World Fair Trade Day. When is fair trade day. Free trade and the market fiasco

fair trade

fair trade(English) fair trade listen)) is an organized social movement that advocates fair standards of international labor, environmental and social regulation, as well as public policy regarding labeled and unlabeled goods, from handicrafts to agricultural products. In particular, this movement draws Special attention for the export of goods from developing to developed countries.

A common topic in fair trade discussions is criticism existing organization international trade as "unfair". Fair trade advocates argue that commodity price fluctuations do not guarantee a living wage for many manufacturers in developing countries, forcing them to borrow at extremely unfavorable terms. Fair trade advocates also believe that market prices do not reflect the true cost of production, which should include both environmental and social cost components.

Fairtrade aims to address these issues by establishing an alternative trading system for "ethical" goods that promotes economic development and offering better trading conditions for manufacturers and workers in developing countries.

Fair trade is often positioned as an alternative or replacement for free trade.

The second Saturday in May is International Fair Trade Day. On this day, various actions and events are held in many countries of Europe and North America, designed to draw attention to the social movement and talk about its goals. In 2009, Fair Trade Day coincided with May 9th.

Story

The first attempts to commercialize fair trade products in northern hemisphere markets were made in the 1940s and 1950s by religious groups and various political non-governmental organizations. "Ten Thousand Villages" Ten Thousand Villages ) - a non-governmental organization within the Mennonite Central Committee - and SERRV International were the first (in and 1949 respectively) to develop fair trade supply systems in developing countries. All products were almost exclusively handmade, from jute to cross-stitch, and were sold mainly in churches and fairs. The product itself often performed only a symbolic function of confirming the donation made.

solidary trade

Fair trade goods

The fair trade movement in its modern form developed in Europe in the 1960s. During this period, fair trade was often perceived as a form of political opposition to neo-imperialism: radical student movements against multinational corporations began to rise up, and critical voices emerged arguing that traditional business models were fundamentally flawed. The motto that emerged at that time - "Trade, not aid" ("Trade not Aid") - in 1968 received international recognition thanks to the UN Conference on Trade and Development, which, with its help, emphasized the need to establish fair trade relations with the countries of the developing world.

In 1969, the first specialty store selling Fair Trade goods - the so-called. worldshop - opened in the Netherlands. The initiative aimed to bring fair trade principles to the sector retail sales by selling, almost exclusively, only those goods that were produced under fair trade conditions in developing countries. The first store worked on a volunteer basis, but was so successful that dozens of such stores soon appeared in many countries of Western Europe.

During the 1960s and 1970s important part The work of the Fair Trade movement was to find markets for products from countries that were excluded from the main trade channels for political reasons. Thousands of volunteers sold coffee from Angola and Nicaragua in many worldshop, in the backyards of churches, in their own homes, in in public places using the product as a way to deliver a message: give developing country manufacturers an equal chance in the global market. Motion alternative trade flourished, even if not in terms of sales, but in the fact that dozens of ATOs were opened on both sides of the Atlantic, many worldshop, there have been many well-organized anti-exploitation actions and campaigns in support of the right to have equal access to world markets and buyers.

Handicraft production as opposed to agricultural goods

In the early 1980s, the main problem faced by the Alternative Trading Organizations was that the novelty of some fair trade products began to wear out, demand stopped growing, and some handicraft products began to look "tired and old fashioned" in the market. The downturn in the craft market has forced fair trade advocates to rethink their business model and goals. In addition, fair trade advocates during this period were increasingly concerned about the impact of falling agricultural prices on poor producers. Many then decided that it was the duty of the movement to fight this problem and look for innovative methods in order to respond to the approaching crisis in this industry.

In subsequent years, agricultural commodities played an important role in the growth of many ATOs: successful in the market, they were a sought-after, renewable source of income for producers, and served as an excellent complement to handicraft products for ATOs. The first Fairtrade agricultural products were tea and coffee, soon followed by dried fruits, cocoa, sugar, fruit juices, rice, spices and nuts. If in 1992 80% of the turnover was handicrafts, and 20% - agricultural, then in 2002 the ratio was 25.4% and 69.4% respectively.

The rise of labeling initiatives

Fairtrade sales only really took off when the first initiative to certify fair trade products was launched. Although Fairtrade was kept afloat by growing sales volumes, distribution took place in relatively small shops - worldshop- scattered throughout Europe and, to a lesser extent, North America. Some felt that these shops were out of touch with the lifestyle of modern, developed societies. The inconvenience of having to go to a separate store for one or two kinds of products was too much for even the most dedicated customers. The only way to increase sales opportunities was to offer Fairtrade products where shopping is usually done - in large retail chains. The problem was how, having expanded sales, not to force buyers to simply accept on faith the fair origin of this or that product.

The solution was found in 1988 when the first fair trade product certification initiative was launched. Max Havelaar created in the Netherlands under the initiative Nico Roozen, Frans Van Der Hoff and a Dutch NGO Solidaridad. Independent certification allowed goods to be sold outside Fairtrade specialty stores - in regular retail chains. This made it possible for the products to reach a larger number of buyers. Labeling, on the other hand, allowed buyers and distributors to track the origin of the product, to ensure that the product was beneficial to the manufacturer at the very end of the supply chain.

The idea was picked up: in subsequent years, similar non-profit organizations appeared in other European countries and North America. In 1997, the similarities between these organizations led to the creation of the International Fair Trade Label Organization - FLO. Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International ). FLO is an umbrella organization. Its tasks are to issue standards, to support, inspect and certify disadvantaged producers, to harmonize the message of Fair Trade within the movement.

In 2002 FLO issued a badge . Its aim is to make the sign more visible on supermarket shelves, to facilitate international trade and to simplify procedures for both manufacturers and importers. Currently, this certification mark is used in more than 50 countries and on hundreds of different products.

Fair Trade Today

Sales have skyrocketed in the last decade. The growth is especially noticeable among branded products: in 2007, these sales amounted to 2.3 billion euros - a 47% increase compared to the previous year. As of December 2007, 632 manufacturers in 58 developing countries have received Fair Trade certification from FLO-CERT.

Fair Trade Product Certification

The Fairtrade label is a certification system designed to enable buyers to recognize products that meet Fairtrade standards. Overseen by a standards publishing body (FLO International) and a certification body (FLO-CERT), the system includes independent audits of manufacturers and traders to ensure that all required standards are met.

In order for the product to bear the mark International Fair Trade Certification or Fair Trade Certified, its manufacturer must be FLO-CERT certified. The crop must be grown and harvested in accordance with FLO International standards. The supply chain must also be overseen by FLO-CERT to ensure the integrity of the product.

Fairtrade certification guarantees not only fair prices, but also the preservation of the principles of ethical consumption. These principles include adherence to ILO agreements such as prohibition of child and slave labor, workplace safety, the right to form trade unions, commitment to human rights, a fair price that covers the cost of production, community development, protection and conservation of nature. The Fair Trade Certification System also develops long-term business relationships between seller and buyer, crop pre-financing, and greater supply chain transparency.

The Fair Trade Certification system covers an expanding range of products: bananas, honey, coffee, oranges, cocoa, cotton, dried and fresh fruits and vegetables, juices, nuts, rice, spices, sugar, tea, wine. Companies that comply with Fair Trade standards may place the Fair Trade mark on their products.

Sign International Fair Trade Certification was released by FLO in 2002 and replaced 12 marks used by various Fairtrade labeling initiatives. New certification mark in this moment Used all over the world except USA and Canada. Sign Fair Trade Certified used in these two countries should be replaced in the future International Fair Trade Certification.

Membership in the Fair Trade Organization IFAT

In order to complement the system of certification of Fair Trade goods and allow manufacturers, who use mostly manual labor, to sell their goods also outside of specialized Fair Trade retail outlets (worldshops), the International Association of Fair Trade (IFAT) in 2004 issued a new sign to identify fair trade organizations (and not products, as the signs discussed above). Called FTO, it allows buyers worldwide to distinguish between registered Fair Trade Organizations and guarantees compliance with all standards regarding working conditions, pay, environment, use child labor.

Fair trade and politics

European Union

In 1998, the European Parliament passed the "Resolution on Fair Trade" (OJ C 226/73, 20.07.1998), which was followed by the adoption by the European Commission of "Communication from the Commission to the Council on "Fair Trade"" COM(1999) 619 final, 29.11. 1999.

In 2000, public institutions in Europe began to buy Fairtrade-certified coffee and tea. In the same year, the Cotonou Agreement made a special reference to the development of "Fair Trade" in Article 23 g) and in the Compedium. The European Parliament and Consular Directive 2000/36/EC also propose the promotion of "Fair Trade".

In 2001 and 2002, Fair Trade was explicitly mentioned in several EU documents. Most notable are the 2001 Green Paper on Corporate Social Responsibility and the 2002 Trade and Development Conference.

In 2004, the EU adopted the document "Agricultural Commodity Chain, Dependence and Poverty - the EU's intended action plan", specifically mentioning Fair Trade as a movement "setting the trend towards more socio-economically fair trade" (COM(2004)0089).

In 2005 at the meeting of the European Commission "Policy coherence for development - accelerating progress towards the achievement of the Millennium Goals" (COM (2005) 134 final, 12.04.2005) Fair Trade was mentioned as "a tool to reduce poverty and sustainable development» .

Finally, on July 6, 2006, the European Parliament unanimously adopted a resolution on Fair Trade, recognizing the progress made by the movement, proposing a pan-European strategy for Fair Trade, defining the criteria that must be met under the sign of Fair Trade in order to protect it from unauthorized use and calling for more support of Fair Trade (resolution "Fair Trade and development", July 6, 2006). “This resolution responds to the impressive growth of Fair Trade and demonstrates the growing interest of European consumers in responsible shopping,” said the Greens MEP Frithjof Schmidt during plenary debates. Peter Mandelson, EU Commissioner for Foreign Trade, said the resolution would be approved by the European Commission. “Fair Trade makes buyers think, and that's what matters the most. We need a coherent strategy, and this resolution will help us.”

Belgium

Belgian legislators discussed possible Fair Trade bills in 2006. In January 2008 legislators proposed possible interpretations and three proposals were discussed. However, no consensus has yet been reached.

France

In 2005 a member of the French Parliament, Anthony Hertz, published a report entitled "40 Opportunities to Support the Development of Fair Trade". The report was followed in the same year by legislation providing for the formation of a commission to certify Fair Trade organizations.

Parallel to the legislative activity, in 2006 the French branch of ISO, after five years of deliberation, adopted a background paper on Fair Trade.

Italy

In 2006, Italian legislators began debating bills relating to Fair Trade. A consultation process involving a wide range of stakeholders was launched in early October. To a large extent, a common interpretation of Fair Trade has been developed. However, the legislative project was put on hold by the political crisis of 2008.

Netherlands

The Dutch province of Groningen was sued in 2007 by coffee supplier Douwe Egberts for an explicit requirement for the supplier to comply with Fair Trade criteria: in particular, paying producers a minimum cost and a development allowance. Douwe Egberts, which sells many coffee brands for its own ethical reasons, found these requirements discriminatory. After several months of litigation, the province of Groningen won. Coen de Ruiter, director of the Max Havelaar Foundation, called the win a landmark event: “it gives government institutions the freedom in their purchasing strategy to require coffee suppliers that meet Fair Trade criteria. Now a consistent and meaningful contribution to the fight against poverty is made with every morning cup of coffee.”

Great Britain

In 2007, the Scottish and Welsh governments were actively trying to become "the world's first fair trade countries". In Wales, such a program was launched in 2004 by the Welsh National Assembly. In Scotland, First Minister Jack McCaonnell pledged that Scotland intended to become a "Fair Trade Nation".

In June 2007, a parliamentary committee published a report on Fair Trade and Development, criticizing the government "for not providing adequate support for Fair Trade, despite assurances that it intends to lift poor countries out of poverty."

The committee's report examined a number of ethical trading schemes and concluded that Fair Trade is "the gold standard in trade relations with the manufacturer." He called for more support for fair trade organizations both at home and abroad, and also recommended that the responsibility for fair trade be placed on high-ranking government officials. The report also suggested starting research into the possibility of a label that would force suppliers to display how much they pay farmers and workers in the developing world for any given product.

Fair Trade Standard Rationale

Implicitly, and often explicitly, Fair Trade blames existing international trade organizations in injustice. Fair Trade advocates insist on the need for this mechanism, referring to the microeconomic market fiasco in the current system, the commodity crisis and its impact on developing country producers.

Free trade and the market fiasco

All members of FINE and the Federation of Fair Trade support the principles of free trade in theory. However, Alex Nichols, professor of social enterprise at Oxford University, argues that "the key conditions on which classical and neoliberal trade theory is based are missing in agricultural societies in many developing countries." Perfect market awareness, perfect market access and credit, and the ability to change production techniques and products in response to market changes - fundamental provisions, which "do not work at all in the context of agricultural producers in developing countries" .

The example of coffee is particularly revealing: “Because it takes three to four years before a coffee plant produces enough coffee, and up to seven before it reaches peak production, it is difficult for farmers to respond quickly to market fluctuations. As a result, coffee supplies often increase when market prices fall. This leads farmers to increase production even more during falling prices in order to reduce unit costs. As a result, a negative cycle is formed, which only intensifies the fall in prices.

According to Fair Trade advocates, this example illustrates how the lack of perfect microeconomic conditions can deprive producers of profits from trade, if not even cause losses. Nichols says that this may be true in general in some markets, but "within developing countries, market conditions cannot be said to be such that the manufacturer clearly benefits from trade." The existence of such market fiascos reduces the opportunity for trade to lift these countries out of poverty.

Fair Trade is an attempt to remedy these market fiascos by guaranteeing producers stable prices, business support, access to Northern markets, and generally better trading conditions.

commodity crisis

Fair Trade advocates often point out that unregulated competition in the global market, even after the 1970s and 1980s, caused prices to race to the bottom. During 1970-2000, the prices of such major exports of developing countries as sugar, cotton, cocoa and coffee fell by 30-60%. According to the European Commission, "The ban on international economic interventionism of the late 1980s and the product market reform of the 1990s in developing countries left the commodity sector, and especially small producers, largely on their own to fight the demands of the market." Today, "manufacturers are in a state of unpredictability because the prices of a wide range of goods are highly volatile and, in addition, are subject to a general downward trend." The losses of developing countries due to falling prices amounted to over 250 billion dollars in the period 1980-2002, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

Millions of farmers depend on the prices of their crops. In more than 50 developing countries, three or fewer export items account for the majority of income items.

Many farmers, often with no other way to live, are forced to produce more and more, no matter how low prices are. Research has shown that the rural poor, that is, the majority of the population in developing countries, are hardest hit by the recession. Agriculture creates over 50% of jobs for people in developing countries, and this is 33% of their GDP.

Fairtrade advocates believe that current market prices do not reflect the true value of products. According to them, only a carefully designed system of minimum prices can cover the environmental and social costs associated with the production of products.

Criticism

The growing popularity of Fair Trade has drawn criticism from both ends of the political spectrum. Some economists and think tanks see Fair Trade as a form of growth-inhibiting subsidy. The Left criticizes Fairtrade for not adequately opposing the dominant trading system.

Price Distortion Argument

Opponents of Fair Trade, such as the Adam Smith Institute, argue that, like other farm subsidies, Fair Trade attempts to set a price cap that in many cases exceeds the market price, and thus encourages existing producers to produce more goods, as well as the emergence of new suppliers, leading to excess demand. According to the law of supply and demand, excess demand can cause prices to fall in the non-Free Trade market.

In 2003, the Vice President of Research defined Fair Trade as "a well-intentioned economic intervention scheme... destined to fail." Fairtrade, according to Lindsey, is a misguided attempt to correct a market fiasco in which one defective pricing structure is replaced by another. Lindsey's comments echo the main criticism of Fairtrade, stating that it "provokes producers to increase output." Bringing positive results to producers at the beginning, in the long run, according to the fears of critics, it can negatively affect further economic growth and development. Economic theory suggests that when prices are low due to overproduction, subsidies or other ways to artificially raise prices will only exacerbate the problem by causing more overproduction and drawing workers into unproductive activities.

The Fairtrade Foundation responds to the price distortion argument by arguing that Fairtrade is not trying to "fix prices". “Rather, it sets a floor price that ensures that farmers can cover the cost of sustaining production. The minimum price is not a fixed price. This is the starting point for market price formation. Many growers sell their products every day for more than this minimum threshold due to the quality, the type of coffee bean (or other product), the special origin of their products. The floor price mechanism provides the most vulnerable participants in the consumption chain with assurance that they can cover their basic costs in times of crisis. In effect, it provides a safety net to keep markets from falling below the level needed to maintain consistent production.”

The Fairtrade floor price only has an impact when the market price is below it. When the market price exceeds the minimum, the market price should be used.

Some academics, including Hayes, Becchetti, and Rosati, have also developed two counterarguments:

Fair trade in Russia

At the moment, Fair Trade as a social movement in Russia is underdeveloped, it consists, on the one hand, of a small number of individual activists and small groups, and on the other hand, it is represented by units of producers (for example, Clipper, Qi-Teas)

Notes

International Fair Trade Association. (2005).Crafts and Food. URL accessed on August 2, 2006.
Hockerts, K. (2005). The Fair Trade Story. p1
(English) . WFTO (June 7, 2009). Archived from the original on January 21, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
Fair trade history (Scott, Roy)
. International Labor Office. p6
Nicholls, A. & Opal, C. (2004). Fair Trade: Market-Driven Ethical Consumption. London: Sage Publications.
Renard, M.-C., (2003). Fair trade: quality, market and conventions. Journal of Rural Studies, 19, 87-96.
Redfern A. & Snedker P. (2002) Creating Market Opportunities for Small Enterprises: Experiences of the Fair Trade Movement . International Labor Office. p7
Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International (2008). http://www.fairtrade.net/single_view.html?&cHash=d6f2e27d2c&tx_ttnews=104&tx_ttnews=41. URL accessed on May 23, 2008.
Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International (2008). www.fairtrade.net URL accessed on June 16, 2008.
FINE (2006). Business Unusual. Brussels: Fair Trade Advocacy Office
Frithjof Schmidt MEP (2006). Parliament in support of Fair Trade URL accessed on August 2, 2006.

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Among the events traditionally organized on this day are exhibitions, seminars, conferences, in which manufacturing companies from different countries of the world, promoting the principles of fair trade, which must comply with international standards. In addition, these events are aimed at creating a negative public attitude towards slave labor and drawing people's attention to the environmental conditions for the production of goods.

Fair trade is a social movement, designed to uphold international standards and public policy regarding labeled and unlabeled goods. The focus is on goods exported from developing countries to developed ones.

Fair trade goods can be food such as tea, coffee, cocoa, bananas, as well as handicrafts and clothing. The main thing is that they should be produced without the use of slave and child labor.

For example, topics in different years were the words: Fair Trade + Ecology (calling manufacturers to produce environmentally friendly and safe products), Trade for people: fair trade - your world (TRADE FOR PEOPLE - Fair Trade your world).

Detailed description:

(date for 2018) World Fair Trade Day is celebrated annually on the second Saturday of May, and May is considered Fair Trade Month.

The Day, led by the World Fair Trade Organization, allows approximately 350 producer collectives and fair trade organizations from 70 countries to declare their participation in fair trade.

Among the events traditionally organized on this day are exhibitions, seminars, conferences, in which manufacturing companies from around the world take part, promoting the principles of fair trade, which must comply with international standards.

In addition, these events are aimed at creating a negative public attitude towards slave labor and drawing people's attention to the environmental conditions for the production of goods. The main thing is that they be produced without the use of slave and child labor.

In order to answer the question of what date is World Fair Trade Day in Russia, you should know what kind of holiday it is and when it is usually celebrated in other countries.

This significant day, as its name implies, has an international status. The holiday is celebrated every year on the second Saturday of May. In 2020 it will be may 13. The whole of May as a whole also fits under the auspices of fair trade. Various events aimed at discussing modern economic problems under the angle of democratic and humanistic principles.

May 13, 2020 - Fair Trade Day

Fair Trade is a social movement whose goals are to uphold international standards and public policy in the field of trade. Particular attention is paid to the production of goods in developing countries. In this case we are talking on the prohibition of the use of slave and child labor. The World Fair Trade Organization also advocates for the protection of the environment. Each year, a special slogan is chosen for the holiday.

There are 350 organizations and 70 states in the World Fair Trade Organization. Some presenters Russian companies are also included in the membership. In this regard, the Russian Federation also regularly celebrates fair trade day together with the entire world community.

Traditionally, various events are organized on this day at different levels. Among these are international industrial exhibitions, economic seminars. Scientific conferences are also traditionally held. The purpose of these events is to promote the principles of fair trade in various fields both economic and social. Participating companies strive to achieve the formation in society of a negative attitude towards the exploitation of slave and child labor, as well as violations of environmental standards in the production process. Representatives of the organization aim to bring trade to the ideals of honesty, justice and democracy.

Despite the fact that the initiator of the creation of the holiday was public organization, he actively walks around the world. Many countries, even non-participating countries, provide various support for the organization of the event and provide various benefits to fair trade companies.

In general, the main initiators of this holiday are the public movement Fair Trade, which advocates fair standards for regulating most aspects international trade. Moreover, they purposefully oppose their own to those generally accepted, considering them unfair.

The essence of the movement

If we simplify the situation as much as possible, we get the following picture. The classical market economy does not take into account social, environmental and a number of other aspects in the process of price formation.

There is, for example, a huge agro-industrial complex. Due to mass production, a conveyor system, the cheapest, but completely unfriendly fertilizers and much more, he is able to keep the price of each individual product at a minimum level, winning at the expense of quantity. The consumer actively buys, getting something of average quality, but suitable.

And there is a farmer who monitors the environment, provides jobs, uses normal fertilizers. And in order to stay "in the black", he has to raise the price significantly above the very minimum market price that the already mentioned agro-industrial complex sets. And consumers are not particularly eager to buy something from him, because it's expensive.

So, the main point of the theory of fair trade is that it is the farmer who is doing the right thing here. That products should have a certain minimum price that would allow the farmer to survive without subsidies. And yes, this price can be significantly higher than the market price. And consumers, if they care about social justice, ecology and human rights, should understand and support this. Because it's fair.

For the same reasons, producers from developing countries cannot compete with global corporations- in any case, their products will be more expensive and of lower quality compared to similar products from large monopolists. And if there is no profit, how can developing countries develop? But no way. And it's not fair.

That is, in fact, “fair trade” is a kind of protectionism, when the consumer is forced to pay more simply in order to take into account the numerous and diverse interests of others.

And what of it?

Fortunately, there is always an alternative. You can buy products with a beautiful Fair Trade label, feeling that your money will really help business development, improve the environment and compensate for social injustice. Or you can ignore all this and act solely for reasons of personal necessity. This is rational, but does not correspond to the interests of civil and socially conscious society.

In any case, it is better to know that every additional dollar spent on the purchase of a product under the brand name "fair trade" will benefit society than to overpay for the dubious prefix "eco", which does not mean at all that the product is really eco-friendly.

But this trend will not come to our country soon. Although, to be honest, it would be really beneficial for us, as a developing economy. It would help to compete with the Europeans in their markets.

And that's about everything here, only more colorful, more verbose and with concrete examples, and spoken at the numerous conferences and events hosted by the Fair Trade Organization on this day.

We also believe that you would be interested to know what the world's leading economists are doing in the near future. To tell the truth, these forecasts are not very encouraging.

Today, in stores, you can increasingly see products equipped with special markings. These marks indicate, as a rule, that we have before us - environmentally friendly, and therefore not hazardous to health products. Examples of such signs on trade items: “non-GMO”, “free of surfactants, parabens and SLS”, “made from natural raw materials”, “approved by dermatologists”, etc. The voiced fact perfectly illustrates the concept of "fair trade". It is even dedicated to a separate international holiday - World Fair Trade Day, celebrated by all those interested in selling and buying the "right" goods every spring.

About World Fair Trade Day

There is no exact date for the celebration of World Fair Trade Day. Each time it falls on different days, but it always happens in May, namely, on the second Saturday of the spring month. In addition, May is called the period of fair trade. In 2020, World Fair Trade Day falls on the 9th of May.

When the holiday appeared is not known for certain. It is organized and supervised by the World Fair Trade Organization. The purpose of this large-scale action is to convey to the consciousness and awareness of sellers the need and principles of the strategy promoted by the celebration. the main objective world day fair trade - to ensure that manufacturers release and further sell goods that meet international standards. This holiday is also a great opportunity for commercial companies involved in the sale of branded products to demonstrate themselves as fair traders.

World Fair Trade Day is a day of cultivating noble aspirations and condemning antisocial, inhumane actions that have become a habit for many manufacturers. The latter include:

exorbitantly high prices, exceeding the cost and purchase price of the goods by several, or even tens of times;

the use of child labor (typical for third world countries);
paying penny salaries to their employees at 12 or even 16-hour labor day; when working day and night shifts;
production of goods with a violation of technology and the use of products hazardous to health.

On World Fair Trade Day, the organizers hold conferences, discussions, round tables, thematic meetings of businessmen. There are also interesting expositions highlighting current problems in the field of economy and trade; exhibitions and seminars.

History reference

World Fair Trade Day is a great opportunity to look back into history. From time immemorial, the word "trade" caused people not too pleasant associations. In the minds of our ancestors, this term was strongly associated with fraud. The fact that trade can be fair and just was not even thought of in those days - it seemed to be something out of the realm of fantasy.

It was only in 1940 that such a concept was not just talked about, but the irrational idea began to be put into practice. A firm called 10,000 Villages appeared on the market, supplying countries from the developing segment with handmade goods. These were textile gizmos, embroidered accessories and other attributes, jute products, wicker souvenirs. Prices for these goods were set purely symbolic.

The second push to form the fair trade movement came 20 years later. It was initiated by hippies who organized a protest against slave labor in production and farms. Following this, in the UK, where, in fact, the riot took place, the first ethical goods store opened. It sold products made in various techniques of arts and crafts and crafts.

Lavka used an alternative trade strategy in her work. Its functioning was based on the principle of “helping by selling”. The shop quickly found its customers, and the idea itself turned out to be so popular that similar outlets began to open in other European countries.

Directly for a current called fair trade, arose after another two decades, in the 80s. Thanks to the activities of its participants, such mandatory measures as labeling and certification of goods were introduced into production. Basically, the “Fairtrade” mark was applied to products of a different nature, which meant:

firstly, the use of ecological raw materials in the manufacture of the product;
secondly, the compliance of working conditions at the enterprise that produced the products with international standards;
thirdly, the absence of emissions of chemicals into the soil during the production of goods;
fourthly, the manufacture of products without involving minors in the process.

Among other things, the social movement has its own individual motto: "Fair trade is not begging."

Basic principles of fair trade

Let's talk about the principles of fair trade on this unusual holiday of World Fair Trade Day.

1. Transparency of the actions of the entrepreneur and the creation of regular reports and his activities. A fair trade firm maintains safe, fair dealings with trading partners and helps small businesses grow their businesses.

2. Establishing a fair price for products. Unlike the capitalist regime, this movement provides for decent wages for participants in the production process and products - the manufacturer himself.

3. Organization of good working conditions. They are obliged to comply with the norms of legislation at various levels and ILO acts and are aimed at obscuring the safety for the health of people involved in the production process, and their moral satisfaction from the functions performed.

4. Protection of nature. This principle is manifested in the fact that raw materials for the manufacture of goods are used from local sources, energy - from renewable resources. It should also be noted that minimizing the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere and environment during the production process.

5. To give development opportunities to low-income entrepreneurs. This phrase, in fact, is the key goal of the World Fair Trade Organization. It implies the fight against poverty through the sale of their own goods.

6. Prohibition of use in the production process of free work force and child labour. For their participation in the manufacture of environmentally friendly products, any person should receive a decent income. Children may also be involved in this process, but only on a voluntary basis and unless the working conditions are harmful to health, incapacitate or impair the safety of the child. In addition, minors in this case receive the same amount of money for their work as adults.

7. No discrimination based on gender, religion or race. All people, no matter what, have the right to participate in the production of goods. In addition, they are allowed to form trade unions.