The rejection of the minimum wage in favor of hourly wages will not fundamentally affect the level wages, considers the Vice-Rector of the Academy of Labor and social relations Alexander Safonov.
Hourly pay
In order to fight poverty, the State Duma proposed to replace the minimum wage with hourly wages with base rate in the amount of 100 rubles. At the same time, depending on the qualifications of the employee, his field of activity and place of work, the leader of the Just Russia party, Sergei Mironov, proposes to apply three multiplying factors - territorial, sectoral and professional.
Such an approach, according to Mironov's calculations, will increase the minimum monthly wage in Russia to almost 17,000 rubles, which will automatically bring most salaries to the level of the national average "without statistical manipulations and work for two rates."
“What is hourly, what is daily, what is the monthly minimum wage is fundamentally unable to solve the issue of wage increases. And even more so, it is impossible to interfere in the process of raising salaries through an assessment of qualifications and professional skills - who will evaluate them and how. In addition, there are already coefficients that take into account the specifics of the standard of living in each specific subject of the Russian Federation. The proposals to switch to hourly wages represent an attempt to “break in the open door”.
The transition to hourly pay will in fact lead to the fact that the current minimum wage will be divided by the number of working hours per month, but this approach will not change the situation quantitatively. In the world, the minimum wage is considered differently - in the USA it is hourly, in Europe it is monthly, but the level of salary depends on other circumstances: the basic criterion for the minimum wage and the size of the living wage itself, ”explains the interlocutor FBA "Economy Today".
Calculation of salaries in Russia
In Russia, wages are calculated according to the simplest technology, when the so-called normative statistical method, in which it has already been decided for us what and in what quantity we need to meet basic needs, the expert adds. But a different principle is used in the world - if a family spends more than 50% of its income on food, then this is considered the level of poverty, and the subsistence minimum is considered from it.
According to Safonov, if such an approach is used in Russian calculations, it will be much more effective way poverty alleviation than shifting to hourly wages. But Sergei Mironov proposes to establish modern wage parameters at the legislative level.
“There is nothing like it anywhere in the world. For example, in the civil service in Europe there is a dual system for setting wages. First, it is calculated through sectoral agreements between trade unions and employers represented by the state and proceeds from how much the employer can pay and whether this will lead to a reduction in the number of jobs. The second point is connected with the establishment of a through system of remuneration, uniform for the entire territory.
Our current legislation also has a base salary mechanism that allows us to set minimum wage rates for public sector employees. But getting into the commercial sphere, forcing companies to pay the minimum amount established by law, means a return to the USSR, where the state takes responsibility for jobs and for the profits of this company,” Alexander Safonov believes.
Recall that in March, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on May 1, 2018. From now on minimum size wages in Russia is 11 thousand 163 rubles per month.
18.03.2016
Article 132 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that with properly executed legal acts and the prescribed terms of the agreement, each employee has the right to arrange work with payment for one hour, day and month. The employee has the right to receive payment calculated on the basis of established criteria, without any restrictions.
The minimum hourly minimum wage will determine the minimum allowable cost of one hour of work.
The issue of the minimum hourly wage has not been resolved by law. Practice labor law And judgments has long required changes to the minimum wage and the calculation methodology, and in particular the methodology for calculating hourly wages.
How much is the hourly minimum wage
The planned hourly minimum wage will be 100 rubles. and is planned for use since 01/01/2017, but when it will be accepted is not clear. It is also possible to adjust this indicator according to territorial, sectoral and professional criteria.
If the minimum wage for one hour significantly exceeds the minimum wage per month, it is not clear how to proceed in this case, but the Labor Code of the Russian Federation does not limit the maximum payments.
History issue in government
- In 2017, the bill on the hourly MTROT was rejected by the Government of the Russian Federation, so, when establishing an employee monthly salary it turns out that its size will not depend on the number of working hours in a month, but the cost of an hour of his working time will change monthly. Therefore, since monthly tariff rates and salaries are more common, it is more rational to apply the monthly minimum wage.
- In June 2017, amendments were made to labor Code: the rules according to which an employee working on a part-time basis, an irregular working day can be established only if the agreement of the parties employment contract part-time work week, but full-time work.
The amendments also affected Art. 152 and 153 of the Code, they specify the procedure for accounting for work performed in excess of the norm of working time on weekends and non-working holidays, when calculating the duration overtime payable at an increased rate.
Time / hourly wages are not prohibited
With time / hourly wages, the employee's earnings are determined based on the time actually worked by him and the tariff rate (salary). This type of activity refers to a time-based type of earnings and is also subject to mandatory official registration and regular payment of funds. The peculiarity of this type of work is that the calculation of wages is made from the actual number of hours worked. Such a condition is mandatory prescribed in the contract, based on the provisions of Article 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
The tariff rate is understood as the amount of remuneration for labor per unit of time (hour, day, month).
To record the working time of employees with hourly pay, it is necessary to establish a summarized time record. When setting the length of working time for the accounting period (month, quarter or other periods, but not more than a year), it should be borne in mind that it should not exceed the normal number of working hours - 40 hours per week.
Accounting period: month, quarter, half year, year, the employer needs to set it on his own.
In which case does it apply
Hourly pay is ideal for part-time employees. It is suitable for employees whose workload varies on different working days. We recommend not hiring with hourly pay, but hiring under GPC agreements, for a certain type of work, and it is more profitable in terms of taxes.
How to reflect
Before applying the hourly wage system, it is necessary to fix this rule in the following documents:
- labor agreement;
- staffing table;
- order.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages of the hourly payment system:
- for the employer- cost savings when employees receive money only for the hours actually worked, the ability to track and monitor the effectiveness of working hours, the convenience of settlements with part-time workers;
- for employees- convenient for employees of certain professions, as it allows you to take into account their uneven workload.
Minuses:
- for employers- the complexity of the financial calculation of wages, the need to strictly control the amount of time worked by employees;
- for employees- the absence of bonuses and bonuses, the possibility of abuse by an unscrupulous employer who will set unrealistic amounts of work for one hour.
Hourly payment in accordance with the provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation can be:
- Simple. This system is most often used in public sector. Only the amount of time worked is paid.
- Premium simple. The amount of payment of funds includes both the time worked and the quality of the tasks performed. The amount depends on the rate and calculation of the premium.
- Normalized. This type of payment of funds is based on the fulfillment of the established norm.
Note that the norm of working hours in each month is different, it is determined by production calendar.
So, for example, in May the norm of working hours is 143 hours, in June - 167 hours. It is for the norm of working hours according to the production calendar that the salary should be set not less than the regional minimum wage. But this only applies if the employee has complied established norm working hours.
If the employee has worked fewer hours. In this case, the employee's salary is determined in accordance with his qualifications and the number of hours worked.
It must be emphasized that minimum payment labor is provided to an employee who has fully worked out the norm of working time. Part-time wages may be less than the minimum wage.
If an employee wants to work and receive a salary for each period worked, on the basis of Article 132 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, he has the legal right to draw up an agreement with payment for each hour. To do this, the employer and employee must establish and prescribe the features of this type of earnings on a mutual basis.
The correct way to complete the contract is as follows:
- Is fixed tariff rate for hourly activity, taking into account the minimum wage indicators.
- The level of income is prescribed in the process of multiplying the rate and the hours worked.
- Information is registered that relates to holidays, weekends and sick days.
This week, the Just Russia faction submitted to the State Duma a bill on the introduction of hourly wages in the country. According to the proposal of the SR, the minimum cost of an hour of work should be 100 rubles. Let's compare this figure with the minimum hourly wage in countries where it already exists.
There is no single national minimum wage in China. Minimum hourly wages are set by province and economic zone. The most modest figure is in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang on the border with Russia (8 yuan). And, for example, in Shanghai it is more than twice as high and reaches 18 yuan.
In the United States, the minimum hourly wage was first legislated in the 1910s in 13 states. At the national level, such a law was passed in 1938. The hourly rate is now $7.25, although the figure is higher in 29 states.
The average hourly minimum wage in Japan is 780 yen (475 rubles) per hour. At the same time, in some prefectures, it falls below 700 yen, and in Tokyo it reaches 900 yen. This year, the average is expected to rise by another 3 percent.
In Brazil, the hourly minimum wage was set in the 1930s by President Getúlio Vargas. Each state of the country can introduce its own minimum wage, but it cannot be less than the federal one.
It is curious that in Germany, where the traditions of social democracy have 150-year-old roots, the hourly minimum wage appeared only in 2014. But it immediately became one of the largest in the world.
Colombia has an extremely low minimum wage, which generally corresponds to its position as a fairly poor country, largely tied to the agricultural sector, where workers, in principle, earn little.
The figure indicated in the photo will become obsolete in two weeks. From April 1, Britons will receive a minimum of £7.2 an hour. This increase will be one of the most significant in history.
Australia leads the world in minimum hourly wages. Which is not surprising, given the exceptionally high standard of living on the continent. However, manufacturers in Lately complain that the collapse in world commodity prices has caused significant damage to the Australian economy.
Over the past 20 years, the minimum hourly wage in Israel has doubled. However, in real terms, the growth is not so significant due to the relatively high inflation during this period.
France also has a very high level of social security for workers. In terms of the minimum wage, the country is only slightly inferior to Australia. But citizens under the age of 18 can only count on 80 percent of the declared 9.6 euros.
Minimum wage rates in Poland are among the lowest in the European Union. However, prices in this country are significantly lower than the European average.
South Korea, despite its tremendous economic success over the past 40-50 years, nevertheless remains a country with a modest social security(when compared with the leading developed countries). The minimum wage in Korea is almost half that of European countries.
Taiwan is in many ways similar to South Korea - with the only difference being that the country's economic breakthrough began a couple of decades later. Therefore, in social standards, the Taiwanese still lag behind the advanced "Asian tigers." But the minimum wage there is 2.5 times higher than in mainland China.
Hourly pay requires a clear calculation of hours worked. Read about the cases in which it applies and what are the calculation rules
Read our article:
Hourly pay according to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation
Article 100 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation allows the employer to establish at the enterprise that system of remuneration, which is most economically justified in this situation. Her choice must be indicated in the local regulatory act of the employer. Hourly wages are a special case of the summarized accounting of working hours (Article 104 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation).
The salary received by an employee may consist only of payments for hours worked, it is possible to use an incentive bonus part. It may also depend on the norm performed per unit of time, with an appropriate allowance for productive work.
Article 133 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation establishes requirements for the minimum hourly wage, read more about this below. The maximum number of hours that an employee can work for an accounting period is also limited; they can choose a week, month, quarter. The maximum duration of the accounting period is 1 year.
Minimum hourly wage in 2020 in Russia
Legislation prohibits employees from being paid less than established level SMIC. For non-compliance with this rule, liability is provided in accordance with Art. 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
In 2018, there was an increase in the minimum wage to 11,163 rubles. From January 1, 2019, the minimum wage amounted to 100% of the subsistence level - 11,280 rubles. In 2020 - 12130 rubles. Accordingly, it is necessary to systematically index the cost of an hour of work for hourly employees.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that depending on the region, the size of the minimum wage may vary. This is due not only to the use of district coefficients for the northern regions and territories equated to them, but also to the presence of a tripartite agreement in the region.
To calculate the cost of an hour, you need to calculate the maximum number of working hours per month for a 40-hour work week. And then divide the value of the minimum wage by the number of hours.
The maximum number of hours that can be in a month is 184.
The minimum wage for an hour of work in the Russian Federation from January 1, 2019 is 12,130/184 = 62.9 rubles. This figure is relevant for August and October. In other months, when there are less working hours, the hourly rate is higher.
Hourly pay is such a system that is convenient for use by the worker's staff:
- part-time;
- in flexible working hours;
- at the same time;
- in the mode of uneven distribution of work tasks in the billing period;
- with the inability to accurately standardize their work
Payroll for hourly pay
As we wrote above, the minimum hourly rate depends on the size of the minimum wage. Recently, this figure has been constantly changing, so it is worth setting the rate a little higher in order to avoid breaking the law and constantly issuing additional agreements to employment contracts. Wages for hourly work are calculated by multiplying the number of hours worked by the wage rate.
A part-time accountant worked 67 hours in April. The hourly tariff rate is 235 rubles. The salary for April was 67 * 235 = 15,745 rubles.
How to issue
If this system is already in effect at the employer when hiring a new employee, then necessary condition it is simply prescribed in the employment contract and the order for employment.
Sample letter of application for a job with hourly wages
When moving within the current labor process a certain procedure is required. Painted it step by step:
Step 1. Issuance of an order on the introduction of a summarized accounting of working hours.
Step 2. Notifying the employee of a significant change in the terms of the employment contract 2 months before the expected date.
Step 3. Signing an additional agreement to the employment contract on the introduction of hourly wages.
Please note that such changes require the consent of the employee. Otherwise, he is subject to dismissal.
Not in all cases, the employee receives a monthly salary. Depending on the terms of the contract, payment can be made for each hour of work. A detailed answer to the question of how hourly wages are made is presented in the article.
Labor Code of the Russian Federation hourly wages
The legislation of Russia and Article 123 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that, with properly executed legal acts and prescribed terms of the agreement, each employee has the right to arrange work with payment for one hour. This type of activity refers to a time-based type of earnings and is also subject to mandatory official registration and regular payment of funds. The peculiarity of this type of work is that the calculation of wages is made from the actual number of hours worked. Such a condition is mandatory prescribed in the contract, based on the provisions of Article 57 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
Hourly payment in accordance with the provisions of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation can be:
- Simple. This system is most often used in the public sector. Only the amount of time worked is paid.
- Premium simple. The amount of payment of funds includes both the time worked and the quality of the tasks performed. The amount depends on the rate and calculation of the premium.
- Normalized. This type of payment of funds is based on the fulfillment of the established norm.
It is noted that according to the Law, the amount of the minimum payment for labor should not be lower than the minimum wage. Such a rule operates in accordance with part 3 of article 133 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the calculation of wages for each hour of work is done on the basis of time tracking. The entire amount of time worked, which should not exceed 40 hours per week, is recorded by the boss, in accordance with part 4 of article 91. If the employer has registered employees for an hourly night shift, the salary level under the Law of the Russian Federation doubles for every hour of work. This type is convenient to install for part-time workers and employees who have a flexible schedule. Since each hour of work is paid at the same rate.
Minimum hourly wage in 2018 in Russia
It is necessary to apply the conditions for payment of funds for each hour of work, taking into account the minimum minimum wage. Part 3 of Article 133 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation states that the minimum wage is 7,500 rubles. Also, in accounting for time, the boss may not prescribe the period worked by the employee. The maximum duration for part-time work is 40 hours per week. It is worth noting that the Law does not limit the increase in income for each hour of work, if the employer himself expresses such a desire.
How to conclude an employment contract with an hourly wage - sample
If an employee wants to work and receive a salary for each period worked, on the basis of Article 123 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, he has the legal right to draw up an agreement with payment for each hour. To do this, the employer and employee must establish and prescribe the features of this type of earnings on a mutual basis.
The correct way to complete the contract is as follows:
- The tariff rate for hourly activity is fixed, taking into account the minimum wage indicators.
- The level of income is prescribed in the process of multiplying the rate and the hours worked.
- Information is registered that relates to holidays, weekends and sick days.
Order for employment with hourly wages - sample
After the execution of the employment contract is completed, the employer issues an order to accept the employee for the position. Form T-1 is the correct form of the order.
For correct design order, the following data is indicated:
- Full name of the company.
- The position of the employee.
- Personal data of the worker and his personnel number.
- Salary level. At this point, the employer must enter the amount of income for hourly work.
- Features of working conditions and the basis for them.
- The date of the act.
- Document Number.
- Signature of the manager and employee.
For more detailed information on how to fill out the order correctly, you can download a sample.
How to calculate hourly wages - calculation example
Calculation of hourly wages in 2018 produced as follows:
It is necessary to multiply the income, taking into account the established tariff, by the duration of the week / month / year. For example, an employee works hourly for 250 rubles. He worked 80 hours a month. So you need to multiply 250 by 80. The total amount of earnings will be 20,000 rubles.
Such a simple formula will allow even an employee to calculate the level of income.
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