Introduction.
Types of hair salons.
Men's haircut styles
Face and man's hairstyle.
"HALF BOX"
"beaver" and "bob"
Hair Styling.
Massage - healthy hair.
Cutting a man's hair
Hairdresser's workplace.
Utility room.
Materials.
Hygiene and sanitation.
Requirements for tools.
Maintenance requirements.
Medical examinations and their significance.
Introduction.
At all times, hair was considered an adornment of the head. Men have a beard and mustache. Nowadays, an increasing number of people, in order to provide themselves and their loved ones with a means of subsistence, are forced to master new professions, and those that are in constant consumer demand. One of the professions that humanity cannot imagine itself without for many centuries is the craft of a hairdresser. Of course, hairdressing art is achieved through special training, hard work and many years of experience, not to mention innate talent, which not everyone has. But everyone can - with desire and effort - learn the basics of hairdressing so that at home they can cut the hair of a child, husband, girlfriend, and then, if the business goes well, why not choose their second, or even the main one? profession.
This will not only save some money from the family budget (and hairdressing services, as you know, are not very cheap these days), but also receive additional income if the business is successful.
Types of hair salons.
Hairdressing salons come in regular and advanced types. High-end hairdressing salons are more comfortable, spacious, and better equipped. Visitors are served by masters of at least the second category and the list prices are 25% higher than in ordinary hairdressing salons.
The main types of work of a men's hairdresser.
The main types of work when serving visitors to the men's salon in the hairdressing salon are: haircut, shaving, hair coloring, long-term hair curling, hair washing.
Modeling men's hairstyles is subject to the same rules as modeling women's hairstyles.
Men's fashion for hairstyles is quite stable, and over the years their shape changes very little, and most men are conservative in choosing a hairstyle and sometimes prefer one model for years, and sometimes even decades.
However, despite the small number of hairstyle models, men do not seem so monotonous, because each hairstyle is not perceived on its own, but only in conjunction with the person’s face, figure, his clothing, and demeanor. Therefore, the same hairstyle model gives a sporty look to one man, and a look to another.
a neat business person, etc. Every fashion brings new trends, sometimes very radical, and young people always pick them up with pleasure, but people of the older generation, more moderate and conservative, have difficulty accepting new ideas (this is also typical for women, but in to a lesser extent). Therefore, you should always take into account the taste and wishes of the client, but, using your professionalism, you must try to tactfully introduce elements of today’s fashion into your favorite model. But don’t forget the main thing: a man is always interesting as a person, and not as a wearer of beautiful clothes or a haircut.
The formation of fashion for men's hairstyles is influenced by men's fashion in general. The length and shape of the hairstyle, the nature of the combing (moving, stationary), the direction of the combing, and the appearance of some new details depend on it. All this leads, in turn, to the emergence of new technological techniques and methods when working with hair.
Based on hair length, four main groups of men's hairstyles can be distinguished:
· very short - these are haircuts done with a hair clipper, and haircuts with a hair length of several millimeters (they are done with a comb or a clipper with attachments);
· short - these are sports-type haircuts with very short hair in the lower occipital area and with some volume at the top. They are recommended for the correct head shape;
· semi-long - the length of the hair of these haircuts makes it possible to create a hairstyle that suits both the appearance and shape of the young man’s head;
· long - these haircuts can be called individual, as they require a special approach.
Regardless of fashion, when modeling a man's hairstyle, certain factors must be taken into account.
A hairstyle should be, above all, practical. Since men, unlike women, rarely style their hair, the beauty of the hairstyle must be provided for by the haircut itself (without relying on styling). In a correctly performed haircut, the hair can be combed in any direction, and it is not afraid of the wind, since the plasticity of its surface is not disturbed (it remains smooth and is not interrupted). It depends on the perfectly executed edging.
Since decorative elements are rarely used in men's hairstyles, a very important role is given to the shape of the haircut itself and the direction of combing. For example, long hair parted in the middle creates the image of a young man who does not pay much attention to his appearance. But if this same young man is given a short haircut with a parting in the middle, then he will give a completely different impression - a neat boy. In the first case, the appearance of the parting was caused only by necessity (so that the hair did not cover the eyes), and in the second case, the parting is already an element of decor, since it was created and placed in this place specifically.
In each hairstyle, it is necessary to correctly determine the balancing influence of its individual parts. For example, with long hair, creating volume on the parietal area is unacceptable, but if you need volume in the hair above the forehead, then you should reduce the length of the hair on the back of the head.
The hairstyle should hide possible imperfections of the face and the shape of the head, therefore, when starting modeling, you need to comb all the hair back from the face and look at the oval of the face, the shape of the head (it can be round, oval, long, square) and bald spots, hair growth, direction of the curls , the presence of irregularities and scars on the surface of the head, pay attention to the size and shape of the ears.
With a round and square face shape, the hair on the sides should be cut short, and with an elongated face shape, the hair on the side zones should be left longer, thereby creating volume.
If the hair on the crown is very thin and sparse, then it is necessary to start cutting from the parietal zone. If the hair is thick and coarse, then the main attention is paid to correcting the face with a hairstyle.
Large bald patches in the corners of the forehead must be properly camouflaged. Many people make the mistake of covering their forehead with long bangs. This is not true, because long hair is very mobile and does not hide the defect, but, on the contrary, draws attention to it.
The edging line must be executed flawlessly, and most often a natural contour line is used.
line. Only individual hairs that stand out against the light background of the skin are cut.
The client's head should be in a natural position during the haircut. By bending your head too far forward, you can get a very high nape line.
The styling should take into account the shape of the head and face, but most importantly, it should be natural, only then will it make a favorable impression.
Men's haircut styles
The main trends in modern fashion for men's haircuts: casual (free) hairstyles and classic ones. Everyday hairstyle is a model without clear edging, shading and emphasized careless styling lines. The main difference between a classic hairstyle and an everyday one is the correct, clear edging lines and beautiful shading of the hair areas in the temples and neck.
Face and man's hairstyle.
Disproportional skull shape. The right hairline can: establish balance between the face and skull. To do this, it is enough to visually increase the hairline, evenly distributing it around the head. What is important is the design of the forehead line.
Round face. The hairline should be visually maximized at the crown of the head and gradually faded away at the sides.
Long face. Visually reduce the height of your hairline and cover your neck.
Straight forehead. In the forehead area, reduce the height of the hairline. Next, the hairline goes smoothly to the crown.
Sloping forehead. It is hidden by the hairstyle hanging forward.
Many men (25%) have an elongated skull. Excessive length of the skull is concealed by a visual increase in hair on the sides of the head and a decrease in it on the crown.
"HALF BOX"
When performing the half-box style, the following cutting operations can be applied: cutting hair to nothing, cutting hair “on the fingers”, cutting hair with a machine and edging. We do not recommend making this model for men with a long, thin face shape.
What you need to know:
The half-box haircut should have a relatively short hair length (5-8 cm) in dark areas and less than 5 cm in the rest.
The hair from the edging line on the neck and temples is cut with a manual or electric clipper to a line running from the upper edge of the left ear under the occipital protuberance to the upper edge of the right ear.
Hair reduction is carried out in an area 2 - 3 cm wide up from the above line.
The height at which hair clippers are cut to the middle of the occipital protrusion may vary depending on the length of the hair or the shape of the occipital protrusion (for example, the protrusion is too prominent in its shape).
Shading techniques and hair cutting must be done in such a way as to hide all imperfections and give the head the correct oval shape.
So, the haircut process is as follows:
2. Remove hair with a hair clipper along the entire circumference of the head.
3. Starting from the left side, remove strip by strip with a machine.
4. Taking into account the level of the previously trimmed back of the head, remove hair from the temples with a clipper.
5. Perform edging behind the ears, on the temples and on the neck.
6. Process the line that was created after cutting with a machine: first from the middle of the occipital protrusion to the crown, then in stripes to the left temple, then continue to process the right side.
7. File or cut the parietal part using the finger-cutting technique.
"BOXING"
The “boxing” haircut differs from the “half-boxing” in that it has shorter hair.
The area of hair reduction in this haircut style is higher than in the “half-box”, and usually separates the parietal section of the hair from the temporal and occipital areas. To perform this haircut, the same operations and tools are used as for “half-boxing”.
What you need to know:
The edging runs along the most convex places.
The edging is made along the entire circumference of the head from the middle of the occipital protrusion to the left.
Above the auricle, the edging should be no higher than 1 cm from the marginal hairline.
The left and right sides of the head are treated equally.
The edging changes depending on the shape of the head, and on certain deviations from the norm.
Prominent temporal depressions are smoothed out with a lower edging line and, conversely, large temporal bulges are hidden if the edging is done under the occipital convexity.
For brunettes, the width of the transition should be at least 5 cm, for brown-haired people - 3-4 cm, for blondes with thick hair - 2-3 cm.
The haircut procedure itself is as follows.
1. Pre-wash your hair and dry it slightly.
2. Make a border around the entire circumference of the head.
3. After edging, shave or trim the hair: if using a clipper, then up to the edging line.
4. Remove hair to nothing: for shaved hair, reduce the edge to nothing by using an oblique direction of the razor in relation to the shading line.
5. Treat the parietal part of the hair with thinning or the “finger cut” technique.
"HEDGEHOG"
Young people with coarse, straight hair can afford this haircut. Externally, a crew cut gives the hair a spherical shape. A characteristic feature is a smooth transition from very short hair to long bangs.
- Part your hair from temple to temple. Create bangs at the level of the bridge of the nose or eyebrows.
- Using the “haircut with a comb” technique, treat the parietal area (hair length 2-3 cm), not forgetting to slightly pull the vertical strands when cutting.
- Maintaining the shape of the head, cut off the excess hair at the temples from the vertical strands, moving towards the back of the head.
4. Process the hair at the bottom of the back of the head, lifting the strands and reducing the length of the hair towards the edge growth line.
5. Select a strand in the middle of the parietal zone, lift it vertically, cut it so that a smooth transition from short hair to long bangs is formed.
6. Treat subsequent strands of the frontal zone with radial partings using the same technique.
7. Perform edging, and then thinning of the strands and
The beaver and bob haircut styles are very similar; they are all usually short and differ only in the shape of individual sections of the hairstyle.
With a beaver haircut, the parietal part of the hairstyle has the shape of a flat area, the remaining sections of the hairstyle have the same shape as in a crew cut.
The bob haircut differs from the previous two in that it has the shape of a flat platform not only on the parietal part of the hairstyle, but also on the temporal areas. The execution of these haircut styles has its own specifics, especially the design of a flat area on the parietal section of the hair.
1. Pre-treatment of the parietal area:
· lift the strands perpendicular to the skin and, pulling tightly, cut them, leaving a length of at least 5 cm;
· too long (over 5-6 cm) - the hair of the parietal area must first be shortened using the technique of removing hair “on the fingers” (it is impossible to place long hair vertically);
· after shortening the hair, moisten it with water and then treat it with a fixative, making sure that the moisture and cream are evenly distributed throughout the hair;
· Place the hair treated with the fixer in a vertical position, holding the comb in your left hand and the brush in your right;
· starting from the forehead to the crown, comb the hair with a comb and brush: the comb is inserted into the hair from the beginning of its growth on the forehead and,
having moved it towards the crown by 5-6 cm, the brush is moved in the same direction as the comb;
· moving the brush to the back of the head, remove the comb from the hair and return to its original position, retreating 2-3 cm from the beginning of hair growth on the forehead;
· thus pre-process all
parietal area.
2. The parietal part of the hair should be shaped like flat ground:
· Take a comb in your left hand, and scissors in your right hand;
· place the comb and scissors in a horizontal position;
· starting from the edge of hair growth on the forehead, insert a comb into the hair and begin to slowly move it towards the back of the head, while holding the scissors parallel to the comb;
· Hair that is in a vertical position should be cut off as the comb advances. At the same time, move the scissors to the back of the head simultaneously with the comb, not lagging behind it and not ahead of it;
- Process the hair in this way until the area is completely leveled. To obtain an oval shape, edge the edges of the area so that as a result they are slightly rounded.
The secret to a beautiful razor haircut.
The razor blade must be specially prepared so that it scrapes hair rather than cutting it. Before cutting, hair must be moistened with water. This makes the razor glide easily, the hair is not damaged, and the haircut is smooth, without sharp transitions. At the end of the haircut, the obliquely cut ends of the hair are placed one on top of the other like fish scales, and the hairstyle easily takes the desired shape. Then the head is washed with shampoo and incorrectly lying strands of hair are corrected with scissors.
Hair Styling.
Having finished cutting, proceed to the second stage - styling the hair. This operation is performed using a brush and a hand dryer. By drying your hair with a hand dryer, the roots are straightened and the hair is brushed in the desired directions. The hairstyle lasts for several days.
Cutting with a razor and styling with a brush and hand dryer makes the hair pliable and can be styled into any fashionable hairstyle. Very few hairdressers are fluent in this art. They can rightfully be called “make-up artists”. Indeed, correctly and tastefully done cutting with a razor and styling hair with a brush and dryer can change the expression of the face, concealing its imperfections, for example, a nose that is too long or snub,
they make the forehead higher or give it a whiter, regular shape, soften too harsh facial features, make the face nobler and younger. A fashionable, tasteful hairstyle gives you self-confidence and brightens your life.
Procedures that help improve the condition and appearance of hair.
Depending on the condition of your hair and the desired hairstyle, the hairdresser can offer you an oil bath, massage of the scalp, washing your hair with shampoos containing substances that treat dandruff, seborrhea and dry scalp, dyeing your hair with dyes (if gray hair appears) or tinting shampoo (performed before rinsing your hair), hair bleaching, light permanent perm, mainly the front part of the scalp. Curled strands will help hide the hair that does not fit into the hairstyle growing on the top of the head (this hair is cut short, and the crown is covered with curled strands of hair).
To make hair shiny, brilliantine is applied to it, which does not contain fat-like substances.
The hairstyle is fixed with light hairspray.
Massage - healthy hair.
Massage plays an important role in caring for both oily and dry scalp skin. Under the influence of massage, the blood supply to the blood vessels of the hair papillae, the function of the skin glands, metabolism, and the general condition of the skin and hair are improved. Massage is the best way to keep hair healthy and beautiful. It must be performed every evening for ten minutes, according to the doctor's instructions.
Even today, most people believe that taking care of their appearance and making it aesthetic is only appropriate for women and unworthy of men. But, nevertheless, the desire to properly take care of one’s appearance is gradually entering the consciousness and life of men.
Many cosmetic salons and beauty institutes open sections for men. Their services are used by men of all ages, young and over forty years old. Forty-year-olds strive to delay age-related skin changes, the appearance of wrinkles, and the onset of old age. In beauty parlors, men are offered mainly the following services: comprehensive facial skin care, including massage, under the influence of which the facial muscles are strengthened, blood supply to the skin is improved, puffiness and swelling are eliminated, fat deposits are reduced, blackhead removal, facial cleansing, various cosmetic souls, etc.
Cutting a man's hair
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Before you start cutting, be sure to moisten your hair with water and comb it all back. |
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Third row - we take the hair between the index and middle fingers, grabbing part of the cut and uncut hair, and cut it from the inside of the palm at an angle of 30°. Between the first and second protrusion of the temporal cavity, we separate a strand of hair and comb it towards the face (photo 2). We cut the hair at an angle. |
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From the temple to the back of the head, we cut the hair perpendicular to the head at an angle of 30°, while taking strands of cut and uncut hair. The hair is cut from the outside of the palm, at the level of the cut hair. So we cut the hair to the crown of the head (photo 3). |
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Now we begin to cut the hair on the parietal part of the head. Separate the first strand above the forehead and determine the length. We cut from the outside of the palm, while pulling the hair a little forward (photo 4). |
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When we cut the back of the head, we comb the hair according to its height and make a border on the neck (photo 5), trim the temples, bangs, part it on the right or left, or comb it back - depending on how you wear it. Using a straight or safety razor, we shave the vellus hair on the neck, temples, above and behind the ears along the edge line. When cutting, wet dry hair. After cutting, rinse your head and style your hair with a hairdryer or simply comb it and let it dry. |
Hairdresser's workplace.
The workplace must be equipped with everything necessary to perform the work. The equipment consists of a dressing table with bedside tables and drawers, a mirror, and an armchair.
It is very important that the hairdressing chair is stable and comfortable for the client and the hairdresser.
A hairdressing chair can have one lever with which the hairdresser turns the seat, or three different levers. A chair with three levers is more convenient, since the master raises the seat up to the required height with the large lever, lowers the seat with the middle one, and turns the seat in any direction with the smaller lever.
The headrest of the chair supports the client's head in a position convenient for the specialist. For example, a "pillow" headrest is attached to a metal rod with a spring. The master presses the spring with one hand, and with the other lowers or raises the “cushion,” installing it in the position required for work.
The most hygienic are nickel-plated metal chairs with oilcloth seats and backrests.
The hairdressing chair should be positioned so that the light falls on the client and not on the mirror.
The client, sitting in a chair, places his feet on a footrest (wooden or metal) installed between the bedside tables (or under the washbasin). The footrest allows the client to take the most comfortable position.
A wall mirror is installed in front of each mirror.
Under the mirror (on bedside tables or brackets) a mirror holder is placed horizontally - a marble or glass-covered wooden board on which toiletries and the tools and equipment necessary for work are placed.
Often between the bedside tables there is a washbasin (faience sink) with a drain into the sewer pipe. If cold and hot water is supplied to such a sink, then install a mixer.
If there is no mirror holder, then toiletries are placed on bedside tables intended exclusively for storing tools and linen. Tools (scissors, razors, clippers, combs) are stored in the upper drawer of the right bedside table; clean, disinfected linen (napkins, negligees, etc.) are stored in the lower two compartments. It is prohibited to store foreign objects in bedside tables.
Toiletries, tools and materials on the mirror or bedside tables should always be in certain places so that during work the master does not waste time looking for the right thing.
It is recommended to place tools and materials on the mirror holder in the following order (from right to left): an alcohol burner, a jar of cotton wool, a jar with a disinfectant composition for tools, a soap dish, a powder compact, a spray bottle, bottles of eau de toilette (quinine and lilac water, Vegetal), a bottle of a disinfectant (hemostatic) composition used for accidental cuts to the skin, a tabletop belt for straightening razors, a hand mirror, a hanging (tarpaulin) belt. Frequently used items should be placed closer to the master, on the right side of the toilet, less frequently used items should be placed on the left side.
During work, it is better to place the shaving device in the middle of the mirror holder or on the right bedside table.
In a hairdressing salon with a large number of work stations, it is very convenient to have a chair number above each mirror. Then, by pressing the call button, the master can call the client from the waiting room with a light signal showing the chair number.
Each master is responsible for the sanitary condition of the workplace.
Utility room.
Such premises are necessary for production needs. It should be isolated from other rooms, equipped with a sink for washing equipment and heating devices for boiling water. The utility room should contain jugs for washing hair, the necessary supply of materials, linen, sterilized shaving brushes, etc. In accordance with sanitary rules, separate storage of clean and used linen must be arranged in the utility room.
In the utility room, install a metal tank or a galvanized wooden box with a tight lid for storing waste (cut hair, used cotton wool, paper, etc.).
Materials.
All materials used in hairdressing salons are divided into the following groups:
1. Disinfectants - 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, tincture of iodine, 70-degree alcohol, 5% solution of carbolic acid, chloramine. All these materials are purchased ready-made.
2. Perfume and cosmetics: cologne, eau de toilette, powder, soap, Vaseline, briolin, brilliantine, fixatoir, flaxseed, skin cream.
3. Compositions for permanent curling: sulfite, borax.
4. Hair dyes - herbal and chemical patented.
5. Household products: bleach, kerosene, etc.
Hygiene and sanitation.
Hygiene is a science that studies the influence of working and living conditions on human health.
One of the most important tasks of modern hygiene is the development of hygienic rules, standards and measures to prevent the negative impact of various environmental factors.
Among the various consumer service enterprises whose services people use, hairdressing salons occupy a significant place. The main tasks of hairdressing hygiene are aimed at preventing the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases.
Hygienic requirements for the work of a master are aimed at reducing the possibility of illness. Compliance with sanitary requirements depends on the activities of all employees of the hairdressing salon. Therefore, craftsmen must understand the importance of meeting sanitary requirements.
Requirements for premises and linen.
All premises must be cleaned during the working day. After the end of the working day, wet cleaning is carried out. Once a month, the hairdresser must close for sanitary treatment, all premises at the same time
treated with 0.5% chloramine solution.
During work, both disposable and reusable linen (towels, napkins, negligees) are used. Disposable ones should be thrown away after use. Reusable underwear should be washed and treated with a 0.5% chloramine solution.
Requirements for tools.
Disinfection is the destruction of germs in various ways. Produced by chemical and physical methods. The physical method includes boiling, which is carried out for 10-15 minutes from the moment the water boils. Metal instruments are disinfected by burning. In this case, the cutting part is immersed in alcohol and carried over the flame. Disinfectants include: chloramine, formalin, ethyl alcohol, carbolic acid, phenol. The choice of product and its concentration depend on the material from which the instrument is made and a number of other conditions.
Chloramine is a white powder with a pungent odor, soluble in water. Use a 0.5% aqueous solution, which should be placed in a special container on the workbench. Changes daily. Disinfect plastic instruments by immersing them in the solution for 10 - 15 minutes.
Formalin is a colorless, transparent liquid with a sharp
specific smell. Used as a 4% aqueous solution to disinfect shaving or coloring brushes.
Ethyl alcohol - I use only technical grade 70% to disinfect metal instruments when placed in a solution or wiped with a cotton swab. After finishing the work, the alcohol is filtered. Replace every three days.
Phenol (carbolic acid) - A crystalline substance with a pungent, unpleasant odor. Use a 5% aqueous solution. When used, it can form a coating on the metal parts of instruments.
Basic requirements for disinfectants. Must destroy all types of microbes. Should not damage the instruments. Should not irritate or stain the skin. Should not have a strong odor.
Maintenance requirements.
Washing head. Before washing your hair, you need to clean the sink, prepare shampoo, a napkin and a towel. After washing, rinse hair thoroughly and pat dry with a towel.
A haircut. Before serving a client, you must wash your hands and cover the client with a negligee. If the skin is injured during haircutting, it is necessary to stop work and assist in treatment with alcohol or iodine.
Medical examinations and their significance.
All hairdressing salon employees must undergo medical examinations before going to work and have a certificate of authorization to work. The purpose of such examinations is to prevent persons with diseases for which work is contraindicated from entering work. Persons with open forms of tuberculosis and skin diseases are not allowed to work in hairdressing salons. Subsequently, medical examinations are carried out once a month by a general practitioner, twice a year by a dermatologist, and twice a year by examination for tuberculosis.
List of used literature.
O.A. Panchenko “Haircut, hairstyle, modeling” 2000
O.A. Panchenko “Elegant hairstyles” 2000
O. Sorokina “Encyclopedia of the home hairdresser and makeup artist” 2000
A.S. Vasiliev “Hairdressing Art” 2000
B.G. Filimonov “A Thousand and One Hairstyles” 1999
D.G. Grigoriev “Hair care” 1998
A.V. Kondratiev “Textbook on Trichology” 2000
According to the Regulations on the procedure for assigning categories to enterprises providing personal services to the population, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated August 23, 1995 No. 674, the highest, first or second categories are established for hairdressing salons.
Provide high-quality hairdressing services;
They use modern technology;
They serve visitors in comfortable and artistically decorated salons;
The main types of work are carried out by specialists with top-class qualifications.
High-quality performance of basic types of hairdressing services, taking into account the trends of modern fashion;
Performing basic work by specialists with qualifications corresponding to the range and complexity of the services performed;
Equipping hairdressing salons with special technological furniture, as well as a decorated reception salon by Filatov S.V. "Encyclopedia of the modern hairdresser." - M.: RIPOL classic, 2010.
Performing certain types of services that are carried out by specialists with qualifications corresponding to the range and complexity of the work performed;
Equipped area for waiting for visitors.
Premises located on the ground floors of residential buildings without a separate entrance are prohibited by sanitary inspection authorities from being used as hairdressing salons. In all cases of commissioning hairdressing salons, permission from sanitary and epidemiological stations is required.
Much attention is paid to the design of interiors and shop windows of hairdressing salons. Waiting rooms should be equipped with modern furniture, and display windows should be equipped with constantly updated photographs of fashionable hairstyles and haircuts.
The workrooms of hairdressing salons must be equipped with a full set of necessary equipment, tools and devices. For the convenience of serving clients in women's rooms, it is advisable to install working toilets without sinks. To carry out work related to hair washing, coloring, fixer and neutralization during perm and other operations, it is recommended to allocate a room equipped with stationary installations with chairs. Hair steam treatment devices can be placed in the same room.
All production facilities of modern hairdressing salons, depending on their purpose, can be divided into four groups:
1) premises for serving visitors;
2) premises for their reception;
3) warehouses;
4) premises for service personnel.
The first group includes production facilities in which customer service work is performed. These are work rooms, rooms for coloring and washing hair, a room for drying hair, rooms for manicure, pedicure, and a beauty parlor. Premises for serving visitors usually occupy 50-60% of the total area of the hairdressing salon.
It is advisable to paint the premises of the first group in light colors. The floor surface should be smooth for ease of cleaning. The walls must be covered with a material that is easy to clean and disinfect.
In the premises for serving visitors, in addition to the necessary equipment and fixtures, there must be special bins with a lid for used linen.
Currently, most hairdressing salons are equipped with special rooms for hair washing, coloring and perm. In such rooms, the steps are decorated with tiles, there are installations for draining used water or chairs with a special device (wing).
Hair drying in hairdressing salons is carried out in special rooms or directly in the workroom. Dryers for the workroom are installed at a rate of at least two for each workplace. Hair drying in the men's room is usually done directly at the workplace. In this case, there must be at least one device per five workplaces. Dryers in the workroom are located no closer than 1.5 m from the work chair. Each dryer should have a comfortable, lightweight chair with a backrest. A training manual for future hairdressers, cosmetologists, stylists and makeup artists. E. Alekseeva, S. Shesterneeva - M.: “Kron-Press”, 2010.
It is advisable to locate the hair drying room next to the work room so that hairdressers can control this process.
Due to the large release of heat and moisture in such rooms, it is recommended to maintain the temperature 2-4° lower than in the workroom, i.e. at 18°C. In summer, the air temperature in the working area of the hair drying room should not exceed atmospheric temperature by more than 3°C.
Premises for receiving visitors belong to the second group. These are waiting rooms, an entrance hall with a dressing room, and a cash desk. Such premises usually occupy about 20% of the total area of hairdressing salons. Most of the premises of the second group are reserved for waiting rooms.
Waiting rooms can be separate (women's and men's) or shared. An area of 1.5 m2 per workplace is allocated for them. Working furniture should be installed in the waiting rooms, the Rules for servicing visitors in hairdressing salons and the price list should be posted, magazines, albums of fashionable hairstyles and haircuts should be laid out on the shelves. At the request of the client, if you have a computer, you can choose the desired shape of hairstyle and makeup.
The dressing room is designed to store outerwear and hand luggage. Its area is calculated based on the number of workplaces in the hairdressing salon, but not less than 2.5 m2 per workplace. Hairdressing salons with more than five workplaces are usually equipped with cash registers. The area of the cash register is at least 1.5-2 m2.
All storage facilities in hairdressing salons belong to the third group. They are designed for storing perfumes and other production materials. These premises can be located in the basement or semi-basement floors. Separate storage areas should be provided for flammable and non-flammable perfumes. Clean and dirty linen are stored separately: clean linen - on special racks, dirty linen, previously cleaned of hair, - in drawers with lids. It is advisable to place pantries for storing linen next to utility rooms.
Premises for service personnel (utility rooms) belong to the fourth group. These are rooms with personal closets for separate storage of regular and work clothes, medications, tools and equipment, a manager’s office, a shower, a separate room for eating, etc.
Utility rooms for service personnel are equipped with special tables for ironing linen, preparing compositions, washing equipment, etc. They should contain cabinets with the required amount of clean linen, as well as machines for cleaning hair from hairdressing linen. Here you need to install titanium to heat the water. Hair care. - M.: LLC TD "Publishing House World of Books", 2009.
The area of utility rooms is determined at the rate of 1.5 m2 for each workplace. The minimum area of utility rooms is 4 m2.
The number of individual cabinets for storing outerwear and gowns, as well as tools, equipment and chemicals must correspond to the number of hairdressers working in the hairdresser. The area of the dressing room for staff is determined at the rate of 0.75 m2 for each worker, but not less than 5 m2 in total.
For the manager, a separate room is allocated in the hairdressing salon with more than 10 workplaces. The manager's office must meet the requirements common to all administrative premises.
Introduction
Relevance of the topic. The modern dynamically developing world opens up new prospects for the growth of certain areas of economic activity. One such area is the service sector. The development of this industry is due to many different factors. This includes an improvement in the general standard of living of the population and, as a consequence, the availability of funds to pay for various services; and an increase in the pace of life of the population, lack of time for self-care; and, of course, the growing need for qualified professional services.
The brightest representative of the service sector is consumer services. The first place in the production and provision of household services is occupied by enterprises providing hairdressing services.
The attractiveness of the hairdressing services sector is high compared to other types of business activities. Entrepreneurs are quite willing to open hairdressing salons even in the most remote neighborhoods of the city. This is due to the fact that hairdressing and beauty services are among the most profitable in the consumer services sector.
Object and subject of research: The object of research in my course work is the hairdressing services market. The subject of the study is the conditions of this market in the city of Nizhny Novgorod.
Goal of the work: Determining the state of the hairdressing services market and studying the dynamics of its development.
Tasks:
1. Consider the features of the activities of hairdressing enterprises as a component of the service sector
2. Assess the methodology of hairdressing enterprises
3. Conduct an analysis of the market conditions for hairdressing services.
Chapter 1. Features of the activities of hairdressing enterprises as a component of the service sector
Basic concepts and types of hairdressing services enterprises
A hairdressing salon is an organization that provides services to the community for hair care (cutting, curling, coloring, creating various hairstyles, highlighting, clearing, etc. - for women, as well as shaving and trimming hair, beards and mustaches - for men ) in a special room, which is equipped with all the necessary tools, including equipment.
Hair salons often also provide other services, such as manicure, pedicure, cosmetologist and makeup artist services.
If we consider a hairdresser from the point of view of the services provided, then we should talk about the classification of services. According to the standard, the classification of hairdressing services is divided into three types:
a) on a technological basis;
b) at the place of work;
c) by the level of customer service.
Based on technology, hairdressing services are divided into:
– hair care services – physical and chemical effects on the hair or scalp in order to meet the needs of the client;
– face and body skin care services – physical and chemical effects on the client’s face and body skin, eyebrows and eyelashes in order to rejuvenate them, as well as to give the face individual expression using decorative cosmetics to meet the client’s aesthetic needs in accordance with fashion.
– services for the care of nails and skin of the hands and feet (manicure, pedicure) – physical and chemical effects on the nails and skin of the hands and feet for their improvement and protection in order to meet the hygienic and aesthetic needs of the client. This includes: facial and neck massage - physical impact to rejuvenate the client’s face and neck, as well as post-production work - production and repair of wigs, false mustaches, beards, sideburns, half wigs, extensions, braids, hairpieces and hair jewelry according to individual client orders .
Depending on the location of work, hairdressing services are divided into: :
– services provided in the organization (stationary);
– services provided at the client’s premises (field services).
According to the study, according to the level of quality, hairdressing services can be divided into:
VIP salon services
beauty salon & SPA services;
hairdressing salon services;
hairdressing services.
1.2 Classification of hairdressing services enterprises
When considering hairdressing salons, from the point of view of the enterprise, the following classification characteristics are distinguished:
by price level
by specific target audience
by level of services provided
by property type
by organizational and legal form
by location
by enterprise size.
1. Classification by price level:
· budget hairdressing salons;
· middle class hairdressing salons;
· SPA-class hairdressing salons;
· VIP - hairdressing salons.
Prices in hairdressing service enterprises consist of several indicators:
Location of the hairdressing salon - rent - cosmetics and perfumes (used in production) - exclusivity of services, - quality of service. 4. Classification by type of property:
· Private hairdresser;
· State hairdresser.
Beauty is a certain strength and power over others. Any beauty can tell you about this. However, it is impossible to imagine a stylish, irresistible look for both men and women without voluminous hair of minimum, medium or maximum length.
Any master hairdresser and even a student who has not yet gained practical experience can tell you about the main types of hairdressing services - the “bread” of any hairdresser.
Tools for hairdressers
Such services include:
1. Haircuts
This is the most frequently asked request from clients, which involves shortening the hair length many times or minimally (removing split ends). Absolutely everyone should have their hair cut from time to time, even those with long hair, since removing damaged ends allows for rapid further growth.
Naturally, no professional haircut is complete without special barber tools , therefore, experienced specialists very carefully, sometimes for years, select the necessary working arsenal, getting acquainted with the assortment of many hairdressing stores .
2. Changing hair color
Many women admit that this type of service is the most effective if you need to radically or only slightly change your appearance. A haircut can certainly refresh a person, but only changing the natural hair color can give an incredible visual effect.
Hairdressing shops
This is true, but the choice of colors should be approached very carefully. The best thing is to consult with your specialist, because in case of failure, the next coloring can only be done in 3-4 weeks. These periods are associated with the restoration of hair after dyeing - the effect of pigments of chemical origin on the hair structure.
Again, in this case, you cannot do without special accessories for coloring, convenient professional beauty salon furniture , and beauty salon equipment : chair for the client, trolley for tools and supplies, hairdresser mirror etc.
3. Hairstyles
This is the holy of holies of any hairdresser, because good practice in creating simple and complex hairstyles using various elements: curls, braids, straight strands will always give the master the opportunity to earn money. Not a single party, special event or romantic date is complete without a spectacular hairstyle, and at such moments hairdressing salons experience a real “client boom”.
The listed types can be called basic, but each group has many subtypes, as well as implementation methods. Some salons even patent and introduce innovative methods of coloring and styling, partially or completely changing the technological process.
Mirrors for hairdressers
Such popular types of operations as today deserve special attention:
1. Hair extensions
2. Hair treatment and restoration
3. Hair straightening
Please note that hair treatment and restoration can be carried out using available professional products and special beauty equipment in any hairdresser, but hair extensions and straightening are specific procedures that should be carried out by experienced specialists.
Our online store for hairdressers ready to offer you everything you need to create hairstyles, styling, haircuts and other hairdressing services. In addition, our designers can work on the project beauty salon interior , giving it a unique shine and creating a corporate style.
Hairdressing services are the care of hair by coloring, cutting, styling or extensions to meet the needs of the client and make his appearance fresh, well-groomed and beautiful. Hairdressing technology is an entire art, the fruits of which are amazing images. A professional hairdresser is constantly growing, improving his skills and knowledge, attending competitions and trainings. A really good hairdresser will always advise his client what adjustments are necessary in his appearance, how he can hide flaws and highlight advantages with the help of a well-chosen color or haircut.
The scope of work of a master hairdresser includes many different areas, each of which requires specific knowledge and the availability of the necessary tools. In particular these are:
- A haircut;
- Coloring;
- Styling;
- Hairstyle creation;
- Children's haircut;
- Head massage;
- Hair treatment;
- Lamination, keratative hair straightening;
- Hair extension;
- Weaving braids, afro braids, creating dreadlocks, etc.
It is believed that the profession of a universal hairdresser includes mastery of all of the above techniques. However, as a rule, it is very difficult for a master to scatter himself on all kinds of services and improve all skills at the same time, so he tries to achieve a high level of professional skill in at least one or more.
What can a master hairdresser be?
Hairdresser stylist make-up artist- a more complex concept, emphasizing the fact that the master has completed courses in stylistics and makeup. In the process of his work, a hairdresser stylist must do what almost every person dreams of: choosing exactly the right haircut, the right hair color, sometimes very unexpected, which will make a person bright, cheerful and beautiful, and create the basis of his image. The services of a hair stylist are valued much higher, since a small number of hairdressers decide to improve their skills in creating new images. This requires money and time. Therefore, truly professional hairdressers with excellent taste and sense of style become stylists.
Hairdresser colorist is a person who specializes in hair coloring. He knows which dye is best to use so as not to damage the hair, what intensity of shade is needed specifically for your face and figure. At the courses, colorists are taught various combinations of colors, creating smooth transitions, the effect of burnt hair, and many other interesting ways to highlight the owner of a hairstyle. A hairdresser and makeup artist typically specializes in weddings and evening looks. It is very convenient to call a hairdresser to your home and get a makeup artist in one person.
masters the techniques of all men's hairstyles, from classic to sports or “like Dima Bilan’s”. He will be able to choose a haircut for young people that will emphasize masculinity or add stylish and bright notes to the image.
Hairdresser for children- This is a separate group of masters, since not every master can, with patience, cut a child jumping or crying in a chair. A children's hairdresser must be able to interest a child. Today, special hairdressing salons are even being created for children, where the hairdresser’s workplace is equipped with a TV with cartoons, and the chairs are made in the form of cars or fairy-tale characters.
How are prices for hairdressing services determined?
The cost of hairdressing services depends on the level of the salon, the experience and skill of the hairdresser, the cost and quality of the cosmetics and equipment used. Hairdressing services at home, as a rule, are much lower, since in this case the cost of renting premises, utilities and many other factors is not taken into account. If you have a personal hairdresser whom you completely trust with your own hair, then you are truly lucky! For those who have not yet found one, but want to change their image, we advise you to turn to the online virtual hairdresser program, where you will select a haircut, styling and hair color based on a photo, which the salon master can then create.
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