PLAN
1. ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND BUSINESS
A) CONCEPT
B) FUNCTIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
PRODUCTION,
COMMERCIAL,
FINANCIAL,
INTERMEDIARY,
INSURANCE
V)
FACTORS,
INFLUENCING
ON THE
SUCCESS
ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
PRIVATIZATION,
NATIONALIZATION,
REQUISITION,
GLOBALIZATION,
MODERNIZATION,
DIVERSIFICATION,
CONVERGENCE
D) FUNCTIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
RESOURCE,
GENERAL ECONOMIC,
INNOVATIVE,
SOCIAL,
ORGANIZING
E) ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS OF BUSINESS:
CLASSIFICATION:
COMMERCIAL:
ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIPS
(FULL, LIMITED), JOINT STOCK COMPANY
SOCIETY:
OPEN,
CLOSED),
PRODUCTION
COOPERATIVES,
STATE AND MUNICIPAL UNITARY
ENTERPRISES (ON THE RIGHT OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT,
ON THE RIGHT OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT),
NON-PROFIT: CONSUMER COOPERATIVE,
FUNDS,
PUBLIC
AND
RELIGIOUS
ORGANIZATIONS
INSTITUTIONS,
ASSOCIATIONS
YL
(ASSOCIATIONS, UNIONS)
COMPARISON (PLUS AND MINUS)
2. STEP INSTRUCTION AND DOCUMENTS
FOR OPENING A BUSINESS IN 2017:
COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS FOR REGISTRATION IN
FTS;
CHOICE OF THE TAX AUTHORITY WHICH
CLOSE TO THE LOCATION
RESIDENCE OF THE APPLICANT;
3. FINANCING
A) CONCEPT
B) CLASSIFICATION
SOURCES
BUSINESS FINANCING:
SELF-FINANCING:
OWN
CAPITAL,
ACCUMULATED
PURE
PROFIT(CONCEPT, CLASSIFICATION);
INVESTMENT
RESOURCES:
MARKET
CAPITAL,
BUDGET
FACILITIES
(SUBSIDIES,
DONATIONS,
SUBVENTIONS)
,
INVESTMENT
THIRD
PERSONS
(FRANCHISING);
LOAN FINANCIAL RESOURCES (LEASING,
FACTORING, FORFEITING, CONSIGNMENT)
4. SUPPORT FOR SMALL BUSINESSES:
STATE:
SUBSIDIES,
EDUCATION,
PREFERENTIAL LOANS,
FREE PARTICIPATION IN EXHIBITIONS AND
FAIRS
FREE CONSULTATION
RENT OF PREMISES AND LAND
MARKET METHODS:
LEASING
FACTORING
FRANCHISING
MARKETING
3. FARMING:
A) CONCEPT
B) DIRECTIONS OF ACTIVITY:
PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING;
TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE,
IMPLEMENTATION
C) BASIS of KFH:
PROPERTY COMPLEX,
LAND PLOT,
SLAVE. POWER
D) KFH and LPH
E) TYPES OF KFH (livestock:
POULTRY;
BEEKEEPING;
FISH FARMING;
FARMING
PLANT PRODUCTION:
VEGETABLE;
GARDENING;
VITICULTURE;
GRAIN GROWING;
MUSHROOM
E) TYPES OF KFH:
KHUTORSKOYE,
bran,
BULK COMMODITY,
SELENCHESKOE
G) POWERS AND BENEFITS OF THE HEAD
KFH
(personal income tax,
TAX
ON THE
PROPERTY, VAT)
H) DOCUMENTS FOR REGISTRATION
KFH
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
BUSINESS
economic
activity,
directed
on the
systematic
receiving
arrived
from
production
and
sale of goods, provision of services,
performance of work
any kind of activity in the field
social production,
income-generating or other
personal gain
ESSENCE
REFERENCES
ACTIVITIES
BASIS OF DOING BUSINESS - MODEL
OWN
DEVELOPED
MODEL
WAY
IMPLEMENTATIONS
NEW IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS.
ENGAGED IN
RELEASE
INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS
THE FOUNDATION
REFERENCES
CURRENTLY EXISTING
MODEL,
SOFTWARE PRODUCTS ARE PRODUCED
READY
TEMPLATE
OR
SLIGHTLY
CHANGED
OR
ADDED.
DEGREE OF RISK
HIGH, T.K. MAY BE
FAIL OR SUCCESS ASSOCIATED
WITH THE MARKET INTRODUCTION OF THE NEW
PRODUCTS,
SERVICES
OR
EQUIPMENT
THE RISK IS MUCH LESS T.K.
TAKEN
PER
BASIS
MODEL
PROVEN
MY
VIABILITY
CONCEPTS
DEGREE
DEVELOPMENT
SMALL
AND
ENTERPRISES
AVERAGE
STATE ENTERPRISES
CORPORATION
AND TYPES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (BUSINESS)
PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
GOODS,
SERVICES
INFORMATION,
SPIRITUAL VALUES
COMMERCIAL
OPERATIONS AND TRANSACTIONS ON
RESALE
GOODS
AND
SERVICES NOT RELATED TO
PRODUCTION
FINANCIAL
VARIETY
COMMERCIAL.
AN OBJECT
PURCHASED
–SALES-MONEY,
CURRENCY, SECURITIES
INTERMEDIATE
ACTIVITY
ON
CONNECTION
STAKEHOLDERS IN
MUTUAL DEAL
INSURANCE
RECEIVING
INSURANCE
CONTRIBUTION
ONLY
AT
OFFENSIVE
INSURANCE
CASE FACTORS OF SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURSHIP (BUSINESS)
PRIVATIZATION
NATIONALIZATION
IMPLEMENTATION
STATE
PRIVATE
SALES
PROPERTY
V
PROCESS OF ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY
STATE
REQUISITION
ILLEGAL PROPERTY ACQUISITION
GLOBALIZATION
PROCESS
ASSOCIATIONS
PARTICIPANTS
BUSINESS
CERTAIN
TERRITORIES
(REGION, COUNTRY, CONTINENT).
IMPROVEMENT
THE FOLLOWING PARTIES:
MODERNIZATION
BUSINESS
SO
ENERGY CONSUMPTION;
LONG TERM;
RELIABILITY;
WORK FORCE COSTS;
QUALITY OF MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS
DIVERSIFICATION
PRODUCTION PROCESS OF VARIOUS TYPES
GOODS AND PROVISION OF A SERIES OF SERVICES
CONVERGENCE
THE PROCESS OF REPLACING ONE RAW MATERIAL WITH ANOTHER,
ONE PROCESS TO ANOTHER, ETC. FACTORS: FUNCTIONS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (BUSINESS)
RESOURCE
GENERAL ECONOMIC
INNOVATIVE
SOCIAL
ORGANIZING
EFFICIENT
LIMITED,
RESOURCES
USAGE
HOW
SO
AND
REPRODUCIBLE
MAINTAINING THE ECONOMIC SITUATION IN
COUNTRY OR REGION
INVOLVING NEW IDEAS IN PRODUCTION,
DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FACTORS AND MEANS IN
ACHIEVING THE GOAL
EACH
CAPABLE
OWNER OF THE CASE
PERSONALITY
M.B.
DECISION ON THE ORGANIZATION OF PERSONAL
AFFAIRS
WITH
INTRODUCTION
INTERNAL
ENTREPRENEURSHIPS.
RESPONSIBILITY FOR
ENTREPRENEURIAL
CONTROL,
PER
CREATION
CERTAIN
BUSINESS STRUCTURES AND FOR
THE CHANGE
STRATEGIES
ACTIVITIES
OWNERS OF THIS COMPANY. ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
LEGAL ENTITIES
NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
HOUSEHOLD
PARTNERSHIPS(HT)
AND SOCIETY (HO)
HT
PRODUCTION
COOPERATIVES
(ARTEL)
XO C
LIMITED
RESPONSIBILITY
XO
FULL XT
HT ON VERA
(COMMANDITE)
XO C
ADDITIONAL
RESPONSIBILITY
JOINT STOCK
SOCIETY (JSC)
OPEN JSC
CLOSED JSC
STATE
AND MUNICIPAL
UNITARY
ENTERPRISES (SUE I
MUP)
ON THE RIGHT
HOUSEHOLD
REFERENCES
ON THE RIGHT
OPERATIONAL
MANAGEMENT
(FEDERAL
PUBLIC
COMPANY)
CONSUMER
COOPERATIVE (UNION,
PARTNERSHIP)
FUNDS
PUBLIC AND
RELIGIOUS
ORGANIZATIONS
INSTITUTIONS
ASSOCIATION OF YUL
(ASSOCIATIONS, UNIONS) FORMS OF BUSINESS
INDIVIDUAL
(SOLE)
OWNERSHIP
BENEFITS
PARTNERSHIP
(SOCIETY)
A) COMPLETE
LIMITATIONS
ALL
PROFIT
BELONGS
TO THE OWNER
AND
TAXED
INCOME TAX
COMPLETE FREEDOM OF ACTION
OPPORTUNITY
REALIZE
THEIR
ENTREPRENEURIAL ABILITY
INCREASED FINANCIAL RESOURCES
FIRMS
EASY TO APPROVE AND REGISTER
DISTRIBUTION
DUTIES
ON
COMPANY MANAGEMENT
FULL SOLE RESPONSIBILITY
ENTREPRENEUR
LIMITED CAPITAL
MINOR VOLUMES OF PRODUCTION AND
WIDE RANGE OF PRODUCTS
NEED
INDEPENDENT
COMPANY MANAGEMENT
NEED
REORGANIZATIONS
AND
RENEWAL
DOCUMENTS
V
AS A RESULT OF THE DEATH OR DEPARTURE OF ONE OF THE
PARTNERS
OPPORTUNITY
CONFLICTS
BETWEEN
PARTNERS
PARTNERS
CARRY
UNLIMITED
A RESPONSIBILITY
B)C
LIMITED
RESPONSIBILITY
PARTNERS
RISK
ONLY
CAPITAL,
WHICH THE
INVESTED IN THE COMPANY
TEM
THEY
PARTNERS,
WHOSE
A RESPONSIBILITY
LIMITED TO A PART OF THE INVESTED CAPITAL,
DO NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE MANAGEMENT
FIRMOY
NO PUBLIC REPORTING
CORPORATION
ACCUMULATION
SIGNIFICANT
CAPITAL
LIMITED
A RESPONSIBILITY
SHAREHOLDERS
STABILITY
FIRMS
AT
CHANGE
SHAREHOLDERS
POSSIBILITY TO USE LABOR
HIRED MANAGERS
SIGNIFICANT COSTS AND DIFFICULTIES IN
ORGANIZATION PROCESS
SIGNIFICANT RESTRICTIONS ON THE SIDE
STATES
POSSIBILITY OF ABUSE ON THE SIDE
SHAREHOLDERS
DOUBLE TAXATION (ON PROFIT
COMPANIES AND ON PERSONAL INCOME OF OWNERS) RULES AND PROCEDURE FOR OPENING AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP (BUSINESS) IN 2017
THE WHOLE PROCEDURE CAN BE SEPARATED
FOR 3 BASIC ACTIONS:
COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS FOR REGISTRATION WITH THE FTS;
SELECT THE TAX AUTHORITY THAT IS CLOSE TO YOUR LOCATION
RESIDENCE OF THE APPLICANT;
OBTAINING REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS. DOCUMENTS FOR OPENING ACCOUNT SOURCES OF FINANCING
FINANCING
– SELECTION
FUNDS
OR
RESOURCES
FOR
ACHIEVEMENT OF INTENDED GOALS
SOURCES
FINANCING
INTERNAL
SOURCES
FINANCING
–
FUNCTIONAL AND EXPECTED
CHANNELS
RECEIVING
FINANCIAL
RESOURCES,
A
ALSO
LIST
ECONOMIC
SUBJECTS,
PROVIDING THESE FINANCIAL
FACILITIES
ACCUMULATED PROFIT
DEPRECIATION
INCOME FROM
PROPERTY
EXTERNAL
BANK LOAN
INVESTMENTS
SALE OF BONDS,
SHARES
BUDGET RESOURCES SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
PROFIT = REVENUE-COSTS
NET PROFIT =
PROFIT-INCOME TAX
FUND
CONSUMPTION
40%
FUND
SAVINGS
50%
SPARE
FUND
10%INVESTMENT RESOURCES
MARKET
CAPITAL
SHARED
FINANCING
(SHARE ISSUANCE)
BUDGET
FINANCING
DIRECT
SUBSIDIES
DEBT
FINANCING
(EMISSION
BONDS)
INDIRECT
TAX
PRIVILEGES
(REDUCTIONS)
INVESTMENT
THIRD PARTIES
DIRECT AND
VENTURE
INVESTMENT
FRANCHISING
SUBVENTIONS
DONATIONS
WARRANTY
SECURITY
SPONSORSHIP
AND ETC
GUARANTEE
BY LOANS
SHARE (GER. AKTIE, NED. ACTIE, FROM
LAT. ACTIO - [INCLUDING OTHER] RIGHT
(TO SOMETHING) THAT COULD BE
SET UP
V
SUDE)
-
VALUABLE
PAPER EVIDENCE OF
INTRODUCTION TO EQUITY
JOINT STOCK
SOCIETIES
AND
GIVING THE RIGHT TO RECEIVING
PARTS
ARRIVED
V
VIDEO
DIVIDENDS.
BOND
(LAT.
OBLIGATIO
-
COMMITMENT;
ENG.
BOND
-
LONG-TERM, NOTE - RECEIPT) -
EMISSION
DEBT
VALUABLE
PAPER, WHICH OWNER HAS
RIGHT
RECEIVE
FROM
PERSONS,
HER
RELEASED
(of the ISSUER
BONDS), WITHIN THE AGREED TIME
HER
NOMINAL
PRICE
MONEY
OR
V
VIDEO
OTHER
PROPERTY EQUIVALENT
FRANCHA
JIZING
SUPPLY
(FROM (ENG.
LAT. FRANCHISE,
DOTATIO-"LICENSE",
-
GIFT,
SUBSIDY (FROM
LAT.SUBSIDIUM
HELP,
"PRIVILEGE"),
FRANCHISE (FR. FRANCHISE -
DONATION):
SUPPORT)
-
PAYMENTS TO CONSUMERS,
BENEFITS,
PRIVILEGE),
A COMMERCIAL
1.B
RUSSIAN
LEGISLATION
-
PROVIDED
PER
CHECK
CONCESSION
-
VIEW
RELATIONSHIPS
BETWEEN
INTERBUDGETARY
TRANSFERS,
STATE OR LOCAL
BUDGET,
MARKET
SUBJECTS,
WHEN
ONE SIDE
PROVIDED
ON THE
FREE OF CHARGE
AND
AS WELL AS PAYMENTS OF SPECIAL FUNDS FOR
(FRANCHA
Y
ZER)
TRANSMITS
ANOTHER
PARTY
NON-RETURNABLE
WITHOUT PERSONS,
ESTABLISHMENTS
LEGAL AND BASIS
PHYSICAL
LOCAL
(FRANCHA
YZI) FOR PAYMENT
(ROYALTY)
RIGHT TO
DIRECTIONS
(OR)
CONDITIONS
THEIR
AUTHORITIES, OTHER STATES.
DEFINITE
BUSINESS,
USING
USE VIEW
DEVELOPED BUSINESS MODEL OF ITS MANAGEMENT.
TWO TYPES OF SUBSIDIES:
IT
DEVELOPED FORM
LICENSING,
AT
2.
CASH
FACILITIES,
ALLOCATED
FROM
SUBSIDY
- INTERBUDGET
TRANSFER,
WHICH
ONE
SIDE
(FRANCHISER)
STATE
AND LOCAL
BUDGET
PROVIDED
V
PURPOSE
PROVIDES
ANOTHER
SIDE (FRANCHA
YZI)
FOR
RENDERING
FINANCIAL
SUPPORT
CO-FINANCING OF EXPENDITURE LIABILITIES
PAYABLE
THE RIGHT TO ACT FOR WHICH
OWN
UNLOSSING
DOWNLOADED ENTERPRISES,
BUDGET
name,
USING
COMMODITY
SIGNS
AND/OR
CASH
REVENUE
FROM
SALES
BRANDS
FRANCHISER.
PRODUCED
LESS FACILITIES,
COSTS
SUBSIDY
- PRODUCT
CASH
ON THE
PRODUCTION
AND
THIS
PROVIDED
FROM SALE
BUDGET
AND
PRODUCT,
DOWNLOAD
BUDGET
FOR
EXTRABUDGETARY
FUNDS FOR LEGAL
VENTURE
FINANCING
- FOR PERSONS
IT
COATINGS
GAP
THEIR BUDGET
INCOME AND
(NOT
BEING
LONG TERM
(5-7 BETWEEN
YEARS) HIGH RISK
EXPENSES.
INSTITUTIONS) PRIVATE
FOR INDIVIDUALS
INVESTMENTS
CAPITAL
V
JOINT STOCK
CAPITAL
AGAIN
CREATED
SUBVENTION
(FROM LAT.
SUBVENIRE
- "COME
ON THE
3.OPTIONAL
PAYMENTS
WORKER,
SMALL
HIGH-TECH
HELP")
-
VIEW
MONEY
BENEFITS
DISCLAIMED
LABOR
AGREEMENT
OR
PROMISING
COMPANIES
(OR
OKAY
ALREADY
LOCAL
BODIES
AUTHORITIES
SO
PARTIES
LEGISLATIVE ACT, YOURSELF
FOR EXAMPLE, DONATION
RECOMMENDED
STATES,
SPIN-OFF VENTURE
ON THE
FOR FOOD, FOR TRAVEL
TO THE PLACE OF WORK,
ENTERPRISES),
ORIENTED
DEFINITE
TERM
FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE; FOR
V
PAYMENTS FOR MINORS
CHILDREN.
DEVELOPMENT
AND
PRODUCTION
HIGH SCHOOL
DIFFERENCE FROM THE GRANT TO BE REFUNDED IN
PRODUCTS,
FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT
AND EXTENSIONS,
WITH
CASE
UNTARGETED
USES
OR
PURPOSE OF RECEIVING
FROM GROWTH
USES
DID NOT ARRIVE
INSTALLED
PREVIOUSLY
COSTS
NESTED
RESOURCES.
DATES. LOAN FINANCIAL RESOURCES
TRADITIONAL
BANKING
LENDING
REPLENISHMENT
negotiable
FUNDS
ACQUISITION
REAL ESTATE/ABOUT
EQUIPMENT AND D.R.
COMMERCIAL
LENDING
bill of exchange
LENDING
LEASING
FACTORING
FORFEITING
PROMOTIONAL LENDING IS A BORROWER LENDING
IN WHICH PROBLEMS ARE BORROWED FACILITIES.
LEASING (ENG. LEASING FROM ENG. TO LEASE - TO RENT) -
THIS IS A LONG TERM RENTAL PROPERTY WITH A SUBSEQUENT
RIGHT OF BUY.
FACTORING (ENGLISH "FACTOR" - AGENT, INTERMEDIARY) - THIS
COMPLEX OF FINANCIAL SERVICES FOR MANUFACTURERS AND
SUPPLIERS,
LEADING
TRADING
ACTIVITY
ON THE
TERMS OF DEFERRED PAYMENT
FORFAITING (FORFAITING, FROM FR. A FORFAIT - WHOLE,
GENERAL
SUM)
–
IT
FORM
PROVISIONS
OF INTERMEDIARY SERVICES BY ORGANIZATIONS (FORTFEITERS) ON
ACQUISITION OF RECEIVABLES IN FULL
VOLUME FROM THE CREDITOR (SUPPLIER, SELLER, EXPORTER),
THEREFORE, A MONETARY OBLIGATION TO PAY ARISES FROM
OF THE DEBTOR (BUYER, IMPORTER) TO THE INTERMEDIARY
(FORFATER).
CONSIGNMENT
BY OPEN
ACCOUNT
SEASONAL
CREDIT AND D.R.
CONSIGNMENT (LAT. CONSIGNATIO, ENG. CONSIGNMENT -
DOCUMENT,
WRITTEN
PROOF)
-
FORM
COMMISSION
SALES
GOODS,
AT
WHICH
HIS
THE OWNER (CONSIGNANT) TRANSFERS THE GOODS TO THE CONSIGNANT FOR
WAREHOUSE.
AT
THIS
PRODUCT
REMAINS
PROPERTY
EXHIBITOR UNTIL THE TIME OF ITS SALES. USUALLY,
IF THE GOODS ARE NOT SOLD FOR A LONG TIME (FOR EXAMPLE,
MORE THAN A YEAR), THEN IT IS RETURNED BACK TO THE EXHIBITOR FOR
HIS ACCOUNT. FORMS
SUBSIDIZING
EDUCATION
PROVISION
PREFERENTIAL LOANS
FREE PARTICIPATION
IN EXHIBITIONS AND
FAIRS
FREE
CONSULTATIONS
RENT OF PREMISES AND
EARTH
SUPPORT
SMALL BUSINESS
MARKET METHODS
LEASING
form
long-term
rent,
associated with the transfer
equipment,
transport
funds and other movable and
real estate
FACTORING
specialized
collection agencies
Money from debtors
client (industrial or
trading company) and its management
debt claims
FRANCHISING
system
sales
licenses
(franchises)
on the
use
technology and trademark
MARKETING
all management procedures FARMING
PEASANT
(FARM)
ECONOMY
(KFH)
-VIEW
ENTREPRENEURIAL
ACTIVITIES
V
RUSSIAN
FEDERATION DIRECTLY RELATED TO AGRICULTURE
DIRECTIONS
KFH ACTIVITIES
TOWARDS
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
BASIS KFH
CERTAIN
PROPERTY
COMPLEX
PRODUCTION AND
RECYCLING
TRANSPORTATION
STORAGE
IMPLEMENTATION
AVAILABILITY
LAND
PLOT,
PROVIDED
FOR THIS PURPOSE
PERSONS JOINTLY
LEADING
PEASANT
ECONOMY
Right to create
farming
farms have
capable
citizens
Russia,
foreign
citizens and persons
without citizenship. FARMING
PEASANT
FARMING
(KFH)
PURPOSE OF CREATION
FORM
ORGANIZATIONS
PRODUCTION
CHARACTER
ACTIVITIES
STATE
REGISTRATION
SALE OF PRODUCTS
PERSONAL UTILITY
ECONOMY
(LPH)
SATISFACTION
PERSONAL NEEDS
COMMERCIAL ECONOMY
NATURAL ECONOMY
ENTREPRENEURIAL
NON-BUSINESS
NOT REQUIRED
REQUIRED TYPES OF FARMING
TYPES OF FARM
FARMS FOR AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRIES
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ACTUALLY
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
(HERE ARE MEAT
AND DAIRY
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY);
POULTRY;
BEEKEEPING;
FISH FARMING;
FARMING.
PLANT PRODUCTION
VEGETABLE;
GARDENING;
VITICULTURE;
GRAIN GROWING;
MUSHROOM TYPES OF FARMING
FARM TYPES
FARMS
KHUTORSKOE
LOCATED
COMPACT.
ON ITS TERRITORY WITH
ZERO EVERYTHING IS BUILT
THE BUILDINGS.
IT
NOT
MOST
POPULAR
TYPE, BECAUSE HE REQUIRES
LARGE
INVESTMENT,
BUT IF FOR YOUR
ACTIVITIES
NOT
NEED A LOT OF SPACE
IT
SUITABLE
OPTION.
BRANCH
SHIFT METHOD. THIS
VIEW
MOST
DEMANDED
–
HERE
TIGHT
ACCOMMODATED
MANY DIFFERENT
BUILDINGS
TRUTH,
WILL NEED
MORE
LOGISTICS COSTS,
BUT
YOU
YOU CAN
COMBINE, FOR EXAMPLE,
SEVERAL
SPECIES
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY.
LARGE COMMODITY
SELENCHESKOE
ONGOING
ON THE
BASE
AGRICULTURAL
ORGANIZATIONS WHICH
CANNOT DEVELOP
OR
TURNED OUT
UNLOSSING.
ACQUISITION
SUCH
Plot
USUALLY
IMPLIES NOT DEMOLITION,
A
USAGE
PREVIOUS BUILDINGS,
AND
VIEW
ACTIVITIES
KFH WILL DEPEND ON
TOGO,
HOW
BEFORE
WORKED
ON THE
THIS
TERRITORIES.
DOCKS
WITH
SETTLEMENT.
LOGISTICS IS COST
CHEAPER, BUT ALSO A SET
SPECIES
ACTIVITIES
LIMITED
ENVIRONMENTAL
NORMS.
OTHERWISE
CONFLICTS
WITH
POPULATION
AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
SERVICES
WILL
OBSTRUCTE
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT. HEAD OF FARM
IS A PAYER
ONE
AGRICULTURAL
TAX
POWERS
ORGANIZES
ACTIVITY
FARMING
TAX BENEFITS
WITHOUT POWER OF ATTORNEY IS VALID FROM
THE NAME OF THE FARM, IN
VOLUME
NUMBER
IS
HIS
INTERESTS AND MAKES TRANSACTIONS;
ISSUES POWERS OF ATTORNEY
EMPLOYS IN
FARMING
EMPLOYEES AND THEIR DISMISSAL
ORGANIZES
REPORTING
FARMS
MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
AND
FARM
IMPLEMENTS
OTHER
DEFINED
AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
MEMBERS
FARM
HOUSEHOLD POWERS
released from duty
on payment
SUPPORT
STATES
GRANTS
TO CREATE
SUBSIDIES
personal income tax
(V
RELATIONSHIPS
INCOME,
RECEIVED FROM THE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
ACTIVITIES)
TAX ON PROPERTY OF INDIVIDUALS (IN
IN RESPECT OF THE PROPERTY USED
FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
BUSINESS ACTIVITIES)
NOT RECOGNIZED AS A VAT PAYER (FOR
EXCLUDING VAT PAYABLE
WHEN IMPORTING GOODS TO CUSTOMS
TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION) DOCUMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF KFH
NOTARIZED COPY OF PASSPORT
INDIVIDUAL REGISTERED AS
HEADS of KFH;
COPY OF CERTIFICATE OF ENTRY FOR TAX
ACCOUNT (TIN) OF A INDIVIDUAL REGISTERED IN
AS HEAD OF KFH
COPIES OF CERTIFICATES OF STATEMENT FOR TAX
ACCOUNT (TIN) OF MEMBERS OF KFH
COPIES OF PASSPORTS OF KFH MEMBERS
COPIES OF DOCUMENTS CONFIRMING RELATIONSHIP
(PROPERTIES) OF PERSONS WHO DESIRED TO CREATE A KFH.
A synopsis for students in grades 8-9 is presented. The material can be used in the final repetition, in preparation for the intermediate certification, for the OGE. A textbook for grade 8 was used, author Bogolyubov L.N., reference books of the authors Sinova I.V., Baranova P.A.
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Entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship – independent, initiative activity of people aimed at making a profit.
Profit - excess of proceeds from the sale of goods over the total cost of their manufacture and sale.
economic freedom,i.e. certain rights that guarantee the independence of decision-making on the search and choice of type, form and scope economic activity, methods of its implementation, the use of the produced product and the income received.
Business entities:
Individual - a person registered as an individual entrepreneur;
Legal entity - firms, enterprises, organizations.
Business objects:
1. Industrial activity (baking bread, sewing clothes, etc.);
2. Provision of services (hairdressing, electronics repair, dry cleaning, Passenger Transportation and etc.);
3. Trading activities (trade in products, clothing, furniture, household appliances and etc.);
4. Operations with securities (sale and purchase of shares of enterprises).
Business types : industrial, trade, financial, insurance, intermediary.
Business Forms
Entrepreneurship carried out without the involvement of hired labor is registered as an individual labor activity.
Individual entrepreneurs- entrepreneurs who independently, at their own peril and risk, carry out economic activities without establishing an enterprise. For example, they are the owners of small shops, shoe repair shops, cafes, etc.
Entrepreneurship involving employees must be registered as an enterprise (firm).
Firm – commercial organization acquiring factors of production in order to create and sell goods and receive profit on this basis.
The goal of the firm is to make profit and maximize it by satisfying the needs of society in necessary goods and services.
Under Russian law, firms are created on a voluntary basis, at the request of citizens, but entrepreneurial activity without registration (an official institution) is prohibited.
Situations: 1. Citizen K., owning a car, decided to use it to provide services to the population for the transportation of goods, passengers, delivery of products and other types of transport services. To register his activities, he submitted an application to the local administration and information about passport data. Obtaining permission to practice entrepreneurial activity, he was registered in tax office at the place of residence - entrepreneurship is registered as an individual labor activity
2. Citizen V. decided to become the owner of a company providing services related to the repair of apartments. He prepared the charter of the company, registered it with the authorized government agency– Ministry of the Russian Federation for taxes and fees, opened payment account in a bank and made a company seal, got registered with the tax office. To provide services to the population, he hired workers of various specialties (carpenter, electrician, plumber, etc.). Now you can start doing business on your own: plan work, set prices for various services, determine the amount and form of remuneration for employees, calculate costs and profits remaining after taxes, possible ways to use profits - as an individual enterprise, i.e. an independent economic subject.
For countries with a market economy, three organizational forms of entrepreneurship are characteristic: individual (private), partnership ( business partnership) and a corporation (joint stock company).
Individual enterprise- an enterprise owned and operated by one person (he is the sole owner, but has the right to hire other workers). He independently decides what, how and for whom to produce, solely manages the profit and bears full financial responsibility for the debts of the enterprise (in case of failure or ruin, he may lose not only the funds invested in the business, but also personal property - a house, a car, etc. ). Business people are attracted by a simple and cheap way of organizing a business, relatively complete freedom of action and independence in decision-making. Due to the ease of creation and management, this is the most common form of business. However, the entrepreneur is limited in the possibilities of increasing cash.
Partnership - this is a voluntary association of two or more people to organize their own business and work together. Participants combine their money, abilities and, managing the enterprise, bear collective responsibility for the results of its activities (Each one contributes an amount of money (contribution, share) to the authorized capital (fund) of the company, has rights and is liable depending on this share). Such a firm has more funds and, accordingly, more opportunities to increase the size of production than an individual enterprise. It has greater flexibility due to the combination of different abilities and talents of partners.
Joint-stock company- an enterprise owned by shareholders (shareholders) who bear the risk of losses only within the value of their shares. Financial opportunities joint stock company higher than other forms of business. By the number of participants and the size of the joint monetary resources exactly this large enterprise. It is the most expensive and difficult to organize, but it has great opportunities to increase funds and expand the scope of activities. It was this form of entrepreneurship that made it possible to pool the funds of many people on a voluntary basis and make it possible to implement such large projects as construction railways, construction of large factories.
Promotion - this is a security that testifies to the investment of capital in a joint-stock company and confirms the right to receive part of its profits.
DIVIDEND - part of profit joint-stock company distributed annually among shareholders in accordance with the number (amount) and type of shares they own.
Small business – an enterprise of any form of ownership, characterized by a limited number of employees and a small volume of output.
Maximum number of employees: in industry, construction and transport - 100 people; v agriculture and scientific and technical sphere - 60; v wholesale trade- 50; in retail and consumer services population - 30; in the implementation of other activities - 50 people.
Small business as a small business entityis a commercial organization, in the authorized capital of which the state, public and religious organizations have a stake, charitable foundations should not exceed 25%.
According to Russian legislation, small enterprises can be created in all sectors of the economy, in any form of ownership and engage in all types of economic activity.Small businesses also include individual entrepreneurs.
Farming- an association of citizens who jointly own property and carry out agricultural activities.
cooperative - an association of citizens for joint production activities based on their personal labor participation and the association of property share contributions by its participants.
Workshop : 1. What type of business do the following activities belong to: transportation of goods, granting a loan, purchasing a batch of computers, publishing newspapers and magazines, delivering fruit to a store, warranty repair of a washing machine, selling vegetables grown on their own plot.
2. Imagine that your friend creates an enterprise and personally invests 200 thousand rubles, and his friend - 50 thousand rubles. This means that a friend owns 80% of the authorized capital, and his friend - 20%. Having successfully sold their products and paid taxes, they received a profit of 400 thousand rubles. How and in what amount will the profits be distributed among them?
3. Define the form of entrepreneurship: A) In terms of the number of participants and the size of the combined financial resources, this is the largest enterprise. It is the most expensive and difficult to organize, but it has great opportunities to increase funds and expand the scope of activities. B) Voluntary association of two or more people to organize their own business and work together. Participants pool their money, abilities and, managing the enterprise, are collectively responsible for the results of its activities. C) An enterprise owned and operated by one person (he is the only owner, but has the right to hire other workers).
4) Insert blanks:Types of business:
...-one person owns and manages the business - the owner;
... - an association of two or more owners who contribute their funds to the enterprise, jointly conduct business and share profits;
…- the owners are the owners of the shares of the enterprise, who are liable for the obligations of the JSC only to the extent of the value of their shares; shareholders have the right to part of the income of the JSC, and some - to participate in the management of the JSC;
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1. Entrepreneurship and business a) concept b) Entrepreneurship functions: industrial, commercial, financial, mediation, insurance c) factors affecting the success of entrepreneurship: privatization, nationalization, propulsion, globalization, modernization, diversification, convergence d) entrepreneurship functions: resource , General Economic, Innovative, Social, Organizational E) Organizational-Direct Forms of Business: Classification: Commercial: Economic Partnerships (Full, Commandite), Society Joint-Stock Company: Open, Closed), Production Cooperatives, State and Municipal Unitary Enterprises (on the right of economic management , ON THE RIGHT OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT), NON-PROFIT: CONSUMER COOPERATIVE, FOUNDATIONS, PUBLIC AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS, INSTITUTIONS, ASSOCIATIONS OF JULS (ASSOCIATIONS, UNIONS) COMPARISON (PLUS AND MINUS) DOCUMENTS FOR STUDYING ET In the Federal Tax Service; CHOICE OF THE TAX AUTHORITY WHICH IS CLOSE TO THE APPLICANT'S RESIDENCE; OBTAINING REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS. 3. FINANCING A) CONCEPT B) CLASSIFICATION OF SOURCES OF BUSINESS FINANCING: SELF-FINANCING: OWN CAPITAL, ACCUMULATED NET PROFIT (CONCEPT, CLASSIFICATION); INVESTMENT RESOURCES: CAPITAL MARKET, BUDGET FUNDS (SUBSIDIES, DONATIONS, SUBVENTIONS), THIRD PARTY INVESTMENT (FRANCHISING); Borrowed financial resources (leasing, factoring, fortification, consignment) 4. Support for small business: State: subsidies, training, preferential lending, free participation in exhibitions and fairs Free consulting room rental and land market methods: leasing factoring franchising marketing 3. Farm : А) CONCEPT B) DIRECTIONS OF ACTIVITY: PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING; TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE, REALIZATION C) THE BASIS OF KFH: PROPERTY COMPLEX, LAND PLOT, SLAB. STRENGTH D) KFH AND LPH E) TYPES OF KFH (LIVESTOCK: POULTRY; BEE FARMING; FISH FARMING; FISHERRY PLANT: VEGETABLE; HORTICULTURE; VITICULTURE; GRAIN; MUSHROOM F) TYPES OF KFH: KHUTORSKOE, otrubnoye, large-scale, SELENCHESKOE G) (PIT, PROPERTY TAX, VAT) H) DOCUMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF KFH
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ENTREPRENEURSHIP OR BUSINESS ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUSINESS ESSENCE OF DOING BUSINESS THE BASIS OF DOING BUSINESS IS A MODEL OWN DEVELOPED BY IMPLEMENTING NEW IDEAS AND INNOVATIONS. IS ENGAGED IN RELEASE OF INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS THE BASIS OF DOING BUSINESS IS THE EXISTING MODEL; RISK IS HIGH, THERE CAN BE A FAIL OR SUCCESS ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF A NEW PRODUCTS, SERVICES OR EQUIPMENT TO THE MARKET THE RISK IS MUCH LESS, T.K. THE BASED MODEL PROVED ITS VIABILITY DEGREE OF DEVELOPMENT SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES STATE ENTERPRISES AND CORPORATION economic activity, aimed at the systematic receipt of profit from the production and sale of goods, the provision of services, the performance of work CONCEPTS any type of activity in the field of social production that generates income or other personal benefits
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TYPES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP (BUSINESS) MANUFACTURING PRODUCTION OF GOODS, SERVICES, INFORMATION, SPIRITUAL VALUES COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS AND TRANSACTIONS FOR RESALE OF GOODS AND SERVICES NOT RELATED TO PRODUCTION FINANCIAL VARIETY OF COMMERCIAL. OBJECT OF PURCHASE - SALES - MONEY, CURRENCY, SECURITIES
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Factors of successful entrepreneurship (business) Privatization Implementation of the sale of state ownership in private nationalization Process of acquiring property of ownership by the state Requision illegal acquisition of property Globalization The process of combining business participants in a certain territory (region, country, continent). MODERNIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF BUSINESS FROM THE FOLLOWING PARTIES: ENERGY COSTS; LONG TERM; RELIABILITY; WORK FORCE COSTS; QUALITY OF MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS DIVERSIFICATION THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING DIFFERENT TYPES OF GOODS AND THE PROVISION OF A SERIES OF SERVICES CONVERGENCE THE PROCESS OF REPLACING ONE RAW MATERIAL WITH ANOTHER, ONE PROCESS WITH ANOTHER, ETC. FACTORS:
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Entrepreneurship (business) functions Effective use of both limited and reproducible resource resource maintenance of the economic situation in the country or a certain region of general economic innovative use in the production of new ideas, the development of new factors and funds in achieving the goal of each capabilities of MB THE OWNER OF THE CASE SOCIAL DECISION-MAKING ON THE ORGANIZATION OF A PERSONAL CASE WITH THE INTRODUCTION OF INTRA-FIRM ENTERPRISES. RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENTREPRENEURIAL MANAGEMENT, FOR THE CREATION OF CERTAIN ENTREPRENEURIAL STRUCTURES, AS WELL AS FOR CHANGING THE STRATEGIES OF ACTIVITIES OF THE OWNERS OF THIS COMPANY. ORGANIZING
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Commercial organizations Economic partnerships (HT) and society (HO) Production cooperatives (Arteel) HT HO Full HT HT on faith (COMMANDITY) HO Limited liability Joint-stock company (AO) Ho with additional responsibility Open AO Closed JSC State and Municipal Unitary Enterprises ( SUE AND MUP) NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS ON THE RIGHT OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT ON THE RIGHT OF OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT (FEDERAL STATE ENTERPRISE) CONSUMER COOPERATIVE (UNION, PARTNERSHIP) FOUNDATIONS PUBLIC AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS INSTITUTIONS ASSOCIATION OF LEGAL LEGAL ENTITIES (ASSOCIATIONS, UNIONS) LEGAL ENTITIES ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
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Business Forms Benefits Disadvantages Individual (sole) Ownership Easily approve and register All profits belongs to the owner and is subject to income tax full of freedom of action. Ability to realize their entrepreneurial abilities Complete sole responsibility of the entrepreneur Limit of capital Minor production volumes and a wide range of products The need for independent management of the company Affilience (Society) The increase in the financial resources of the company it is easy to approve and register the distribution of responsibilities for managing the need to reorganize and re-issuing documents as a result of death or departure of one of the partners The possibility of conflicts between partners partners carry unlimited liability a) Full b) with limited liability partners INVESTED IN THE FIRM PARTNERS WHOSE LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO A PART OF THE INVESTED CAPITAL DO NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE UP Rowance of the company lack of public reporting Corporation Accumulation of significant capital limited liability of shareholders Stability of the company When changing the owners of shares The possibility of working the labor of hired managers. Significant costs and difficulties in the process of organization. ON PERSONAL INCOME OF OWNERS)
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RULES AND PROCEDURES FOR OPENING AN ENTREPRENEURSHIP (BUSINESS) IN 2017 THE WHOLE PROCEDURE CAN BE DIVIDED INTO 3 MAIN ACTIONS: COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS FOR REGISTRATION WITH THE FTS; CHOICE OF THE TAX AUTHORITY WHICH IS CLOSE TO THE APPLICANT'S RESIDENCE; OBTAINING REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS.
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Sources of financing sources of financing Financing - Employment of funds or resources to achieve the intended sources of funding - functioning and expected channels for obtaining financial resources, as well as a list of economic entities providing these financial resources internal external accumulated profit Depreciation revenues from property bank loan investments for sale bonds, shares BUDGET RESOURCES
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PROFIT = REVENUE-COSTS NET PROFIT = PROFIT-INCOME TAX CONSUMPTION FUND 40% SAVINGS FUND 50% RESERVE FUND 10% SOURCES OF FINANCING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES
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Investment Resources Capital Market Budget Financing Investing Third Parties Share Financing (Shares Emission) Debt Financing (Bond Emission) Dotations Guarantee on loans Sponsorship and D.R Direct Subvention Subsidia Indirect Tax Benefits (deductions) Warranty provision Direct and venture investment Franchise Franchising (English. FRANCHISE, "LICENSE", "PRIVILEGE"), FRANCHISE (FR. FRANCHISE - BENEFITS, PRIVILEGE), COMMERCIAL CONCESSION - TYPE OF RELATIONS BETWEEN MARKET SUBJECTS, WHEN ONE PARTY (FRANCHISER) TRANSFERS TO ANOTHER PARTY (FRANCHISER) A CERTAIN TYPE OF BUSINESS USING THE DEVELOPED BUSINESS MODEL OF ITS OPERATION. THIS IS A DEVELOPED FORM OF LICENSING IN WHICH ONE PARTY (FRANCHISER) GIVES THE OTHER PARTY (FRANCHISE) THE RIGHT TO ACT ON ITS OWN BEHALF, USING THE FRANCHISER'S TRADEMARKS AND/OR BRANDS. Venture financing is long-term (5-7 years) high-profile private capital investments in the share capital of newly created small high-tech promising companies (or well-proven venture enterprises) focused on the development and production of high-tech products, for their development and expansion, with a view to RECEIVING PROFIT FROM THE GROWTH OF THE COST OF INVESTED FUNDS. Dotation (from Lat. Dotatio - Dar, Donation): In Russian legislation - Interbudgetary transfers provided on a gratuitous and irretrievable basis without establishing areas and (or) conditions for their use 2. Cash allocated from state and local budgets to provide financial support LOSS-GOING ENTERPRISES WHERE THE CASH REVENUE FROM THE SALES OF THE PRODUCTS PRODUCED IS LESS THAN THE COSTS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND SALES OF THIS PRODUCT, LOWER BUDGETS TO COVER THE GAP BETWEEN THEIR INCOMES AND EXPENSES. 3. ADDITIONAL PAYMENTS TO THE EMPLOYEE UNDER AN EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT OR LEGISLATIVE ACT, FOR EXAMPLE, DONATION FOR FOOD, FOR TRAVEL TO THE PLACE OF WORK, PAYMENTS FOR MINOR CHILDREN. SUBSIDIUM (LAT. SUBSIDIUM - ASSISTANCE, SUPPORT) - PAYMENTS TO CONSUMERS PROVIDED AT THE Expense OF THE STATE OR LOCAL BUDGET, AS WELL AS PAYMENTS OF SPECIAL FUNDS FOR LEGAL ENTITIES AND INDIVIDUALS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, OTHER STATES. Two types of subsidies: Subsidy - Intergovernmental Transfer, provided to co-finance expenditure obligations of the lower budget subsidy - cash provided from budgets and extrabudgetary funds to legal entities (non-budgetary institutions) and individuals Subvention (from LAT. SUBVENIRE - "COMING FOR HELP") - A TYPE OF CASH BENEFITS TO LOCAL AUTHORITIES FROM THE STATE, ALLOCATED TO DEFINITE TIME FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE; UNLIKE THE GRANT, THEY ARE REFUNDABLE IN THE EVENT OF MISUSE OR USE OUTSIDE THE PREVIOUSLY STATED DATES. SHARE (GER. AKTIE, NED. ACTIE, FROM LAT. ACTIO - [INCLUDING OTHER] THE RIGHT (TO SOMETHING THAT CAN BE DEFENDED IN THE COURT) - A SECURITY EVIDENCE OF THE INVESTMENT IN THE CAPITAL OF A JOINT-STOCK COMPANY AND GIVING THE RIGHT TO RECEIVE A PART OF PROFIT IN THE FORM OF DIVIDENDS. Bond (lat. Obligatio - obligation; English. Bond - long-term, Note - a receipt) - Emisy debtive paper, the owner of which has the right to receive from the person who released it (issuer of bonds), in the agreed period its nominal value with money or in the form of another PROPERTY EQUIVALENT
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BORROWED FINANCIAL RESOURCES TRADITIONAL BANK LENDING REPLENISHMENT OF WORKING ASSETS ACQUISITION OF REAL ESTATE/EQUIPMENT Etc. COMMERCIAL LENDING LEASING PROMOTIONAL LOANS FACTORING FORFEITING CONSIGNMENT ON OPEN ACCOUNT SEASONAL LOAN ETC. PROMO LOAN IS A BORROWER LOAN IN WHICH THE LOAN IS PROmissory Notes. LEASING (ENG. LEASING FROM ENG. TO LEASE - TO LEASE) IS A LONG-TERM RENTAL OF PROPERTY WITH A SUBSEQUENT REQUEST. Factoring (English ORGANIZATIONS (FORFAITERS) FOR THE ACQUISITION OF RECEIVABLES IN THE FULL AMOUNT FROM THE CREDITOR (SUPPLIER, SELLER, EXPORTER), AND THE DEBTOR (BUYER, IMPORTER) TO THE INTERMEDIARY (FORFEINER) OBLIGATIONS TO PAY CONSIGNMENT (LAT. CONSIGNATIO, ENG. CONSIGNMENT - DOCUMENT, WRITTEN EVIDENCE) - A FORM OF THE COMMISSION SALE OF GOODS IN WHICH ITS OWNER (CONSIGNANT) TRANSFERS THE GOODS TO THE WAREHOUSE TO THE CONSIGNATOR. THE GOODS REMAIN THE OWNERSHIP OF THE CONSIGNER UNTIL THE TIME OF ITS SALES. AS A RULE, IF THE GOODS ARE NOT SOLD FOR A LONG TIME (FOR MORE THAN A YEAR), THEN IT IS RETURNED BACK TO THE EXSIGNER AT HIS EXPENSE.
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SUPPORT FOR SMALL BUSINESS SUBSIDIZING TRAINING PROVISION OF PREFERENTIAL LOANS FREE PARTICIPATION IN EXHIBITIONS AND FAIRS FREE CONSULTATIONS RENT OF PREMISES AND LAND FORMS OF MARKET METHODS LEASING A form of long-term lease associated with the transfer of equipment for use, Vehicle and other movable and immovable property FACTORING activities of a specialized institution related to the collection of funds from the debtors of its client (an industrial or trading company) and the management of its debt claims FRANCHISING a system for selling licenses (franchises) for the use of technology and a trademark MARKETING all management procedures
According to Article 34 of the Constitution Russian Federation, every citizen of Russia has the right to freely use his abilities and property for entrepreneurial and other economic activities not prohibited by law.
Article 2 Civil Code Russian Federation characterizes entrepreneurial activity as an independent activity carried out at one's own risk, aimed at the systematic receipt of profit from the use of property, the sale of goods, the performance of services by persons registered in this capacity in the manner prescribed by law.
The main subject that implements entrepreneurial activity in practice is an entrepreneur who is systematically engaged in this activity on a professional basis.
Entrepreneurial activity can be carried out in individual, as well as in collective form, as with creating legal entity, and without his education.
Citizens can engage in entrepreneurial activities without education legal entity since state registration as an individual entrepreneur.
The entrepreneur bears full property liability, that is, he is liable for his obligations with all his property, with the exception of some things that, in accordance with the law, cannot be withdrawn from him.
To organize a larger business, it is necessary to unite people and capital. Such organizations are assigned the status of a legal entity.
Money.
Money- this is a special product that performs the role of a universal equivalent in the exchange of goods.
Modern Western economists, as a rule, distinguish three money functions: measure of value, medium of exchange and store of value. According to them, the functions of a medium of circulation and a means of payment are one and the same. World money is not singled out as a separate function, since money can perform any function in the world market.
Paper money- these are banknotes that have no value and replace full-fledged gold money in the function of a medium of circulation.
Coin- This is an ingot of metal of a special shape and sample.
loan money- these are debt obligations, the appearance of which is associated with the development of credit relations.
Receipt- a written order of the person who has a current account on the payment by the bank of a sum of money or its transfer to another account.
bill of exchange- a written promissory note, which indicates the amount of money and the timing of its payment by the debtor. It is in circulation as money.
Banknotes- Bank notes - bank notes issued into circulation by central issuing banks. Banknotes differ from paper money in that they have double security - credit (commercial bill) and metal (gold reserves of the bank); are issued not by the state, but by the central issuing bank; function as a means of payment.
Electronic money is a system of non-cash payments made through the use of electronic technology, covering banks, enterprises retail, household services etc. Smart cards have appeared, which are an electronic check book.
Money manifests itself through its functions. Typically, there are such functions of money as:
The measure of value. Dissimilar goods are equated and exchanged among themselves on the basis of price (the exchange rate, the value of these goods, expressed in the amount of money). The price of a commodity performs the same measuring role as in geometry the length of segments, in physics the weight of bodies. Measurements do not require a thorough knowledge of what space or mass is, it is enough to be able to compare the desired value with the standard. The monetary unit is the standard for goods.
Recourse tool. Money is used as an intermediary in the circulation of goods. For this function, the ease and speed with which money can be exchanged for any other commodity (an indicator of liquidity) is extremely important. When using money, the commodity producer gets the opportunity, for example, to sell his product today, and buy raw materials only in a day, week, month, etc. At the same time, he can sell his product in one place, and buy the product he needs in a completely different one. Thus, money as a medium of circulation overcomes temporal and spatial restrictions in exchange.
Instrument of payment. The money is used to register debts and pay them. This function gets its own value for situations of unstable commodity prices. For example, a product was bought on credit. The amount of the debt is expressed in money, and not in the quantity of goods purchased. Subsequent changes in the price of goods no longer affect the amount of debt that must be paid in cash. This function is also performed by money in monetary relations with financial authorities. A similar role is played by money when it expresses any economic indicators.
A means of accumulation. Money accumulated but not used allows purchasing power to be transferred from the present to the future. The function of a store of value is performed by money that is temporarily not involved in circulation. However, it should be borne in mind that the purchasing power of money depends on inflation.
World money. Foreign trade relations, international loans, the provision of services to an external partner caused the emergence of world money. They function as a universal means of payment, a universal means of purchase, and a universal materialization of social wealth.
"Economics: science and economy" - Exercise. Economy: science and economy. Skill. Performance. Economics is art. Why study economics. Economic science. Economy. Supermacroeconomics. GDP is used as an indicator that determines the level of income. Volume of production. Gross domestic product.
"Economics and production" - Percent. The main types of resources of the economy. Income from factors of production. Exchange. What is the economy made of. Needs. Profit. Non-reproducible resources. The main types of resources of the economy. Firms. Production. Relationships of people. Informational resources. Labor ( human resources). Citizens. What is economic science?
"Economic culture" - An important manifestation of economic culture. Determination. Consumer. What is the place and role of the economy in the life of society? The level of economic culture of the individual. Motives. They include: property relations, exchange of activities, distribution of goods and services. Personality qualities. Communication of economic culture and activity.
"Main Problems of Economics" - Introduction to Economics. Assumptions of the CPV model. Production Possibility Curve. Fundamental issues economy. Quantity. Need. Economic science. Good. The subject is the relations that arise in the production process. KPV model. An increase in opportunity costs. Opportunity cost estimation.
"Principles of Economics" - The economic process. The production possibilities frontier. Production. Relative limited resources. Economics is a science that studies ways to meet needs. Limited resources. Friedrich von Wieser. Alternative cost. economic problem. factors of production. Principles of Economics.
"Relations in the economy" - Let's see what is created by people. Capital market: The goods are securities, currency. distribution relationships. The economic laws of supply and demand operate in the market mechanism. If there are few specialists in the required profession, then the salary increases several times.
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