Presentations about Russian culture for MHC lessons
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Presentations about Russian culture
list of all presentations on Russian culture in the form of a table| Title of the presentation | author | Slides | Words | Sounds | effects | Time | Download |
| Russian culture | Elena | 30 | 1871 | 0 | 63 | 00:00 | 6,881 kB |
| user | 25 | 1004 | 0 | 4 | 00:00 | 6 188 kB | |
| Development of culture in Russia | I | 15 | 435 | 0 | 0 | 00:00 | 74 kB |
| Spiritual values of Russia | xxx | 48 | 287 | 0 | 3 | 00:00 | 3 495 kB |
| Comp | 12 | 721 | 0 | 0 | 00:00 | 979 kB | |
| Russian fair | Home | 30 | 657 | 1 | 2 | 00:00 | 3 882 kB |
| Total: 6 presentations | 160 | 00:00 | 21 MB |
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Presentations about Russian culture
Russian culture
Slides: 30 Words: 1871 Sounds: 0 Effects: 63Introducing preschoolers to Russian national culture. Problem questions. Folk holidays. Christmas. Kolyada. "Christmas night". Christmas time. Pancake week. Monday - "Meeting", Tuesday - "Tricks", Wednesday - "Gourmet". The first sign of Maslenitsa is pancakes. Pancake mania. Ay, carnival, deceiver. Larks - stoneflies. Lark, lark. Potato larks. Easter. History of Russian folk clothes. Men's clothing. Russian shirt. - Russian culture.ppt
European North in Russian culture
Slides: 25 Words: 1004 Sounds: 0 Effects: 4Role of the European North. Settlers from the Novgorod lands. Architectural "pearls" of Russia. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery. Monastery. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky Monastery. Solovetsky Monastery. Artistic crafts. The beginning of the fishery. Kargopolskaya clay toy. Feature of the Kargopol toy. Shemogod birch carving. Traditional plant motif. Bone carving. Bone shape. Pride of the North. Wonder of wooden architecture. Transfiguration Cathedral. The church was built without a single nail. European North. - European North in Russian culture.pptx
Development of culture in Russia
Slides: 15 Words: 435 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Economics of sociocultural activity. Fundamentals of cultural development modern Russia. Property relations in the sphere of culture. The emergence of various forms of ownership. Claims of various classes. Manifestation of ownership. Groups of cultural values. Satisfaction of guaranteed norms of service consumption. Cultural values. Can be divided. Group of cultural values. Privatization of state property. Creation of new enterprises. - Development of culture in Russia.ppt
Spiritual values of Russia
Slides: 48 Words: 287 Sounds: 0 Effects: 3LESSON No. 1 Topic: "Russia is our MOTHERLAND" Type of lesson: learning new material. Russia is our motherland. Purpose: to promote the formation of interest in the new subject "Fundamentals of Orthodox Culture". Lesson objectives. Development of interest in the history of Russia. Consider the religious composition of the population of Russia, the main religions professed by the inhabitants of the country. Education worthy citizens of their country. Venue: classroom. Lesson progress: WORK WITH WORDS: - traditions - spiritual traditions - values. Spiritual traditions are values, ideals, life experience passed down from one generation to another. - Spiritual values of Russia.ppt
Russian decorative art
Slides: 12 Words: 721 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Decorative art of Russia IX - early XX century. Art of the IX - the first half of the XIII century. Art of the XIV - XV centuries. Woodcarving. Yakov Firsov. Ludogoschensky cross. 1359 Fragment. Novgorod. Salary of the Gospel of the boyar Fyodor Andreevich Koshka in 1392. The rise of culture after the overthrow of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. They sewed mostly in satin stitch, reproducing the work of icon painters. Art of the late XV - XVI century. Moscow becomes the capital of a mighty power. The heyday of Russian architecture. Construction of Moscow, temples. The highest flourishing of the art of ornamental wood and stone carving. - Russian decorative art.ppt
Russian fair
Slides: 30 Words: 657 Sounds: 1 Effects: 2Russian fair. Russian people. We welcome guests. We will meet guests with bread and salt. Fair. Fair entertainment. Fair and festivities. Pleasure towns. Praise for the craft. Merchandise stalls. Music. Carousel "grandfather". Buffoons. Parsley. Trade caller. Jokes. Paintings. -
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Foreword
Hello! My name is Anna Shchadrina, I am the author of this presentation. It is designed to study the history of Russian culture and prepare for the exam. All material is organized into sections, which contain only necessary information to succeed in exams. To create a presentation, I used the book by R. V. Pazin “History of the Development of Russian Culture”. Very handy tool, I advise you to buy it. It also contains a set of tests to prepare for the exam. Good luck!
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The culture of the Eastern Slavs and Kievan Rus in the VI-XI centuries. Culture of the Russian lands of the XII - the first half of the XIII centuries. Russian culture of the second half of the XIII - XV centuries. Culture of Russia in the 16th century. Russian culture of the 17th century. Culture of Russia in the first half of the 18th century. Culture of Russia in the second half of the 18th century. Culture of Russia in the first half of the 19th century. Russian culture of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries. END SHOW
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Cultural transformations in Russia in the 1920s. Cultural development of the USSR in the 1930s. Culture of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period (1945-1953) Culture during the “thaw” (1953-1964) Culture of the USSR in 1964-1985. Public and cultural life in the USSR in 1985-1991. Culture of Russia in the 1990s - early XXI in. END SHOW
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Culture of the Eastern Slavs and Kievan Rus in the VI-XI centuries.
The main point in the development of Russian culture is the formation of statehood. From that moment on, Russia has: Religion Literature Architecture Painting: frescoes, mosaics, icons. TO CONTENTS
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Religion in the VI-XI centuries.
The ancient Slavs were pagans. The most important gods were: Perun - the god of thunder and war Veles - the patron of cattle breeding Mokosh, who protected the economy Simargl - the god of the underworld Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich tried to strengthen the pagan faith, and with it his princely power. But his actions made little difference. In 988, he introduced Christianity, which laid the foundation for the unity of the state.
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Literature in the VI-XI centuries.
The Cyrillic alphabet, the first in Russia, was invented by the brothers Cyril and Methodius. Together with writing, translations of Greek works came, as the Bible Metropolitan Hilarion wrote the “Word of Law and Grace” The first library appeared under Yaroslav the Wise at the Kiev St. Sophia Cathedral
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Architecture in the VI-XI centuries.
Church of the Tithes (Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin), 996 St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, 1037 Golden Gate in Kyiv cross-domed type of church Vladimir I Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav the Wise
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Culture of the Russian lands of the XII - the first half of the XIII centuries.
In XII, the development of new cultural centers began due to the isolation from Kyiv of the most developed lands, which became independent volosts. Literature: 1113 - "The Tale of Bygone Years" by Nestor; "Charter" and "Instruction for Children" by Vladimir Monomakh; 1185 - "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"; “Word” by Daniil Zatochnik Architecture TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Architecture of the XII-first half of the XIII centuries.
St. George's Cathedral in St. George's Monastery (master Peter) Church of the Savior-Nereditsa near Novgorod Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir, 1160 Golden Gates in Vladimir Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, 1165 Dmitrovsky Cathedral in Vladimir temples were built from local limestone Mstislav the Great Andrey Bogolyubsky Vsevolod the Big Nest Andrey Bogolyubsky Andrey Bogolyubsky
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Russian culture of the second half of the XIII - XV centuries.
The Mongol-Tatar invasion caused serious damage to Russian culture. However, the tradition did not stop. It is hardly possible to speak of any influence of Mongolian culture on Russian. Religion Literature Architecture Iconography
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Religion of the second half of the XIII - XV centuries.
In the 15th century, heresies spread and religious disputes intensified. Ideological confrontation Josephites (Joseph Volotsky) - monasteries and churches should have large possessions and use the labor of peasants working on the land Non-possessors (Nil Sorsky) - monks should live by their work, their main task is spiritual self-improvement
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Literature of the second half of the XIII - XV centuries.
“A word about the destruction of the Russian land” - a short preface to “The Life of Alexander Nevsky” “Zadonshchina” - a poetic work, a response to the Battle of Kulikovo, created by the Ryazan boyar Sofony “Journey beyond three seas” by the Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin
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Architecture of the second half of the XIII - XV centuries.
Assumption Cathedral in Moscow (Firovanti) Archangel Cathedral in Moscow (Aleviz Novy) Annunciation Cathedral in Moscow Bell tower of Ivan the Great/John of the Ladder (Bon Fryazin) Faceted Chamber (Mark Ruffo, P. Solari) the first monumental buildings Ivan III Vasily III Ivan III Ivan III Vasily III
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Iconography of the second half of the XIII - XV centuries.
Savior the Almighty - painting of the dome of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior on Ilyin Street in Novgorod (Feofan the Greek) Trinity (Andrey Rublev) Protection of the Virgin - painting in the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin of the Ferapontov Monastery (Dionysius)
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Culture of Russia in the 16th century.
The unification of the lands around Moscow was completed, which caused transformations in the social, political and cultural structure of Russian society. Literature: 1553 - the first printing house in Moscow 1563 - Print Yard(I. Fedorov) 1564 – the first book “Apostle” (I. Fedorov, P. Mstislavets) “Cheti-Minei” (Archbishop Macarius) “Domostroy” (Priest Sylvester) Architecture TABLE OF CONTENTS
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16th century architecture
Assumption Cathedral of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery (lavra) Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye Intercession Cathedral on the Moat (St. Basil's Cathedral) (Barmai Postnik) Tsar Cannon (A. Chokhov) new design of the temple - tent Vasily III Ivan IV Fyodor Ivanovich
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Russian culture of the 17th century.
VII century, being the period rapid development ancient Russian culture, at the same time would be the century of its completion. Russia stood on the threshold of the New Age. In culture, trends stand out: the influence of the West and the liberation from the domination of the church. Religion Literature: “The Tale of the Shemyakin Court”, poems by Simeon of Polotsk, “The Life of the Archpriest Avaakum” Architecture Icon painting Education: in 1687 the first higher education was opened educational institution in Moscow - the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy (the Likhud brothers), where they studied Greek grammar, poetics, rhetoric and philosophy. TO CONTENTS
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Religion in the 17th century
Schism is one of the significant events in the life of the Russian Church. Ideological confrontation Circle of zealots of piety / Nikonians (Patriarch Nikon) - the Greek texts of the Old Believers (Archpriest Avaakum) should be taken as a model, not Greek, but Old Russian books
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17th century architecture
Church of the Intercession in Fili Kizhi Pogost Ensemble Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin Terem Palace (Ogurtsov, Ushakov, Konstantinov) Wooden Palace in Kolomenskoye new style - Naryshkin baroque Peter I Mikhail Fedorovich Alexei Mikhailovich
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Iconography of the 17th century
Icon of the Savior Not Made by Hands (Simon Ushakov) Parsun depicting M.V. Skopin-Shuisky Parsun with the image of Ivan the Terrible the emergence of a portrait - parsun
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Culture of Russia in the first half of the 18th century.
The era of Peter I (1672-1725) was a turning point in the history of Russia. Sympathy for the Western way of life and way of life had a great influence on the nature of the Petrine reforms. Literature Architecture Painting Sculpture Education: School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences; Artillery school; Medical Academy; School of Engineering; 1716 - Digital schools; 1725 - Academy of Sciences
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Literature of the first half of the XVIII century.
From the end of 1702, the first printed newspaper began to be published - Vedomosti 1703 - Arithmetika -L. Magnitsky In 1717, a special manual was published, a collection of rules of conduct in society and at home called “Youth's Honest Mirror” of Peter I “Spiritual Regulations” - Feofan Prokopovich “The Book of Scarcity and Wealth” - I.T. Pososhkov
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Architecture of the first half of the XVIII century.
Peter and Paul Cathedral (Trezzini) Building of the Twelve Collegia (Trezzini, Domenico) Menshikov Palace in St. Petersburg (G. Fontana) emergence of regular urban development Peter I Peter I Peter I
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by Shchadrina Anna 05/08/1998 Painting of the first half of the 18th century. Portrait of Chancellor G.I. Golovkina (I.N. Nikitin) Self-portrait with his wife (A.M. Matveev) Panorama of St. Petersburg (A. Zubov) engravings are popular
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Sculpture of the first half of the 18th century. Bust of Peter I (K. Rastrelli) Empress Anna Ioannovna with a black child (K. Rastrelli)
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Culture of Russia in the second half of the 18th century.
By the middle of the century, Peter's innovations had already taken root in Russian soil. Literature Architecture Painting Sculpture Education: in each provincial town, main schools with four classes were established; 1764 - Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens; 1755 - Moscow University (through the efforts of M.V. Lomonosov, I.I. Shuvalov) Science of the Enlightenment CONTENTS
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Literature of the second half of the XVIII century.
The humorous magazine “Vssakaya Vsyachina” by Catherine II, dedicated to wastefulness, female inconstancy, etc. Journal "Truten"N. Novikov, where the author scoffs at the Empress's magazine -> closed -> magazine "Painter", ten volumes of "Ancient Russian Vivliofika" Three directions: classicism: ode "Liberty", "Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow" by A. Radishchev; A. Kantemir, V. Trediakovsky, M.V. Lomonosov, G.Derzhavin, A.P. Sumarokov is the creator of tragedy and comedy. Karamzin
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Architecture of the second half of the XVIII century.
the formation of Russian baroque, the heyday of classicism The Great Peterhof Palace (F. Rastrelli) The Catherine Palace in Tsarskoe Selo (F. Rastrelli) The Winter Palace (F. Rastrelli) Elizabeth Petrovna Catherine II Elizabeth Petrovna
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the formation of Russian baroque, the flowering of classicism Smolny Cathedral (F. Rastrelli) The bell tower of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra (D. Ukhtomsky) St. Nicholas Naval Cathedral in St. Petersburg (S. Chevakinsky) Elizabeth Petrovna Catherine II Catherine II
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the formation of Russian baroque, the heyday of classicism St. Petersburg Academy of Arts (A. Kokorinov, J. Vallin-Delamot) Pashkov House (A. Bazhenov) Senate building in the Kremlin (M. Kazakov) Golitsyn Hospital (M. Kazakov) Smolny Institute (D. Quarenghi) Elizabeth Petrovna Catherine II
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the formation of Russian baroque, the heyday of classicism Marble Palace (A. Rinaldi) Tauride Palace (I. Starov) Academy of Sciences (D. Quarenghi) Catherine II Catherine II
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Painting of the second half of the XVIII century.
the formation of Russian baroque, the flowering of classicism Portrait of Catherine II (F. Rokotov) Portrait of A.P. Struiskoy (F. Rokotov) Portrait of D.G. Demidova (D. Levitsky) Catherine II Legislator (D. Levitsky)
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the formation of Russian baroque, the heyday of classicism Portrait of Prince A. Kurakin (V. Borovikovsky) Portrait of M. Lopukhina (V. Borovikovsky) Vladimir and Rogneda (A. Losenko) View in the vicinity of Staraya Russa (S. Shchedrin)
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Sculpture of the second half of the XVIII century.
Bust of Prince Golitsyn (F. Shubin) Bust of M.V. Lomonosov (F. Shubin) Monument to A. Suvorov (M. Kozlovsky) Samson tearing the mouth of a lion (M. Kozlovsky) The Bronze Horseman (E. Falcone)
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Science of the second half of the XVIII century.
M.V. Lomonosov in various fields: in physics, chemistry, astronomy, history, philology Among the foreign scientists who worked in Russia, L. Euler stands out. research work in different industries I.I. Polzunov - universal steam engine I.P. Kulibin is the author of numerous inventions
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Culture of Russia in the first half of the 19th century.
XIX was characterized by the expansion of cultural interaction with other countries and peoples, the general democratization of the creative process. Literature Architecture Painting Sculpture Education Science Music: “Life for the Tsar” and “Ruslan and Lyudmila” by M.I. Glinka; opera "Mermaid" Dargomyzhsky TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Literature of the first half of the XIX century.
“Woe from Wit” A.S. Griboedov Ballads V.A. Zhukovsky Decembrist poets: K. Ryleev, V. Kuchelbeker, A. Bestuzhev, A. Odoevsky A.S. Pushkin M.Yu. Lermontov N.V. Gogol Criticism of V. Belinsky the formation of romanticism
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Architecture of the first half of the XIX century.
by Shchadrina Anna 05/08/1998 Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg (A. Voronikhin) Admiralty (A. Zakharov) St. Isaac's Cathedral (O. Montferrand) Triumphal Gates (O. Beauvais) Empire style - high classicism Exchange building (de Thomon) Alexander I Alexander I Alexander I Nicholas I Nicholas I
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Empire style - high classicism Mikhailovsky Castle (C. Rossi) Alexandrinsky Theater (C. Rossi) The building of the Senate and Synod (C. Rossi) Bolshoi Theater in Moscow (O. Beauvais) Alexander I Nicholas I
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Sculpture of the first half of the 19th century.
Monument to Minin and Pozharsky (I. Martos) “Horse Tamers” on the Anichkov Bridge (P. Klodt) Equestrian monument to Nicholas I (P. Klodt)
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Painting of the first half of the XIX century.
by Anna Shchadrina 05/08/1998 Portrait of V.A. Zhukovsky (O. Kiprensky) Portrait of A.S. Pushkin (O. Kiprensky) Portrait of A.S. Pushkin (V. Tropinin) Portrait of Countess Samoilova (K. Bryullov) dominance of romanticism, portrait, everyday genre
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Morning of the landowner (A. Venetsianov) Barn (A. Venetsianov) On arable land. Spring (A. Venetsianov) Appearance of Christ to the people (A. Ivanov) dominance of romanticism, portraiture, everyday genre
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Major's matchmaking (P. Fedotov) Fresh cavalier (P. Fedotov) The ninth wave (I. Aivazovsky) dominance of romanticism, portraiture, everyday genre
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The last day of Pompeii (K. Bryullov) Horsewoman (K. Bryullov) Self-portrait (K. Bryullov) dominance of romanticism, portrait, everyday genre
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Education in the first half of the 19th century
1803 - decree on the creation of 6 educational districts Opening of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum 1827 - decree on the ban on the admission of peasants to universities 1833 - S.S. Uvarov "Theory of official nationality" (Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality) Imperial Military Academy 1835 - universities are deprived of the status of internal autonomy Artillery Academy
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Science in the first half of the 19th century.
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Russian culture of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
Literature Architecture Painting Sculpture Theatrical art Cinematography Music Opera and ballet Education Science TABLE OF CONTENTS The abolition of serfdom, the liberal reforms carried out during the 60-70s of the XIX century, significantly accelerated the formation of capitalist relations in Russia, intensified the processes of social development as a whole.
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Literature of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries.
Critical realism: I.S. Turgenev I.A. Goncharov L.N. Tolstoy F.M. Dostoevsky A.P. Chekhov V.G. Korolenko A.I. Kuprin I.A. Bunin M. Gorky Dramaturgy: A.N. Ostrovsky A.V. Sukhovo-Kobylin Satire: M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin Poetry: N.A. Nekrasov F.I. Tyutchev A.A. Fet
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Symbolism: D. Merezhkovsky Z. Gippius K. Balmont V. Bryusov A. Blok A. Bely V. Ivanov Acmeism: N. Gumilyov Mandelstam A. Akhmatova Futurism: V. Mayakovsky A. Kruchenykh brothers Burliuks I. Severyanin V. Khlebnikov B. Pasternak Imaginism: S. Yesenin
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Architecture of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
Cathedral of Christ the Savior (K. Ton) Main styles: pseudo-Byzantine, pseudo-Russian, Art Nouveau Grand Kremlin Palace (K. Ton) Moscow railway station in St. Petersburg (K. Ton) Nicholas I Nicholas I
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by Shchadrina Anna 05/08/1998 Main styles: pseudo-Byzantine, pseudo-Russian, modern The Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood in St. Petersburg (A. Parland) The Historical Museum in Moscow (A. Semenov, O. Sherwood) The Ryabushinsky Mansion (F. Shekhtel) Alexander III Alexander II Nicholas II
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Painting of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
In 1863, a group of graduate students from the Academy of Arts refused to write programmatic paintings based on the plots of the Scandinavian epic, suggesting instead to choose a theme related to problems modern society. In protest, the artists led by I. Kramskoy, without completing the official course, left the Academy, forming the “Petersburg Artel of Artists”. In 1870, already in Moscow, I. Kramskoy, V. Perov, N. Ge, G. Myasoedov organized the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions. It included I. Repin, V. Surikov, A. Savrasov, I. Shishkin, A. Kuinzhi, I. Levitan, M. Vasnetsov, N. Yaroshenko and others.
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In 1898, a new art association "World of Art" was founded in St. Petersburg. The artist A. Benois and the philanthropist S. Diaghilev were at the head. The main core was L. Bakst, E. Lansere, K. Somov. Also included such artists as: M. Vrubel, V. Serov, I. Levitan, M. Nesterov, A. Ryabushkin, N. Roerich, B. Kustodiev, Z. Serebryakov, K. Petrov-Vodkin. "World of Art" published its own magazine under the same name. Many artists worked for the theater. L. Bakst created outstanding theatrical scenery for the "Russian Seasons" in Paris.
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A significant role in the development of Russian Art Nouveau was played by the Abramtsevo Artistic Circle, which brought together representatives of the Moscow creative intelligentsia. The patron of the circle was S. Mamontov. The members were the sculptor M. Antokolsky, V. Vasnetsov, K. Korovin, I. Levitan, V. Nesterov, V. Polenov, V. Serov. The artist's meeting place was Mamontov's Abramtsevo estate near Moscow.
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by Anna Shchadrina 05/08/1998 Village religious procession at Easter (V. Perov) Seeing the dead (V. Perov) Troika (V. Perov) Portrait of A.N. Ostrovsky (V. Perov) Portrait of F.M. Dostoevsky (V. Perov) critical realism, landscape, modern
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Christ in the Desert (I. Kramskoy) Portrait of L.N. Tolstoy (I. Kramskoy) Stranger (I. Kramskoy) critical realism, landscape, modern
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Apotheosis of war (V. Vereshchagin) Rooks have arrived (A. Savrasov) Moscow courtyard (V. Polenov) critical realism, landscape, modern
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Rye (I. Shishkin) Morning in a pine forest (I. Shishkin) Evening ringing (I. Levitan) critical realism, landscape, modern
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They didn’t wait (I. Repin) The Cossacks write a letter to the Turkish Sultan (I. Repin) The ceremonial meeting of the State Council (I. Repin) critical realism, landscape, modern
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Morning of the Streltsy Execution (V. Surikov) Menshikov in Berezovo (V. Surikov) critical realism, landscape, art nouveau Boyarynya Morozova (V. Surikov)
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critical realism, landscape, modern The conquest of Siberia by Yermak (V. Surikov) A. Suvorov's crossing of the Alps (V. Surikov) Stepan Razin (V. Surikov)
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critical realism, landscape, modern After the battle of Igor Svyatoslavich with the Polovtsy (V. Vasnetsov) Alyonushka (V. Vasnetsov) Bogatyrs (V. Vasnetsov)
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critical realism, landscape, modern Girl with peaches (V. Serov) Portrait of M. Yermolova (V. Serov) Abduction of Europe (V. Serov)
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critical realism, landscape, modern Peter I (V. Serov) King's walk (A. Benois) Empress Elizaveta Petrovna in Tsarskoe Selo (E. Lansere) Winter. Skating rink (K. Somov)
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critical realism, landscape, modernism Moscow street of the 17th century on a holiday (A. Ryabushkin) Overseas guests (N. Roerich) In Russia (M. Nesterov) Great tonsure (M. Nesterov)
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critical realism, landscape, modern The Demon (M. Vrubel) The Swan Princess (M. Vrubel)
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new trends: fauvism, futurism, cubism, suprematism, etc. Improvisation No. 7 (V. Kandinsky) Troubled (V. Kandinsky)
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new trends: fauvism, futurism, cubism, suprematism, etc. Self-portrait with seven fingers (M. Chagall) Above the city (M. Chagall)
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new trends: fauvism, futurism, cubism, suprematism, etc. Feast of Kings (P. Filonov) Peasant family (P. Filonov) Black Square (K. Malevich)
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Sculpture of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
Ivan the Terrible (M. Antokolsky) Peter I (M. Antokolsky) Dying Socrates (M. Antokolsky)
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Monument to A.S. Pushkin (A. Opekushin) Monument to Alexander III (P. Trubetskoy) Old man and Stribog (S. Konenkov) Monument Millennium of Russia (M. Mikeshin)
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Theater of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
1898 - creation of the Moscow Art Theater (K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko) Famous actors: M. Ermolova (Maly Theater) P. Strepetova (Alexandrinsky Theater) V. Kachalov (Moscow Art Theater)
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Cinema of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
The first screenings in St. Petersburg and Moscow took place in 1896. In 1908, the first Russian feature film "Stenka Razin" was released. Famous actors: I. Mozzhukhin V. Kholodnaya A. Koonen
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Music of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
1862 - creative union "The Mighty Handful" M. Glinka - founder M. Balakirev C. Cui M. Mussorgsky - "Boris Godunov" A. Borodin - "Prince Igor" N. Rimsky-Korsakov - "The Snow Maiden" P. Tchaikovsky - operas " Eugene Onegin”, “The Queen of Spades”, ballets “Swan Lake”, “Sleeping Beauty”, “The Nutcracker” A. Glazunov A. Skryabin S. Rachmaninov
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Opera and ballet of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
The leading position was occupied by the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theater and the Bolshoi Theater in Moscow. M. Fokin - choreographer V. Nijinsky - choreographer F. Chaliapin - opera bass A. Pavlova - ballerina "Russian Seasons" - tour of opera and ballet troupes in Paris and London.
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Education in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
1864 - “Regulations on elementary public schools”: Zemstvo schools, church schools, public schools of the Ministry of Public Education 1864 - charter of secondary educational institutions: classical gymnasiums, in which humanitarian subjects were studied; real schools, in which great attention was paid to natural science subjects 1872 - Higher Women's Courses (V. Guerrier) Bestuzhev Courses (K. Bestuzhev-Ryumin) K. Ushinsky - the idea of educative education L. N. Tolstoy - the development of pedagogy
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Science of the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries.
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Cultural transformations in Russia in the 1920s.
The October Revolution had a huge impact on the development of culture. There was a sharp breakdown of traditions. Literature Architecture: the reign of constructivism Painting Sculpture: 1918 - Lenin's plan for monumental propaganda of revolutionary values Theatrical art Cinematography Education Science TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Literature in the 1920s
1917 - "Proletkult" 1921 - "Serapion Brothers" 1925 - RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers) "Pass" (All-Union Association of Workers' and Peasants' Writers) - leader A. Voronsky LEF (Left Front of the Arts) - V. Mayakovsky The flowering of M. Tsvetaeva, E. Zamyatina, M. Zoshchenko, M. Bulgakov, M. Sholokhov, E. Petrova.
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Painting in the 1920s
1922 - AHRR (Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia). IN AND. Lenin in Smolny (I. Brodsky) Tachanka (M. Grekov) Trumpeters of the First Cavalry Army (M. Grekov) Domes and swallows (K. Yuon) Before entering the Kremlin (K. Yuon)
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1924 - creative group "4 Arts" Bathing a red horse (K. Petrov-Vodkin) Mother (K. Petrov-Vodkin) 1918 in Petrograd (K. Petrov-Vodkin) Death of a commissar (K. Petrov-Vodkin)
Slide 89
Defense of Petrograd (A. Deineka) 1925 - "The Society of Easel Painters" (OST) "Windows of Satire ROSTA" (Russian Telegraph Agency) - artists V. Mayakovsky and D. Moor) Have you signed up as a volunteer? (D. Moore) Help (D. Moore) poster graphics
Slide 90
Theater in the 1920s
Actors of the older generation: M. Yermolova, A. Yuzhin, A. Ostuzhev, V. Kachalov Director V. Meyerhold staged numerous plays in theaters A major contribution of E. Vakhtangov to the development of the Moscow Art Theater V. Meyerhold
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Cinema in the 1920s
An important milestone in the development of feature films was the film by S. Eisenstein "Battleship Potemkin", released in 1925 and received the status of a world masterpiece. Poster of the film “Battleship Potemkin”
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Education in the 1920s
1917-1918 - decrees on the separation of the church from the school 1918 - spelling reform 1919 - "workers' faculties" (workers' faculties) are created compulsory education literacy 1923 - voluntary society "Down with illiteracy!"
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Science in the 1920s
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P. Milyukov - historian P. Struve - economics P. Sorokin - sociology and philosophy N. Berdyaev - philosophy M. Pokrovsky - historian the name is from the literary and political collection "Change of milestones", published in Paris in 1921-1922. The ideologists of the Smenovekhstvo (N. Ustryalov and others) called for a transition from confrontation with the Bolsheviks to cooperation with them.
Slide 96
Cultural development of the USSR in the 1930s.
In the 1930s, architectural monuments were destroyed. Nevertheless, significant progress has been made in many areas of culture. Literature Architecture Painting Sculpture Cinematography Science the period of uniformity began, architecture was dominated by the "Stalinist Empire style" Worker and Collective Farm Woman (V. Mukhina) V. Lenin's Mausoleum (A. Shchusev) TABLE OF CONTENTS
Slide 97
Literature in the 1930s
1934 - "Union of Writers" - M. Gorky, A. Fadeev I. Bunin: "The Life of Arseniev" - in 1933 awarded the Nobel Prize M. Sholokhov: "Quiet Flows the Don", "Virgin Soil Upturned" - in 1965 awarded the Nobel Prize N. Ostrovsky : “How the steel was tempered” A. Tolstoy: “Peter I” M. Bulgakov: “The Master and Margarita” A. Platonov: “Pit” socialist realism
Slide 98
Painting in the 1930s
Interrogation of communists (B. Ioganson) socialist realism At the old Ural factory (B. Ioganson) Speech by V.I. Lenin at the III Congress of the Komsomol (B. Ioganson)
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Cinema in the 1930s
"Alexander Nevsky" - dir. S. Eisenstein, starring N. Cherkasov; "Lenin in October" - dir. M. Romm; "The Man with the Gun" - dir. S. Yutkevich; “Maxim's youth”, “Maxim's return”, “Vyborg side” – dir. G. Kozintsev; "Merry Fellows", "Volga-Volga" - dir. S. Gerasimov; “Pig and shepherd” - I. Pyryev; "Chapaev" - G. and S. Vasiliev.
Slide 100
Shot from the film “Alexander Nevsky” Poster for the film “Jolly Fellows” Poster for the film “Chapaev”
Slide 101
Science in the 1930s
P. Lebedev Physical Institute (S. Vavilov) Institute for Physical Problems (P. Kapitsa) I. Michurin's work in the field of breeding Research Institute of History under the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Works on the history of B. Grekov (history of Russia), E. Tarle (history countries of Europe) Elimination of the autonomy of the Academy of Sciences 1938 - “A short course in the history of the CPSU (b)”, edited by I.V. Stalin
Slide 102
Culture of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War and the post-war period (1945-1953)
Great Patriotic War- one of the brightest and most tragic pages in the history of Russia. Scientists and artists played a significant role in raising the patriotic spirit and achieving the Victory. Literature Architecture Painting Cinema Science Music: “The Seventh Symphony” by D. Shostakovich Main building of Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov
Slide 103
Literature in 1945-1953
Many writers went to the front as war correspondents: K. Simonov, A. Fadeev; many died: A. Gaidar, E. Petrov and others. K. Simonov - "Wait for me" A. Tvardovsky - "Vasily Terkin" K. Simonov - "Days and Nights" A. Fadeev - "Young Guard"
Slide 104
Painting in 1945-1953
poster graphics, theme of the Great Patriotic War Motherland is calling! (I. Toidze) Kukryniksy - creative team Soviet graphic artists and painters (M. Kupriyanov, P. Krylov and N. Sokolov). “We will ruthlessly defeat and destroy the enemy!”, the first military poster of the Kukryniksy, 1941 (Hitler broke the Non-Aggression Pact between Germany and the Soviet Union)
Slide 109
Science in 1945-1953
In relation to science, the crude dictates of the bureaucracy continued to dominate. In the 30s, T. Lysenko, who was an ardent opponent of genetics, took the place of the president of VASKhNIL, as a result of which it was declared “bourgeois pseudoscience”. The state exploited the work of scientists convicted of "anti-Soviet activities." They were kept in special zones (“sharashkas”), where they served their sentences.
Slide 110
Culture during the "thaw" period (1953-1964)
The exposure of the personality cult of Stalin, which took place at the XX Congress of the CPSU in 1956, marked the beginning of a new period - the period of the "thaw" (the era of Khrushchev). Literature Painting Sculpture Theatrical Art: 1957 - Sovremennik Theater (chief director O. Efremov); 1964 - Drama and Comedy Theater on Taganka (chief director Yu. Lyubimov) Cinema Education: 1958 - law "On strengthening the connection between school and life and on the further development of the public education system in the USSR" Science
Slide 111
Literature during the “thaw” period
Sixties poets: E. Yevtushenko, A. Voznesensky, B. Akhmadulina, R. Rozhdestvensky Bardy:B. Okudzhava, A. Galich, V. Vysotsky Writers of the Sixties: D. Granin, Yu. Nagibin, Yu. German, V. Aksyonov, I. Efremov, Strugatsky brothers, Yu. Bondarev, K. Simonov 1955 - the magazine "Youth" is published; In 1962 in the magazine " New world” (editor-in-chief - A. Tvardovsky) A. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” was published; In the 1950s, “samizdat” arose - this was the name of typewritten magazines, for example, “Syntax” (founded by the young poet A. Ginzburg). 1958 - Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Soviet authorities demanded that it be abandoned. He was accused of anti-nationality and charity for the “common man”.
Slide 112
Painting during the "thaw"
“severe style” Young sculptors (D. Zhilinsky) Builders of the Bratsk hydroelectric power station (V. Popkov)
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Sculpture during the “thaw”
Gravestone monument to N. Khrushchev (E. Neizvestny) Monument-ensemble to the heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad (E. Vuchetich) Motherland is calling! (E. Vuchetich) Monument “Motherland” at the Piskarevsky cemetery (V. Isaeva, R. Taurit) memorial complexes dedicated to V.O.V.
Slide 114
Cinema during the “thaw”
"The Cranes Are Flying" - dir. M. Kalatozov “The Ballad of a Soldier” – dir. G. Chukhrai “Outpost of Ilyich” – dir. M. Khutsiev "I'm walking around Moscow" - dir. G. Daneliya military theme, youth problems, light romantic tapes A shot from the film “I'm walking around Moscow”
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Science in the period of "thaw"
Nobel laureates: 1956 - N. Semyonov - research of chemical chain reactions 1962 - L. Landau - theory of liquid helium 1964 - N. Basov, A. Prokhorov - creation of a laser (the first quantum generator) 1954 - the first in the world nuclear power plant in Obninsk 1957 - the most powerful proton accelerator - the synchrophasotron 1957 - the launch of the world's first artificial Earth satellite 1961 (April 12) - Yu. Gagarin made the first flight into space in the history of mankind
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Culture of the USSR in 1964-1985.
The stagnation that gradually covered socio-political and economic life in the USSR after the end of the brief Khrushchev “thaw” also affected culture. Soviet culture under L. Brezhnev developed largely by inertia, set by its previous period. Literature Painting Cinematography Music Education TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Literature in 1964-1985
Y. Trifonov - "Exchange" V. Rasputin - "Live and Remember" V. Astafiev - "The Tsar-Fish" Y. Bondarev - "Hot Snow" B. Vasiliev - "The Dawns Here Are Quiet..." Almanac "Metropol" (A . Bitov, V. Aksyonov, F. Iskander, V. Erofeev) 1970 - Nobel Prize to A. Solzhenitsyn for the novel "The Gulag Archipelago" Feuilleton "Near-literary drone" writers-village writers military theme
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Painting in 1964-1985
On September 15, 1974, an exhibition of 24 avant-garde artists (“bulldozer exhibition”) was destroyed in Moscow. “photographic realism” Portrait of an Afghan (A. Shilov)
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Cinema in 1964-1985
"War and Peace" - dir. S. Bondarchuk “Operation Y”, “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “Diamond Hand”, “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes Profession” – dir. L. Gaidai Shot from the film “War and Peace” Shot from the film “Operation Y” by A. Demyanenko Yu. Nikulin films based on the plot literary works and comedy
Public and cultural life in the USSR in 1985-1991.
The era of perestroika refers to those periods national history for which the significance of the processes taking place in culture is especially great. M.S. Gorbachev began his reforms in the sphere of public and cultural life. Literature Paintings Cinematography TV shows: “The Look”, “The Twelfth Floor”, “Before and After Midnight”, “600 Seconds” publicity – free discussion of the shortcomings of the country in any area TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Literature in 1985-1991
Literary magazines previously unknown works were published (magazines Neva, Novy Mir, Yunost). Publicistic articles were published in the magazines Znamya, Ogonyok, Literaturnaya Gazeta, and the weekly Arguments and Facts. Ch. Aitmatov - "The block" A. Rybakov - "Children of the Arbat" V. Dudintsev - "White clothes" (about the fate of genetic scientists) analysis of the phenomenon of Stalinism, journalism
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Painting in 1985-1991
popular poster genre Eternal Russia (I. Glazunov) Perestroika poster
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Cinema in 1985-1991
"Repentance" - dir. T. Abuladze “Is it easy to be young” – dir. J. Podnieks “You can't live like this” – dir. S. Govorukhin “Tomorrow there was a war” – dir. Yu. Kara “The Cold Summer of 1953” – dir. A. Proshkin films in tune with the era
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Culture of Russia in the 1990s - the beginning of the XXI century.
A distinctive feature of the culture of modern Russia lies in the variety of manifestations of creativity in all areas of public life. Literature: (detectives, science fiction, "women's novels") "Mad" - V. Dotsenko; "Turkish March" - F. Neznansky; A series of novels about the investigator Anastasia Kamenskaya - A. Marinina Sculpture Cinematography Music: "Chapaev and Emptiness" - V. Pelevin Science: 2000 - Nobel Prize awarded to physicist Zh. Alferov TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Sculpture in the 1990s - the beginning of the XXI century.
monumental sculpture Monument to Peter I (Z. Tsereteli) Monument to Peter I in the Peter and Paul Fortress (M. Shemyakin)
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Cinema in the 1990s - the beginning of the XXI century.
“Burnt by the Sun”, “The Barber of Siberia” – dir. N. Mikhalkov "Brother", "Brother-2" - dir. A. Balabanov
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Other famous buildings in Russia of this time: the Kremlin in Moscow. Of course, the Kremlin was built before the 16th century, but at that time it began to be rebuilt. The architects of the Kremlin were foreigners, so Western European and Russian styles are mixed in the style. The new Cathedral of the Assumption, built by the Italian Fioravanti. The architect took the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral as a basis.
Painting As such, painting in the modern sense of the word did not exist. Painting at that time meant icon painting. The 16th century was marked by the spread of heresy and the persecution of icon painters. Because of this, artists began to depict the faces of saints on icons with shading.
Literature All the literature that was at that time, for the most part, was written by hand. However, it was precisely at this time that literature was being transformed. In the 16th century, new genres appeared: - stories ("The Tale of Dracula") - fiction ("Alexandria" about Alexander the Great) - stories. Also, in the XVI century. book printing is born in Russia.
16th century printing It is characterized by the appearance of book printing in Russia. The first book to be printed is The Apostle. It was printed by the clerk Ivan Fedorovich. Basically, all printed books were liturgical in nature. There was no talk of fiction in the 16th century.
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Slides captions:
Development of Russian culture.
On the outskirts of Vladimir-Suzdal land, a small settlement appeared - Moscow.
Ivan Kalita built many wooden and stone churches and cathedrals in Moscow.
Dmitry Donskoy built the stone Kremlin in Moscow.
The first stone Kremlin.
Soon stone churches and Kremlins began to appear in other Russian cities. Rostov Kremlin Pskov Kremlin
At the direction of Ivan III, the Kremlin was built of red brick. 31 years of work were carried out by Russian and Italian masters. Ivan III - Emperor of All Russia.
Kremlin made of red brick.
Under Ivan IV built: Pokrovsky Cathedral - St. Basil's Cathedral
TSAR -_PUSHKA was made in 1586. The barrel length is more than 5 meters, and the weight is 40 tons. KING - BELL - this giant weighs 200 tons.
Folk art has never died in Russia.
Russian festivities
Buffoons in Russia.
Thanks for attention!
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RUSSIAN CULTURE IN THE 18th century Chernova Svetlana Semyonovna, Senior Lecturer, Department of History and Social Sciences, BelRI PCPSslide 2
Periodization of the history of Russian culture of the XVIII century. The first period (the end of the 17th - the first quarter of the 18th century) is the formation of a new culture. Second period: (middle - second half of the 18th century) - the development and flourishing of secular noble culture and folk traditional culture.
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EDUCATION IN RUSSIA in the XVIII century. During the reign of Peter I, the problem of the school, the education of children and youth becomes a state problem. In Russia, a system of secular education began to be created, which operated along with the system of spiritual education.
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Education in Russia in the XVIII century. Class character Creation of secular education (primary, secondary, higher), acting along with the system of spiritual enlightenment Creation of new textbooks, development of bookselling Opening of the first public library in Russia (1714)
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The policy of creating a “new breed of people” (the reign of Catherine II) A talented Russian teacher I.I. Betskoy, the conductor of the policy of Catherine II in the field of education, developed the “General Institution of Both Sexes of Youth”, approved by the Empress, for raising children in closed class educational institutions
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The policy of creating a "new breed of people" (the reign of Catherine II) Creation of Orphanages in Moscow (1764) and St. Petersburg (1770) for foundlings and "unfortunately born" babies. Opening of the Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens in St. Petersburg (1764). Opening of the Demidov Lyceum for the children of merchants and burghers (1772) Opening of the Catherine Institute for children of merchants and burghers (1779)
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School reform in Russia (80s of the XVIII century) in 1782-1786. in Russia, a school reform was carried out, which marked the beginning of the creation of a system of general education schools with unified curricula and a unified teaching methodology. The Serbian teacher F.I. Jankovic de Mirievo. The school system was two-stage: In county towns - small public schools (2-year education) In provincial cities - main public schools (4-year education). By the end of the XVIII century. 400 public schools were created in the country.
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Science in Russia in the XVIII century. The opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg (1725) is the most important stage in the development of Russian science in the 18th century. Prominent scientists worked in the Russian Academy of Sciences: mathematicians L. Euler, D. Bernoulli, astronomer J. Delisle, physicists D. Richman, F. Epinus.
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Science in Russia in the XVIII century. M.V. Lomonosov (1711-1765) is a great Russian scientist, one of the titans of world science. There was not a single branch of knowledge at that time where his genius would not manifest itself.
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M.V. Lomonosov - the genius of Russian science of the XVIII century. Natural and mathematical sciences: M.V. Lomonosov - one of the founders physical chemistry. Discovery of the law of conservation of energy Assumptions about the atomic and molecular structure of matter Discovery of the atmosphere on Venus - the basis of astrophysics
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M.V. Lomonosov - the genius of Russian science of the XVIII century. Humanities and literature: In the history of M.V. Lomonosov was the first to speak out against the Norman theory; "Russian Grammar" - the first scientific grammar of the Russian language; In poetry - the creation of syllabic-tonic versification (odes, poems and poems)
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M.V. Lomonosov - the genius of Russian science of the XVIII century. The founder of the oldest Russian University - Moscow (1755) The first professors of the university were his students: A. A. Barsov and N. N. Popovsky. The university had three faculties: Philosophical with departments of verbal and physical and mathematical Law Medical
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Technology in Russia in the 18th century. Kulibin Ivan Petrovich (1735 - 1818) - Russian self-taught mechanic. Born into the family of a small merchant. In 1764-67. created an egg-shaped clock, which was complex mechanism automatic action. Kulibin presented this watch in 1769 to Empress Catherine II, who appointed him head of the mechanical workshop of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
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Technology in Russia in the 18th century. In 1779, Kulibin designed the famous lantern (searchlight), which gave powerful light. This invention was used for industrial purposes - for lighting workshops, ships, lighthouses, etc. In 1791, Ivan Petrovich Kulibin made a scooter cart, in which he used a flywheel, brake, gearbox, rolling bearings, etc. .; the wagon was set in motion by a person who pressed the pedals.
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Russian architecture of the 18th century. In the field of urban planning, a transition was made from a radial-circular to a regular layout. Its main features are: Geometrical correctness, symmetry Uniform rules and techniques in the development of streets A certain ratio of the sizes and heights of buildings.
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Russian architecture of the 18th century. The dominant style of architecture in the first half of the 18th century. - Baroque (from Italian "artsy"). Characteristic features: Monumentality Curved lines of facades The largest master of the Baroque style - V.V. Rastrelli
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Russian architecture of the 18th century. Domenico Trezzini is an outstanding Russian architect of the early Baroque in Russia, who carried out the planning and development of St. Petersburg.
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Russian architecture of the 18th century. D. Trezzini is the author of the famous St. Petersburg architectural creations - this is the Cathedral of the Peter and Paul Fortress, the summer palace of Peter I, the building of the Twelve Colleges.
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Russian architecture of the 18th century. In Moscow, the brilliant Russian architect V.I. Bazhenov erected the Pashkov House (now the old building of the Russian State Library).
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Literature of Russia of the 18th century. The heyday of Russian literature is the second half of the 18th century, when a developed system of genres was created: Ode Fable Elegy Tragedy Comedy Tale Roman.
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Literature of Russia of the 18th century. The second half of the 18th century - the beginning of the formation of an artistic and realistic trend in Russian literature (D.I. Fonvizin). D.I., Fonvizin - the author of the comedies "Foreman", "Undergrowth".
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Literature of Russia of the 18th century. At the end of the XVIII century. In Russian literature, the style of sentimentalism is developing - its heyday is associated with the work of N.M. Karamzin ("Poor Liza").
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Painting in Russia in the 18th century In the first half of the century, the main genres were: portrait (A.M. Matveev and I.N. Nikitin); engraving (A.F. Zubov and A.I. Rostovtsev) In the second half of the century, the main genres: historical and mythological (A.P. Losenko, G.I. Ugryumov), household (M. Shibanov), portrait (I.P. (Argunov, F.S. Rokotov, D.G. Levitsky, V.A. Borovikovsky)
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Painting in Russia in the 18th century Levitsky DG - the largest Russian artist of the second half of the 18th century, master of the ceremonial portrait. Portrait of Catherine II (1780) - his notable work in this genre.
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Painting in Russia in the 18th century Portrait of M.I. Lopukhina V.L. Borovikovsky is a vivid example of sentimentalism in Russian painting of the late 18th century.
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Sculpture in Russia in the 18th century. The main genre of Russian sculpture is the portrait. Sculptors: B. Rastrelli, F.I. Shubin, M.I. Kozlovsky, E. Falcone.
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Sculpture in Russia in the 18th century. Shubin Fedot Ivanovich (1740-1805) - sculptor. His work was the pinnacle of Russian realistic sculpture of the 18th century. Born in the North, in a family of Kholmogory peasants, among whom bone carving has long flourished. In the winter of 1759, a nineteen-year-old boy, with a convoy of fish, came to St. Petersburg to learn sculptural skills. Perhaps, at first, a fellow countryman, Lomonosov M.V., helped him. In 1761, patronized by Lomonosov M.V. and the first trustee of the Academy of Arts Shuvalov I.I., Shubnaya F.I. was included in the lists of students under the name of Fedot Shubin.
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Sculpture in Russia in the 18th century. Shubin F.I. - a remarkable master of the sculptural portrait of the XVIII century. Portrait of Baryshnikov I.S. 1778 is his famous work in this genre.
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