A series of articles dedicated to the largest Russian companies has been completed. The main reason for writing this cycle was the desire to analyze and describe the largest representatives Russian economy and business, as well as try to assess the structure and development prospects of each major domestic company separately. I hope that the articles written by me will be able to help site visitors in analyzing and evaluating representatives Russian business. In this publication, to simplify the search for a company of interest, they will be sorted by industry structure.
Shares of oil companies have always been of interest to investors. is the main item of Russian exports, accounting for about a third of all exports to monetary terms, and together with oil products, this share is almost 50%. In addition, prices for the third main component of exports significantly depend on the level of prices for oil and oil products. The largest representatives of the Russian oil and gas industry are such companies as:
- leading Russian companies
- extraction and transportation of oil and gas
- credit and financial companies
- telecommunications companies
- companies in the engineering industry
- energy industry companies
- chemical industry
- company consumer
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The importance of industry in the economy of any country can hardly be overestimated: it is plants and factories that supply everything necessary materials, equipment, fixtures and many other goods for all other sectors of the economy. Currently in Russia there are approximately 460,000 industrial enterprises, which employ over 15 million of our compatriots. We present you the top 10 largest factories in our country.
10. Aviastar
The specialization of the enterprise, founded in 1975, is the production of modern passenger and cargo aircraft Tu-204 and transport aircraft Il-76. In one year, 50 "flyers" come out from under the roof of the plant. The capacities of Aviastar also allow re-equipment and modernization of domestic and foreign airliners. The plant is rapidly developing a program of technical re-equipment, which allows saving up to 30% of the time for aircraft manufacturing. To date, the production area of the plant is 1,400,000 m².
9. Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
What can a tractor factory produce besides the tractors themselves? And much more! This company makes bulldozers, pipelayers, loaders, forestry equipment, engines and much more. working equipment. The potential of ChTZ provides a full technological cycle for the creation of machines, from blanks to assembly and testing. The company is located on an area of 2,500,000 m².
8. Energoprom
Energoprom provides the carbon-graphite industry of the national economy, producing electrical elements and parts for transport, electrodes for metallurgy and graphite masonry for nuclear reactors. The unique production technology allows deliveries of products to more than 50 countries of the world.
7. Severstal
This steel plant is the world's largest enterprise that supplies the mining and steel industries. Here they produce fittings, steel structures for the construction of buildings and construction of bridges, pipe billets, rolled products for quarry and construction equipment, as well as special types armored steel for the automotive industry.
6. "T-platforms"
Supercomputers are manufactured at the enterprise, and over the years of work, more than 300 developments and innovative technologies. Most famous project plant - the Lomonosov supercomputer, specially created for the Moscow State University, which can perform 1.7 quadrillion operations in one second.
5. OJSC "Lebedyansky"
The company is a leader in the Russian market for the production baby food and juices. The history of the company begins in 1967 with a small cannery. Currently, this is a whole holding, which includes several food and beverage manufacturing plants.
KamAZ is one of the largest truck manufacturers in Russia. The plant carries out a full cycle of automotive industry: from the creation of a project to production and further after-sales service. The concern includes its own foundry and forging plants, an engine production plant, a repair and tool plant and other enterprises for the manufacture of spare parts.
The plant covers an area of about 4,000,000 m², and every year more than 800,000 cars are produced here. It is hard to imagine that the length of the conveyor system is 300 km, and the length of the main one is 1.5 km. Experts calculated that almost 28,000,000 cars have left under its wing during the entire existence and operation of the enterprise.
Uralvagonzavod is a real research and production association that develops and manufactures not only the latest military equipment, but also road-building machines and train cars. On the basis of the enterprise, there are several research institutes, design bureaus and factories producing components and spare parts.
At the Izhora plant, everything is produced, well, or almost everything. Here they create something that cannot be found anywhere else in the world: powerful excavators, sheet metal, power equipment and even nuclear reactor vessels.
one . Heavy industry of Russia and countries of the world
Traditionally, heavy industry in Russia includes those industries that produce means of production. All mining enterprises, as well as a part of processing industrial enterprises, operate in the industrial sector. On our industrial portal site you can find a directory with industrial enterprises Russian Federation, enterprises of the countries of the world and the CIS states. The handbook has actual information about enterprises, which is constantly added and regularly updated.
In most countries of the world, as in Russia, heavy industry is the main industry, and large investments are constantly being made into it. On the world market, industrial products are in great demand, and about 500 million people worked at industrial enterprises around the world before the onset of the global economic crisis.
In the CIS countries, such industries as metallurgy, mechanical engineering, chemical, fuel and energy industries are the most developed. Thus, the industry of Tajikistan accounts for approximately 29% of GDP, in Ukraine half of exports are products of such an industry as ferrous metallurgy, in Kazakhstan engineering production, and ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises produce 12-13% of the total industrial output, Armenia is known for the Vanadzor chemical complex of 25 enterprises.
2. Branches of heavy industry and enterprises that represent them
The industry includes more than 134 sub-sectors. The territorial (spatial) combination of specific heavy industries with manufacturing enterprises is also influenced by certain factors, such as the presence of:
Mineral resources,
- fuel and energy resources,
- labor resources,
- material resources.
In Russia, the basic branches of heavy industry are:
Fuel and energy complex. The industry combines industrial enterprises that are engaged in the extraction of fuel, its transportation, and energy production. This includes enterprises in the oil, coal, gas, and electric power industries;
- ferrous metallurgy. The industry is considered the main one in heavy industry and unites enterprises that are engaged in mining iron ore, smelting steel, iron, and enterprises for the production of rolled products and ferroalloys;
- non-ferrous metallurgy. Enterprises are engaged in the production of various structural materials (both chemical and physical properties). Enterprises produce noble, rare metals. The industry includes copper, nickel-cobalt, lead-zinc, aluminum, titanium-magnesium and tungsten-molybdenum industries;
- machine-building complex. The industry includes enterprises that produce various equipment, including for the extractive industries of heavy industry, as well as machine tools, cars, ships and other equipment;
- chemical-forest complex. Chemical industry consists of such sub-sectors as mining and chemical industry, chemistry of organic synthesis, basic chemistry, production of various polymer materials, chemicals industry, household chemicals. timber industry represented by enterprises that harvest, process wood and chemically process it. This includes enterprises that are engaged in sawmilling, plywood, various building parts, furniture, etc.
3. Industrial enterprises, their associations and unions
Industrial plants, combines and factories are often united in business unions or associations. Such associations help protect common commercial interests, fight competition (including foreign ones), and coordinate activities.
Most often, industrial enterprises unite into holdings, financial and industrial associations and corporations, less often into syndicates and consortiums.
Industrial holdings are formed when one of joint-stock companies obtains controlling stakes in other shareholder firms. Huge holdings gain control financial activities several hundred joint-stock companies. Such holdings also include banks and concerns.
Financial and industrial groups include industrial, construction and transport companies as well as banks and other financial institutions.
Consortiums are temporary associations of industrial enterprises that are created in order to solve certain problems in a clearly defined time period. Each member of the consortium remains economically independent.
The purpose of creating syndicates is the sale of products, the expansion of markets for its sale. Syndicates often arise in the extractive industries.
Associations voluntarily unite independent industrial enterprises.
Concerns are statutory associations that include industrial enterprises, as well as transport companies, banks, scientific organizations, etc. In concerns, enterprises depend on one or more entrepreneurs.
In a corporation, enterprises are united on a contractual basis, based on certain production, commercial or other interests. In corporations, central regulation of the activities of participants has been adopted.
4. The largest industrial enterprises in Russia
1. Gazprom (oil and Oil and gas industry).
2. Oil company LUKOIL (oil and oil and gas industry).
3. Oil company "Rosneft" (oil and oil and gas industry).
4. TNK-BP Holding (oil and oil and gas industry).
5. Surgutneftegaz (oil and oil and gas industry).
6. Severstal (ferrous metallurgy).
7. Evraz Group S. A. (ferrous metallurgy).
8. Tatneft (oil and oil and gas industry).
9. United Company "Rusal" (non-ferrous metallurgy).
10. MMC Norilsk Nickel (non-ferrous metallurgy).
11. TAIF Group (Republic of Tatarstan, chemical and petrochemical industry).
12. Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works (ferrous metallurgy).
13. Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (ferrous metallurgy).
14. Mechel (ferrous metallurgy).
15. "Metalloinvest" (ferrous metallurgy).
16. AvtoVAZ (engineering).
17. Oil and gas company "Slavneft" (oil and oil and gas industry).
18. Energoatom Concern (power industry).
19. "Ford Motor Company" (Leningrad region, mechanical engineering).
20. GAZ Group (engineering).
21. Pipe Metallurgical Company (ferrous metallurgy).
22. Oil and gas company "Russneft" (oil and oil and gas industry).
23. ANK "Bashneft" (Republic of Bashkortostan, oil and oil and gas industry).
24. OPK OBORONPROM (engineering).
25. Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern (engineering).
Industry is an important component of the country's economic complex. Its leading role is determined by the fact that it supplies ever new materials and tools. Among other industries, it stands out for its regional and complex-forming functions.
Briefly about Russian industry
To date, the number of enterprises in Russia is approaching the mark of 460 thousand, they provide jobs for almost 15 million people, the volume of their products has exceeded the mark of 21 billion rubles. The industry of our country is characterized by a complex diversified and diversified structure, reflecting changes in improvement in the development of the territorial division of labor. It is directly related to scientific and technological progress.
Classification
Modern Russia is characterized by a fairly high level of specialization. As a result of the deepening division of labor various industries, sub-sectors and types of production. Together, they form an industry structure. In the current current classification, eleven complex industries are identified, such as electric power, fuel, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and mechanical engineering, petrochemical and chemical, pulp and paper, forestry, woodworking, food, light industry. This division is determined by many economic and social factors, the main of which are: technical progress, level of development, social and historical conditions, natural skills of the local population.
Industry is divided into:
- Mining. This includes industries associated not only with the extraction of minerals, but also their enrichment. In addition, it includes fishing for marine animals, fish and seafood.
- Processing. This includes industrial enterprises in Russia engaged in the processing of products from the extractive industry. In addition, it also includes the processing of forest and agricultural raw materials. This industry is the basis of the entire heavy industry of the country.
The largest enterprises in Russia. Gazprom"
Consider the top seven in the ranking of the largest companies in our country. In compiling this list, their assets, revenues and profits were taken into account. Mostly in the list of giants were Russia, or rather, one of the branches of this industry - oil production. But first things first.
So, the undisputed leader is OAO Gazprom. This Russian gas company was founded in 1989. It operates in the gas production and gas distribution industry. Gazprom ranks fifteenth in the world in terms of its assets, and in terms of revenue, it ranks 24th in the ranking of global companies. The company's gas transportation system is 160,000 kilometers long and is the longest on our planet. 51 percent of the company's shares are owned by the state. The market value of Gazprom exceeds 156 billion US dollars, its turnover is 150 billion dollars, and its assets are estimated at more than 303 billion dollars. This enterprise provides jobs for more than four hundred thousand people.
OAO Lukoil
Considering it is impossible not to mention this company. She takes second place in our ranking. This enterprise was organized in 1991. The main activity of the OJSC is the exploration, production, processing and sale of oil and natural gas. Until 2007 it was the most big company in terms of black gold production, in terms of revenue, it occupies the second position after Gazprom. At the beginning of 2011, in terms of hydrocarbon reserves, Lukoil was considered the third company in the world ranking of private enterprises, and in terms of oil reserves, it was the first in the world. Thus, its market value is more than 55 billion dollars; assets - $90.6 billion; turnover - 105 billion dollars; annual revenue - 111.4 billion dollars; profit - 10.4 billion dollars. This enterprise provides jobs for more than one hundred and fifty thousand people.
OJSC Rosneft
This company is also included in the list of Russian enterprises whose assets can compete with the world's giants. JSC was established in 1993. Its main activity is exploration and gas operations, as well as the production of petroleum products and petrochemicals. An interesting fact is that since 2007 the company has surpassed its rival Lukoil in terms of oil production thanks to the purchase of Yukos assets. The cost of this enterprise is about 80 billion dollars; turnover - 63 billion dollars; revenue - about 60 billion dollars; assets - $106 billion; profit reaches 11.3 billion dollars. The Rosneft company provides jobs for about 170 thousand people.
OJSC "Sberbank of Russia"
This organization confirms that major Russia work not only in the extractive industries, the fourth place in our ranking is occupied by financial company. OJSC is a universal banking structure, as it provides a fairly wide range of services. Thus, according to 2009 data, its share in the Russian deposit market was more than 50 percent, and the loan portfolio amounted to more than thirty percent of loans that were issued throughout the country. The market value of Sberbank is about $75 billion; the share of assets - 282.4 billion dollars; profit - 31.8 billion dollars. The company provides jobs for more than 240 thousand people.
OAO TNK-BP Holding
This enterprise was organized relatively recently - in 2003. Its specialization is oil production and its processing. The basis for its creation was the parity principles of TNK and British BP. The market value of the holding is $51.6 billion; revenue - 60.2 billion dollars; profit reaches 9 billion dollars. The enterprise provides jobs for more than 50 thousand people.
OAO Surgutneftegaz
Large enterprises Russia was replenished with another "oil pump", he took sixth place in our rating. JSC was founded in 1990 and is one of the largest oil and gas companies in the country. The company is registered in the city of Surgut, where its headquarters is located. The estimated cost is about $40 billion; assets - $46.6 billion; revenue - $20.3 billion; profit - 4.3 billion dollars. Surgutneftegaz provides jobs for more than 110 thousand people.
JSC VTB Bank
Our list ends with another financial institution. The beginning of its activity is 1990, before that the enterprise was called Vneshtorgbank. This commercial organization was able to bypass Sberbank of Russia in terms of the size of the authorized capital, and took a strong second place in terms of assets. The head office of the company is located in Moscow, but the place of registration is the cultural capital of Russia - St. Petersburg. The company's market value, according to preliminary estimates, is $26.4 billion; equity- $19.7 billion; assets - $139.3 billion; revenue - 12.6 billion dollars. The enterprise provides jobs for almost 70 thousand people.
As you can see, only oil and gas companies and financial organizations were included in the rating. However, large Russian enterprises are not limited only to the mining sector, even if they do not have so many assets and such cosmic profits, but they also have something to brag about. For example, some of them even got into the Guinness Book of Records. However, more on that later.
Manufacturing enterprises in Russia. "Izhora plant"
Although this enterprise cannot compete with the leaders of our rating, it is known and respected all over the world. This plant is one of the largest on the planet, capable of producing almost any part. And some of them are not produced anywhere else. The enterprise belongs to the sub-sector of heavy engineering. It is located in Kolpino (St. Petersburg). The range of this plant includes powerful excavators, rolling and power equipment, sheet and long products, and much more. The enterprise in Kolpino is the only manufacturer of vessels for nuclear reactors in the Russian Federation.
"Uralvagonzavod"
The defense enterprises of Russia include more than 1200 factories of various profiles. Many of them are widely known, and their products often have no analogues in the world. However, in this article we consider enterprises from the standpoint of their size, in this regard, we should focus on Uralvagonzavod. Due to its size, it got into the Guinness Book of Records and is considered the largest enterprise on the planet, its area is 827 thousand square meters. It is located in the Sverdlovsk region, in the city of Nizhny Tagil. In fact, it is a research and production corporation that is engaged in both the development and production of new samples. military equipment, road-building machines, railway cars. The corporation includes manufacturing enterprises, design office and research institutes. The state owns the entire stake in this enterprise.
Finally
Despite the practically unceasing global economic crises, Russia continues to be an industrial world power. Quite recently (on a historical scale), our country has dramatically changed its course of development, and today no one will reproach Russians for their lack of desire to work, to build their future already in the conditions of capitalist realities. Let the skeptics say that the proportion industrial production in Russia is inexorably reduced and only the extractive industries remain in demand, that almost all raw materials are exported. Of course, there is some truth in these words, but it should be understood that, as in wild nature here survival of the fittest. In recent years, the construction complex and industrial enterprises in Russia have been rapidly developing towards a major re-equipment and re-equipment of factories to work according to new standards and technologies. Now the focus is on economically justified production volumes with a minimum number of workers. This is achieved thanks to high-tech equipment and an increase in the share of automation of the production process.
This trend has led to the fact that over the past ten years the number of plants has increased significantly. As a result, for ease of orientation in this mass of companies, a directory was developed from which you can find out how many enterprises are in Russia, their contact details, what they produce and a lot of other information that will be useful to both entrepreneurs and ordinary people. This idea was implemented within the framework of the project "All Industry of Russia".
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