Parfenova Tatyana Viktorovna
Place of work: MBOU secondary school No. 39, Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region
Position: teacher primary school
Class hour by day national unity.
Purpose: to form an idea of the new Russian holiday, its origins and meaning, the education of civic qualities in schoolchildren, the formation of basic knowledge about symbols Russian state and his history.
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Our country in recent years has officially acquired new holiday "Day of National Unity" , which is now markedNovember 4th annually .
Answer:Day of military glory of Russia. Day of good deeds. On this day, we help the unfortunate and the needy, that is, we do charity work.
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The national anthem is the official state symbol of Russia . The celebration of any public holiday begins with the sounding of the anthem. And we will start the class hour with the anthem of the Russian Federation.
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Don't argue with history
WITH live history,
She unites
For achievement and work.
One state
When the people are one.
When great power
He moves forward.
He defeats the enemy
United in battle
And Rus' liberates
And he sacrifices himself.
For the glory of those heroes
We live with the same destiny
Today is Unity Day
We celebrate with you.
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Tell me, what is unity? Why is it needed? Under what conditions does it occur?
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The dew is made up of dewdrops,
From the droplets of steam - fog,
Sand from the smallest grains of sand,
Russia is from Russians.
For a long time we are united in spirit
And bound by a common destiny
And the banner of unity drove
All of us both to work and to fight.
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The celebration of this day is connected with the events of Russian history in the distant 1612.
Can you tell me what happened at that time?
Answer: these events were associated with the liberation of Moscow from the Polish invaders (invaders), with the events of the Time of Troubles.
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At the beginning of the 17th century, Russia was going through a difficult period in its history - the Time of Troubles. What was it? A series of lean years that led to hunger and poverty.
Riots and uprisings began in the country.
Power became fragile: the royal dynasty of Rurikovich was interrupted. For a long time, the royal throne was replaced by one or the other. The people, the army, the Cossacks, the boyars grumbled.
Terrible news reached Nizhny Novgorod: the Moscow boyars opened the gates of the Kremlin to the enemies and recognized the Polish prince Vladislav as king. Detachments of Polish lords roamed the Russian land, robbing the people. The country was under the threat of foreign enslavement.
Life stopped in Russian cities. Trade stalled in Nizhny Novgorod. Carpenters and blacksmiths, tanners and shoemakers lost their jobs.
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The Poles, and then the Swedes, took advantage of the weakness of Rus'. They began an intervention in Rus'.
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Quite a few years passed before the Russian people realized that they had to save their land, otherwise the enemy would get it.IN constant gatherings began: they talked about how to rise, where to get people and funds. With such questions, they turned primarily to the zemstvo headman Minin, a man of average income and a butcher by trade. Minin developed his plans in detail. Speaking to fellow countrymen, Minin urged them to liberate Rus' from enemies: “Orthodox! We will not regret anything, we will sell our yards, we will lay down our wives and children, and we will defend the Faith and the Fatherland! Every day his influence grew; Nizhny Novgorod was carried away by Minin's proposals and finally decided to form a militia, convene service people and collect money for them. According to common decision(as they said then, the verdict) the collection of funds (treasury) for the formation of the militia was first in the form of voluntary donations, and then in the form of a mandatory collection. Thus, the creation of the people's armed forces received a solid material basis.
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The prince was chosen as the leader of the militia , who was then treated for wounds in the Nizhny Novgorod estate and wished that the economic part in the militia was entrusted to Minin. He was involved in fundraising, staffing the militia, supplying it with weapons, ammunition, food, clothing. The management carried out versatile preparations for the campaign. A political program was developed. It included the liberation of the country from foreign invaders, the non-recognition of sovereigns of foreign origin on the Russian throne, the creation of a new government based on the support of the entire people.
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Minin and Pozharsky managed to unite around the sacred goal - the salvation of the Motherland - people of all classes, nations and nationalities of Russia. Raised the whole people against foreigners. Russian troops, of course, surpassed the interventionists in moral qualities. Feeling the support of all their native land behind them, they were determined to "stand near Moscow, suffer everything and fight to the death." On October 22, 1612, the liberation of Moscow began and the invaders (Poles) were expelled.
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And then a glorious day came: the enemy army surrendered to the mercy of the victors!
Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory
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In 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God,
November 4, was declared a public holiday, for the deliverance of Moscow and all of Russia from the invasion of the Poles in 1612. This day was celebrated for centuries until 1917.
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Due to the revolution of 1917 and subsequent events, the tradition of celebrating the liberation of Moscow from the Polish conquerors was interrupted, and since 2005 it has been restored again.
Thus, we can say that National Unity Day is not a new holiday, but a return to an old tradition.
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Awarded to Minin and Pozharskybecame the memory of the people. As a warning to their descendants, monuments were erected. The first one was erected in Moscow on Red Square in 1818. Fundraising began in 1803, and the work was entrusted to Ivan Martos. The sculptor depicted the moment when Kuzma Minin, pointing to Moscow, hands Prince Pozharsky an old sword and urges him to stand at the head of the Russian army. Leaning on a shield, the wounded governor rises from his bed, which symbolizes the awakening of national consciousness at a difficult time for the Fatherland.
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The second monument was erected in Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin in 1826 according to the sketch by A. I. Melnikov
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Monument to Minin and Pozharsky unveiled in Nizhny Novgorod work - reduced (by 5 cm) copy of the Moscow monument. It's installed under the walls , near the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist. According to historians and experts, It was from the porch of this church that Kuzma Minin called on the people of Nizhny Novgorod to assemble and equip the people's militia to defend Moscow from the Poles.
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Turning our memory to our history, we draw spiritual strength from it and understand that our Motherland must be protected and, if necessary, defended.
The victory that the Russian people won at that difficult time is not only a victory over an external enemy, but also over an internal weakness, disunity, which almost destroyed the country. This must not happen again!
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On Unity Day we will be near,
Let's be together forever
All nationalities of Russia
In distant villages, cities!
Live, work, build together,
Sow bread, raise children,
Create, love and argue,
Keep the peace of the people
Honor the ancestors, remember their deeds,
Avoid wars and conflicts
To fill life with happiness
To sleep under a peaceful sky!
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Four centuries have passed
Over our Russia since that time,
When swords clashed in battle
And the axes were raised.
Pozharsky and Minin soldered
And they saved their native Rus'.
Townsman and boyar agreed
For your great military work.
And this day has not disappeared for centuries,
He lives in people's memory.
Russia will not run out of power -
After all, this force is our people!
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Take care of Russia - there is no other Russia.
Keep her peace and quiet
This is the sky and the sun, this bread is on the table
And a native window in a forgotten village ...
Take care of Russia, we cannot live without it.
Take care of her to be forever
With our truth and strength
All our destiny.
Take care of Russia - there is no other Russia!
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Summing up
What is this holiday calling us to? The new holiday is designed to remind us that we are Russians belonging to different social groups, nationalities and religions - a single people with a common historical destiny and a common future.
What is the essence of National Unity Day? National Unity Day, imbued with the ideas of national harmony, social cohesion, strengthening of Russian statehood, mutual understanding, mercy, care for people. National Unity Day is a testament to the unity of people, service to society.
Why do we need unity? To build Russia together. When we have trust in each other, when our friendship is strong, we will be able to protect our Motherland from any danger.
What other names does this holiday have? Day of military glory of Russia. Day of good deeds. On this day, we help the unfortunate and the needy, that is, we do charity work.
National Unity Day
Slides: 9 Words: 317 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0All Russian land stood up against the Polish invaders and traitors. Prince Pozharsky turned out to be a talented commander. Kozma Minin, not sparing his life, fought under the walls of the capital, like a simple warrior. The enemy army surrendered to the mercy of the victors! Prince Pozharsky, after the victory, entered Kitai-Gorod with the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. The Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, November 4, was declared a public holiday. The Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was celebrated for centuries until 1917. Minin and Pozharsky were rewarded with the people's memory. The monument to Minin and Pozharsky stands on Red Square - in the very heart of Russia. - Unity Day.ppt
unity holiday
Slides: 38 Words: 1829 Sounds: 0 Effects: 13We live by one destiny, Today is Unity Day We celebrate with you! Since 2005, November 4 has been a public holiday, National Unity Day. The initiator of the introduction of a new holiday was the Russian Orthodox Church. National Unity Day of Russia. November 4 is the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. One of the most revered icons in the Russian Church. Finding and further history of the icon. In the indicated place, at a depth of about a meter, an icon was indeed found. The list from the Kazan icon was sent to Moscow to Tsar Ivan IV (the Terrible). On the night of June 29, 1904, the icon was stolen from the Bogoroditsky Monastery. - Feast of Unity.pptx
National unity
Slides: 8 Words: 266 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0Day of national UNITY. National Unity Day is a Russian public holiday. It has been celebrated on November 4 since 2005. Monument to Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky in Nizhny Novgorod. Kazan Icon of the Most Holy Mother of God. According to labor code. The city of Nizhny Novgorod will traditionally become the center of festive events. The regional Government allocated 15 million 200 thousand rubles for the organization of the holiday. - National Unity.pptx
Holiday National Unity Day
Slides: 13 Words: 809 Sounds: 0 Effects: 54National Unity Day. The homeland is in danger. Kuzma Minin. K.E. Makovsky. Dmitry Pozharsky. Gathering of the militia and its way to Moscow. Campaign of the second militia. Speech from Yaroslavl. Battle for Moscow. Icon of the Kazan Mother of God. Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan. Russia. Unity Day. - National Unity Day holiday.ppt
November 4 - National Unity Day
Slides: 30 Words: 483 Sounds: 0 Effects: 1National Unity Day. Widely you, Rus', unfolded on the face of the earth in royal beauty. Blessed by prayer. And there is something for that, mighty Rus'. They don't argue with history, they live with history. November 4 is the national holiday "National Unity Day". November 4 is the day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God since 1612. Fast forward 400 years. Death of Boris Godunov. Time of Troubles. Minin on the square of Nizhny Novgorod, calling on people to donate. Kuzma Minin. Dmitry Pozharsky. Minin (right) and Pozharsky. Be that as it may, Minin and Pozharsky nevertheless expelled the Poles from Moscow. - November 4 - National Unity Day.ppt
Public holiday National Unity Day
Slides: 28 Words: 710 Sounds: 0 Effects: 7Feeling of patriotism. National Unity Day. Wise Minin. Strict Russian people. Far frontiers. Clean shirts. A country. The power of the country. Time. Boris Godunov. Prokopy Lyapunov from Ryazan. Poles. Call of the Patriarch. Friends and brothers. The voice of the people. Prince Pozharsky. They carried the miraculous Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Rus' rose from its knees. Militias. Mother of God. The city was on fire. Russia. Temple of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Monument. The monument was erected in Nizhny Novgorod. Holiday. Happy National Unity Day. - Public holiday National Unity Day.ppt
National Unity Day in Russia
Slides: 38 Words: 1309 Sounds: 0 Effects: 2National Unity Day. The State Duma Russian Federation. The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich. The murder of Tsarevich Dmitry. Death of Boris Godunov. The reign of Vasily IV Shuisky. Siege of Moscow by False Dmitry II. Poland declared war on Russia. Boyar Duma. Civil uprising. Zemsky headman K.A. Minin. The organizers of the new militia. Minin's appeal to the people of Nizhny Novgorod. Militia. Culture. Battle for Moscow. Kostroma peasant Ivan Susanin. Monument to Ivan Susanin. Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Icon of the Kazan Mother of God. Temple in honor of the icon of Our Lady of Kazan. Grateful Russia. - National Unity Day in Russia.ppsx
History of National Unity Day
Slides: 39 Words: 1146 Sounds: 0 Effects: 0National Unity Day. From the history of troubled times. A new tsar, Boris Godunov, is elected at the Zemsky Sobor. Boris Godunov. The king had many opponents. Tsar Boris Godunov suddenly died, and False Dmitry in Moscow was crowned king. However, soon the Muscovites, led by the Shuisky boyars, killed the Poles in Moscow. The boyar tsar Vasily Shuisky ascended the throne. False Dmitry 1. Vasily Shuisky. Power passed into the hands of the Seven Boyars. The country faced the threat of loss of independence! The first militia against the interventionists was led by Lyapunov, but was killed. The militia broke up. - History of National Unity Day.ppt
History of National Unity Day
Slides: 56 Words: 802 Sounds: 3 Effects: 9State. Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. First militia. Prokopy Petrovich Lyapunov. Reconstruction. Tomb of Prince Pozharsky. G. Suzdal. An excerpt from a poem by K. Ryleev. Historical event. Militia. End of the Time of Troubles. A copy of the monument to Minin and Pozharsky. City of Nizhny Novgorod. M.I. Glinka. Life for the king. Royal regalia. Scepter. Invocation words. Public Holiday. Dmitry Pozharsky. Monument. Nizhny Novgorod feat. Patriarch Hermogenes. Minin's appeal to the people of Nizhny Novgorod. The militia of Minin and Pozharsky. G. Yaroslavl. Celebration in honor of the Kazan icon. -
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Day of National Unity The publishing house "Russian Word" offers you a presentation that can be used in history lessons and class hours dedicated to the promotion of public holidays of the Russian Federation.slide 2
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On November 4, 1612, Kitai-Gorod was liberated from the Polish invaders by the combined efforts of the people's militias during fierce battles. After that, their Kremlin garrison surrendered, and Moscow was finally liberated from enemies. E.E. Lissner. "The expulsion of the Poles from the Kremlin"
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The Time of Troubles began with the suppression of the Rurik dynasty on the Russian throne: in 1581, Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible inadvertently kills his eldest son Ivan; in 1584 - he dies, his middle son Fedor becomes king; in 1591 - as a result of an accident, his youngest son Dmitry died; in 1598 Tsar Fedor dies without leaving an heir. Rice. from left to right: I.E. Repin "Tsar Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan", "The death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich" (engraving early XIX c.), "Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich" (parsuna of the 17th century)
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In 1598, the Zemsky Sobor, a meeting of elected representatives from the Russian estates, elected Boris Fyodorovich Godunov, the closest assistant to Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, as Tsar. But his reign was unsuccessful. I have no happiness. I thought my people In contentment, in glory to appease, Generosity to win his love - But I put aside empty care: Living power is hateful for the mob. They know how to love only the dead - We are mad when the splash of the people Or the ardent cry disturbs our heart! God sent gladness to our land, The people howled, perishing in torment; I opened granaries for them, I scattered gold for them, I found work for them - They cursed me, maddeningly! The fire fire destroyed their houses, I built new dwellings for them. They reproached me with fire! Here is the black court: look for her love. A.S. Pushkin "Boris Godunov" Fig. Election of Boris Godunov to the kingdom. 19th century engraving
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The Kingdom of Poland tried to take advantage of the popular dissatisfaction with the rule of Boris Godunov. In 1604, the former monk Grigory Otrepiev, who pretended to be the miraculously saved Tsarevich Dmitry, presented the right to the Russian throne. At first, the mercenary detachments of False Dmitry, assembled with Polish money, were defeated by Russian troops. But in 1605 Tsar Boris died. His son Fyodor became the new king. He was only 16 years old. He did not have authority. Many Russians believed the Pretender. False Dmitry easily seized the royal throne. Fyodor Godunov was killed. Fig. above: "False Dmitry I" Engraving of the 17th century. Fig. below: K.E. Makovsky “The murder of Fyodor Godunov by agents of False Dmitry”
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The fate of False Dmitry I The outrages of Polish mercenaries in Moscow turned the townspeople against False Dmitry. The boyars took advantage of this, and in 1606 the Pretender was overthrown and killed. The Zemsky Sobor elected Prince Vasily Shuisky as Russian Tsar. Rice. from left to right: "Polish horsemen" (Fig. XVII century), "Death of False Dmitry I" (engraving of the XIX century), "Tsar Vasily Shuisky" (miniature of the XVII century)
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Residents of the western and southern regions of Russia refused to recognize Vasily Shuisky as the legitimate king and began to fight him. First, Moscow was besieged by troops under the command of Ivan Bolotnikov. The troops of Vasily Shuisky coped with them with difficulty. But then False Dmitry II appeared, and organized the Tushinsky camp near Moscow, from where he tried to rule Russia. Detachments of Tushino scattered throughout Russia. There were especially many of them in the Novgorod land. To fight them, Vasily Shuisky asked for help from Sweden. Rice. from left to right: E.E. Lissner "Bolotnikovtsy", "False Dmitry II" (engraving of the 17th century)
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War with Poland Poland was at war with Sweden. The Polish king Sigismund III declared war on Russia and in 1609 laid siege to Smolensk. The defense of Smolensk was led by boyar Mikhail Shein. Rice. by the hour. arrow: “Polish King Sigismund III” (engraving of the 17th century), “Boyar Mikhail Shein” (drawing of our time), “Siege of Smolensk. 1609-1611" (engraving of the 17th century)
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The defeat of the Tushino camp Sigismund III ordered the Poles who were in the Tushino camp to leave it and go to Smolensk, which weakened the army of False Dmitry II. Russian troops under the command of Prince Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky in 1610 were finally able to defeat the Tushino people and lift the siege from Moscow. The impostor fled to Kaluga. Fig. above: "M.V. Skopin-Shuisky" (parsuna of the 17th century) Fig. below: S.V. Ivanov "Camp of the impostor"
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In the spring of 1610, shortly after the defeat of the Tushino camp, Mikhail Skopin-Shuisky died. At this time, the Polish army moved to Moscow from near Smolensk. False Dmitry II approached Moscow from Kaluga. In the summer of 1610, the Poles managed to defeat the Russian army in a battle near the village of Klushina. After that, the boyars overthrew Vasily Shuisky, and formed their own government - the Seven Boyars. It was headed by Prince Fyodor Mstislavsky. Rice. J. Mateiko "Introduction of the captive Tsar Vasily Shuisky to Sigismund III"
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The Seven Boyars could not fight simultaneously with the Poles and False Dmitry II. Polish troops occupied Moscow under the pretext of protecting it from False Dmitry II. False Dmitry led his troops to Kaluga. Rice. top: Prince Vladislav. (Engraving of the 17th century) Fig. bottom: Moscow boyars. (Engraving of the 16th century)
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The Poles began to rob residents in Moscow and desecrate Orthodox churches Patriarch Hermogenes, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, called on the Russian people to resist. For this, the Poles threw him into the dungeon of the Kremlin Chudov Monastery. Meanwhile, False Dmitry was killed. Fig. P.P. Chistyakov "Patriarch Hermogenes refuses the Poles to sign a letter"
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The appeal of Patriarch Hermogenes led to the creation of the first people's militia. It included residents of the Oka and Volga cities, former Tushins. The first militia was headed by the Ryazan governor Prokopy Lyapunov and Prince Dmitry Trubetskoy. In the spring of 1611, the militia drove the Poles out of Moscow's White City. In the summer of 1611, conflicts began between the Tushins and the rest of the militias. Voivode Lyapunov was killed. The militia broke up. Rice. unknown thin "Siege by the Kremlin militias"
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The outrages of foreign invaders and former Tushins continued. The Swedes, under the pretext of inviting Prince Vladislav to the Russian throne, captured Novgorod. The Poles captured Smolensk and Moscow. False Dmitry III appeared in Pskov. Rice. Siege of Novgorod by the Swedes. 1611 (detail of the 17th century icon) In April 1612, a patriotic government was created in Yaroslavl - the "Council of the Whole Earth". On November 4, 1612, after long heavy fighting, the Poles left the Moscow Kitay-gorod, and on November 7, their Kremlin garrison surrendered. Rice. from left to right: M.I.Scotti "Minin and Pozharsky", E.E.Lissner "Expulsion of the Poles from the Moscow Kremlin" slide 21
After the liberation of Moscow, the “Council of the Whole Land” gathered the Zemsky Sobor in the capital to elect a new tsar There were several contenders for the Russian throne. Among them are princes Fyodor Mstislavsky, Dmitry Trubetskoy, Dmitry Pozharsky and others. On February 21, 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected 16-year-old Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to the kingdom. He was a relative of Anastasia Romanova, the first wife of Ivan IV the Terrible and the mother of the last Russian tsar from the Rurik dynasty, Fyodor Ivanovich. Rice. top: "Zemsky 1613" (miniature of the 17th century) Fig. below: A.D. Kivshenko "First Romanov"
Thank you for your attention Authors: Morozova L.E. – Doctor of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher of the Institute Russian history RAS Agafonov S.V. - methodologist of the publishing house "Russian Word", teacher of school No. 1262 in Moscow
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Tsars - impostors Unexpectedly, a fugitive monk Grigory Otrepyev appeared in Lithuania and called himself Tsarevich Dmitry, who miraculously escaped! The Polish king recognized him and gave an army - to win back the "father's" throne. Boris Godunov did not have time to restore order in the country: he died. The heart failed. Or did his conscience torture him?.. Without waiting for the approach of the Polish army, the boyars dealt with the children of Boris Godunov: they killed their son Fyodor, and imprisoned their daughter Xenia in a monastery. The Pretender reigned in Moscow. This Pretender - he remained in history as False Dmitry I - turned out to be a good sovereign. It prevented the Poles and boyars from ruining Rus'. Therefore, they killed him, replacing him with another - an insignificant one, who also called himself Tsarevich Dmitry. And then he decided to put the Polish prince Vladislav on the Moscow throne. They sent ambassadors to the Polish king Sigismund. And he said: "I myself will sit on the throne in Moscow. Rus' will become part of the Polish kingdom!" Then the patience of the people came to an end.
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National unity Prokopy Lyapunov from Ryazan gathered a militia and moved to Moscow. The Poles and the boyars-traitors were frightened, they drew up a letter with the order to disband the militia. And they went to Patriarch Hermogenes: "You are the most important in the Russian church. The people will listen to you. Sign the letter!" The patriarch refused and called on the Russian people to oppose the invaders. Lyapunov's militia was small and could not take Moscow. But the appeal of the patriarch spread throughout all Russian cities. Heard it in Nizhny Novgorod. The local merchant Kozma Minin was the first to give all his wealth to the militia. The inhabitants of Nizhny gathered a large army. It was headed by Prince Dmitry Pozharsky. The militia moved to Moscow and on the way grew by leaps and bounds. People flocked from everywhere. And in Moscow, the Poles again demanded from the patriarch: "Order the militia, let them disperse!" - "May the mercy of God and our blessing be upon them!" replied Hermogenes. "The traitors will be damned both in this century and in the future."
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Monument to Minin and Pozharsky The monument to Minin and Pozharsky by sculptor IP Martos (1752 - 1835) is one of the most famous monuments in Moscow. It was created from 1804 to 1815. on public donations and was installed on February 20, 1918 (according to the old style) on Red Square opposite the entrance to the Upper Trading Rows. The sculptor depicts the moment when Kuzma Minin, pointing to Moscow, hands Prince Pozharsky an old sword and urges him to stand at the head of the Russian army. Leaning on a shield, the wounded governor rises from his bed, which symbolizes the awakening of national consciousness at a difficult time for the Fatherland. On the pedestal of the monument, decorated with two bas-reliefs, there is an inscription: "Grateful Russia to Prince Pozharsky and citizen Minin. 1818". In 1930, it was decided to move the sculpture so that it would not interfere with the parades. From that time to the present day, the first monument in Moscow is located at the Pokrovsky Cathedral (St. Basil's Cathedral).
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Day of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God The celebration of the Most Holy Theotokos on November 4, in honor of Her icon, called "Kazan", was established on this day in gratitude for the deliverance of Moscow and all of Russia from the invasion of the Poles in 1612. The miraculous image of the Most Holy Theotokos was sent from Kazan to the militia, which was headed by Prince Pozharsky. Knowing that the disaster was allowed for sins, all the people and the militia imposed a three-day fast on themselves and with prayer turned to the Lord and His Most Pure Mother for heavenly help. And the prayer was answered. Open the doors of Mercy to us, Blessed Mother of all of us, Mother of God. Those who hope in You, let us not perish, but let us be delivered from troubles by You, for You are the salvation of the Christian race! ..
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Quiz questions 1. What was the name of the state that interfered in the affairs of Russia during the Time of Troubles? 2. Who led the first militia in 1611? 3. What historical event took place on November 4 (October 22, old style), 1612? 4. To whom do the words of the call belong: "... if we want help for the Moscow State, and then we will not spare our lives, but not only our lives, and sell our yards, and mortgage our wives and children ..."? 5. Name the city where the militia of Minin and Pozharsky stopped for several months to replenish with newly arrived forces before marching on Moscow. 6. Which of the contenders for the Moscow throne was called the "Tushino thief"? 7. In gratitude for the help and intercession, Prince Pozharsky built at his own expense in the 20s of the 17th century a wooden cathedral in the name of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. What Temple are you talking about? 8. What event is associated with the end of the Time of Troubles in Rus'? 9. In what year was the Celebration in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos on November 4 first established? 10. What is the name of the public holiday we celebrate on November 4th?
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“Throughout the centuries, the lot of the Russian people has repeatedly fallen to severe trials. But each time we found the strength to come together, to unite in love for the Fatherland, in trust in God, in fidelity to the traditional spiritual values bequeathed by our ancestors. To overcome adversity, to defend their independence and statehood. “Throughout the centuries, the lot of the Russian people has repeatedly fallen to severe trials. But each time we found the strength to come together, to unite in love for the Fatherland, in trust in God, in fidelity to the traditional spiritual values bequeathed by our ancestors. To overcome adversity, to defend their independence and statehood. This is a great spiritual achievement of our people. This is his strength. This is his future!”
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Slides captions:
… From the history
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos of Kazan
The history of the establishment of the holiday
What is November 4th? November 4 is the day of unity of all Russian peoples November 4 is the day of saving Russia from the greatest danger that ever threatened it November 4 is a revived holiday with its own history, and not just a replacement for November 7 November 4 is a day of real deeds and not dubious marches
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Theme: National Unity Day
Target: To acquaint students with the history of the establishment of the holiday, historical events and heroes associated with this holiday. To form an active civic position, to cultivate interest in the history of their homeland.
Equipment: multimedia projector, computer
Guests: representatives of the administration of the village of Pyatnitskoye, the administration of the school
During the classes:
1. Organizational moment
2. Explanation of new material
Slide #1
National Unity Day- Russian national holiday. notedNovember 4, starting in 2005, and also (under a different name) was celebrated until 1917. The last holiday (non-working) day of the year. Today you will get acquainted with the history of this holiday, the heroes and events that marked the beginning of the celebration of this holiday.
Slide #2/3 History…
Almost 4 centuries ago, in early November, the people's militia, led by the merchant Minin and the voivode Pozharsky, drove the Polish invaders out of Moscow and marked the beginning of the end of the so-called Time of Troubles.
In the Time of Troubles, the False Dmitrys were just rampant, they could not share power among themselves, all the boyars, and the Commonwealth was already planning where and what in Rus' it would erect when it took it into its own hands.
It dragged on for a long time, and if the plans of the Polish gentry came true, then we would not live with you either in the USSR or in Russia. Who knows who we would be now? ..
The militia of Minin and Pozharsky is unique in that it is the only example in Russian history when the fate of the country and the state was decided by the people themselves, without the participation of the authorities as such.
The people threw their last pennies into arms and went to liberate the land and restore order in the capital. They did not go to war for the king - he was not there. The Ruriks are over, the Romanovs have not yet begun. Our great-great-great-great-great-grandfathers went to fight for the land many times, and they won.
Then all classes, all nationalities, villages, cities and metropolises united.
This day is rightly called the Day of National Unity. There has never been another day like this in Russian history.
Slide #4
October 22 to old style(or Nov. 1 By new style) V year, militia fighters led byKuzma Minina And Dmitry Pozharsky stormed China town, the Commonwealth garrison retreated toKremlin. Prince Pozharsky entered Kitai-Gorod withKazan Icon of the Mother of Godand vowed to build a temple in memory of this victory. On October 26 (November 5, according to a new style), the command of the interventionist garrison signed a surrender, releasing the Moscow boyars and other nobles from the Kremlin at the same time, and the next day the garrison surrendered. At the end of February 1613Zemsky Soborelected new kingMikhail Romanov, the first Russian tsar from the dynastyRomanovs.
Slide number 5 Heroes ...
Pozharsky Dmitry Mikhailovich, prince, originally from the Starodub princes, statesman and military leader of Russia.
(1578-1642)
Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky was born on November 1, 1578. From 1598 Pozharsky was a lawyer and a member of the Zemsky Sobor, from 1602 he was a steward. He took an active part in the suppression of the uprising led by I.I. Bolotnikov. In 1608-1610 he supported Vasily Shuisky. Pozharsky was a member of the 1st people's militia against the Polish-Lithuanian invaders. In March 1611, during the fighting in Moscow, he was wounded.
From the end of 1611, Pozharsky was one of the leaders and inspirers of the II people's militia. After the expulsion of the Polish invaders from Moscow, the candidacy of Dmitry Mikhailovich was considered as a possible candidate for the Russian throne.
In 1612-1613, together with Prince Dmitry Timofeevich Trubetskoy, Pozharsky led the provisional government. In 1615, he led the military operations of Russian forces against the Polish interventionists in the south-west of the country. In 1618 he participated in a campaign against the Polish troops led by King Vladislav.
Pozharsky enjoyed great prestige at court, led the Yamsky, Robbery, Prikazny affairs and Judgment orders. He participated in negotiations with England (1617), Poland (1635), Crimea (1630-1640).
Kuzma Minin (Sukhoruk), one of the organizers of the 2nd People's Militia.
(?-1616)
At the beginning of the 17th century, Kuzma Minin was a townsman in Nizhny Novgorod. On September 1, 1611, he was elected zemstvo headman and led the fundraising for the people's militia and the movement to organize it. The military leadership was taken over by Prince D.M. Pozharsky.
Prior to the convening of the Zemsky Sobor in 1613, Minin was a member of the "Council of All the Earth", which performed the functions of the government. In 1613, Minin became a member of the Boyar Duma, receiving the rank of duma nobleman.
Slide #6
This icon The Mother of God appeared in the city of Kazan - hence her name - to a nine-year-old girl Matrona. The phenomenon was repeated three times, about which the girl told the Kazan bishop, who, at the direction of Matrona, found the icon in the ground and made a procession with it.
The icon was brought from Kazan to MoscowPrince Dmitry Pozharsky, who entered the capital with the militia on October 22 (November 4, according to a new style), 1613 and liberated the city from the Poles. After the expulsion of the enemies, the prince fulfilled his vow: he built a church in Moscow in the name of the Kazan Mother of God, where they installed the icon.
Slide #8
IN year by decree of the kingAlexey Mikhailovichday of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, October 22 (old style), was declared a public holiday, which was celebrated for centuries until of the year.
According to Orthodox church calendarthis day is celebrated"Celebration Kazan Icon of the Mother of God(in memory of deliveranceMoscow And Russia from Poles per year)" falling on October 22 tojulian calendar. Due to the increase over the past century, the difference betweenGregorian And Julianthis day has shifted toNovember 4(and in XXII centuryshifted to November 5).
Slide №9/10
P Monument to Minin and Pozharsky in Moscow
In 1818, in Moscow on Red Square, the grand opening of the first sculptural monument in the city, built with funds raised by public subscription, took place. "To Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky - a grateful Russia in the summer of 1818," read the inscription on the pedestal of the monument. Created in 1804-1818 by the Russian sculptor Ivan Petrovich Martos, the monument captured the leaders of the national resistance of 1611-1613 - Kuzma Minich Minin and Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky. The pedestal of the monument was decorated with bas-reliefs "Citizens of Nizhny Novgorod" and "Expulsion of the Poles". The work was destined to become a masterpiece of Russian monumental art.
Slide №12/13
The history of the establishment of the holiday today
The immediate reason for the introduction of the new holiday was the planned cancellation of the celebrationNovember 7, which in the minds of people is associated with the anniversaryOctober Revolution of 1917.
Idea to celebrateNovember 4 How National Unity Day, was expressed Interreligious Council of Russia in September of the year.
She was supported by the Dumacommittee on labor and social policy, and thus acquired the status of a Duma initiative.
September 29Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus'Alexypublicly supported the initiativeDumasset November 4th celebration. “This day reminds us how, in 1612, Russians of different faiths and nationalities overcame division, overcame a formidable enemy and led the country to a stable civil peace,” said Patriarch Alexy.
The 4th of Octoberthe same initiative was publicly supported by the first deputy head of the faction"United Russia"Valery Bogomolov. In an interview
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