Parfenova Tatyana Viktorovna
Place of work: MBOU Secondary School No. 39, Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Region
Position: teacher primary classes
Cool hour for the day national unity.
Goal: to form an idea of the new Russian holiday, its origins and meaning, to develop civic qualities in schoolchildren, to form basic knowledge about symbols Russian state and his history.
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In recent years, our country has officially gained new holiday "Day of National Unity" which is now celebratedNovember 4th every year .
Answer:Day of military glory of Russia. Day of good deeds. On this day we provide assistance to the unfortunate and needy, that is, we engage in charity work.
Slide 3.
The national anthem is the official state symbol of Russia . The celebration of any national holiday begins with the sound of the anthem. And we will start the class hour with the Russian anthem.
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There's no arguing with history
WITH live history,
She unites
For feat and for work.
One state
When the people are united.
When great power
He moves forward.
He defeats the enemy
United in battle,
And Rus' liberates
And sacrifices himself.
For the glory of those heroes
We live by one destiny
Today is Unity Day
We celebrate with you.
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Tell me, what is unity? Why is it needed? Under what conditions does it occur?
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Dew consists of dewdrops,
From droplets of steam - fog,
Sand from the smallest grains of sand,
Russia is made up of Russians.
We have been united in spirit for a long time
And connected by a common fate,
And the banner of unity led
All of us, both for work and for battle.
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The celebration of this day is connected with the events of Russian history back in 1612.
Tell me, what events took place at this time?
Answer: these events were associated with the liberation of Moscow from Polish invaders (invaders), with the events of the Time of Troubles.
Slide 8.
At the beginning of the 17th century, Russia was going through a difficult period in its history - the Time of Troubles. What was it? A series of lean years that led to hunger and poverty.
Riots and uprisings began in the country.
Power became fragile: the royal Rurik dynasty was interrupted. For a long time, the royal throne was replaced by one then another. The people, the army, the Cossacks, the boyars grumbled.
Terrible news reached Nizhny Novgorod: the Moscow boyars opened the Kremlin gates to the enemies and recognized the Polish prince Vladislav as king. Detachments of Polish lords scoured the Russian soil, plundering the people. The country was under the threat of foreign enslavement.
Life has come to a standstill in Russian cities. Trade in Nizhny Novgorod has stalled. Carpenters and blacksmiths, tanners and shoemakers lost their jobs.
Slide 9.
The Poles and then the Swedes took advantage of the weakness of Rus'. They began an intervention in Rus'.
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Quite a number of years passed before the Russian people realized that they had to save their land, otherwise it would fall to the enemy.IN Constant meetings began: they discussed how to rise, where to get people and funds. Such questions were addressed primarily to the zemstvo elder Minin, a man of average income and a butcher by trade. Minin developed his plans in detail. Speaking to his fellow countrymen, Minin called on them to free Rus' from enemies: “Orthodox! We will not regret anything, we will sell our yards, we will pawn our wives and children, and we will defend the Faith and the Fatherland!” Every day his influence grew; Nizhny Novgorod residents were carried away by Minin’s proposals and finally decided to form a militia, convene service people and collect money for them. According to general decision(as they said then, the sentence) the collection of funds (treasury) for the formation of the militia was carried out first in the form of voluntary donations, and then in the form of a mandatory collection. Thus, the creation of the people's armed forces received a solid material basis.
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The prince was chosen as the leader of the militia , who was then being treated for wounds on a Nizhny Novgorod estate and wished that the economic part of the militia be entrusted to Minin. He was involved in collecting funds, recruiting the militia, supplying it with weapons, ammunition, food, and clothing. The leadership carried out comprehensive preparations for the campaign. A political program was developed. It included the liberation of the country from foreign invaders, non-recognition of sovereigns of foreign origin on the Russian throne, and the creation of a new government based on the support of the entire people.
Slide 12.
Minin and Pozharsky managed to unite people of all classes, nations and nationalities of Russia around the holy goal - the salvation of the Motherland. They raised the whole people against foreigners. Russian troops, of course, were superior to the interventionists in moral qualities. Feeling the support of their entire native land, they were determined to “stand near Moscow, suffer for everyone and fight to the death.” On October 22, 1612, the liberation of Moscow began and the invaders (Poles) were expelled.
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And then the glorious day came: the enemy army surrendered to the mercy of the victors!
Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory
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In 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God,
November 4 was declared a public holiday for the deliverance of Moscow and all of Russia from the Polish invasion in 1612. This day was celebrated for centuries until 1917.
Slide 16.
Due to the revolution of 1917 and subsequent events, the tradition of celebrating the liberation of Moscow from the Polish conquerors was interrupted, and since 2005 it has been restored.
Thus, we can say that National Unity Day is not a new holiday, but a return to the old tradition
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Award to Minin and Pozharskybecame a people's memory. Monuments were erected to them for the edification of their descendants. The first one was erected in Moscow on Red Square in 1818. Fundraising began in 1803, and the work was entrusted to Ivan Martos. The sculptor depicted the moment when Kuzma Minin, pointing his hand towards Moscow, hands Prince Pozharsky an ancient sword and calls on him to stand at the head of the Russian army. Leaning on the shield, the wounded governor rises from his bed, which symbolizes the awakening of national self-awareness in a difficult hour for the Fatherland.
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The second monument was erected in Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin in 1826 according to a sketch by A. I. Melnikov
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A monument to Minin and Pozharsky was unveiled in Nizhny Novgorod work - a reduced (by 5 cm) copy of the Moscow monument. It is installed under the walls , near the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist. According to historians and experts, in It was from the porch of this church that Kuzma Minin called on Nizhny Novgorod residents to gather and equip a people’s militia to defend Moscow from the Poles.
Slide 21.
By turning our memory to our history, we draw spiritual strength from it and understand that our Motherland must be protected and, if necessary, defended.
The victory that the Russian people won at that difficult time is not only a victory over an external enemy, but also over internal weakness and disunity, which almost destroyed the country. This must not happen again!
Slide 22.
On Unity Day we will be close,
We'll be together forever
All nationalities of Russia
In distant villages and cities!
Live, work, build together,
Sowing grain, raising children,
Create, love and argue,
Protect people's peace
To honor our ancestors, to remember their deeds,
Avoid wars and conflicts,
To fill your life with happiness,
To sleep under a peaceful sky!
Slide 23.
Four centuries have flown by
Over our Russia since then,
When swords rang in battle,
And the axes were raised.
Pozharsky and Minin got together
And they saved their native Rus'.
The townsman and the boyar came together
For your great military work.
And this day has not disappeared for centuries,
He lives in human memory.
Russia will not run out of power -
After all, this power is our people!
Slide 24
Take care of Russia - there is no other Russia.
Take care of her peace and quiet,
This is the sky and the sun, this bread is on the table
And a dear little window in a forgotten village...
Take care of Russia, we cannot live without it.
Take care of her so that she can be forever
With our truth and strength,
With all our destiny.
Take care of Russia - there is no other Russia!
Slide 25.
Let's sum it up
What does this holiday call us to? The new holiday is intended to remind us that we are Russians belonging to different social groups, nationalities and religions - a single people with a common historical destiny and a common future.
What is the essence of National Unity Day? Day of National Unity, imbued with the ideas of national harmony, social unity, strengthening of Russian statehood, mutual understanding, mercy, and care for people. National Unity Day is a testament to the unity of people and service to society.
Why do we need unity? In order to build Russia together. When we have trust in each other, when our friendship is strong, we will be able to protect our Motherland from any danger.
What other names does this holiday have? Day of military glory of Russia. Day of good deeds. On this day we provide assistance to the unfortunate and needy, that is, we engage in charity.
National Unity Day
Slides: 9 Words: 317 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0The entire Russian land stood up against the Polish invaders and traitors. Prince Pozharsky turned out to be a talented commander. Kozma Minin, not sparing his life, fought under the walls of the capital like a simple warrior. The enemy army surrendered to the mercy of the victors! After the victory, Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. The Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, November 4, was declared a public holiday. The Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was celebrated for centuries until 1917. The reward for Minin and Pozharsky was people's memory. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky stands on Red Square - in the very heart of Russia. - Unity Day.ppt
Unity holiday
Slides: 38 Words: 1829 Sounds: 0 Effects: 13We live by one destiny, Today is Unity Day We celebrate with you! Since 2005, November 4 is a national holiday, National Unity Day. The initiator of the introduction of the new holiday was the Russian Orthodox Church. Day of National Unity of Russia. November 4 is the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. One of the most revered icons in the Russian Church. The discovery and further history of the icon. In the indicated place, at a depth of about a meter, an icon was actually found. The copy of the Kazan Icon was sent to Moscow to Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible). On the night of June 29, 1904, the icon was stolen from the Bogoroditsky Monastery. - Celebration of Unity.pptx
National unity
Slides: 8 Words: 266 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0National UNITY Day. National Unity Day is a Russian national holiday. Celebrated on November 4th since 2005. Monument to Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod. Kazan Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God. According to labor code. Traditionally, the center of the festive events will be the city of Nizhny Novgorod. The regional government allocated 15 million 200 thousand rubles to organize the holiday. - National Unity.pptx
Holiday National Unity Day
Slides: 13 Words: 809 Sounds: 0 Effects: 54National Unity Day. The homeland is in danger. Kuzma Minin. K.E. Makovsky. Dmitry Pozharsky. Gathering of the militia and its path to Moscow. Campaign of the second militia. Speech from Yaroslavl. Battle for Moscow. Icon of the Kazan Mother of God. Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan. Russia. Unity Day. - Holiday National Unity Day.ppt
November 4 - National Unity Day
Slides: 30 Words: 483 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1National Unity Day. You, Rus', spread wide across the face of the earth in royal beauty. Blessed by prayer. There is a reason for this, Mighty Rus'. They don’t argue with history, they live with history. November 4 is the national holiday “National Unity Day”. November 4 is the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God since 1612. Let's fast forward 400 years ago. Death of Boris Godunov. Time of Troubles. Minin on Nizhny Novgorod Square, calling on people for donations. Kuzma Minin. Dmitry Pozharsky. Minin (right) and Pozharsky. Be that as it may, Minin and Pozharsky nevertheless drove the Poles out of Moscow. - November 4 - National Unity Day.ppt
National holiday National Unity Day
Slides: 28 Words: 710 Sounds: 0 Effects: 7Feeling of patriotism. National Unity Day. Wise Minin. Strict Russian people. Distant frontiers. Clean shirts. A country. The power of the country. Time. Boris Godunov. Ryazan resident Prokopiy Lyapunov. Poles. Call of the Patriarch. Friends and brothers. Voice of the people. Prince Pozharsky. They carried the miraculous Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Rus' rose from its knees. Militia. Mother of God. The city was burning. Russia. Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Monument. The monument was erected in Nizhny Novgorod. Holiday. Happy National Unity Day. - National holiday National Unity Day.ppt
National Unity Day in Russia
Slides: 38 Words: 1309 Sounds: 0 Effects: 2National Unity Day. The State Duma Russian Federation. The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich. Murder of Tsarevich Dmitry. Death of Boris Godunov. The reign of Vasily IV Shuisky. Siege of Moscow by False Dmitry II. Poland declared war on Russia. Boyar Duma. Civil uprising. Zemsky elder K.A. Minin. Organizers of the new militia. Minin's appeal to Nizhny Novgorod residents. Militia. Culture. Battle for Moscow. Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin. Monument to Ivan Susanin. Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Icon of the Kazan Mother of God. Temple in honor of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God. Grateful Russia. - National Unity Day in Russia.ppsx
History of National Unity Day
Slides: 39 Words: 1146 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0National Unity Day. From the history of troubled times. At the Zemsky Sobor, a new tsar is elected - Boris Godunov. Boris Godunov. The king had many opponents. Tsar Boris Godunov suddenly died, and False Dmitry was crowned king in Moscow. However, soon the Muscovites, led by the Shuisky boyars, killed the Poles in Moscow. The boyar Tsar Vasily Shuisky ascended the throne. False Dmitry 1. Vasily Shuisky. Power passed into the hands of the "Seven Boyars". The country faces the threat of losing its independence! The first militia against the interventionists was led by Lyapunov, but was killed. The militia disintegrated. - History of National Unity Day.ppt
History of the holiday National Unity Day
Slides: 56 Words: 802 Sounds: 3 Effects: 9State. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The first militia. Prokopiy Petrovich Lyapunov. Reconstruction. Tomb of Prince Pozharsky. City of Suzdal. Excerpt from a poem by K. Ryleev. Historical event. Militia. The end of the Time of Troubles. A copy of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky. Nizhny Novgorod. M.I. Glinka. Life for the king. Royal regalia. Scepter. Words of call. Public Holiday. Dmitry Pozharsky. Monument. Nizhny Novgorod feat. Patriarch Hermogenes. Minin's appeal to Nizhny Novgorod residents. Minin and Pozharsky's militia. City of Yaroslavl. Celebration in honor of the Kazan Icon. -
Slide 1
National Unity Day The Russkoe Slovo publishing house offers you a presentation that can be used in history lessons and class hours dedicated to the popularization of public holidays of the Russian Federation.Slide 2
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On November 4, 1612, through the combined efforts of the people's militias, Kitay-Gorod was liberated from the Polish invaders during fierce battles. After this, their Kremlin garrison surrendered, and Moscow was finally liberated from its enemies. E.E. Lissner. "The expulsion of the Poles from the Kremlin"
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The Time of Troubles began with the suppression of the Rurik dynasty on the Russian throne: in 1581 - Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible inadvertently kills his eldest son Ivan; in 1584 - he dies, his middle son Fedor becomes king; in 1591 - his youngest son Dmitry dies as a result of an accident; in 1598, Tsar Fedor dies without leaving an heir. Rice. from left to right: I.E. Repin “Tsar Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan”, “The death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich” (engraving early XIX c.), “Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich” (parsun of the 17th century)
Slide 8
In 1598, the Zemsky Sobor, a meeting of elected representatives from the Russian estates, elected Boris Fedorovich Godunov, Tsar Fedor Ivanovich’s closest assistant, as Tsar. But his reign was unsuccessful. I'm not happy. I thought to calm my people in contentment, in glory, to win their love with generosity - But I put aside empty care: Living power is hateful for the mob. They know how to love only the dead - We are mad when the people's splash Or an angry cry disturbs our heart! God sent a famine to our land, the people howled, perishing in torment; I opened the granaries for them, I scattered gold for them, I found work for them - They cursed me in a rage! The fire destroyed their houses, I built them new homes. They reproached me with fire! Here is the mob's judgment: seek her love. A.S. Pushkin “Boris Godunov” Fig. Election of Boris Godunov to the throne. 19th century engraving
Slide 9
The Kingdom of Poland tried to take advantage of popular discontent with the rule of Boris Godunov. In 1604, the former monk Grigory Otrepyev claimed his right to the Russian throne, posing as the miraculously saved Tsarevich Dmitry. At first, the mercenary detachments of False Dmitry, collected with Polish money, suffered defeats from Russian troops. But in 1605 Tsar Boris died. His son Fedor became the new king. He was only 16 years old. He did not enjoy authority. Many Russians believed the Pretender. False Dmitry easily seized the royal throne. Fyodor Godunov was killed. Fig. above: “False Dmitry I” Engraving of the 17th century. Fig. below: K.E. Makovsky “The murder of Fyodor Godunov by agents of False Dmitry”
Slide 10
The fate of False Dmitry I The atrocities of Polish mercenaries in Moscow turned the townspeople against False Dmitry. The boyars took advantage of this, and in 1606 the Pretender was overthrown and killed. The Zemsky Sobor elected Prince Vasily Shuisky as Russian Tsar. Rice. from left to right: “Polish horsemen” (fig. 17th century), “Death of False Dmitry I” (engraving of the 19th century), “Tsar Vasily Shuisky” (miniature of the 17th century)
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Residents of the western and southern regions of Russia refused to recognize Vasily Shuisky as the legitimate king and began to fight with him. First, Moscow was besieged by troops under the command of Ivan Bolotnikov. Vasily Shuisky’s troops had difficulty coping with them. But then False Dmitry II appeared and organized the Tushino camp near Moscow, from where he tried to rule Russia. Detachments of Tushinites scattered throughout Russia. There were especially many of them in the Novgorod land. To fight them, Vasily Shuisky asked Sweden for help. Rice. from left to right: E.E. Lissner “Bolotnikovites”, “False Dmitry II” (17th century engraving)
Slide 12
War with Poland Poland was at war with Sweden. The Polish king Sigismund III declared war on Russia and in 1609 besieged Smolensk. The defense of Smolensk was led by boyar Mikhail Shein. Rice. by the hour. arrow: “Polish King Sigismund III” (engraving of the 17th century), “Boyar Mikhail Shein” (drawing of our time), “Siege of Smolensk. 1609-1611." (17th century engraving)
Slide 13
The defeat of the Tushino camp Sigismund III ordered the Poles who were in the Tushino camp to leave it and go to Smolensk, which weakened the army of False Dmitry II. Russian troops under the command of Prince Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky in 1610 were finally able to defeat the Tushins and lift the siege from Moscow. The impostor fled to Kaluga. Fig. above: “M.V. Skopin-Shuisky” (parsuna of the 17th century) Fig. below: S.V. Ivanov “Camp of the impostor”
Slide 14
In the spring of 1610, shortly after the defeat of the Tushino camp, Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky died. At this time, the Polish army moved towards Moscow from near Smolensk. From Kaluga, False Dmitry II approached Moscow. In the summer of 1610, the Poles managed to defeat the Russian army in a battle near the village of Klushina. After this, the boyars overthrew Vasily Shuisky and formed their own government - the Seven Boyars. It was headed by Prince Fyodor Mstislavsky. Rice. J. Matejko “Presentation of the captive Tsar Vasily Shuisky to Sigismund III”
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The Seven Boyars could not fight simultaneously with the Poles and False Dmitry II. The Seven Boyars entered into an agreement with the Polish king Sigismund III to invite his son Vladislav to the Russian throne, subject to his conversion to Orthodoxy. Polish troops occupied Moscow under the pretext of protecting it from False Dmitry II. False Dmitry withdrew his troops to Kaluga. Rice. top: Korolevich Vladislav. (17th century engraving) Fig. below: Moscow boyars. (16th century engraving)
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The Poles began to rob residents in Moscow and desecrate Orthodox churches. Patriarch Hermogenes, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, called on the Russian people to resist. For this, the Poles threw him into prison at the Kremlin Chudov Monastery. Meanwhile, False Dmitry was killed. Fig. P. P. Chistyakov “Patriarch Hermogenes refuses the Poles to sign the letter”
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The appeal of Patriarch Hermogenes led to the creation of the first people's militia. It included residents of the Oka and Volga cities, former Tushino residents. The first militia was led by the Ryazan governor Prokopiy Lyapunov and Prince Dmitry Trubetskoy. In the spring of 1611, the militia drove the Poles out of Moscow's White City. In the summer of 1611, conflicts began between the Tushins and the rest of the militia. Voivode Lyapunov was killed. The militia disintegrated. Rice. unknown thin "Siege by Kremlin militias"
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The atrocities of foreign invaders and former Tushins continued. The Swedes, under the pretext of inviting Prince Vladislav to the Russian throne, captured Novgorod. The Poles captured Smolensk and Moscow. False Dmitry III appeared in Pskov. Rice. “Siege of Novgorod by the Swedes. 1611 (Detail of a 17th century icon) In April 1612, a patriotic government was created in Yaroslavl - the “Council of the Whole Land.” In the summer of 1612, the “Council of the Whole Land” sent a people’s militia under the command of Prince Dmitry Pozharsky to liberate Moscow. On November 4, 1612, after long heavy battles, the Poles abandoned Moscow's Kitay-Gorod, and on November 7, their Kremlin garrison surrendered. Rice. from left to right: M.I. Scotti “Minin and Pozharsky”, E.E. Lissner “Expulsion of the Poles from the Moscow Kremlin” Slide 21
After the liberation of Moscow, the “Council of the Whole Earth” gathered in the capital the Zemsky Sobor to elect a new tsar. There were several contenders for the Russian throne. Among them are princes Fyodor Mstislavsky, Dmitry Trubetskoy, Dmitry Pozharsky and others. On February 21, 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected 16-year-old Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the throne. He was a relative of Anastasia Romanova, the first wife of Ivan IV the Terrible and the mother of the last Russian Tsar from the Rurik dynasty, Fyodor Ivanovich. Rice. top: “Zemsky 1613” (miniature of the 17th century) Fig. below: A.D. Kivshenko “The First Romanov”
Thank you for your attention Authors: Morozova L.E. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, senior researcher at the Institute Russian history RAS Agafonov S.V. – methodologist of the publishing house “Russkoe Slovo”, teacher at school No. 1262 in Moscow
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Tsars are impostors Unexpectedly, a fugitive monk Grigory Otrepyev appeared in Lithuania and called himself Tsarevich Dmitry, who miraculously escaped! The Polish king recognized him and gave him an army to win back his “father’s” throne. Boris Godunov did not have time to restore order in the country: he died. My heart failed me. Or did your conscience torture you?.. Without waiting for the Polish army to approach, the boyars dealt with the children of Boris Godunov: they killed their son Fyodor, and imprisoned their daughter Ksenia in a monastery. The Pretender has reigned in Moscow. This Pretender - he remained in history as False Dmitry I - turned out to be a good sovereign. The Poles and boyars were prevented from ruining Rus'. That's why they killed him, replacing him with another - an insignificant one, who also called himself Tsarevich Dmitry. And then he decided to place the Polish prince Vladislav on the Moscow throne. They sent ambassadors to the Polish king Sigismund. And he declared: “I myself will sit on the throne in Moscow. Rus' will become part of the Polish kingdom!” Then the patience of the people came to an end.
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National unity Ryazan resident Prokopiy Lyapunov gathered a militia and moved towards Moscow. The Poles and traitor boyars were frightened and drew up a letter with the order to disband the militia. And they went to Patriarch Hermogenes: “You are the most important in the Russian church. The people will listen to you. Sign the letter!” The patriarch refused and called on the Russian people to oppose the invaders. Lyapunov's militia was small and could not take Moscow. But the patriarch’s call spread throughout all Russian cities. They also heard it in Nizhny Novgorod. The local merchant Kozma Minin was the first to give all his wealth to the militia. The inhabitants of Nizhny gathered a large army. It was headed by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. The militia moved towards Moscow and grew by leaps and bounds along the way. People flocked from everywhere. And in Moscow, the Poles again demanded from the patriarch: “Order the militia, let them disperse!” “May God’s mercy and our blessing be upon them!” answered Hermogenes. “Let the traitors be cursed both in this century and in the future.”
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Monument to Minin and Pozharsky The monument to Minin and Pozharsky by the sculptor I. P. Martos (1752 - 1835) is one of the most famous monuments in Moscow. It was created from 1804 to 1815. on public donations and was installed on February 20, 1918 (old style) on Red Square opposite the entrance to the Upper Trading Rows. The sculptor depicts the moment when Kuzma Minin, pointing his hand towards Moscow, hands Prince Pozharsky an ancient sword and calls on him to stand at the head of the Russian army. Leaning on the shield, the wounded governor rises from his bed, which symbolizes the awakening of national self-awareness in a difficult hour for the Fatherland. On the pedestal of the monument, decorated with two bas-reliefs, there is an inscription: “To Prince Pozharsky and citizen Minin, grateful Russia. 1818.” In 1930, it was decided to move the sculpture so that it would not interfere with parades. From this time to the present day, the first monument in Moscow is located at the Intercession Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral).
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Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God The celebration of the Most Holy Theotokos on November 4, in honor of Her icon, called "Kazan", was established on this day in gratitude for the deliverance of Moscow and all of Russia from the invasion of the Poles in 1612. A miraculous image of the Blessed Virgin Mary was sent from Kazan to the militia, which was headed by Prince Pozharsky. Knowing that the disaster was allowed due to sins, the entire people and militia imposed a three-day fast on themselves and prayerfully turned to the Lord and His Most Pure Mother for heavenly help. And the prayer was answered. Open the doors of mercy to us, Most Blessed Mother of us all, Mother of God. Let those who trust in You not perish, but let us be delivered from troubles by You, for You are the salvation of the Christian race!..
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Quiz questions 1. What was the name of the state that interfered in Russian affairs during the Time of Troubles? 2. Who led the first militia of 1611? 3. What historical event occurred on November 4 (October 22, old style) 1612? 4. Who owns the words of the appeal: “...if we want to help the Moscow State, we will not spare our bellies, and not just our bellies, and sell our yards, and mortgage our wives and children...”? 5. Name the city in which the militia of Minin and Pozharsky stopped for several months to be replenished with newly arrived forces before the march on Moscow. 6. Which of the contenders for the Moscow throne was called the “Tushino thief”? 7. In gratitude for the help and intercession, Prince Pozharsky, at his own expense, built a wooden cathedral in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in the 20s of the 17th century. What Temple are we talking about? 8. What event is associated with the end of the Time of Troubles in Rus'? 9. In what year was the Celebration in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary first established on November 4? 10. What is the name of the public holiday that we celebrate on November 4?
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“Over the centuries, the Russian people have repeatedly faced difficult trials. But every time we found the strength to gather ourselves, to unite in love for the Fatherland, in trust in God, in fidelity to the traditional spiritual values bequeathed by our ancestors. In order to overcome adversity, to defend our independence and statehood. “Over the centuries, the Russian people have repeatedly faced difficult trials. But every time we found the strength to gather ourselves, to unite in love for the Fatherland, in trust in God, in fidelity to the traditional spiritual values bequeathed by our ancestors. In order to overcome adversity, to defend our independence and statehood. This is the great spiritual feat of our people. This is his strength. This is his future!”
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… From the history
icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Kazan
History of the holiday
What is November 4th? November 4 is the day of unity of all Russian peoples November 4 is the day of saving Russia from the greatest danger that has ever threatened it November 4 is a revived holiday with its own history, and not just a replacement for November 7 November 4 is a day of real deeds , and not dubious marches
Preview:
Topic: National Unity Day
Target: Introduce students to the history of the establishment of the holiday, historical events and heroes associated with this holiday. Form an active civic position, cultivate interest in the history of your homeland.
Equipment: multimedia projector, computer
Guests: representatives of the administration of Pyatnitskoye, school administration
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment
2. Explanation of new material
Slide No. 1
National Unity Day- Russian national holiday. NotedNovember 4, starting in 2005, and was also celebrated (under a different name) until 1917. The last holiday (non-working) day of the year. Today you will get acquainted with the history of this holiday, the heroes and events that marked the beginning of the celebration of this holiday.
Slide No. 2/3 History…
Almost 4 centuries ago, in early November, the people's militia led by the merchant Minin and the governor Pozharsky drove the Polish invaders out of Moscow and marked the beginning of the end of the so-called Time of Troubles.
During the Time of Troubles, the False Dmitry was acting lawlessly; all the boyars could not share power among themselves, and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was already planning where and what it would build in Rus' when it took control of it.
This dragged on for a long time, and if the Polish gentry’s plans had come true, then you and I would not live either in the USSR or in Russia. Who knows what we would be now?..
The militia of Minin and Pozharsky is unique in that it is the only example in Russian history when the fate of the country and state was decided by the people themselves, without the participation of the authorities as such.
The people donated their last pennies to armament and went to liberate the land and restore order in the capital. They didn’t fight for the Tsar; he didn’t exist. The Ruriks are over, the Romanovs have not yet begun. Our great-great-great-great-great-grandfathers went to fight for the land many times, and they won.
Then all classes, all nationalities, villages, cities and metropolises united.
This day is rightly called the Day of National Unity. There was no other day like this in Russian history.
Slide No. 4
October 22 to old style(or Nov. 1 By new style) V militia fighters led byKuzma Minin And Dmitry Pozharsky stormed China town, the garrison of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth retreated toKremlin. Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod withKazan Icon of the Mother of Godand vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory. On October 26 (November 5, new style), the command of the interventionist garrison signed a capitulation, releasing the Moscow boyars and other nobles from the Kremlin at the same time; the next day the garrison surrendered. At the end of February 1613Zemsky Soborelected the new kingMikhail Romanov, the first Russian Tsar of the dynastyRomanovs.
Slide No. 5 Heroes...
Pozharsky Dmitry Mikhailovich, prince, originally from the Starodub princes, statesman and military leader of Russia.
(1578-1642)
Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky was born on November 1, 1578. Since 1598, Pozharsky has been a solicitor and member of the Zemsky Sobor, and since 1602, a steward. He took an active part in suppressing the uprising led by I.I. Bolotnikova. In 1608-1610 he supported Vasily Shuisky. Pozharsky was a member of the 1st people's militia against the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. In March 1611, during the battles in Moscow, he was wounded.
Since the end of 1611, Pozharsky was one of the leaders and inspirers of the Second People's Militia. After the expulsion of the Polish interventionists from Moscow, Dmitry Mikhailovich's candidacy was considered as a possible contender for the Russian throne.
In 1612-1613, together with Prince Dmitry Timofeevich Trubetskoy, Pozharsky led the provisional government. In 1615, he led the military operations of Russian forces against Polish invaders in the southwest of the country. In 1618 he took part in a campaign against Polish troops led by King Vladislav.
Pozharsky enjoyed great authority at the court, he led the Yamsky, Robbery, Prikazny affairs and the Judgment orders. He participated in negotiations with England (1617), Poland (1635), Crimea (1630-1640).
Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), one of the organizers of the 2nd people's militia.
(?-1616)
At the beginning of the 17th century, Kuzma Minin was a townsman in Nizhny Novgorod. On September 1, 1611, he was elected zemstvo elder and led the collection of funds for the people's militia and the movement to organize it. Prince D.M. took over military leadership. Pozharsky.
Before the convening of the Zemsky Sobor in 1613, Minin was a member of the “Council of All the Earth,” which performed the functions of the government. In 1613, Minin became a member of the Boyar Duma, receiving the rank of Duma nobleman.
Slide No. 6
This icon The Mother of God appeared in the city of Kazan - hence her name - to the nine-year-old girl Matrona. The phenomenon was repeated three times, which the girl told about to the Kazan bishop, who, on the instructions of Matrona, found the icon in the ground and made a religious procession with it.
The icon was brought from Kazan to MoscowPrince Dmitry Pozharsky, who with the militia entered the capital on October 22 (November 4, new style) 1613 and liberated the city from the Poles. After expelling his enemies, the prince fulfilled his vow: he built a church in Moscow in the name of the Kazan Mother of God, where the icon was installed.
Slide No. 8
IN year by decree of the kingAlexey MikhailovichThe day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, October 22 (old style), was declared a public holiday, which was celebrated for centuries before of the year.
According to Orthodox church calendarcelebrated on this day"Celebration Kazan Icon of the Mother of God(in memory of deliveranceMoscow And Russia from Poles per year)" , falling on October 22ndJulian calendar. Due to the increase over the past centuries, the difference betweenGregorian And Julianthis day has moved toNovember 4(and in XXII centurywill move to November 5th).
Slide No. 9/10
P monument to Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow
In 1818, in Moscow on Red Square, the grand opening of the city's first sculptural monument, built with funds raised by public subscription, took place. “To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky - grateful Russia in the summer of 1818,” read the inscription on the pedestal of the monument. Created in 1804-1818 by the Russian sculptor Ivan Petrovich Martos, the monument depicts the leaders of the national resistance of 1611-1613 - Kuzma Minich Minin and Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky. The pedestal of the monument was decorated with bas-reliefs “Nizhny Novgorod Citizens” and “Exile of the Poles”. The work was destined to become a masterpiece of Russian monumental art.
Slide No. 12/13
The history of the establishment of the holiday in our days
The immediate reason for the introduction of the new holiday was the planned cancellation of the celebrationNovember 7, which in people's minds is associated with the anniversaryOctober Revolution 1917.
Idea to make a holidayNovember 4 How National Unity Day, was expressed Interreligious Council of Russia in September of the year.
It was supported by the DumaCommittee on Labor and Social Policy, and thus acquired the status of a Duma initiative.
September 29Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'Alexypublicly supported the initiativeDumaset the celebration on November 4th. “This day reminds us how in 1612 Russians of different faiths and nationalities overcame division, overcame a formidable enemy and led the country to a stable civil peace,” said Patriarch Alexy.
The 4th of Octoberthe same initiative was publicly supported by the first deputy leader of the faction"United Russia"Valery Bogomolov. In an interview
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