Production instructions for chemical analysis laboratory assistant. Photo of a working day The procedure for creating a card consists of the following steps:

For quantity planning purposes staffing units, as well as studying the degree of employment and labor productivity of certain employees, a photograph of the staff’s working hours is used with the execution of a document of the same name. It allows the company's management to make the right decision when forming the company's staff, job descriptions, establishing standards and plans.

– this is the continuous observation of the work of employees by the responsible official, recording the exact time of each process.

The main goal of this method is to increase the productivity of personnel and identify existing reserves when using these resources in the company, as well as to reduce costs both per unit of product and for the enterprise as a whole.

The tasks of photography include calculating the total amount of time spent by all workers, the amount of products produced in a specific period of time, taking into account possible losses, rational construction of the work process, as well as identifying sources for increasing labor productivity.

By studying the data received, economists and managers develop standards and draw up company plans and budgets, as well as adjust it. Photography can also be carried out after the introduction of new automated equipment, which will result in the release of workers.

Basically, the responsibility for studying working hours rests with specialists personnel service or economic department. Photography can be carried out both of the entire work process and of a specific stage, team or specific specialist.

At the preparatory stage, before the study, the goals of this event are determined, current standards are studied, job responsibilities and candidates whose activities in the organization will be examined are considered. To obtain high results, it is more advisable to choose for observation professional workers with significant work experience or better labor productivity.

In some cases, self-photography is allowed, in which the employee independently records in the report the corresponding time and duration of his work. This will allow the employee to independently identify wastage at work and increase the efficiency of work without the involvement of outside observers.

During the observation process, a report is compiled called a workday photo map. There is no standardized form for it. The completed form must contain certain details. As a rule, companies develop a form, which, if necessary, is filled out by the responsible person.

Then an analysis of the received information is carried out, based on the results of which deviations are identified, and further decisions are made.

Photo of a working day, example of filling

The document indicates the name of the company and its structural division. Next is its name, number and date of observation.

Full name and full name are recorded on the work time photo card. the selected employee, profession by education, position held and the name of the work performed.

Then you need to briefly describe the work the person does.

In the tabular part of the document, information is filled in for each stage of the work process, indicating the name and code (if a coding system is used). The following columns indicate the beginning and end of each stage, as well as the duration. The “Note” column can reflect the quantity of products produced and other explanatory information.

Below the table is a summary of the photograph of the work, in which you need to calculate and write down separately:

• Preparatory and final time.
• Workplace maintenance time.
• Operational time.
• Time for breaks.

The document is signed by the head of the structural unit in which the observation took place, as well as by the responsible official who carried out it. At the same time, their positions are indicated and their full names are deciphered.

To accurately determine the points of a job description, analyze workload, as well as the work efficiency of any employee, a photograph of a working day can be used. You will find an example of filling it out below in this article.

It is known that all labor resources must work with maximum efficiency. Each of its mechanisms must work like a clock. And if ordinary line personnel need to comply established standards time, then how to monitor the work of the engineering and technical department?

A way to track an employee's workload

This problem can be solved using

This tool will allow you to understand whether the worker has free time, or whether he is completely devoted to the work process. But even if he does not have a minute of rest, using the example below of filling out a photograph of a working day, you can easily determine what his efficiency is.

How to draw it up and who should do it?

You can either use your own standardizers, which are available at all large enterprises, or use the services of private companies for normalization and standardization. However, it is always cheaper to do any work on your own, especially since it is not difficult to understand this issue using the example of filling out a photograph of a working day given below.

For those who want to standardize an accountant, engineer or any other employee, you should familiarize yourself with the job description, work schedule, and main areas of work before taking the photo.

This must be done so that the person being examined cannot mislead the standardizer. After all, there is simply no point in measurements in which a worker deliberately slows down or stops the work process.

When compiling, you can focus on approved national standards

Before using the example of filling out a photograph of a working day given below, it is worth getting acquainted with the developed and approved standards for performing certain works. Although today there are some norms that have been in force since the times of the Soviet Union. Of course, you don’t need to focus on the total time, but the sequence of actions, the composition of the work and the use of auxiliary materials will be very useful when forming new measurements.

Let's consider specific example Filling out a photo of the working day:

			Job title
		Ivanova Anzhelika Evgenievna	accountant
Working day		Start of the day	End of the day
Monday
Working day photo
	Process name			Duration, min	Process index
	Open the office, turn on the computer, prepare the workplace
	Open the 1C program, download and print transaction documents
	Prepare documents for payroll
	Agree on salary amounts with the chief accountant
	Produce in 1C program
	Lunch break
	Working with the client bank (entering salary information)
	Collecting information on services for drawing up an advance report
	Preparation of an advance report
	Arrange reports and documents in folders, put folders in their places, turn off the computer, clean the workplace
	End of the working day
Total measured, of which:
				20 days of accountant. An example of filling out shows how you can skillfully create a time sheet for an administrative-managerial employee. But to understand the time efficiency, you need to understand what is indicated in the “process index” column. What is time spent on? PPP is a preparatory and final process. This group includes operations related to preparing the workplace for working day or to completion labor activity. OP - operational process. This directly includes all the work that is in the job description and the employee must perform them. VO - time for rest or personal needs. These are breaks in the production process, which are regulated by the working day. DP - additional processes. This group contains works that are not included in the OP, but without them it is impossible to start work. For example, for those who work at the machine, this is setting up equipment, preparing work surfaces, etc. NTV is a non-operational waste of time. This group includes all the time that was not spent on the work process (phone calls with family, going to the store, resolving personal issues, etc.). What does the above photograph of a working day indicate? The filling example above can be used to analyze workload and labor efficiency employee. It can be seen that there is no non-operational waste of time; minimal time is spent on rest or personal needs. The employee spends the rest of his time performing his immediate duties. To understand where it goes work time, I need a photo of the working day. The filling example for an engineer will not differ from the above, since the above form is also suitable for engineering and technical personnel. Just the types and names of works may differ.

It happens that an employee at the workplace does not have time to complete the tasks assigned to him. The reasons for this may be different - low qualifications, too much workload, or he is simply doing the wrong thing at work. Actually, this can be verified by conducting a special study. Working day photo: example of filling, and assignment cases should be considered in detail.

Workday Photography (WPD) is a tool that helps increase the productivity of any company, although at the first stage it helps to know where exactly the employee/employees spend their working hours.

Working time photography is a method that helps to study the time spent by a particular employee on certain actions during work. All observations and measurements obtained during the process are documented; a sample and example of filling out a photograph of a working day will be presented below.

If you successfully master the method, it will help you obtain unique data regarding the organization of the work process of any employee, and find out the productivity of each person. That is, in the future, adjust the workload and ensure that everything is done so that work tasks are completed.

An extremely detailed study and notation of the results will help find the answer to the following questions:

1. How much time does the employee (researched) spend on each type of work he encounters daily?
2. How long does it take different workers to perform the same tasks?
3. Are there opportunities to improve labor efficiency and what is needed for this?
4. Is it possible to simplify or eliminate any stages or transfer them to other structural units?
5. Options for setting labor productivity standards.
6. Reasons for non-compliance with existing work standards.
7. How effectively does a particular employee use his or her working time?
8. Are there technical problems that prevent you from completing your tasks?

Important! A photograph of working hours provides information that can be used in the future by economists and managers to draw up company plans and budgets, and adjust them.

Some features

Among the features of this process are the following:

• FRD may occur after the introduction of new equipment that relieves some workers of their duties.
• This type of work is often performed by an authorized HR employee.
• Photographs can be taken throughout the day, as well as certain operations, stages, a team or one specialist.
• Before starting FRD, it is necessary to determine the goals and job responsibilities of the subjects being studied.
• Sometimes self-photography is allowed, that is, for the photograph of working hours to be taken by the employee whose activities need to be tracked. In this case, it is understood that he himself makes all the entries in the report and records the time periods spent on certain actions. This technique will help the employee determine in what periods his working time is wasted irrationally.

Types of FRD

There is a division into types depending on the number of objects that will be monitored. More specifically:

1. Individual – concerns the study of the working time of a specific employee, while the detail of the effort expended will be as much as possible.
2. Group photography – this photograph of a working day involves observing the activities of a group of employees who are connected by certain work processes. The main task of this study is to check how effective the interaction is, whether their actions are coordinated, how busy each of them is, and check other processes.
3. Comprehensive – reveals the interrelationships of work processes. It turns out to study the rhythm of work, the rationality of using equipment. This method will be useful if you need to develop actions aimed at increasing labor efficiency.

Note! In order to obtain an extremely accurate picture and true data, photography is carried out over several days, weeks and even months.

Who benefits from FRD data?

A photograph of working hours will provide a lot of useful data for the manager and owner of the company. They get a picture of employee performance. Also, this data will be useful for the HR manager, the HR department for the formation of job descriptions, staff, etc.

Of course, the data obtained as a result of the FRD will help the employees themselves if they are interested in increasing the efficiency of their work and fulfilling their job responsibilities.

Procedure for conducting FRD

Photographing working time is a process that requires the utmost scrupulousness and attentiveness from the performer. He literally needs to record everything, including telephone conversations on personal topics.

It all starts with preparation, defining a goal. So, if the purpose of observation is to determine whether employees are following the rules, then photographing groups of employees can be carried out at once. If labor discipline is violated, it will be noticeable immediately. For example, they often go on smoke breaks or drink tea outside the designated periods, instead of doing work.

In situations where it is necessary to optimize the working day of one employee, a photograph of the working day is taken individually for each. Not only what he does is recorded, but also the processes of interaction with other employees and their effectiveness.

Important! FRD can be carried out either explicitly or covertly, that is, without informing the employee about it. As practice shows, it is the second option that helps to identify where most of the working time is actually spent. If the second method is chosen, then at the preparation stage you should come up with a legend regarding the implementation of the observer.

It is worth noting that the final results depend on the instruction and training of those who will conduct the FRD. Also at this stage, you should agree on the forms on which the information will be entered.

Rules for entering data into the FRD

In order for the form to meet the requirements, you must enter the following information:

• Name of the company, its structural division.
• Name of observation, number and date of its implementation.
• The form itself contains data regarding the employee being monitored - full name, profession, position, work performed.
• Brief description of his job responsibilities.

This is followed by a tabular part in which specific time costs and a description of the actions that took this time are entered. For example:

1. Turning on the computer – 5 minutes.
2. Smoke break – 10 minutes.
3. Communication with clients – 45 minutes.

And such a chronology records all the actions performed by the employee during the working day. All observations are carried out in real time. At the end, a summary is made where the following important time costs are calculated:

• Preparatory and final actions.
• Time for workplace maintenance.
• Operational time.
• Time for breaks.

Important! The document must be signed by the head of the structural unit where the subject works.

Conclusion

Working time photography is an effective tool for checking what employees are doing and why they are not able to complete the tasks assigned to them. Such observation will help, among other things, identify applicants for dismissal or find out how many people need to be added to the staff.

One of the reserves for increasing the efficiency of any organization is the more productive use of labor resources. In this case, a simple and effective tool for obtaining and analyzing objective data is a working day photograph (WPD).

Working day photo is a method that allows you to study the time allocation of a specific employee by observing, measuring and documenting each and every time spent on work activities during the work day.

Mastering the FRD method allows you to obtain unique results in the field of personnel management and its productivity, even in conditions of incomplete coverage of work performed in the company by standardization. The FDD process is aimed at determining the time spent on each operation, identifying and analyzing the reasons for failure to complete tasks, optimizing labor process generally.

A working day photograph provides answers to the following questions:

1. How much time does an employee spend on a certain type of work?

2. How long does it take different employees to complete the same type of work?

3. Is it possible to increase labor productivity and by what means?

4. Is it possible to omit (simplify) any of the business processes or delegate them to other departments?

5. How to establish labor productivity standards and identify the reasons for non-compliance with these standards?

Types of FRD

Depending on the number of observation objects and the target task, the following types working day photos:

. individual— determine the time spent by individual performers, which allows you to study the work with the maximum degree of detail;

. group— monitor the activities of several employees interconnected by the work process, for further rational distribution of responsibilities between group members. The main purpose of group photography is to study the consistency of the work of group members, the degree of their workload, the organization of work, to identify the causes and duration of lost working time, and to investigate other issues that do not require precise time measurements;

. comprehensive- makes it possible to identify the relationship between individual production processes, study the production rhythm of work, determine the degree of rational use of equipment, develop specific measures aimed at increasing labor efficiency. In this case, a group of observers studies the work of a team, workshop, department or enterprise as a whole, which makes it possible to cover the entire set of production processes or a significant part of them;

. self photography— the specialist independently measures the time of his activity.

Important detail: In order to obtain more objective and reliable data, comprehensive photographs of the working day are taken over several days (weeks, months).

PURPOSES OF USING THE FRD

A working day photo can be used for different purposes:

1. Determining the structure of working time, identifying the most costly operations and types of work.

2. Studying the experiences of the best employees. The working time budget of employees who demonstrate the best results can be used as a basis for setting goals, assessing employee performance, and finding optimal ways to organize work.

3. Setting standards. Analysis of data on several employees allows you to obtain initial information for developing labor standards. Moreover, the FRD method is used for several employees with different work efficiency in order to increase the validity of the standards.

4. Identification of reasons for non-compliance with standards. If standards already exist, but individual employees regularly do not comply with them, then using a photograph of the working day, you can identify the reasons for this situation.

5. Identification of lost working time. With the help of EDF, it is possible to determine at what stages of the work process losses of working time occur and what causes them: ineffective work organization, irrationally constructed technology or employee dishonesty.

6. Improving the labor organization process at the enterprise. FRD allows you to describe the business processes existing in a company and evaluate how optimal they are.

7. Assessing employee performance. Observing the work of an employee and assessing his time spent on various work operations is an opportunity to assess the level of his professionalism and motivation.

TECHNOLOGY OF CARRYING OUT FRD

The technology for taking photographs of a working day consists of several stages.

Stage 1. Preparation for taking photographs of the working day.

At the initial stage, the goals for taking photographs of the working day are established. Based on the goals set, the type and methodology for conducting EDF are determined.

If main goal FRD is monitoring staff compliance with internal labor regulations, then a working day photograph can be taken simultaneously from a group of employees (grouping employees by structural unit or by type of work performed). Violations labor discipline will be noticeable immediately.

If it's necessary identify lost working time, optimize the company's business processes, then a photograph of the working day must be taken individually for each employee, carefully recording the operations performed by him, interaction with other employees and structural divisions.

Also, at the first stage, it is necessary to decide whether to inform employees about the FRD or whether it is worth coming up with a suitable legend for introducing an observer.

IT IS IMPORTANT

The preparatory stage involves the preparation (instruction and training) of observers. The results obtained largely depend on preparation.

It will not be superfluous to agree on the FRD forms in advance in order to correctly reflect the necessary information in them. This is especially important if the study will be carried out simultaneously in several structural units by different observers.

Stage 2. Photographing the working day.

Photographing is carried out according to the current time. The measurement results are recorded in the observation sheet (Table 1-3). In columns 1 and 2, the observer records the start and end times of each new action (inaction). In column 4 he describes the actions, in column 5 he enters a list of equipment necessary to complete the work. Each record shows either what the employee did or what caused his inaction.

Each element of work or break must be documented separately. Particularly clear distinctions should be made between elements of workplace maintenance work, as well as breaks in work, taking into account their nature and reasons. In this case, columns 1, 2, 4, 5 of the observation sheet are filled in directly during the observation process, and columns 3, 6 - when processing the photographic results.

Photo of an economist's working day

This photograph was taken on 03/18/2016 using the method of direct measurements of time spent on the basis of the Manager’s Order No. 147 dated 03/09/2016 in order to study the expenditure of working time during the employee’s working day.

The results are presented in table. 1.

FULL NAME. employee: Petrova A.I.

Work experience in the specialty: 2 years.

Table 1. Photo of an economist’s working day
				Equipment	Note
			Turning on the computer
			Clarification by phone of the content of the required information. Distribution of planned performance indicators of the department according to requests by e-mail	Computer, telephone, Internet connection
				Telephone set
			Collection of the necessary initial information for analyzing the implementation of planned indicators production sites Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC	Computer, telephone, Internet connection
			Analysis of the implementation of planned indicators for production of products by production sites of the Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC according to the reports of the heads of production sites	Computer
			Clarification of physical and monetary indicators from report executors	Telephone, Internet connection
			Making changes to the analytical report on the implementation of planned indicators	Computer
			Preparation of analytical notes to the head of the department on the feasibility of introducing new materials in the production of products	Computer
			Going out for personal needs, smoking break
			Analysis of the wage fund of the Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC for the month	Computer, telephone
			Conversation on personal topics by phone	Telephone set
			Planning the payroll for the next month
			Completion of work, turning off equipment, order in the workplace	Computer, printer, telephone

The photograph of the working day was presented to: economist Petrova A.I.

__________/Petrova A.I./

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

__________/Ryabchenko A.R./

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

This photograph was taken on 03/17/2016 using the method of direct measurements of time spent on the basis of the Manager’s Order No. 147 dated 03/09/2016 in order to study the expenditure of working time during the employee’s working day.

The results are presented in table. 2.

FULL NAME. employee: Makarova S.V.

Employee position: accountant.

Work experience in the specialty: 13 years.

Division: Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC.

Table 2. Photo of an accountant's working day
Action (operation) start time	End time of action (operation)	Duration of the operation (action), min.	Work performed (action)	Equipment	Note
			Turning on the computer, enabling sorting of electronic databases
			Reception and control of primary documentation for accounting areas and preparing them for accounting processing. Return of documents not executed in the appropriate order to the originators
			Examination Email, familiarization with the contents	Computer, Internet connection
			Preparation and sending of the necessary information on the cost of manufactured products in the reporting quarter at the request of the head of the department (sampling, photocopying of invoices of third-party organizations, cost calculations by type of product, etc.)	Copier, computer, printer, Internet connection
			Going out for personal needs, smoking break
			Carrying out work on accounting fixed assets	Computer, printer
			Lunch break
			Carrying out work on accounting of production costs	Computer, printer
			Verification with service providers over the phone	Computer, telephone
			Checking email, familiarizing yourself with the contents	Computer, Internet connection
			Scan payroll documents and email them to company headquarters	Computer, scanner, Internet connection
			Going out for personal needs, smoking break
			Meeting with the head of the department on changes in tax legislation
			Preparation of documents for transfer to the archive
			Turning off the computer and other equipment, order in the workplace	Computer, printer, scanner, copier

The photograph of the working day was reviewed by: accountant Makarova S.V.

__________/Makarova S.V./

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Responsible for taking photographs of the working day: HR manager Ryabchenko A.R.

__________/Ryabchenko A.R./

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Photo of purchasing manager's working hours

This photograph was taken on 03/19/2016 using the method of direct measurements of time spent on the basis of the Manager’s Order No. 147 of 03/09/2016 in order to study the expenditure of working time during the employee’s working day.

The results are presented in table. 3.

FULL NAME. employee: Sergeev P.I.

Employee position: purchasing manager.

Work experience in the specialty: 9 years.

Division: Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC.

Table 3. Photo of a purchasing manager's working day
Action (operation) start time	End time of action (operation)	Duration of the operation (action), min.	Work performed (action)	Equipment	Note
			Turning on a computer, printer, copier	Computer, printer, copier
			Request from the planning and economic department of the procurement budget, agreed with financial department, for the current quarter	Computer, telephone, Internet connection
			Request from the main warehouse information about the availability of materials	Computer, telephone, Internet connection
			Determining the availability and need for materials for the current quarter	Computer, telephone
			Going out for personal needs, smoking break
				Computer, printer, telephone
			Lunch break
			Drawing up a monthly procurement plan	Computer, printer, telephone
			Going out for personal needs, smoking break
			Carrying out marketing research to study proposals from suppliers, price levels, delivery conditions according to the procurement plan
			Reception and processing of documents related to procurement	Computer, printer, Internet connection, telephone
			Going out for personal needs, smoking break
			Final agreement with the supplier on terms of prices, shipment date and method of delivery of products to the warehouse	Computer, Internet connection, telephone
			Entering reference information into the supplier database	Computer, Internet connection
			Drawing up a report on the work done during the day, turning off the computer and other equipment	Computer

The photograph of the working day was reviewed by: Purchasing Manager Sergeev P.I.

__________/Sergeev P.I./

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Responsible for taking photographs of the working day: HR manager Ryabchenko A.R.

__________/Ryabchenko A.R./

(signature)

"___" _____________ _____ G.

Stage 3. Processing of results.

The calculation of the duration of the elements (filling out column 3) is carried out when processing the results.

On at this stage also fill out column 6, classify each element. For non-production personnel of the Kamelia-Invest company applied the following classification of working time costs:

OV - total working time (duration of work shift);

PZ - (preparation for completing a task, maintaining means of production in working condition during a shift);

OP - ;

OLN - ;

NTD - (lateness, unauthorized absences from the workplace, premature departure from work, etc.).

Based on the data obtained (Table 1-3), a balance of work activity is created. Table 4 shows economist's working time balance.

Table 4. Economist’s working time balance
	Description			Total observation time, min.
	Organization of the workplace and final work			540 min. (9 hours)
	Operational time (time of direct execution of tasks)
	Spending time on rest and personal needs
	Violations of labor discipline rules

Column “Total duration, min.” table 4 is filled out based on the data in table. 1 as follows:

PV = 10 + 15 = 25 (min.);

OP = 45 + 60 + 70 + 40 + 30 + 75 + 65 + 35 = 420 (min);

OLN = 10 + 60 + 10 = 80 (min.);

NTD = 5 + 10 = 15 (min.).

Calculation of coefficient K1, which shows the share of the cost element in the total observation time:

K1(PZ) = 25 / 540 × 100% = 4.6%;

K1(OP) = 420 / 540 × 100% = 77.8%;

K1(OLN) = 80 / 540 × 100% = 14.8%;

K1(NTD) = 15 / 540 × 100% = 2.8%.

Let's consider accountant's working time balance(Table 5).

Table 5. Accountant’s working time balance
Working time classifier	Description	Total duration, min.	Percentage of total observation time (K1), %	Total observation time, min.
	Organization of the workplace and final work
	Operational time (time of direct execution of tasks)
	Spending time on rest and personal needs
	Violations of labor discipline rules

Filling out the column “Total duration, min.” based on the data in table. 2:

PV = 10 + 5 = 15 (min.);

OP = 15 + 20 + 105 + 80 + 75 + 15 + 15 + 45 + 50 + 25 = 445 (min);

OLN = 10 + 60 + 10 = 80 (min.).

There are no violations of labor discipline rules.

Calculation of coefficient K1, reflecting the share of the cost element in the total observation time:

K1(PZ) = 15 / 540 × 100% = 2.8%;

K1(OP) = 445 / 540 × 100% = 82.4%;

K1(OLN) = 80 / 540 × 100% = 14.8%.

Table 6 contains data on working time balance purchasing manager.

Table 6. Procurement manager working time balance
Working time classifier	Description	Total duration, min.	Percentage of total observation time (K1), %	Total observation time, min.
	Organization of the workplace and final work
	Operational time (time of direct execution of tasks)
	Spending time on rest and personal needs
	Violations of labor discipline rules

Column “Total duration, min.” table 6 is filled out based on the data in table. 3:

PV = 10 + 35 = 45 (min.);

OP = 5 + 15 + 150 + 50 + 30 + 80 + 45 + 15 + 15 = 405 (min);

OLN = 10 + 60 + 10 + 10 = 90 (min.).

There are no violations of labor discipline rules.

Calculation of coefficient K1:

K1(PZ) = 45 / 540 × 100% = 8.3%;

K1(OP) = 405 / 540 × 100% = 75%;

K1(OLN) = 90 / 540 × 100% = 16.7%.

Stage 4. Analysis of results and development of solutions (recommendations).

Based on the data obtained as a result of the FRD, conclusions are drawn and recommendations are developed to eliminate the identified deficiencies.

In our case, the analysis of photographs of the working day of an economist, accountant and manager of the Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC showed enough high level of compliance with labor discipline, since there are either no violations or the NTD has a low value (2.8% of the economist’s total observation time).

Before starting observation, you need to decide what exactly is considered a violation of labor discipline. After all, so-called smoking breaks, tea drinking during working hours, conversations with colleagues on unrelated topics and other time sinks are often simply necessary to maintain a normal environment in the team from a moral point of view.

Important detail: In order to avoid misunderstandings on this matter, it is recommended that the internal labor regulations be set out in writing and agreed upon with the staff and the trade union organization. When hiring new employees, it is necessary to familiarize them with these rules.

During the FRD, it was revealed that the purchasing manager spends about 30 minutes. every day to compile a report on the work done during the day. The management of the Kamelia-Invest company considered that this significant costs time and made a decision simplify internal reporting forms both purchasing managers and other employees.

NOTE

Reporting forms, their content and frequency should be reviewed periodically in any case, since in today’s rapidly changing business environment any information quickly loses its relevance.

Based on the results of the FRD, it was decided to introduce staffing table Voronezh division of Kamelia-Invest LLC, the rates of the computer typing operator for delegation to him following functions: photocopying and scanning documents, sending and receiving email, archiving documents, drawing up simple reports and text documents. It allowed relieve qualified personnel(accountants, economists and managers).

In any case, it is easier to find a person who has the skills to communicate with a computer and other office equipment than a competent economist, responsible accountant and experienced manager. And from the point of view of remuneration, this option is the most optimal.

The efficiency of any department largely depends on its availability of modern high-speed equipment (high-speed computers capable of working with large amounts of data) and communications. Perhaps, based on the results of the FRD, in some cases the purchase of such equipment will be justified, because The efficiency of the company depends on the efficiency and reliability of the data received.

FRD also makes it possible to consider the use of the same equipment (scanning devices, large-format printing devices, color printers) by several employees/departments without compromising the effectiveness of their work. Such equipment is used, as a rule, sporadically, to perform one-time tasks.

The results of the EDF can be used to decide on promotions, certification, awards, etc.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION

A photograph of a working day can be carried out by the company itself (a more economical option) or entrusted to a company specializing in this (the research result will be more reliable).

Staff, organizational system, working methods, and the company's management style are quite easily influenced by the enterprise, manageable and at the same time have a significant impact on the overall performance indicator. That is why great attention should be paid to increasing labor efficiency, and FDD in this matter is one of the most convenient and rational methods for studying costs and losses of working time.

Many managers notice that over time the productivity of their staff decreases. If employees or individual departments do not have time to cope with the tasks assigned to them, this cannot but affect the final result of the company's activities. The reason may be either a high workload of workers or insufficient qualifications of the employee. In order to find an objective reason, a photograph of a working day is used.

A working day photograph is a type of observation of the activities of an individual employee: an accountant, a cook, a manager, a secretary, a storekeeper, or a group of workers: engineers, economists, electric welders, in order to determine how much time they spend working.

Such an observation is intended to be transferred to paper and to see with your own eyes the real time spent on the work process. When drawing up a map, even telephone conversations, which took a few minutes. As a result, the manager sees what his staff is actually doing throughout the working day and week.

Important! Observation periods may vary. They are determined based on the complexity of the situation and the tasks assigned to the observer.

The main goals of compiling a report based on the results of a working day photograph:

• determine the structure of working time. It helps to identify the most time-consuming operation, type of work and determine the employee’s priorities, that is, if he spends more time on one task, then it is more important to him;
• study the experience of specialists who produce the best results. It will be useful for young staff. The experience and characteristics of setting and performing the tasks of the best employees helps to optimally organize the work of the rest;
• set standards. Having analyzed the working hours of several employees, it will be easier to determine the development of standards for the rest. This is especially important for such professions as: a master of various machines, canteen workers and others. This technique helps determine why previously established standards were not met;
• determine losses in the work process. The results will show what the employee did during the day and what percentage of time he spent on performing his job duties;
• employee performance assessment helps assess the level of professionalism of employees and their motivation to work.

Important! There are no restrictions on the applicability of this method; it will help to examine very carefully the working day of both the cleaning lady, the chief accountant, and even the manager.

Timekeeping or photo of the working day?

These methods are often compared, but they differ from each other. Thus, the timing lasts from a week to one month, the period is determined by the employee himself. That is, he knows about observation and can do everything, as they say, correctly.

Regarding the method in question, namely photography of the working day, it is considered more official and effective. It is initiated exclusively by the leader. In addition, the observer is often introduced into the work team as an agent, that is, none of the employees knows what he will actually do.

When taking photographs of a working day, all data is entered into a special form, followed by their processing and analysis. Based on this data, the manager receives a report according to the established template. The method is quite old, but still does not lose its relevance, especially with the emergence of new professions.

The need to use the technique is useful for everyone:

• the manager/owner of the company receives information regarding the workload of personnel and the rational use of resources in the workplace. With help this method you can even count wages for this or that work;
• HR manager Observation helps HR representatives formulate optimal job descriptions, as well as to create a need for workers, which is especially important for team specialties;
• for employees interested in improving their work efficiency.

Kinds

There are several types of DDFs; the division takes into account the number of observation objects.

Individual

An individual photograph of the working day is used when certifying employees. In this case, the working day of only one employee is considered, in production or in the office, taking into account the assessment of the efficiency of using working time. Observation is carried out over one working day, less than a week.

Group

This type is more often called mass. A group of employees or an entire group is under the radar of observers. structural subdivision, sometimes change. The procedure for conducting and recording is the same as in the previous method, as a result of which it is possible to obtain a picture of the working time spent by each employee in the link.

If fixation is carried out for a group of more than 3 employees, then the instant fixation method is used. This technique has its own characteristics, namely:

• the observer determines the specific type of work that he will record for each of the group members. However, it is impossible to keep track of everyone at once and enter correct data;
• observation periods are divided into intervals with precise time intervals;
• when recording the results on the form, write using abbreviations.

Brigade

This method is used to study a large group of workers. Often this technique is used by employees divided into teams.

Disadvantages of the FRD technique

Although a photograph of a working day provides comprehensive data on time spent in the process of work, however, certain disadvantages still exist. Firstly, it is necessary to conduct observation over several days. Fixed results for one day are, to put it mildly, incorrect.

Secondly, involving an individual in observation is also a disadvantage of the method. Of course, you can hire a specialist in this area, but it is far from cheap. If you use the available resources and assign your own employee as an observer, then he will also have to be taken away from his main work. And if self-photography is used, the results may not be the most plausible. It is unlikely that an employee will fill out a report in which he voluntarily indicates how many times he smoked per day or how many hours he spent on the Internet, visiting social networks. networks.

Algorithm for taking photographs of a working day

However, with the correct organization of the process, the method under consideration gives a positive result.

Setting goals

Conducting any research, including this one, requires a specific goal setting. Otherwise it is useless. The goals may be different, so the first step is to make a list of them, indicating which results should be displayed in the report. It could be:

• compiling a list of actually performed tasks by a specific employee or group;
• searching for opportunities to optimize labor;
• determination of loss of efficiency;
• development of standards for working hours;
• identifying low-qualified employees who cannot cope with the tasks assigned to them.

Determination of the target group of those studied, time frame

It is optimal if the duration of the study is such that it covers the entire working cycle, however, in practice this is not always possible. When the goal is to determine the structure of working time costs, the photographing procedure should be carried out over at least 1-2 weeks, with short breaks possible.

To determine production standards regarding individual species work, it is required to record each type of work at least 10-15 times, in which case the duration of the study will increase to 3-4 weeks.

When determining the study group, there may be the following options:

• For a team of less than ten people, the FDD is carried out for each employee separately. At the same time, the following may remain unobserved: workers at probationary period, if there are any in production;
• if the number of personnel is more than ten people, then only the most experienced workers can be examined. Of course, in this case, everything depends on the goals set by management.

Preparing and filling out the form

Another important stage, on which the convenience of recording data, and subsequently analyzing it, depends, is the preparation and correct entry of information into the form. You can download the completed observation form below:

You can also create such a form manually in Word or Excel.

Depending on the chosen photographing option, the form is filled out by a specially appointed employee or by the subject himself. This can be done on a printed sheet or you can enter the data digitally and print it out later.

Important! When photographing, the time of the beginning of the action and its completion are recorded. There should be no “white spots”, that is, if one action is completed at 8:45, then the next operation should begin at 8:45. Even if an employee is just sitting at his desk doing nothing, this is also indicated.

The person who will be photographing must be instructed in how to correctly fill out the forms. In some cases, training is required. For this purpose it is issued.

If your goal is to obtain the most reliable information, it is advisable to introduce the employee who will take the photographs into the team under some kind of legend. In this case, the subjects behave as usual, which is especially important for identifying the reasons for a decrease in labor efficiency.

Working with results

After all stages of photographing have been completed, the results obtained are analyzed. If a group was studied, then data for each employee can be presented individually. The analysis is presented in the form of a table displaying working time costs by position, type of work, departments and other necessary criteria.

Report preparation procedure

All analysis results are entered into a special form, which must be completed in accordance with the rules. It states:

• name of the enterprise and structural unit;
• FULL NAME. employee(s);
• level of education and qualifications;
• position held;
• name of the work performed;
• brief description of the work;
• the table records information on stages and time costs;
• additional data obtained as a result of photographing is entered into the “note” column;
• Below the table, the coefficients are summarized: in general, the costs of the work process, as well as the time spent on quickly solving problems and the time of a break in work of any type (smoke break, lunch, reading literature not related to work).

The report must be submitted for signature by the immediate supervisor, and then for consideration by senior management.

Conclusion

Photo of working hours – effective method tracking the actual time spent on work, as well as an ideal tool for organizing the entire work process. This close examination will help identify performance issues and help optimize your workflow.