies in the organization of the psychological adaptation of combatants.
All results of psychodiagnostic examination of police officers who returned from business trip can be divided into three groups:
1) employees without significant deviations of the mental state, who have retained the ability to fully socialize and work;
2) employees with functional deviations, a reduced level of efficiency, experiencing difficulties in everyday life, but maintaining sufficient control over their behavior;
3) employees who have pronounced manifestations of post-traumatic stress symptoms, violations of social and professional adaptation.
In accordance with the results of the survey, the psychologists of the internal affairs bodies for each employee provide the heads of departments and services with recommendations on organizing the optimal mode of work and rest - carrying and storing service weapons, forms of individual psychological and pedagogical work. And if an acute or chronic somatic pathology is detected in employees, they are subject to treatment and dispensary observation in medical institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Central Internal Affairs Directorate, and the Internal Affairs Directorate of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
CONCLUSION
An analysis of the situation shows that for more than 10 years the North Caucasus has been the most difficult region of our country. In the context of the complicated operational situation in the South of Russia, organized groups of illegal armed formations are trying, by committing terrorist acts, to bring confusion and panic among the civilian population, turmoil in the ranks of the internal affairs bodies. The events in Dagestan, North Ossetia, Ingushetia, Karachay-Cherkessia, Kabardino-Balkaria are clear evidence of this. Despite the set of measures being taken to stabilize the situation in the region, the operational situation in the Chechen Republic remains rather complicated.
This often creates the prerequisites for the emergence, both in the republic itself and in the regions bordering it, of crisis situations of a socio-political, criminal nature. The most acute form of their manifestation is inter-ethnic conflicts, hostage-taking and other terrorist acts, leading to an increase in tension in the district. Under these conditions, the adoption of adequate measures to stabilize and strengthen the situation is a priority for the activities of the internal affairs bodies.
Meanwhile, the experience of conducting a counter-terrorist operation on the territory of the Chechen Republic testifies to the susceptibility of employees of internal affairs bodies to stress disorders. In psychological terms, this leads to the emergence of intrapersonal contradictions among employees, especially those participating in the operation for the first time, which are often accompanied by negative experiences, painful reflections and reasoning about the situation in which they find themselves.
A far from complete list of these factors generates excessive psycho-emotional stress, which, when the threshold of neuropsychic stress resistance is exceeded, leads to disorganization of various functional systems of the body among employees. The resulting maladaptive states, as a rule, manifest themselves in a decrease in combat readiness and performance, the commission of various delinquent acts or other deviant forms of behavior (abuse of alcohol and drugs, violations of discipline and legality, aggressiveness and impulsiveness), in neuropsychic and psychosomatic disorders, sometimes leading to suicidal behavior and unjustified death of personnel.
In extreme conditions, a law enforcement officer is affected by a number of powerful psychological stress factors: a clear awareness of the possibility of dying or getting injured, increased responsibility for making decisions, which, moreover, must be taken quickly, the psychological barrier of shooting at living people. As a result, a person cannot clearly, and most importantly, effectively fulfill the operational-service, service-combat tasks facing him. All this makes it necessary to pay increased attention to the organization of psychological and pedagogical training of employees of internal affairs bodies for actions in extreme conditions.
The adverse effect on the human body of extreme conditions of activity increases sensitivity to psycho-traumatic factors. Hence, combat mental traumas act as the last link in the chain of various adverse effects. A disorder in the activity of defense mechanisms leads to breakdowns in adaptation to external conditions, in the ability to overcome difficulties, and to an easier emergence of neurotic states.
As shown by the analysis of the emotional states of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs who have been in extreme conditions, the characteristic features of the combat situation at the present stage of combat operations are:
High emotional and psychological overload of the nervous system;
Clear stages in the development of psychogenic disorders, from fear and anxiety reactions to depressive, asthenic and other neurotic disorders, which subsequently transform into persistent stress disorders;
The need to maintain the combat capability of injured employees, despite the extreme nature of the situation and the presence of psychogenic disorders, in order to actively fight for their lives, for further participation in the fulfillment of tasks.
The factor of mental stress is important not only in the process of combat exhaustion of employees of internal affairs bodies and divisions, but also as a special psycho-physiological state, against which panic reactions easily arise. Mental tension that develops in states of threat spreads to groups, unites them with a sense of anxiety, expectation of danger, and thus creates the prerequisites for the emergence of extended psychogenic (panic) reactions.
Violations of mental balance in a combat situation are most often caused by a plurality of simultaneously acting factors.
In extreme conditions, all the mental and physical qualities of an employee are manifested, characterizing him as a person. This is dictated by the need to conduct psychological and pedagogical training, psychohygiene and psychoprophylaxis with employees in case of mental imbalance and their psychological rehabilitation.
Today, psychological adaptation occupies a leading place in the system of organizing psychological support for the activities of personnel of internal affairs bodies and divisions in extreme conditions of service, and the most important areas of activity for psychologists in preventing combat mental trauma and restoring the mental balance of personnel are:
1. Purposeful organization of psychological and pedagogical training of employees for actions in extreme conditions.
2. Organization and control over the implementation of mental hygiene and prevention in the combined police units.
3. A deep and comprehensive study of the personality of an employee who received a combat mental trauma, the characteristics of his emotional response, motivation, the specifics of the formation, structure and functioning of his system of relations.
4. Identification and study of mechanisms that contribute to the emergence and maintenance of negative mental states and their symptoms.
5. The formation of an employee's awareness and understanding of the causal relationship between the features of "his system of relations and the resulting mental trauma.
6. Assistance to an employee who has received a combat mental trauma in a reasonable resolution of a psycho-traumatic situation, changing, if necessary, his objective position and the attitude of others around him.
7. Change in attitudes, correction of inadequate reactions and forms of maladaptive behavior of an employee with combat psychological trauma.
8. Restoration of the employee's ability to work through the timely implementation of a set of organizational, medical, rehabilitation and preventive measures.
9. Continuous implementation of educational work in order to maintain a high morale of the personnel, the formation of a healthy moral and psychological climate in the units.
That is why one of the directions for improving the psychological and pedagogical support of the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies in extreme conditions should be a comprehensive program aimed at developing adaptive personal potential, shaping the skills, abilities, and knowledge of personnel to perform operational, service, service and combat tasks. .
To achieve the above goals, we have proposed a comprehensive program of psychological and pedagogical support for the operational, service, service and combat activities of police officers, including aspects of strengthening human resources, developing and shaping the organizational system of the psychological service, taking into account the functional needs of territorial bodies, focusing on the training system, retraining and advanced training of practical psychologists.
Summing up the work done, it should be noted that the psychological support for the activities of employees of internal affairs bodies in extreme conditions is the subject of extensive research that cannot be fully disclosed in one study. For a complete study of this issue, it is necessary, of course, to consider each of the directions in the organization of psychological adaptation in more detail, based on the data already described.
The main goal of the study was achieved by organizing training for employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Chechen Republic in the techniques and methods of psychological self-regulation, conducting psychological events (trainings, debriefings, role-playing games, advisory and psychodiagnostic work) in the conditions of performing operational-service, service-combat tasks on the territory of the Chechen Republic, the formation of a comprehensive program of psychological and pedagogical support for the activities of personnel who have been in extreme conditions.
The analysis of the results of the study allows us to formulate following conclusions:
1. The process of adaptation of the personality of an employee of internal affairs bodies and divisions to the performance of operational and service tasks in extreme conditions is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon designed to ensure the formation of a complex of mental reactions that determine the adequate behavior of the individual and its effective interaction with an unusual environment of existence, which by its nature has psychogenic character.
2. An important link in the psychological adaptation of police officers is the diagnosis or assessment of their adaptive capabilities at the initial stage, before they are seconded on a business trip.
3. The success of the adaptation of employees to unusual, changed conditions of life is achieved by targeted psychological and pedagogical training of employees, which allows developing the potential of the individual through the mechanisms of self-development and self-actualization.
4. Psychological adaptation of employees of bodies and departments of internal affairs to the extreme conditions of operational service, service and combat activities affects the combat capability of the unit.
In addition, the analysis of the received research materials indicates that at present it is necessary to pay attention to police officers from among the local population permanently residing in the territory of the Chechen Republic. Until recently, the main emphasis on the psychological support of personnel in extreme conditions was given to those employees who were sent to the republic either under a contract or as part of a combined police detachment, and, as a rule, they forgot about psychological and adaptation measures with local employees. , despite the fact that this contingent of personnel is most susceptible to factors of psycho-emotional tension and stress.
At the same time, in the interests of improving the organization of the system of psychological adaptation in the internal affairs bodies, it is advisable to form departmental rehabilitation centers aimed at increasing the level of adaptability to peaceful conditions of life, restoring the professional performance of employees who took part in extreme conditions of operational and service, service and combat activities in North Caucasus region.
The solution of these and other issues will significantly affect the organization of psychological adaptation, increase the effectiveness of measures aimed at correcting the conditions of police officers, preventing mental disorders in the performance of operational-service, service-combat tasks in extreme conditions.
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