Already this summer, the government may adopt criteria for classifying products as Russian. Products that meet all requirements will be given priority in government procurement
Buy Russian
It’s easy to prove that your product is made in Russia by “simulating” the percentage of the localization level, says a high-ranking government official participating in the discussion of import substitution issues: “Everything is calculated at customs value, it is underestimated, overhead costs and expenses that are incurred at procurement of components in the country. It turns out that we are creating a Russian product, which in fact is not one. We would like different conditions."
To solve the problem, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has developed a draft resolution that should clearly regulate the criteria for classifying products as Russian, and describes what should be classified as products whose analogues are not produced in the country (such equipment is not subject to VAT when imported). An assessment of the regulatory impact of the document should be completed this week; a resolution could be issued before the end of June, says an RBC source. The project has not yet been received by the Ministry of Economic Development, a ministry representative told RBC.
Criteria Russian products some. The document (the project is posted on regulation.gov.ru) specifies a list of conditions and operations in Russia, the percentage share of the cost of materials and components from abroad in the price of the final product. It must be calculated at the customs value upon import or at the documented price of their first sale in Russia; the cost of industrial products is determined taking into account the costs of delivery from the factory.
A mandatory condition is also stipulated that the manufacturer must carry out research and development work, involve Russian citizens in the work, etc.
Separate indicators are established for each industry. The document contains them for eight industries - medical equipment, pharmaceuticals, electronics and microelectronics, machine tool industry, automotive industry, special mechanical engineering, photonics and lighting engineering, electrical engineering and power engineering. In the applications there are several dozen product names for which separate conditions(see examples in the box).
Minister of Industry and Trade Denis Manturov said in an interview in a thematic supplement to Kommersant in May of this year that as criteria for other goods are developed, “ The resolution will be expanded and supplemented with new positions.” RBC's source in the government says that work is underway on 13 industry regulations.
There are two criteria for classifying industrial products that have no analogues in Russia. P Products should not have the same technical and operational characteristics, physical, chemical and other properties not related exclusively to its appearance, which affect its work by more than 20%. The second criterion is price and operating costs. For of a product that is produced in Russia, a difference of more than 20% in cost or operating costs is taken into account.
The list of such products will be adjusted, says a government source. It is assumed that the CCI and Russian Foundation technological development, follows from the document.
Business is waiting for clarification
“For now, calls for localization of drugs and substances remain only political calls, but criteria alone cannot solve this problem. Now there are not only criteria, but also no clear confirmation procedure. For example, to name your company as a manufacturer of local products, you just need to check the box when filling out an application on the government procurement website - and you will immediately receive 15 percent preferences,” complains the head of the industry department for pharmaceuticals and biotechnology “ Business Russia» Zakhar Golant.
In pharmaceuticals there are completely non-obvious criteria that need to be taken into account, he adds: “There are many medicines, the locality criteria in which are not the same even in a separate category - for example, tablets or liquid: the cost of medicinal substances for drugs in ampoules can reach 80%, and in tablets it is an order of magnitude less. How to calculate?
For the products that the company produces and supplies, for example, to the Ministry of Defense, 100% domestic components are already required, says an employee of one of the companies producing photodetectors. According to him, some devices for the civilian sector contain foreign components, which will have to be abandoned in order to comply with the new standards (according to the criteria developed by the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the share of foreign components in manufactured goods in this segment should not exceed 30% by 2019). But due to the high dollar exchange rate, it is now more profitable to use domestic components, RBC’s interlocutor noted.
For representatives of the automotive industry, the criteria are spelled out in the already existing government decree No. 166, reminds a representative of Ford Sollers. It also spells out the obligations of automakers, including the level of localization, obligations to organize a research and development center in Russia and the creation of engine production.
Carrot or stick
Representatives of the business community interviewed by RBC say that now, given the state’s increased attention to import substitution programs, companies that meet the criteria of a manufacturer of a “Russian product” could count on preferences. “But the global question here is whether it will be in a stick format or a carrot format. What is this – a bonus for those who meet the criteria, or a restriction for those who do not fall under these criteria,” says a source close to the RUIE board bureau.
“We will tie the implementation of special investment contracts to the resolution,” says a government official. He adds that it is also possible to place an order with sole supplier, if the executor of such an order is a participant in the special investment contract.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade began accepting applications for participation in special investment projects in April of this year, according to a message on the department’s website. As part of the projects, the state provides subsidies to compensate for part of the cost of paying interest on loans received from Russian banks in 2014-2016 for projects in the field of civil industry under the state program “Industrial Development and Increasing its Competitiveness.” Companies with projects worth up to 5 billion rubles can participate in the selection. Subsidies are provided for loans for a period of at least three years, 0.7 of the Central Bank key rate under the loan agreement is subsidized.
It is expected that other preferences will be offered to companies that meet the criteria, says First Deputy Chairman of the Public Council under the Ministry of Industry and Trade Anton Danilov-Danilyan. “If you really are a full-fledged Russian company and produce a product according to these criteria, then it is much easier to get help from government development institutions,” he says. “Companies will be able to count on assistance in expanding production and insurance to enter export markets.”
The admission of companies to government procurement is also being discussed separately. It is planned to develop draft resolutions, according to which the condition for the admission of goods to government procurement will be their production in countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union, follows from documents of the Ministry of Industry and Trade. “To be a Russian product, the components must be from EAEU countries, including Russia. This is mandatory,” a government official tells RBC.
The idea of obliging foreign companies wishing to participate in government procurement to localize production in Russia within a few years has been discussed in the government for several years. But the criteria by which companies or their products are recognized as localized are not described in sufficient detail; this could lead to abuse, concerns were expressed at the beginning of this year by the Association of European Businesses, according to a presentation by the organization.
Priority of Russian digital products over foreign ones for government agencies enshrined in Law No. 188-FZ, adopted last year. Since January 1, 2016, a register of domestic software has been launched in Russia, with the help of which the services needed by the authorities are selected. Currently, the list contains 1962 products in such classifications as databases, operating systems, office applications, server software and others.
In the event that the development of Russian programmers is not suitable, the customer is obliged to publish the rationale for refusing the purchase.
The document applies to government officials, but since the spring of 2016 the government has been talking about transferring these norms to state corporations and companies with state participation. In July, the media reported that First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov sent out a directive to enterprises stating the need to choose Russian software.
In a conversation with the press service of Rostelecom, Gazeta.Ru was told that the operator is interested in increasing the share of domestic software in its IT systems and gives preference to the Russian manufacturer, all other things being equal - price, quality, reliability, service support.
“But it is important for us that import substitution does not reduce the quality of software and does not increase the company’s costs,” noted Irina Zhabrova, head of the B2B/B2G segment promotion department.
According to a Rostelecom representative, the operator is already actively using domestic software. “We are trying to carry out some of the local developments for BSS systems using alternative solutions, including those supported by communities. The most critical type of software for our business is OSS/BSS systems. Most of these systems at Rostelecom are built on Russian platforms (billing, linear accounting systems), and small businesses are often our partners in these implementations,” said Zhabrova.
Russian Railways told Gazeta.Ru that “a significant part of the company’s IT landscape is formed by domestic solutions.” “Technologies and algorithms used in automated control systems for major technological processes Russian Railways are Russian developments.
Even in cases where foreign-made basic technology platforms, such as SAP, are used, all developments that are carried out on their basis are domestic,” the company said.
In order to implement the import substitution policy, the company is considering the possibility of increasing the share of domestic software, in particular the introduction of domestically produced enterprise management systems (ERP systems).
“To assess the prospects for cooperation with the largest domestic suppliers of this class of systems - the Galaktika and 1C companies - research laboratories have been created. Deciding to use a new one software will be taken taking into account the assessment of software performance and scalability, functional content and total value possessions,” said the press service of Russian Railways.
Aeroflot and Sberbank declined to comment.
Tightening and punishment
In the spring, it was reported that departments such as the Ministry of Economic Development, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications and the Ministry of Industry and Trade were proposing to introduce fines for refusal by government agencies to purchase Russian software. But this idea was later abandoned. For now, the law is advisory in nature.
At the end of March, Minister of Telecom and Mass Communications Nikolai Nikiforov, during government meetings The President of Russia said that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, together with the FAS, will catch the hand of government customers who “prefer to purchase foreign software in the old fashioned way, despite the fact that similar Russian solutions have appeared.”
The minister's position, apparently, has not changed. So, in a joint meeting with Rostelecom and the department information technologies(DIT) Moscow conference, held on Tuesday, September 27, Nikiforov noted that 2016 was relatively calm, but next year will not be like that.
According to the head of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications, as part of the import substitution policy, more regulatory checks will be initiated in 2017. Nikiforov called this a tightening of the screws and added that the FAS, the Prosecutor General's Office and the Accounts Chamber will carefully check the implementation of legislation on the procurement of Russian software.
“We are in favor of purchasing predominantly domestic software products with the money of Russian taxpayers and state-owned companies,” said the Minister of Communications.
Nikiforov noted that the transition to domestic software is a complex work. This means the law on public procurement, ministry projects, tax reductions for Russian developers and the construction of technology parks.
The head of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications believes that for a long time it was convenient for government agencies and companies to purchase programs and services from foreign organizations, since thanks to the large funds allocated for marketing, customers received additional bonuses. Among them, the minister named foreign trips and special attention.
"Now there is only general documents, which talk about the need to switch to domestic technologies, and plans should be targeted for a single ministry and state-owned company. This will allow us to take into account the specifics of each department and enterprise,” says Alexey Strelnikov, head of the industry solutions department of the infrastructure solutions department of the Softline group of companies.
According to the expert, the transition to domestic software is hampered by the fact that consumers are accustomed to foreign technologies and have a very hard time giving up investments made in these projects.
“The fine mechanism is not always working. It’s better if there are indicators that must be achieved, and the person responsible for meeting these indicators can independently resolve internal issues,” Strelnikov noted.
FAS's first victim
So far, the FAS has managed to grab the hand of the Ministry of Construction, which in July summed up the results of one of its electronic auctions. Its winner was Geocapital, which did not suit the company New Cloud Technologies, which owns the My Office software package. The company, whose products are recorded in the register of domestic software, complained to the FAS.
The regulator considered that the Ministry of Construction's justification for the impossibility of complying with the ban on foreign software was drawn up with violations. Among them is the lack of indication of the characteristics of software products from the register of domestic software, similar to the procurement object.
The FAS also noted that the customer included Russian and foreign solutions in one purchase, while pointing out the impossibility of complying with the ban on purchasing foreign software products. This, according to the department, misleads tender participants.
Due to the fact that a contract was concluded as a result of the auction, the FAS decided not to issue an order to eliminate violations. However, she decided to transfer the case materials to the Office for Control over the Placement of State Orders to initiate cases of administrative violations.
“FAS no longer had the right to cancel the auction, since at the time the case was considered, the Ministry of Construction contract had already been concluded.
Cancellation of auctions is now only possible through judicial proceedings. It is for this reason that we decided to create a precedent and try to defend our interests as a domestic developer in court,” the legal department of New Cloud Technologies told Gazeta.Ru.
The company estimates its chances of winning as average. “It is more important to create a precedent here, since so far there have been limited restrictions on such issues. judicial practice", the company concluded.
The FAS was unable to promptly respond to Gazeta.Ru’s request.
In order for a manufacturer to be able to prove that a product was manufactured in , he must indicate the level of localization of production as a percentage, says a government official involved in considering issues related to the implementation of the import substitution program.
In order to help resolve this problem, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has prepared a draft document that is intended to specify the criteria by which it will be possible to confidently determine whether a particular product should be classified as a domestic product. In addition, he describes what should be considered as goods for which Russian industry does not produce analogues. This week the examination of this project will be completed, and implementation can be expected closer to mid-summer. This resolution has not yet been received by the Ministry of Economic Development, said employees of this department.
The main distinctive features inherent Russian goods some. The project outlines a list of conditions and processes in Russia, the percentage of the cost of raw materials and imported components in the selling price of the finished product. The calculation must be made according to the value declared at customs or according to the price of their primary sale in Russia confirmed by documents, the cost finished products is formed taking into account transport costs.
In addition, a special clause establishes an indispensable condition that the manufacturer is obliged to carry out research and development activities, give preference to Russian citizens, etc.
The head of the Ministry of Industry and Trade, Denis Manturov, said during his speech this month that as various criteria are prepared, this document will be supplemented with other points.
Signs by which the fact of the absence of analogues will be determined Russian production, two mentioned. This kind of product should not have identical characteristics, physical, chemical and other properties that are not related to its appearance, and at the same time affect the operation by more than 20%. Another sign is the selling price and the level of operating costs.
For products manufactured for the needs of the defense department, only components made in Russia are now needed, says an employee of a company working in the military-industrial complex. According to him, some devices for civilian use contain imported components that will need to be discarded in order to comply with the new rules. However, since the dollar has become more expensive, it is much more cost-effective to use Russian components.
For companies operating in the automotive industry, the criteria have been formulated and are already in effect, Sollers says. It also clearly outlines the responsibilities of such companies related to the degree of localization, specific obligations regarding the creation of various research centers on Russian soil and the mandatory organization of the full cycle of engine manufacturing.
Companies engaged in import substitution will be stimulated by subsidies.
Various representatives of the business community note that now, due to the increased attention of the authorities to the issue of import substitution, companies whose products fully meet the requirements for a Russian manufacturer can, in theory, hope for certain bonuses. However, this raises a significant question: in what format will the preference be given? Will he prefer carrots or sticks, asks a representative of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs.
The government says that incentives in the form of targeted investment agreements are provided for enterprises that meet the criteria. He, in addition, indicates that it will also be possible to provide an order to only one supplier if it is a participant in a special investment contract.
The Ministry of Industry and Trade has already begun accepting applications from companies wishing to take part in such projects, according to information on its website. The conditions say that the state will provide subsidies that can be used to reimburse costs for servicing loans taken from Russian financial institutions in the period from 2014 to 2016. People can take part in this casting Russian enterprises with projects whose cost will not exceed 5 billion rubles.
At the same time, the possibility of admitting Russian enterprises to government procurement is being considered. For this purpose, a number of documents will be developed, according to which the main criterion for admitting products to public procurement will be their production in the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. IN Russian government note that in order for a product to be considered Russian, all components must be produced on the territory of the EAEU.
The idea of forcing foreign enterprises wishing to take part in government procurement to build a full production cycle in Russia over the course of several years has been studied by the government for several years. However, the requirements according to which companies or their products are considered manufactured in the Russian Federation are not sufficiently specified; this state of affairs could lead to various abuses, some foreign entrepreneurs feared.
Currently, the Russian pharmaceutical industry is considered to be developing compared to the global industry. In Figure No. 1 you can see that the volume of production of medicines on the domestic market is increasing every year. For example, in 2012, production volume in Russia amounted to 127.2 billion rubles, which compared to 2011 showed an increase of 25%.
Figure No. 1. Dynamics of drug production volumes in the Russian Federation, 2003-2012
According to the data Federal Service According to State Statistics, about 150 companies specialized in the production of medicines in Russia in 2012. At the same time, this figure did not include representatives of small businesses, of which there are more and more every day. It is worth noting that in 2011, the 20 largest companies produced more than 65% of the total output. This means that most of the demand from consumers for medicines is satisfied mainly by leading pharmaceutical manufacturing companies, the ratings of which are presented in table No. 6.
Based on the data presented in Table No. 6, we can say that among the leading manufacturers in the Russian domestic market, enterprises of the main foreign pharmaceutical companies prevail, for example, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis International AG, Berlin - Chemie, "F. Hoffman - La Roche", "Bayer", "Nycomed", "Teva Pharmaceutical", etc. It is worth noting that only one Russian company entered the list of the 20 largest manufacturing companies in the domestic market, while taking an honorable third place in the ranking in terms of sales volume - Pharmstandard OJSC.
This company specializes not only in the production of medicines, like many Russian enterprises, but moreover, it develops new original medicines. Pharmstandard products meet the requirements Russian standards. In addition, the company is ready to adapt its production according to international standards quality, having approved for this purpose a plan for the transition to European standards by 2014. Pharmstandart's main products are medicines that have received universal recognition from consumers due to their high quality and efficiency. Examples of such drugs include “Arbidol”, “Pentalgin”, “Afobazol”, “Biosulin”, etc.
As for the French pharmaceutical company Sanofi-Aventis, which took first place in the ranking of the 20 largest manufacturers in the domestic market, its success is explained by a large number public procurement(about 40%). Although the sales volume of this company decreased by 10% compared to 2010, this did not prevent the company from taking a leading position. Second place went to the transnational pharmaceutical corporation Novartis international AG, which, like Sanofi-Aventis, carries out sales in the government segment - about 40%.
It is worth noting that among the large manufacturers in Russia there are domestic enterprises, which are partners of foreign pharmaceutical companies. A striking example This practice can be cited by the company OJSC Nizhpharm, which took 24th place in the ranking of leading manufacturers of medicines. Since 2008, it has been part of the international holding Stada.
Currently the number foreign companies in the domestic market is increasing every year. At the same time, the share of Russian manufacturers: according to research by the Pharmexpert Center for Research and Development, from the late nineties to today, the number of domestic representatives in the domestic market has decreased from 58.4% to 20%. This situation is unfavorable for domestic companies. That is why the state provides support in the development of the Russian pharmaceutical industry. Experts say that, according to pessimistic forecasts, the share of domestic pharmaceutical companies may soon decrease to 5-10%, while foreign manufacturers will acquire the bulk of the market, occupying the remaining 90-95%. Naturally, it is impossible to allow the situation to reach such an outcome, since the pharmaceutical industry is strategic. If the health of our nation is in the hands of foreign companies, then this will make Russia dependent on them, and nothing good can be expected from this.
It is also worth noting that one of the main problems in the Russian pharmaceutical market is the production of counterfeit products. Naturally, this problem It is also found in foreign markets, where organizations such as the Association of International Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and the Coalition for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights are actively fighting it.
According to official data, more than 15% of medicines that unscrupulous manufacturers supply to pharmacy chains for subsequent sale turn out to be unsuitable for consumption. This is due to the fact that these medications are fakes that do not have any useful properties for the end consumer, and moreover, in some cases they can even cause harm to health, thereby worsening the patient’s condition. It is worth noting that the share of counterfeit pharmaceuticals produced by domestic companies reaches 67%.
Due to the flourishing falsification of medical products in the domestic market large companies lose over 250 million dollars every year: they spend a huge amount of money on the fight against counterfeit products, and suffer from lost profits that are appropriated by unscrupulous manufacturers of counterfeit medicines.
07 November 2014 20:01The series of articles devoted to the largest Russian companies has been completed. The main reason for writing this series was the desire to analyze and describe the largest representatives of the Russian economy and business, as well as try to assess the structure and development prospects of each large domestic company separately. I hope that the articles I have written will be able to help site visitors when analyzing and evaluating representatives Russian business. In this publication, to simplify the search for companies of interest, they will be sorted by industry structure.
Stock oil companies have always been of interest to investors. is the main item of Russian export, accounting for about a third of all exports to in monetary terms, and together with petroleum products this share is almost 50%. In addition, prices for the third main component of exports significantly depend on the level of prices for oil and petroleum products. The largest representatives oil and gas industry In Russia there are such companies as:
- presenters Russian companies
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- credit and financial companies
- telecommunications companies
- mechanical engineering companies
- energy industry companies
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