Chemical industry. Geography of the chemical industry World chemical industry presentation

Chemical industry of the world

The presentation was prepared by Kuriy S.A., geography teacher, MBOU "Makushinskaya secondary school No. 1"

Chemical industry

the second leading branch of the industry after electronics, which most quickly provides the implementation of achievements scientific and technological progress in all spheres of the economy and contributes to the acceleration of development productive forces in every country.
a feature of the modern chemical industry is the orientation of the main high-tech industries (pharmaceutical, polymer materials, reagents and highly pure substances), as well as products of perfumery and cosmetics, household chemicals, etc. to ensure the daily needs of a person and his health.

Features of the chemical industry

high research costs
continuous improvement of technological processes
use of more and more diverse raw materials and semi-finished products
chemicalization of economy and life
there is practically no such sphere of human activity, where chemical products would not be widely used

Branch structure of the chemical industry

mining and chemical industry associated with the extraction and enrichment of mining and chemical raw materials - phosphorites, table and potash salts, sulfur, etc.;
the main chemical industry (production of mineral fertilizers, acids, salts, alkalis, etc.);
the industry of polymeric materials, based primarily on organic synthesis and including the production of synthetic resins and plastics, chemical fibers, synthetic rubber, synthetic dyes, etc.

Placement factors

mining and chemical and basic chemical industries - in developing countries
organic synthesis - in developed countries
many chemical enterprises in Asia, Africa and Latin America are actually owned by the largest TNCs in Western countries, such as DuPont, Dow Chemical (USA), Bayer, BASF, Hoechst (Germany), Imperial Chemical Industries (Great Britain), Montedison (Italy)

Sulfuric acid production

The top ten countries for the production of sulfuric acid include the developed countries West (USA, Japan, Canada, France, Germany, Spain), and countries with economies in transition (Russia, Ukraine), and developing (China, Brazil).

Production of mineral fertilizers

in the first place is foreign Asia (about 40%),
on the second - North America (25),
third - CIS countries (15)
on the fourth - Western Europe (12 %).

Plastics production

The main features of geography:
1) a strong concentration of their production - ten industrialized countries of the world provide 3/4 of plastics, and the three largest - more than 1/2;
2) the preservation of the United States of its leading role during 1950-1995;
3) change in the composition of the ten leading countries (their number for the first time included a number of newly industrialized countries and the PRC);
4) the role of Asia in the industry has sharply increased: this region comes close to North America, ahead of Western Europe.

Chemical fiber industry

The scope of their application in the economy and household consumption is constantly growing.
The output of these fibers per capita in the world has greatly increased: in 1950 - only 0.7 kg, in 1995 - about 4 kg.
In some countries, they were even more: Japan and Germany - 13 kg each, the USA - 14, Austria - 17, the Republic of Korea - 41, about. Taiwan - 116 kg (in Russia - 1.5 kg, China - 2.2 kg).

Synthetic rubber industry

Almost every region has now become a producer of synthetic rubber
The concentration of production in the leading countries is high: our country, the USA and Japan in total produced more than half of the synthetic rubber in the world.

Phosphate fertilizer industry

The best quality type of phosphorus raw material - apatite (the content of useful substance in its concentrate reaches 40%) is developed in Russia (Khibiny), and phosphorites inferior to them in quality (up to 30% of useful substance with impurities of other elements), in addition to other CIS countries, are mined in China, North America (USA), African countries.
As a result of the migration of the production of phosphate fertilizers, it moved from the leading region - the leader in 1950 - Western Europe to Asia. North America has retained its role. In 1995, two regions - Asia and North America - began to produce over 2/3 of all phosphate fertilizers in the world.
The United States retains its leadership in the world production of this type of fertilizer, but the role of China, India and Brazil is rapidly increasing.

potash industry

North America (Canada, USA), Eastern Europe (Russia, Belarus) and, to a lesser extent, Western Europe (Germany, France), as well as Asia (Middle East, China) are especially distinguished by their resources.
Location of potash fertilizer production in much more confined to deposits of potassium salts.

pharmaceutical industry

the cost of 1 ton of its products is the highest in the chemical industry.
IN pharmaceutical industry there are a large number of firms: in the USA - more than 1100, among them there are many large ones, in Japan - 1500 firms, but 75% of them are small firms.
Most of the large ones are TNCs with firms and enterprises in other countries. The top 20 TNCs in the world account for 60% of drug sales.

rubber industry.

The concentration of their production by country and region is very high: the top ten countries provide more than 3/4 of the world's tires, and the top four produce more than 1/2. North America has been and remains the leading region, and Asia is catching up with it faster and faster.

Three main regions of the world

a region of foreign Europe, which produces approximately 1/3 of all products of this industry. (Great Britain, the Netherlands, Norway, partly France).
North America region (30%), led by the US
East and Southeast Asia. Its core is Japan (18%), where a powerful petrochemistry arose in seaports on the basis of imported oil.

The chemical industry is one of the avant-garde industries that ensure the development of the economy in the era of scientific and technological revolution. The development of the entire economy depends on its development, since it provides other industries new materials, Agriculture mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, and the population with a variety of household chemicals.

Qualitative changes in the chemical industry under the influence of scientific and technological revolution: 1. The transition of many industries from coal raw materials to oil and gas; 2. Emergence of chemical products with predetermined properties that can be better than products made from natural raw materials; 3. Organic synthesis chemistry products have taken a leading position in the industry; 4. Significant renewal of the range of chemical products; 5. Constant modernization of technological processes.

The chemical industry has a complex sectoral composition. Branches of the chemical industry Location principles Examples of developed countries Examples of developing countries Mining and chemical: mining and processing of rock and potash salts, phosphorites, apatites, nepheline, sulfur, saltpeter, barite, etc. Raw materials USA Canada Russia South Africa Spain Portugal Chile Peru Morocco India Brazil Mexico

Chemical industries Location principles Examples of developed countries Examples of developing countries Basic chemistry: 1. Production of sulfuric acid Consumer USA China Russia Japan Ukraine France Morocco India Brazil 2. Production of potash fertilizers Raw material, consumer Russia USA Israel Jordan Chile Brazil Cuba 3. Production of phosphate fertilizers Raw material USA Russia Portugal South Africa Morocco Chile 4. Production of nitrogen fertilizers Consumer USA Russia China Canada Japan India Brazil

Chemical industries Location principles Developed country examples Developing country examples Organic synthesis chemistry: plastics, synthetic fibers and synthetic rubber Consumer USA Japan Germany France Netherlands Italy Russia Brazil Mexico India Venezuela

There are four main regions in the global chemical industry: the USA, Foreign Europe, the CIS and Japan. In developing countries, until recently, this industry was represented mainly by the extraction of raw materials. However, after the energy crisis, the chemical industry began to grow much faster in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, especially those rich in oil and gas resources. Large petrochemical complexes were put into operation in the countries of the Persian Gulf, North Africa, Mexico and Venezuela.

Conclusions The chemistry of organic synthesis, the production of sulfuric acid is represented mainly in developed countries. In developing countries, until recently, this industry was represented mainly by the extraction of raw materials. However, after the energy crisis, the chemical industry began to grow much faster in the countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America, especially those rich in oil and gas resources. Large petrochemical complexes were put into operation in the countries of the Persian Gulf, North Africa, Mexico and Venezuela.

"Economic Integration" - back. Economic Monetary Union. Integration processes in the world and Russia. 2. Types of integration. World integration. BACK. 1. Introduction. Regional integration. Private-corporate integration. Types of integration. Customs Union. Basic goals. institutional integration.

"Market of Germany" - In 2004, the negotiations of the European Union on Russia's accession to the WTO were successfully completed. Germany's position regarding economic attractiveness has also improved significantly. - 5 -. Presentation with a report 11/19/2007 MauerGroup, Rostov-on-Don. - 8 -. Euro.

"International cooperation of Russia" - International cooperation in the field of environmental management. Russia's participation in several regional groupings. The most important agreements of the USSR. Active work of the Russian Federation in international cooperation. Weakness Russian economy. Realization of national interests. Reasons for non-fulfillment of international obligations:

"Economy of Kazakhstan" - Historical and social background of corruption in Kazakhstan. Fight against corruption in Kazakhstan. Consequences of the information vacuum caused by corruption. Corruption flourished in Kazakhstan and in Soviet time. sociological research on the problems of corruption in the Republic of Kazakhstan (continued). The scope of corruption in non-governmental organizations (firms, enterprises, public organizations) is on the rise.

"Industries of the world" - Non-ferrous metallurgy. Black. Drawing. Ferrous metallurgy. Industry of the world. What can be said about the main directions of transportation of ore raw materials? About 50 million cars and trucks are produced annually in the world. Metallurgy provides humanity with structural materials - ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

"Geography of industries" - Forestry and woodworking industry. Territorial changes. Objectives of the work: To identify the main industrial regions of the world. USA Foreign Europe CIS Japan. The main groups of industries in the world. Complication of specialization of old industrial areas: Ruhr Central England Alsace and Lorraine. Stages of tech development.

There are 12 presentations in total in the topic

D ata_____________

Class 10 "G"

Topic of the open lesson: Chemical, timber and light industry of the world.

The purpose of the lesson: form an idea of the global chemical, timber and light industries.

Lesson objectives:

- Educational - to characterize the composition, features of development and location of the chemical, timber and light industries of the world;

- Developing - to develop the ability to determine the patterns of placement of certain industries, the ability to work with atlas maps;

- Educational - to cultivate an understanding of the importance of studying geography, curiosity towards the subject and a local history approach.

Equipment: political map world, atlas, textbook, Handout, presentation, video clips.

Lesson type: learning new material.

During the classes:

I. Organizing time.

Greeting students. Checking on the desks of equipment and training materials.

II. Checking homework.

Test tasks(3, 4 slide)

1. Industry is the main branch of material production. Depending on the raw materials used, ...

A) Mining and chemical industry

C) manufacturing and engineering industry

C) Mining and manufacturing industry

D) Coal and oil and gas industry

2. How many people are employed in global industry?

A) 400 thousand.

C) 500 million

C) 200 million

D) 700 thousand.

3. Depending on the time of occurrence, industries are divided into 3 groups. Which?

A) old, new, new

B) large, new, newest

C) large, knowledge-intensive, new

D) old, new, complex

4. The largest number of industrial areas are concentrated ....

A) South America, CIS, Russia

C) Europe, USA, Canada, East Asia, CIS

C) Europe, USA, Russia, Germany

E) USA, Canada, East Asia, Central Asia

5. The fastest growing industry in the world of mechanical engineering is ....

A) Mechanical engineering and metalworking

C) Mechanical engineering and chemical industry

C) light industry

D) Electronic and electrical industry.

I II. The message of the topic, purpose, objectives of the lesson and the motivation of educational activities.

modern promyshlValue is a component of the world economy, a leading industry production area, the main producer of wealth. But it was not always so. First industrial enterprises were built approximately 240 years ago. These were weaving factories in England, the advanced Western European country of that time. It was Western Europe, and then the United States, that were the first to go through all the main stages of industrial development. This was manifested in a consistent change in industries that were leaders in the economy.

I v. Learning new material.

Chemical industry is one of the avant-garde industries that ensure the development of the economy in the era of scientific and technological revolution. The development of the entire economy depends on its development, since it provides other industries with new materials, – mineral fertilizers and plant protection products, and the population– various household chemicals.

The chemical industry has a complex sectoral composition. It includes:

mining (extraction of raw materials: sulfur, apatite, phosphorites, salts);

basic chemistry (production of salts, acids, alkalis, mineral fertilizers);

chemistry of organic synthesis (production of polymers - plastics, synthetic rubber, chemical fibers);

other industries (household chemicals, perfumery, microbiological, etc.).(6, 7 slide)

Forest industry of the world.

The timber and woodworking industry is one of the oldest industries. For a long time, it provided other industries with structural materials and raw materials.

Includes: logging, primary woodworking, pulp and paper, and furniture manufacturing.(8, 9 slide)

Light industry of the world.

Light industry provides the needs of the population in fabrics, clothing, footwear, as well as other industries with specialized materials.

Light industry includes 30 major industries, which are combined into groups:

primary processing of raw materials;

textile industry;

clothing industry;

shoe industry.

The most important industry is textile.

The main placement factors are:

raw materials (for industries of primary processing of raw materials);

consumer (for clothing and footwear);

a combination of the first two (depending on the production stages of the textile industry).(11, 12 slide)

Video clips(Finland, Italy)

Group task. ( 13 slide )

1. Name all accommodation centers:

1. Chemical industry (1 group)

2. timber industry(Group 2)

3. Light industry (Group 3)

2. What is the significance for life, for people, etc.

V . Consolidation of the studied material.

QUIZ (14 slide)

1. What are the factors for the location of the production of the chemical industry.

Mining chemistry – raw materials

Basic chemistry - raw materials and consumer

Chemistry of organic synthesis – transport and consumer

Household chemicals and pharmaceuticals - consumer

2. Name the four main regions of the world chemical industry.

Europe, North America, East and Southeast Asia.

3. Name the countries by the production of complex, high technology products.

USA, Western Europe (Germany), Japan.

4. Which countries are the largest producers of softwood?

Russia, Canada, Sweden, Finland.

5. What are the leading countries in the production of paper and cardboard?

China, USA, Japan, Germany, Finland, Canada, Sweden.

6. Which country has the highest paper production per share of population?

Finland.

7. Name the five main regions of the world textile industry.

East Asia, South Asia, CIS, foreign Europe and the USA.

8. The main region for the development of the textile industry is ....

Asia, which today provides about 70% of the total amount of tissues.

9. Name the developed countries specializing in the production of fashion and individual products?

USA, France, Italy.

VI . Reflection.

In today's lesson, we learned how to characterize the placement of the chemical, timber and light industries.

Plus minus interesting ». In the column "P" - "plus" - everything that was liked in the lesson, information and forms of work that caused positive emotions, or, according to the student, may be useful to him to achieve some goals, is recorded. In the column "M" - "minus" - everything that was not liked at the lesson, seemed boring, caused hostility, remained incomprehensible, or information that, according to the student, turned out to be useless for him, is written down. In the column "I" - "interesting" - students enter all the curious facts that they learned about in the lesson, what else they would like to know about this problem, questions to the teacher.(15 slide)

Plus

Minus

Interesting

I wish you to bloom, grow,

Save, improve health.

It is for a long journey -

The main condition.

May every day and every hour

You will be new

May your mind be good.

And the heart will be smart.

I sincerely wish you

Friends, all the best.

All the best, friends

It's not cheap for us. (S. Marshak)(16 slide)

VII . Homework.

§ 39-40. Prepare an essay on the topic: "Chemical industry of the world", "Timber industry of the world", "Light industry of the world" (optional)(17 slide)