The first, most commonly used meaning of the term " social institution» is associated with the characteristics of any kind of streamlining, formalization and standardization of social ties and relations. And the process of streamlining, formalization and standardization is called institutionalization.
The process of institutionalization includes a number of points.
§ One of necessary conditions the emergence of social institutions serves the corresponding social need. Institutions are designed to organize the joint activities of people in order to meet certain social needs. Thus, the institution of the family satisfies the need for the reproduction of the human race and the upbringing of children, implements relations between the sexes, generations, etc. The Institute higher education provides training work force, enables a person to develop his abilities in order to realize them in subsequent activities and ensure his existence, etc. The emergence of certain social needs, as well as the conditions for their satisfaction, are the first necessary moments of institutionalization.
§ A social institution is formed on the basis of social ties, interactions and relationships of specific individuals, individuals, social groups and other communities. But it, like other social systems, cannot be reduced to the sum of these individuals and their interactions. Social institutions are supra-individual in nature, have their own systemic quality. Consequently, a social institution is an independent public entity that has its own logic of development. From this point of view, social institutions can be considered as organized social systems characterized by the stability of the structure, the integration of their elements and a certain variability of their functions.
First of all, we are talking about a system of values, norms, ideals, as well as patterns of activity and behavior of people and other elements of the sociocultural process. This system guarantees similar behavior of people, coordinates and directs their certain aspirations, establishes ways to satisfy their needs, resolves conflicts that arise in the process of everyday life, provides a state of balance and stability within a particular social community and society as a whole.
In itself, the presence of these socio-cultural elements does not yet ensure the functioning of a social institution. In order for it to work, it is necessary that they become the property inner peace personalities, were internalized by them in the process of socialization, embodied in the form social roles and statuses. The internalization by individuals of all sociocultural elements, the formation on their basis of a system of personality needs, value orientations and expectations is the second essential element institutionalization.
§ The third most important element of institutionalization is the organizational design of a social institution. Externally, a social institution is a collection of individuals, institutions, equipped with certain material resources and performing a certain social function. Thus, an institution of higher education consists of a certain set of persons: teachers, attendants, officials who operate within the framework of such institutions as universities, the ministry or the State Committee for Higher Education, etc., who for their activities have certain material values(buildings, finances, etc.).
Thus, each social institution is characterized by the presence of a goal of its activity, specific functions that ensure the achievement of such a goal, a set of social positions and roles typical for this institution. Based on the foregoing, one can give the following definition social institution. Social institutions are organized associations of people performing certain socially significant functions, ensuring the joint achievement of goals based on the social roles performed by members, set by social values, norms and patterns of behavior.
Social institutions (from lat. institutum - establishment, institution) - these are historically established stable forms of organization joint activities of people.
The term "social institution" is used in a wide variety of meanings. They talk about the institution of the family, the institution of education, health care, the institution of the state, etc. The first, most often used meaning of the term "social institution" is associated with the characteristic of any kind of ordering, formalization and standardization of social relations and relations. And the process of streamlining, formalization and standardization is called institutionalization.
The process of institutionalization includes a number of points. One of the necessary conditions for the emergence of social institutions is the corresponding social need. Institutions are designed to organize the joint activities of people in order to meet certain social needs. Thus, the institution of the family satisfies the need for the reproduction of the human race and the upbringing of children, implements relations between the sexes, generations, etc.
The institution of higher education provides training for the workforce, enables a person to develop his abilities in order to realize them in subsequent activities and ensure his existence, etc. The emergence of certain social needs, as well as the conditions for their satisfaction, are the first necessary moments of institutionalization. A social institution is formed on the basis of social ties, interactions and relationships of specific individuals, individuals, social groups and other communities. But it, like other social systems, must not be reduced to the sum of these individuals and their interactions. Social institutions are supra-individual in nature, have their own systemic quality.
Consequently, a social institution is an independent public entity that has its own logic of development. From this point of view, social institutions can be considered as organized social systems characterized by the stability of the structure, the integration of their elements and a certain variability of their functions.
First of all, it is a system of values, norms, ideals, as well as patterns of activity and behavior of people and other elements of the sociocultural process. This system guarantees similar behavior of people, coordinates and directs their certain aspirations, establishes ways to satisfy their needs, resolves conflicts that arise in the process of everyday life, provides a state of balance and stability within any social community and society as a whole.
The concept of a social institution, its elements, features. The process of institutionalization - the concept and types. Classification and features of the category "The concept of a social institution, its elements, signs. The process of institutionalization" 2015, 2017-2018.
Social institutions (from the Latin institutum - establishment, institution) are historically established stable forms of organizing the joint activities of people. The term "social institution" is used in a wide variety of meanings. They talk about the institution of the family, the institution of education, health care, the institution of the state, etc. The first, most often used meaning of the term "social institution" is associated with the characteristics of any kind of ordering, formalization and standardization of social relations and relations. And the process of streamlining, formalization and standardization is called institutionalization.
The process of institutionalization includes a number of points: 1) One of the necessary conditions for the emergence of social institutions is the corresponding social need. Institutions are designed to organize the joint activities of people in order to meet certain social needs. Thus, the institution of the family satisfies the need for the reproduction of the human race and the upbringing of children, implements relations between the sexes, generations, etc. The institution of higher education provides training for the workforce, enables a person to develop his abilities in order to realize them in subsequent activities and ensure his own existence, etc. The emergence of certain social needs, as well as the conditions for their satisfaction, are the first necessary moments of institutionalization. 2) A social institution is formed on the basis of social ties, interactions and relationships of specific individuals, individuals, social groups and other communities. But it, like other social systems, cannot be reduced to the sum of these individuals and their interactions. Social institutions are supra-individual in nature, have their own systemic quality. Consequently, a social institution is an independent public entity that has its own logic of development. From this point of view, social institutions can be considered as organized social systems characterized by the stability of the structure, the integration of their elements and a certain variability of their functions.
First of all, it is a system of values, norms, ideals, as well as patterns of activity and behavior of people and other elements of the sociocultural process. This system guarantees similar behavior of people, coordinates and directs certain aspirations into the mainstream, establishes ways to satisfy their needs, resolves conflicts,
arising in the process of everyday life, provides a state of balance and stability within a particular social community and society as a whole. In itself, the presence of these socio-cultural elements does not yet ensure the functioning of a social institution. In order for it to work, it is necessary that they become the property of the inner world of the individual, be internalized by them in the process of socialization, embodied in the form of social roles and statuses. The internalization by individuals of all sociocultural elements, the formation on their basis of a system of personality needs, value orientations and expectations is the second most important element of institutionalization. 3) The third most important element of institutionalization is the organizational design of a social institution. Outwardly, a social institution is a collection of persons, institutions, equipped with certain material resources and performing a certain social function. Thus, an institution of higher education consists of a certain set of persons: teachers, attendants, officials who operate within the framework of institutions such as universities, the ministry or the State Committee for Higher Education, etc., who for their activities have certain material assets (buildings , finance, etc.).
So, each social institution is characterized by the presence of the goal of its activity, specific functions that ensure the achievement of such a goal, a set of social positions and roles typical for this institution. Based on the foregoing, we can give the following definition of a social institution. Social institutions are organized associations of people performing certain socially significant functions, ensuring the joint achievement of goals based on the social roles performed by members, set by social values, norms and patterns of behavior.
27. Social institutions as elements of the social structure of society.
The concept of a social institution is one of the main ones in sociology. There are even attempts to define sociology as the science of social institutions. Thanks to the interpretation of this concept in sociology, a special institutional approach has been developed.
The Concise Dictionary of Sociology states that the term "institution" is of Latin origin and in literal translation in relation to the ancient era means establishment, institution. Today, a social institution means historically established, stable forms of organizing joint activities of people and is used in a wide variety of meanings. The social institution is the main component of the social structure, integrating and coordinating many individual actions of people, streamlining social relations in the most important areas public life.
A social institution is an organized system of connections and social norms that combines significant social values and procedures that satisfy the basic needs of society.
A social institution is a role-playing system, which also includes norms and statuses, a set of customs, traditions and rules of conduct; formal and informal organization; a set of norms and institutions that regulate a certain area of social relations; separate set of social activities.
Thus, the totality of relationships and systems of behavior that is useful to society finds the most complete expression in social institutions. It is known that essential condition existence of mankind is the constant reproduction of material goods. It is social institutions that help to implement it purposefully and effectively. Here is the socialization of the younger generation, and the modernization of society, and its protection from external and internal enemies. Therefore, the importance of social institutions can hardly be overestimated. One thing, and perhaps the most important thing, can be unambiguously said - without them, humanity simply cannot exist in a civilized way. Moreover, the presence of social institutions, the degree of their development and efficiency of functioning is an indicator of the level of civilization of the era. Therefore, the concept of "social institution" in sociology occupies one of the central and extremely significant places.
Social science test Society as a complex dynamic system for 10th grade students. The test consists of 3 parts and is designed to test knowledge on the topic Society. Part 1 - 15 questions, part 2 - 4 questions, part 3 - 1 question (essay).
Part 1 - tasks with a choice of answers
Part 2 - short answer tasks
Part 3 - task with a detailed answer (an essay on one of the proposed topics)
1. Ability social system to include new parts, new social formations, phenomena or processes into a single whole - this is the ability to
1) socialization
2) integration
3) operation
4) diversification
2. The process of adapting the body to environment called
1) adaptation
2) cooperation
3) integration
4) determinism
3. Elements of social and cultural heritage that are transmitted from generation to generation and preserved in certain societies, classes and social groups for a long time are called
1) civilization
2) formation
3) tradition
4) morality
4. The process of streamlining, formalization and standardization is called
1) institutionalization
2) cooperation
3) consolidation
4) denomination
5. The main element of society is
1) state
2) social group
3) political system
4) man
6. Progressive development from a lower state to a higher one
1) revolution
2) regression
3) paradigm
4) progress
7. The process of gradual change, development is called
1) evolution
2) revolution
3) regression
4) adaptation
8. An irreversible process aimed at changing material and spiritual objects in order to improve them is called
1) development
2) socialization
3) adaptation
4) regression
9. Radical, fundamental, deep, qualitative change, a leap in the development of society, an open break with the previous state
1) evolution
2) revolution
3) progress
4) regression
10. The socialist revolution, in which there was a transition from capitalism to socialism, was called by Soviet science the events
1) January 1905
2) February 191 7
3) October 1917
4) September 1939
11. The events of 1989-1991 in Eastern Europe, as a result of which the political regimes of the Soviet type were liquidated, were called
1) velvet revolutions
2) color revolutions
3) national liberation revolutions
4) socialist revolutions
12. Restoration of the pre-existing political system in scientific literature called
1) restoration
2) emancipation
3) revolution
4) regression
13. An action that has been ingrained in a society for a long time
1) custom
2) right
3) institute
4) habit
14. A small group of people connected by ties of marriage or blood relationship, common life, interests, mutual assistance and responsibility is called
1) company
2) team
3) family
4) marriage
15. A well-established order of social life in the main spheres of life is called
1) socialization
2) adaptation
3) institutional interaction
4) social consensus
1.
Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, characterize the concept social norms. Permission, morality, society, prohibition, traditions, law.
Find and indicate a term that refers to another concept.
2. Insert the missing concept: "Historically established forms of organization of joint activities, regulated by norms, traditions, customs and aimed at meeting the fundamental needs of society, are called __________."
3. Find in the list below the concepts that characterize the main types of human activity. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) game
2) education
3) labor
4) communication
5) teaching
6) thinking
4. Find in the list below the concepts related to the political institutions of society. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) family
2) state
3) parties
4) banks
5) trade unions
6) church
Part 3 (essay topics)
1. “Progress is not an accident, but a necessity” (G. Spencer).
2. “A person can do without much, but not without a person” (L. Berne).
3. “Society is a set of stones that would collapse if one did not support the other” (Seneca).
Answers to the social science test Society as a complex dynamic system
Part 1
1-2, 2-1, 3-3, 4-1, 5-4, 6-4, 7-1, 8-1, 9-2, 10-3, 11-1, 12-1, 13-1, 14-3, 15-3.
Part 2
1-society
2-social institutions
3-1345
4-235
Topic 1. Society
Test 1. What is a society
Part 1
state
society
public
civilizational
Separated from nature, but closely connected with it, a part of the world, which includes ways of interacting people and forms of their unification, is called
civilization
tribe
Relationships between people that are established in the process of their joint practical and spiritual activities are called
economic
political
Which of the following positions not related to public relations?
interaction between two people
relationship between countries
relationship between citizens Russian Federation and district court
Christmas tree decoration
Which of the following statements refers to nature and not to society?
the center of this concept is a person
exists and develops according to its own, independent of the will of man, laws
based on a specific production method
includes ways people interact
Which of the namednot refers to the concept of "social institution"
Part 2
The totality of material and spiritual values, as well as the ways of their creation, application and transfer, created by mankind in the process of social development, is called .
Karl Marx wrote: "The concept of society obviously makes sense only if it is in one way or another opposed to the simple sum of people." What mandatory constituent part concepts of society thereby he emphasizes?
Answer: .
A set of interconnected elements, representing a certain holistic formation, is called .
Mark the features related to the concept of "social group". Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
stable group of people
performs specific social functions
is built on the basis of certain ideal norms and rules of behavior
does not have certain standards of behavior
Answer: .
Note the signs that are characteristic of all types of social norms. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
are general rules of conduct
has some degree of obligation.
their execution is ensured and protected by the state
aimed at streamlining social relations
Answer: .
Part 1
socialization
integration
adaptation
cooperation
civilization
formation
institutionalization
cooperation
The ability of a social system to include new parts, new social formations, phenomena and processes into a single whole is the ability to
exploitation
diversification
The process of adapting an organism to its environment is called
integration
determinism
Elements of social and cultural heritage that are transmitted from generation to generation and preserved in certain societies, classes and social groups for a long time are called
tradition
The process of streamlining, formalization and standardization is called
consolidation
denomination
The main element of society is
state
social group
politic system
Part 2
Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of one, characterize the concept of "social norms".
Permission, morality, society, prohibition, traditions, law.
Find and indicate a term that refers to another concept.
Answer: .
Insert the missing concept: “Historically established forms of organization of joint activities, regulated by norms, traditions, customs and aimed at meeting the fundamental needs of society, are called .
Find in the list below the concepts that characterize the main types of human activity. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
the game
upbringing
thinking
Answer: .
Find in the list below the concepts related to the political institutions of society. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
a family
state
trade unions
Answer: .
Test 9. Science. Education
Part 1
practice
Which of the following concepts was given such a definition: “Observation, classification, description, experimental research and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena”?
art
Which of the definitions not belongs to the definition of science
area of human activity that develops objective knowledge about the world
observation, classification, description, experimental research and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena
system of views, concepts and ideas about the world around
a form of social consciousness representing a historically established system of ordered knowledge, the truth of which is checked and constantly refined in the course of social practice.
The level of knowledge that deals primarily with the facts that form the basis of any science, as well as with the laws that are established as a result of generalizations and systematization of the results of observations, is called
theoretical knowledge
empirical knowledge
intellectual knowledge
experimental knowledge
in the X century.
in the 15th century
Experimental natural science arose
in the 17th century
in the 19th century
Empirical knowledge cannot be obtained through
observations
experiment
mathematical modeling
Part 2
Fill in the missing words: "Observations of a pure, devoid component simply does not exist. All observations, especially experimental ones, are made in the light of one or another » ( K. Popper)
Fill in the missing word: "Under I mean the scientific achievements recognized by all, which throughout the whole time give the scientific community a model of setting and their solutions" ( T. Kuhn).
Establish a correspondence between scientific paradigms and their authors: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
BUT) geocentric model of the world
1) A. Einstein
B) Mechanics
2) C. Linnaeus
AT) plant classification
3) C. Darwin
G) evolutionary theory
4) I. Newton
D) theory of relativity
5) Claudia Ptolemy
Insert the phrase: “The development of science is a consistent transition from one paradigm to another through "(T. Kuhn).
What word is missing? “The strength of science is in its generalizations, in the fact that behind the random, chaotic, it finds and explores objective , without the knowledge of which a conscious, purposeful practical activity is impossible.
Test 10. Morality. Religion
Part 1
Are the following statements about morality correct?
A. Morality, like law, is a social regulator.
B. Violation of moral standards is subject to state sanctions.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both statements are wrong
regulatory
law enforcement
Morality not performs a social function
value orientation
socializing
What type of worldview are the sources of the Bible, Talmud and Koran?
scientific outlook
religious outlook
ordinary world view
official doctrine
persuasion
conscience
The perceived need of the individual to act in accordance with his value orientations called
Choose the correct statement.
beliefs are inherent in a person with any type of worldview
beliefs are inherent only to a person with a scientific type of worldview
beliefs are inherent only to a person with an ordinary type of worldview
beliefs are inherent in a person only with a religious type of worldview
Part 2
Insert the missing word: " - practical philosophy, applied science. One studies not in order to know what virtue (morality) is, but in order to become virtuous (moral).”
Insert the missing word: “The spiritual and practical situation of self-determination of the individual in relation to any principles, decisions and actions is called moral ».
Establish a correspondence between concepts and their definitions: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
CONCEPTS
DEFINITIONS
BUT) axiology
1) the view that moral criteria are relative and depend on the circumstances, time, or people who apply them
B) eudemonism
2) doctrine of values
AT) nihilism
3) one of the directions in ethics that arose in ancient philosophy and is represented by the names of Democritus, Socrates and Aristotle. The main motive in human behavior is the pursuit of happiness.
G) relativism
4) negation of all positive ideals and of any command of morality in general
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
The ethical theory of Epicurus, where good is defined as that which brings people pleasure or deliverance from suffering, and evil as that which leads to suffering, is called .
Fill in the missing word: “Friedrich Nietzsche believed that - energetic, purposeful, aristocratic, but good and respectable only because of vital weakness.
Topic 1. Society
Test 1. What is a society
Part 1
№ tasks
Answer
Part 2
№ tasks
Answer
culture< или>culture
Public relations
system< или>system
Test 2. Society as a complex dynamic system
Part 1
№ tasks
Answer
Part 2
№ tasks
Answer
social institutions
Test 9. Science. Education
Part 1
№ tasks
Answer
Part 2
№ tasks
Answer
Theoretical/ Theory
Paradigms
scientific revolution
Test 10. Morality. Religion
Part 1
№ tasks
Answer
Part 2
№ tasks
Answer
Ethics / Ethics
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